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Charif M, Chevrollier A, Gueguen N, Bris C, Goudenège D, Desquiret-Dumas V, Leruez S, Colin E, Meunier A, Vignal C, Smirnov V, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Drumare Bouvet I, Goizet C, Votruba M, Jurkute N, Yu-Wai-Man P, Tagliavini F, Caporali L, La Morgia C, Carelli V, Procaccio V, Zanlonghi X, Meunier I, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Amati-Bonneau P, Lenaers G. Mutations in the m-AAA proteases AFG3L2 and SPG7 are causing isolated dominant optic atrophy. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e428. [PMID: 32548275 PMCID: PMC7251510 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the genetic diagnosis of dominant optic atrophy (DOA), the most frequently inherited optic nerve disease, and infer genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Exonic sequences of 22 genes were screened by new-generation sequencing in patients with DOA who were investigated for ophthalmology, neurology, and brain MRI. RESULTS We identified 7 and 8 new heterozygous pathogenic variants in SPG7 and AFG3L2. Both genes encode for mitochondrial matricial AAA (m-AAA) proteases, initially involved in recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (HSP7) and dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28), respectively. Notably, variants in AFG3L2 that result in DOA are located in different domains to those reported in SCA28, which likely explains the lack of clinical overlap between these 2 phenotypic manifestations. In comparison, the SPG7 variants identified in DOA are interspersed among those responsible for HSP7 in which optic neuropathy has previously been reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results position SPG7 and AFG3L2 as candidate genes to be screened in DOA and indicate that regulation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and maturation by m-AAA proteases are crucial for the maintenance of optic nerve physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Charif
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Bris
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Leruez
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Meunier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Vignal
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasily Smirnov
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Drumare Bouvet
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcela Votruba
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca Tagliavini
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Valerio Carelli
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Zanlonghi
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Coarelli G, Schule R, van de Warrenburg BPC, De Jonghe P, Ewenczyk C, Martinuzzi A, Synofzik M, Hamer EG, Baets J, Anheim M, Schöls L, Deconinck T, Masrori P, Fontaine B, Klockgether T, D'Angelo MG, Monin ML, De Bleecker J, Migeotte I, Charles P, Bassi MT, Klopstock T, Mochel F, Ollagnon-Roman E, D'Hooghe M, Kamm C, Kurzwelly D, Papin M, Davoine CS, Banneau G, Tezenas du Montcel S, Seilhean D, Brice A, Duyckaerts C, Stevanin G, Durr A. Loss of paraplegin drives spasticity rather than ataxia in a cohort of 241 patients with SPG7. Neurology 2019; 92:e2679-e2690. [PMID: 31068484 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We took advantage of a large multinational recruitment to delineate genotype-phenotype correlations in a large, trans-European multicenter cohort of patients with spastic paraplegia gene 7 (SPG7). METHODS We analyzed clinical and genetic data from 241 patients with SPG7, integrating neurologic follow-up data. One case was examined neuropathologically. RESULTS Patients with SPG7 had a mean age of 35.5 ± 14.3 years (n = 233) at onset and presented with spasticity (n = 89), ataxia (n = 74), or both (n = 45). At the first visit, patients with a longer disease duration (>20 years, n = 62) showed more cerebellar dysarthria (p < 0.05), deep sensory loss (p < 0.01), muscle wasting (p < 0.01), ophthalmoplegia (p < 0.05), and sphincter dysfunction (p < 0.05) than those with a shorter duration (<10 years, n = 93). Progression, measured by Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia evaluations, showed a mean annual increase of 1.0 ± 1.4 points in a subgroup of 30 patients. Patients homozygous for loss of function (LOF) variants (n = 65) presented significantly more often with pyramidal signs (p < 0.05), diminished visual acuity due to optic atrophy (p < 0.0001), and deep sensory loss (p < 0.0001) than those with at least 1 missense variant (n = 176). Patients with at least 1 Ala510Val variant (58%) were older (age 37.6 ± 13.7 vs 32.8 ± 14.6 years, p < 0.05) and showed ataxia at onset (p < 0.05). Neuropathologic examination revealed reduction of the pyramidal tract in the medulla oblongata and moderate loss of Purkinje cells and substantia nigra neurons. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest SPG7 cohort study to date and shows a spasticity-predominant phenotype of LOF variants and more frequent cerebellar ataxia and later onset in patients carrying at least 1 Ala510Val variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coarelli
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Rebecca Schule
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Elisa G Hamer
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Jonathan Baets
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Ludger Schöls
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Tine Deconinck
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Pegah Masrori
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Maria Grazia D'Angelo
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Elisabeth Ollagnon-Roman
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Marc D'Hooghe
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Christoph Kamm
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Delia Kurzwelly
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Melanie Papin
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Claire-Sophie Davoine
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- From Sorbonne Université (G.C., C.E., B.F., M.-L.M., F.M., M.P., C.-S.D., G.S., A.D.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Department of Genetics (G.C., C.E., M.-L.M., P.C., F.M., G.B., G.S., A.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (R.S., M.S., L.S.), University of Tübingen, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S., M.S., L.S.), Tübingen; Department of Neurology (B.P.C.v.d.W., E.G.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Neurogenetics Group (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), University of Antwerp; Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Pathology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp; Department of Neurology (P.D.J., J.B., T.D., P.M., J.D.B., M.D.), Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea" (A.M.), Conegliano, Italy; Department of Neurology (M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (M.A.), Université de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (B.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France; Department of Neurology (T. Klockgether, D.K.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klockgether, D.K.), Bonn; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.G.D.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; ULB Center of Human Genetics (I.M.), Brussels, Belgium; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea Laboratory of Molecular Biology (M.T.B.), Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Neurology With Friedrich-Baur Institute (T. Klopstock), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T. Klopstock); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T. Klopstock), Germany; Department of Genetics (E.O.-R.), Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France; Department of Neurology (C.K.), University of Rostock, Germany; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (M.P., G.S.), PSL Research University; Sorbonne Université (S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis de Santé Publique, Medical Information Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles-Foix University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; and Raymond Escourolle Neuropathology Department (D.S., C.D.), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, France.
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