1
|
Kacher R, Lejeune FX, David I, Boluda S, Coarelli G, Leclere-Turbant S, Heinzmann A, Marelli C, Charles P, Goizet C, Kabir N, Hilab R, Jornea L, Six J, Dommergues M, Fauret AL, Brice A, Humbert S, Durr A. CAG repeat mosaicism is gene specific in spinocerebellar ataxias. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:913-926. [PMID: 38626762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Expanded CAG repeats in coding regions of different genes are the most common cause of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). These repeats are unstable through the germline, and larger repeats lead to earlier onset. We measured somatic expansion in blood samples collected from 30 SCA1, 50 SCA2, 74 SCA3, and 30 SCA7 individuals over a mean interval of 8.5 years, along with postmortem tissues and fetal tissues from SCA1, SCA3, and SCA7 individuals to examine somatic expansion at different stages of life. We showed that somatic mosaicism in the blood increases over time. Expansion levels are significantly different among SCAs and correlate with CAG repeat lengths. The level of expansion is greater in individuals with SCA7 who manifest disease compared to that of those who do not yet display symptoms. Brain tissues from SCA individuals have larger expansions compared to the blood. The cerebellum has the lowest mosaicism among the studied brain regions, along with a high expression of ATXNs and DNA repair genes. This was the opposite in cortices, with the highest mosaicism and lower expression of ATXNs and DNA repair genes. Fetal cortices did not show repeat instability. This study shows that CAG repeats are increasingly unstable during life in the blood and the brain of SCA individuals, with gene- and tissue-specific patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute's Data Analysis Core Facility, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle David
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susana Boluda
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Neuropathology Raymond Escourolle, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Leclere-Turbant
- Sorbonne Université, Biobank Neuro-CEB Biological Resource Platform, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- MMDN, Université Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Université Bordeaux, Equipe « Neurogénétique Translationnelle - NRGEN », INCIA CNRS UMR5287 Université Bordeaux and Centre de Reference Maladies Rares « Neurogénétique », Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Nisha Kabir
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rania Hilab
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Jornea
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julie Six
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Dommergues
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Gynécologie Obstetrique, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rovelet-Lecrux A, Bonnevalle A, Quenez O, Delcroix W, Cassinari K, Richard AC, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Goizet C, Rucar A, Verny C, Nguyen K, Lecourtois M, Nicolas G. Upstream open reading frame-introducing variants in patients with primary familial brain calcification. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01580-4. [PMID: 38433263 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of patients with primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), a rare neurological disorder, remain genetically unexplained. While some causative genes are yet to be identified, variants in non-coding regions of known genes may represent a source of missed diagnoses. We hypothesized that 5'-Untranslated Region (UTR) variants introducing an AUG codon may initiate mRNA translation and result in a loss of function in some of the PFBC genes. After reannotation of exome sequencing data of 113 unrelated PFBC probands, we identified two upstream AUG-introducing variants in the 5'UTR of PDGFB. One, NM_002608.4:c.-373C>G, segregated with PFBC in the family. It was predicted to create an upstream open reading frame (ORF). The other one, NM_002608.4:c.-318C>T, was found in a simplex case. It was predicted to result in an ORF overlapping the natural ORF with a frameshift. In a GFP reporter assay, both variants were associated with a dramatic decrease in GFP levels, and, after restoring the reading frame with the GFP sequence, the c.-318C>T variant was associated with a strong initiation of translation as measured by western blotting. Overall, we found upstream AUG-introducing variants in the 5'UTR of PDGFB in 2/113 (1.7%) undiagnosed PFBC cases. Such variants thus represent a source of putative pathogenic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Bonnevalle
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Wandrille Delcroix
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Cassinari
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases 'Neurogenetic', Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, and University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Rucar
- Department of Neurology, University-Hospital of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
- Unité MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Verny
- Department of Neurology, University-Hospital of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
- Unité MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics, CNRMAJ and Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guissart C, De la Cruz E, Flabeau O, Grapperon AM, Corazza G, Junilhon L, Delmas JC, Millecamps S, Polge A, Amador MDM, Salachas F, Rochat J, Goizet C, Juntas Morales R, Lumbroso S, Philibert P, Cheillan D, Mouzat K. Heterozygous SPTLC1 p.Leu39del is a major cause of slow-progressing juvenile ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024; 95:288-290. [PMID: 38041669 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa De la Cruz
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Flabeau
- Centre de Compétence des Maladies Neuromusculaires de Bayonne, Centre Hospitalier de la Cote Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - Aude-Marie Grapperon
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni Corazza
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Junilhon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Charles Delmas
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Centre référent SLA, Département de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Francois Salachas
- Centre référent SLA, Département de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julie Rochat
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raul Juntas Morales
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Laboratoire CarMeN - Cardiovasculaire Métabolisme diabétologie et Nutrition, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Nîmes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Husson T, Lecoquierre F, Nicolas G, Richard AC, Afenjar A, Audebert-Bellanger S, Badens C, Bilan F, Bizaoui V, Boland A, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Brischoux-Boucher E, Bonnet C, Bournez M, Boute O, Brunelle P, Caumes R, Charles P, Chassaing N, Chatron N, Cogné B, Colin E, Cormier-Daire V, Dard R, Dauriat B, Delanne J, Deleuze JF, Demurger F, Denommé-Pichon AS, Depienne C, Dieux A, Dubourg C, Edery P, El Chehadeh S, Faivre L, Fergelot P, Fradin M, Garde A, Geneviève D, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Goizet C, Goldenberg A, Gouy E, Guerrot AM, Guimier A, Harzalla I, Héron D, Isidor B, Lacombe D, Le Guillou Horn X, Keren B, Kuechler A, Lacaze E, Lavillaureix A, Lehalle D, Lesca G, Lespinasse J, Levy J, Lyonnet S, Morel G, Jean-Marçais N, Marlin S, Marsili L, Mignot C, Nambot S, Nizon M, Olaso R, Pasquier L, Perrin L, Petit F, Pingault V, Piton A, Prieur F, Putoux A, Planes M, Odent S, Quélin C, Quemener-Redon S, Rama M, Rio M, Rossi M, Schaefer E, Rondeau S, Saugier-Veber P, Smol T, Sigaudy S, Touraine R, Mau-Them FT, Trimouille A, Van Gils J, Vanlerberghe C, Vantalon V, Vera G, Vincent M, Ziegler A, Guillin O, Campion D, Charbonnier C. Episignatures in practice: independent evaluation of published episignatures for the molecular diagnostics of ten neurodevelopmental disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:190-199. [PMID: 37872275 PMCID: PMC10853222 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are a significant issue for the molecular diagnosis of rare diseases. The publication of episignatures as effective biomarkers of certain Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders has raised hopes to help classify VUS. However, prediction abilities of most published episignatures have not been independently investigated yet, which is a prerequisite for an informed and rigorous use in a diagnostic setting. We generated DNA methylation data from 101 carriers of (likely) pathogenic variants in ten different genes, 57 VUS carriers, and 25 healthy controls. Combining published episignature information and new validation data with a k-nearest-neighbour classifier within a leave-one-out scheme, we provide unbiased specificity and sensitivity estimates for each of the signatures. Our procedure reached 100% specificity, but the sensitivities unexpectedly spanned a very large spectrum. While ATRX, DNMT3A, KMT2D, and NSD1 signatures displayed a 100% sensitivity, CREBBP-RSTS and one of the CHD8 signatures reached <40% sensitivity on our dataset. Remaining Cornelia de Lange syndrome, KMT2A, KDM5C and CHD7 signatures reached 70-100% sensitivity at best with unstable performances, suffering from heterogeneous methylation profiles among cases and rare discordant samples. Our results call for cautiousness and demonstrate that episignatures do not perform equally well. Some signatures are ready for confident use in a diagnostic setting. Yet, it is imperative to characterise the actual validity perimeter and interpretation of each episignature with the help of larger validation sample sizes and in a broader set of episignatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Husson
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- APHP. Sorbonne Université, Centre de Référence Malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, département de génétique et embryologie médicale, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France; APHM, service de génétique, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Bilan
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique Médicale and Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1084, LNEC, F- 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Varoona Bizaoui
- Service de génétique et neurodéveloppement, Pôle de Santé Mentale Enfant et Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier de l'Estran, Pontorson, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Centre de génétique humaine, CHU Besancon, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Céline Bonnet
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S1256, NGERE, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Bournez
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Odile Boute
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Brunelle
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de génétique clinique, centre de référence des déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, GHU Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Génétique médicale, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300, Poissy, France
| | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Service de cytogénétique et génétique médicale, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Julian Delanne
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Dieux
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement), CNRS UMR 6290, INSERM ERL 1305, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS-UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMRS 1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg et INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aurore Garde
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence « Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares », FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Université Montpellier, Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France
- Centre de référence anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs, Génétique Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cyril Goizet
- NRGEN team, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, EPHE, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Evan Gouy
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Génétique et neurobiologie de C.elegans, MéLis (CNRS UMR 5284 -INSERM U1314), Institut NeuroMyogene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Guimier
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Inès Harzalla
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Le Guillou Horn
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Génétique Médicale, F - 86000, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7348, LabCom I3M-Dactim mis / LMA, F-86000, Poitiers, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elodie Lacaze
- Le Havre Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, F 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Alinoë Lavillaureix
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- UF de génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie, BP 31135, 73011, Chambéry, France
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, APHP, Paris, France
- Laboratoire embryologie et génétique des malformations, Institut Imagine, UMR-II63, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Godeliève Morel
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nolwenn Jean-Marçais
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Luisa Marsili
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Rennes, France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Médecine Physique et Réadaptation pédiatrique CHU Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Florence Petit
- CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, F-59000, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Veronique Pingault
- Service de Médecine Génomique des maladies rares, AP-HP. Centre, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabienne Prieur
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Marc Planes
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement, FHU GenOMedS, Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvia Quemener-Redon
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Brest, France
| | - Mélanie Rama
- CHU Lille - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Genetics of Neurodevelopment (GENDEV) Team, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale -Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace - CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares - GHU Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7364 - RADEME - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
- CHU Lille - Institut de Génétique Médicale, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, CRMR syndromes malformatifs et anomalies du développement, département de génétique, APHM Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique, CHU Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Équipe GAD, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Service de Pathologie, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm U1211 MRGM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van Gils
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux and INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Valérie Vantalon
- Centre d'Excellence InovAND-Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent-CHU Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Vera
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Guillin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Biostatistics, F-76000, Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Courtois S, Angelini C, M Durand C, Dias Amoedo N, Courreges A, Dumon E, Le Quang M, Goizet C, Martin-Negrier ML, Rossignol R, Lacombe D, Coupry I, Trimouille A. Mutation on MT-CO2 gene induces mitochondrial disease associated with neurodegeneration and intracerebral iron accumulation (NBIA). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166856. [PMID: 37640115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders impairing mitochondrial functions. Here we describe a patient with a neurodegenerative condition associated with myopia, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and motor disorders. Brain MRIs showed major cortico-subcortical and infra-tentorial atrophies, as well as intracerebral iron accumulation and central calcifications, compatible with a NBIA-like phenotype. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed an undescribed variant: m.8091G>A in the MT-CO2 gene, associated with a complex IV deficiency and a decrease of the mitochondrial respiratory chain capabilities. We report here this pathogenic variant, associated with a NBIA-like phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courtois
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chloé Angelini
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle M Durand
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Armelle Courreges
- Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Mégane Le Quang
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Neurogenetic Reference Centre, Medical Genetic Service, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Medical Genetics Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), Bordeaux University, France; Reference Centre: Maladies Mitochondriales de l'Enfant à l'Adulte (CARAMMEL), University Hospital of Bordeaux, France; Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alkhalifa A, Chen S, Hasiloglu ZI, Filosto M, Cali E, Houlden H, Sgobbi de Souza P, Alavi A, Goizet C, Stevanin G, Taithe F, Nicita F, Vasco G, Tozza S, Cocozza S, Carboni N, Figus A, Wu J, Basak AN, Brais B, Rouleau G, La Piana R. White matter abnormalities in 15 subjects with SPG76. J Neurol 2023; 270:5784-5792. [PMID: 37578488 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are heterogenous genetic disorders characterized by progressive pyramidal tract involvement. SPG76 is a recently identified form of HSP, caused by biallelic calpain-1 (CAPN1) variants. The most frequently described MRI abnormality in SPG76 is mild cerebellar atrophy and non-specific white matter abnormalities were reported in only one case. Following the identification of prominent white matter abnormalities in a subject with CAPN1 variants, which delayed the diagnosis, we aimed to verify the presence of MRI patterns of white matter involvement specific to this HSP. METHODS We performed a retrospective radiological qualitative analysis of 15 subjects with SPG76 (4 previously unreported) initially screened for white matter involvement. Moreover, we performed quantitative analyses in our proband with available longitudinal studies. RESULTS We observed bilateral, periventricular white matter involvement in 12 subjects (80%), associated with multifocal subcortical abnormalities in 5 of them (33.3%). Three subjects (20%) presented only multifocal subcortical involvement. Longitudinal quantitative analyses of our proband revealed increase in multifocal white matter lesion count and increased area of periventricular white matter involvement over time. DISCUSSION SPG76 should be added to the list of HSPs with associated white matter abnormalities. We identified periventricular white matter involvement in subjects with SPG76, variably associated with multifocal subcortical white matter abnormalities. These findings, in the presence of progressive spastic paraparesis, can mislead the diagnostic process towards an acquired white matter disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alkhalifa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Military Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Shihan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Zehra Isik Hasiloglu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, NeMO-Brescia Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Cali
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Paulo Sgobbi de Souza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afagh Alavi
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyril Goizet
- NRGEN Team, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, EPHE, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Taithe
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Tozza
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Carboni
- Department of Neurology, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Andrea Figus
- Department of Radiology, San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Jianjun Wu
- National Center for Neurological Disorders and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Translational Medicine Research Center-NDAL, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberta La Piana
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angelini C, Durand CM, Fergelot P, Deforges J, Vital A, Menegon P, Sarrazin E, Bellance R, Mathis S, Gonzalez V, Renaud M, Frismand S, Schmitt E, Rouanet M, Burglen L, Chabrol B, Desnous B, Arveiler B, Stevanin G, Coupry I, Goizet C. Autosomal Dominant MPAN: Mosaicism Expands the Clinical Spectrum to Atypical Late-Onset Phenotypes. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2103-2115. [PMID: 37605305 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is caused by mutations in the C19orf12 gene. MPAN typically appears in the first two decades of life and presents with progressive dystonia-parkinsonism, lower motor neuron signs, optic atrophy, and abnormal iron deposits predominantly in the basal ganglia. MPAN, initially considered as a strictly autosomal recessive disease (AR), turned out to be also dominantly inherited (AD). OBJECTIVES Our aim was to better characterize the clinical, molecular, and functional spectra associated with such dominant pathogenic heterozygous C19orf12 variants. METHODS We collected clinical, imaging, and molecular information of eight individuals from four AD-MPAN families and obtained brain neuropathology results for one. Functional studies, focused on energy and iron metabolism, were conducted on fibroblasts from AD-MPAN patients, AR-MPAN patients, and controls. RESULTS We identified four heterozygous C19orf12 variants in eight AD-MPAN patients. Two of them carrying the familial variant in mosaic displayed an atypical late-onset phenotype. Fibroblasts from AD-MPAN showed more severe alterations of iron storage metabolism and autophagy compared to AR-MPAN cells. CONCLUSION Our data add strong evidence of the realness of AD-MPAN with identification of novel monoallelic C19orf12 variants, including at the mosaic state. This has implications in diagnosis procedures. We also expand the phenotypic spectrum of MPAN to late onset atypical presentations. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time more drastic abnormalities of iron metabolism and autophagy in AD-MPAN than in AR-MPAN. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Angelini
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Neurogénétique», Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Marie Durand
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Neurogénétique», Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
- MRGM, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- MRGM, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Deforges
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Vital
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrice Menegon
- Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elizabeth Sarrazin
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neuromusculaires (AOC), Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Rémi Bellance
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neuromusculaires (AOC), Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Stéphane Mathis
- Service de Neurologie (Unité Nerf-Muscle), Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Neuromusculaires (AOC), Centre SLA, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
- NGERE, INSERM U1256, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Rouanet
- Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique Pédiatrique, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Timone enfants, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Desnous
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Timone enfants, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Arveiler
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- MRGM, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
- EPHE, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
- MRGM, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares «Neurogénétique», Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
- MRGM, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mirchi A, Guay SP, Tran LT, Wolf NI, Vanderver A, Brais B, Sylvain M, Pohl D, Rossignol E, Saito M, Moutton S, González-Gutiérrez-Solana L, Thiffault I, Kruer MC, Moron DG, Kauffman M, Goizet C, Sztriha L, Glamuzina E, Melançon SB, Naidu S, Retrouvey JM, Lacombe S, Bernardino-Cuesta B, De Bie I, Bernard G. Craniofacial features of POLR3-related leukodystrophy caused by biallelic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1026-1034. [PMID: 37197783 PMCID: PMC10579516 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA polymerase III-related or 4H leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD) is an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by neurological dysfunction, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C or POLR3K. Craniofacial abnormalities reminiscent of Treacher Collins syndrome have been originally described in patients with POLR3-HLD caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR1C. To date, no published studies have appraised in detail the craniofacial features of patients with POLR3-HLD. In this work, the specific craniofacial characteristics of patients with POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C are described. METHODS The craniofacial features of 31 patients with POLR3-HLD were evaluated, and potential genotype-phenotype associations were evaluated. RESULTS Various craniofacial abnormalities were recognized in this patient cohort, with each individual presenting at least one craniofacial abnormality. The most frequently identified features included a flat midface (61.3%), a smooth philtrum (58.0%) and a pointed chin (51.6%). In patients with POLR3B biallelic variants, a thin upper lip was frequent. Craniofacial anomalies involving the forehead were most commonly associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A and POLR3B while a higher proportion of patients with POLR1C biallelic variants demonstrated bitemporal narrowing. CONCLUSION Through this study, we demonstrated that craniofacial abnormalities are common in patients with POLR3-HLD. This report describes in detail the dysmorphic features of POLR3-HLD associated with biallelic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B and POLR1C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amytice Mirchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Guay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luan T Tran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Sylvain
- Centre Mère Enfant, CHU de Québec, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Pohl
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sebastien Moutton
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic PréNatal, MSPBordeaux Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - Luis González-Gutiérrez-Solana
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España; Grupo Clínico Vinculado al Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) GCV14/ER/6, Hospital Infantil Universitario Nino Jesus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Dolores Gonzales Moron
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, ADC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Kauffman
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia and CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- NRGEN team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Paediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emma Glamuzina
- Adult and Paediatric National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, Te Whatu Ora, New Zealand
| | - Serge B Melançon
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Retrouvey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne Lacombe
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Isabelle De Bie
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cunha P, Petit E, Coutelier M, Coarelli G, Mariotti C, Faber J, Van Gaalen J, Damasio J, Fleszar Z, Tosi M, Rocca C, De Michele G, Minnerop M, Ewenczyk C, Santorelli FM, Heinzmann A, Bird T, Amprosi M, Indelicato E, Benussi A, Charles P, Stendel C, Romano S, Scarlato M, Le Ber I, Bassi MT, Serrano M, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Doss S, Van Velzen GAJ, Thomas Q, Trabacca A, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, D'Arrigo S, Timmann D, Pantaleoni C, Martinuzzi A, Besse-Pinot E, Marsili L, Cioffi E, Nicita F, Giorgetti A, Moroni I, Romaniello R, Casali C, Ponger P, Casari G, De Bot ST, Ristori G, Blumkin L, Borroni B, Goizet C, Marelli C, Boesch S, Anheim M, Filla A, Houlden H, Bertini E, Klopstock T, Synofzik M, Riant F, Zanni G, Magri S, Di Bella D, Nanetti L, Sequeiros J, Oliveira J, Van de Warrenburg B, Schöls L, Taroni F, Brice A, Durr A. Extreme phenotypic heterogeneity in non-expansion spinocerebellar ataxias. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1098-1109. [PMID: 37301203 PMCID: PMC10357418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the best-known spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are triplet repeat diseases, many SCAs are not caused by repeat expansions. The rarity of individual non-expansion SCAs, however, has made it difficult to discern genotype-phenotype correlations. We therefore screened individuals who had been found to bear variants in a non-expansion SCA-associated gene through genetic testing, and after we eliminated genetic groups that had fewer than 30 subjects, there were 756 subjects bearing single-nucleotide variants or deletions in one of seven genes: CACNA1A (239 subjects), PRKCG (175), AFG3L2 (101), ITPR1 (91), STUB1 (77), SPTBN2 (39), or KCNC3 (34). We compared age at onset, disease features, and progression by gene and variant. There were no features that reliably distinguished one of these SCAs from another, and several genes-CACNA1A, ITPR1, SPTBN2, and KCNC3-were associated with both adult-onset and infantile-onset forms of disease, which also differed in presentation. Nevertheless, progression was overall very slow, and STUB1-associated disease was the fastest. Several variants in CACNA1A showed particularly wide ranges in age at onset: one variant produced anything from infantile developmental delay to ataxia onset at 64 years of age within the same family. For CACNA1A, ITPR1, and SPTBN2, the type of variant and charge change on the protein greatly affected the phenotype, defying pathogenicity prediction algorithms. Even with next-generation sequencing, accurate diagnosis requires dialogue between the clinician and the geneticist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cunha
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Emilien Petit
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jennifer Faber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Van Gaalen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joana Damasio
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; CGPP, IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology & UnIGENe, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zofia Fleszar
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michele Tosi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen's Square Institute of Neurology, Queen's Square House, Queen's Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Giovanna De Michele
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Minnerop
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine & Neurogenetics, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Thomas Bird
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthias Amprosi
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Perrine Charles
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Claudia Stendel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), München, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Romano
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Scarlato
- San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Doss
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gijs A J Van Velzen
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Quentin Thomas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Trabacca
- Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Chiara Pantaleoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Elsa Besse-Pinot
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Ettore Cioffi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Scientific Institute I.R.C.C.S. Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Carlo Casali
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Penina Ponger
- Neurology Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6329302 Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Giorgio Casari
- San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanne T De Bot
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801 Tel-Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, 5822012 Holon, Israel
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cyril Goizet
- University Bordeaux, Equipe « Neurogénétique Translationnelle - NRGEN », INCIA CNRS UMR5287 Université Bordeaux and Centre de Reference Maladies Rares « Neurogénétique », Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM and Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases, CHU, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67098 Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964; CNRS-UMR7104; University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen's Square Institute of Neurology, Queen's Square House, Queen's Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), München, Germany; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florence Riant
- Department of Neurovascular Molecular Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- CGPP, IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology & UnIGENe, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- CGPP, IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology & UnIGENe, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bart Van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franco Taroni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CS21414, 75646 PARIS Cedex 13, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Parenti I, Leitão E, Kuechler A, Villard L, Goizet C, Courdier C, Bayat A, Rossi A, Julia S, Bruel AL, Tran Mau-Them F, Nambot S, Lehalle D, Willems M, Lespinasse J, Ghoumid J, Caumes R, Smol T, El Chehadeh S, Schaefer E, Abi-Warde MT, Keren B, Afenjar A, Tabet AC, Levy J, Maruani A, Aledo-Serrano Á, Garming W, Milleret-Pignot C, Chassevent A, Koopmans M, Verbeek NE, Person R, Belles R, Bellus G, Salbert BA, Kaiser FJ, Mazzola L, Convers P, Perrin L, Piton A, Wiegand G, Accogli A, Brancati F, Benfenati F, Chatron N, Lewis-Smith D, Thomas RH, Zara F, Striano P, Lesca G, Depienne C. The different clinical facets of SYN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1019715. [PMID: 36568968 PMCID: PMC9773998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1019715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsin-I (SYN1) is a presynaptic phosphoprotein crucial for synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Pathogenic SYN1 variants are associated with variable X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders mainly affecting males. In this study, we expand on the clinical and molecular spectrum of the SYN1-related neurodevelopmental disorders by describing 31 novel individuals harboring 22 different SYN1 variants. We analyzed newly identified as well as previously reported individuals in order to define the frequency of key features associated with these disorders. Specifically, behavioral disturbances such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are observed in 91% of the individuals, epilepsy in 82%, intellectual disability in 77%, and developmental delay in 70%. Seizure types mainly include tonic-clonic or focal seizures with impaired awareness. The presence of reflex seizures is one of the most representative clinical manifestations related to SYN1. In more than half of the cases, seizures are triggered by contact with water, but other triggers are also frequently reported, including rubbing with a towel, fever, toothbrushing, fingernail clipping, falling asleep, and watching others showering or bathing. We additionally describe hyperpnea, emotion, lighting, using a stroboscope, digestive troubles, and defecation as possible triggers in individuals with SYN1 variants. The molecular spectrum of SYN1 variants is broad and encompasses truncating variants (frameshift, nonsense, splicing and start-loss variants) as well as non-truncating variants (missense substitutions and in-frame duplications). Genotype-phenotype correlation revealed that epileptic phenotypes are enriched in individuals with truncating variants. Furthermore, we could show for the first time that individuals with early seizures onset tend to present with severe-to-profound intellectual disability, hence highlighting the existence of an association between early seizure onset and more severe impairment of cognitive functions. Altogether, we present a detailed clinical description of the largest series of individuals with SYN1 variants reported so far and provide the first genotype-phenotype correlations for this gene. A timely molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling are cardinal for appropriate patient management and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Parenti
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laurent Villard
- INSERM, MMG, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France,Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,NRGEN Team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Courdier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,NRGEN Team, INCIA, CNRS UMR 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Allan Bayat
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, Dianalund, Denmark,Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sophie Julia
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Pôle de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rare diseases and Personalized Medicine, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France,Inserm U1298, INM, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - James Lespinasse
- Service de Cytogenetique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, Lille, France,CHU Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, Lille, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Département de Génétique, UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Jonathan Levy
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ángel Aledo-Serrano
- Epilepsy and Neurogenetics Program, Neurology Department, Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Waltraud Garming
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Kinder-und Jugendklinik Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Anna Chassevent
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marije Koopmans
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nienke E. Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca Belles
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Gary Bellus
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Bonnie A. Salbert
- Medical Genetics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,Essener Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laure Mazzola
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Convers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Department of Paediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CHU Saint-Étienne, Hôpital Bellevue, Rhône-Alpes Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Amélie Piton
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gert Wiegand
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Klinik Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine II (Neuropediatrics, Social Pediatrics), University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Qc, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Human Genetics, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy,IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Geneva, Italy,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Geneva, Italy
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France,Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Lewis-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys H. Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Zara
- IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France,Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261 -INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,*Correspondence: Christel Depienne,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bakis H, Trimouille A, Vermorel A, Goizet C, Belaroussi Y, Schutz S, Solé G, Combe C, Martin-Negrier ML, Rigothier C. Renal involvement is frequent in adults with primary mitochondrial disorders: an observational study. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:100-110. [PMID: 36726431 PMCID: PMC9871853 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial functions are controlled by genes of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Pathogenic variants affecting any of these are responsible for primary mitochondrial disorders (MIDs), which can be diagnosed during adulthood. Kidney functions are highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration. However, the prevalence of MID-associated nephropathies (MIDANs) is unknown in the adult population. We aimed to address this point and to provide a full characterization of MIDANs in this population. Methods We retrospectively included for observational study adults (≥16 years of age) with genetically diagnosed MID between 2000 and 2020 in our tertiary care academic centre when they had a chronic kidney disease (CKD) evaluation. MIDANs were ascertained by CKD occurring in MIDs. The phenotypic, biological, histopathological and genotypic characteristics were recorded from the medical charts. Results We included 80 MID-affected adults and ascertained MIDANs in 28/80 (35%). Kidney diseases under the care of a nephrologist occurred in only 14/28 (50%) of the adults with MIDAN. MIDANs were tubulointerstitial nephropathy in 14/28 patients (50%) and glomerular diseases in 9/28 (32.1%). In adults with MID, MIDAN was negatively associated with higher albumin levels {odds ratio [OR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.95]} and vision abnormalities [OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.03-0.94)] and positively associated with hypertension [OR 4.23 (95% CI 1.04-17.17)]. Conclusion MIDANs are frequent among adult MIDs. They are mostly represented by tubulointerstitial nephropathy or glomerular disease. Vision abnormalities, hypertension and albumin levels were independently associated with MIDANs. Our results pave the way for prospective studies investigating the prevalence of MIDANs among undetermined kidney disease populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agathe Vermorel
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Pathologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Mitochondriales de l’Enfant à l’Adulte (CARAMMEL), Bordeaux, France,Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yaniss Belaroussi
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, ISPED, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Institut Bergonié, INSERM CIC1401, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sacha Schutz
- CHU de Brest, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France,Université de Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- CHU de Bordeaux, Département de Neurologie, Unité Nerf-Muscle, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Combe
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses, Bordeaux, France,Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Negrier
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Mitochondriales de l’Enfant à l’Adulte (CARAMMEL), Bordeaux, France,Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Rigothier
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses, Bordeaux, France,CHU de Bordeaux, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Mitochondriales de l’Enfant à l’Adulte (CARAMMEL), Bordeaux, France,Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Youssov K, Audureau E, Vandendriessche H, Morgado G, Layese R, Goizet C, Verny C, Bourhis ML, Bachoud-Lévi AC. The burden of Huntington's disease: A prospective longitudinal study of patient/caregiver pairs. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 103:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
13
|
Liautard-Haag C, Durif G, VanGoethem C, Baux D, Louis A, Cayrefourcq L, Lamairia M, Willems M, Zordan C, Dorian V, Rooryck C, Goizet C, Chaussenot A, Monteil L, Calvas P, Miry C, Favre R, Le Boette E, Fradin M, Roux AF, Cossée M, Koenig M, Alix-Panabière C, Guissart C, Vincent MC. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases induced by triplet repeat expansion by linked read haplotyping and Bayesian approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11423. [PMID: 35794169 PMCID: PMC9259573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has undergone significant progress over the last decade. Direct haplotyping has been successfully applied for NIPD of few single-gene disorders. However, technical issues remain for triplet-repeat expansions. The objective of this study was to develop an NIPD approach for couples at risk of transmitting dynamic mutations. This method includes targeted enrichment for linked-read libraries and targeted maternal plasma DNA sequencing. We also developed an innovative Bayesian procedure to integrate the Hoobari fetal genotyping model for inferring the fetal haplotype and the targeted gene variant status. Our method of directly resolving parental haplotypes through targeted linked-read sequencing was smoothly performed using blood samples from families with Huntington’s disease or myotonic dystrophy type 1. The Bayesian analysis of transmission of parental haplotypes allowed defining the genotype of five fetuses. The predicted variant status of four of these fetuses was in agreement with the invasive prenatal diagnosis findings. Conversely, no conclusive result was obtained for the NIPD of fragile X syndrome. Although improvements should be made to achieve clinically acceptable accuracy, our study shows that linked-read sequencing and parental haplotype phasing can be successfully used for NIPD of triplet-repeat expansion diseases.Trial registration: NCT04698551_date of first registration: 07/01/2021.
Collapse
|
14
|
Miceli F, Millevert C, Soldovieri MV, Mosca I, Ambrosino P, Carotenuto L, Schrader D, Lee HK, Riviello J, Hong W, Risen S, Emrick L, Amin H, Ville D, Edery P, de Bellescize J, Michaud V, Van-Gils J, Goizet C, Willemsen MH, Kleefstra T, Møller RS, Bayat A, Devinsky O, Sands T, Korenke GC, Kluger G, Mefford HC, Brilstra E, Lesca G, Milh M, Cooper EC, Taglialatela M, Weckhuysen S. KCNQ2 R144 variants cause neurodevelopmental disability with language impairment and autistic features without neonatal seizures through a gain-of-function mechanism. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104130. [PMID: 35780567 PMCID: PMC9254340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have revealed remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in KCNQ2-related disorders, correlated with effects on biophysical features of heterologously expressed channels. Here, we assessed phenotypes and functional properties associated with KCNQ2 missense variants R144W, R144Q, and R144G. We also explored in vitro blockade of channels carrying R144Q mutant subunits by amitriptyline. Methods Patients were identified using the RIKEE database and through clinical collaborators. Phenotypes were collected by a standardized questionnaire. Functional and pharmacological properties of variant subunits were analyzed by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Findings Detailed clinical information on fifteen patients (14 novel and 1 previously published) was analyzed. All patients had developmental delay with prominent language impairment. R144Q patients were more severely affected than R144W patients. Infantile to childhood onset epilepsy occurred in 40%, while 67% of sleep-EEGs showed sleep-activated epileptiform activity. Ten patients (67%) showed autistic features. Activation gating of homomeric Kv7.2 R144W/Q/G channels was left-shifted, suggesting gain-of-function effects. Amitriptyline blocked channels containing Kv7.2 and Kv7.2 R144Q subunits. Interpretation Patients carrying KCNQ2 R144 gain-of-function variants have developmental delay with prominent language impairment, autistic features, often accompanied by infantile- to childhood-onset epilepsy and EEG sleep-activated epileptiform activity. The absence of neonatal seizures is a robust and important clinical differentiator between KCNQ2 gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants. The Kv7.2/7.3 channel blocker amitriptyline might represent a targeted treatment. Funding Supported by FWO, GSKE, KCNQ2-Cure, Jack Pribaz Foundation, European Joint Programme on Rare Disease 2020, the Italian Ministry for University and Research, the Italian Ministry of Health, the European Commission, the University of Antwerp, NINDS, and Chalk Family Foundation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pyromali I, Benslimane N, Favreau F, Goizet C, Lazaro L, Vitry M, Derouault P, Sturtz F, Magdelaine C, Lia AS. From Negative to Positive Diagnosis: Structural Variation Could Be the Second Mutation You Are Looking for in a Recessive Autosomal Gene. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020212. [PMID: 35207700 PMCID: PMC8878780 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of plentiful mutations increasing the rate of patients getting a positive diagnosis. However, while single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small indels can be easily detected, structural variations (SVs) such as copy number variants (CNVs) are often not researched. In Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy, the PMP22-duplication was the first variation detected. Since then, more than 90 other genes have been associated with CMT, with point mutations or small indels mostly described. Herein, we present a personalized approach we performed to obtain a positive diagnosis of a patient suffering from demyelinating CMT. His NGS data were aligned to the human reference sequence but also studied using the CovCopCan software, designed to detect large CNVs. This approach allowed the detection of only one mutation in SH3TC2, the frequent p.Arg954*, while SH3TC2 is known to be responsible for autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT forms. Interestingly, by modifying the standard CovCopCan use, we detected the second mutation of this patient corresponding to a 922 bp deletion in SH3TC2 (Chr5:148,390,609-Chr5:148,389,687), including only one exon (exon 14). This highlights that SVs, different from PMP22 duplication, can be responsible for peripheral neuropathy and should be searched systematically. This approach could also be employed to improve the diagnosis of all inherited diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pyromali
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Nesrine Benslimane
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux-GH Pellegrin Tripode, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Leila Lazaro
- Centre Hospitalier (CH) de la Côte Basque, F-64100 Bayonne, France;
| | - Martine Vitry
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Paco Derouault
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Faculty of Medicine, MMNP (Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques), University of Limoges, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France; (I.P.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.S.); (C.M.)
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France;
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-555-435-938
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coarelli G, Heinzmann A, Ewenczyk C, Fischer C, Chupin M, Monin ML, Hurmic H, Calvas F, Calvas P, Goizet C, Thobois S, Anheim M, Nguyen K, Devos D, Verny C, Ricigliano VAG, Mangin JF, Brice A, Tezenas du Montcel S, Durr A. Safety and efficacy of riluzole in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in France (ATRIL): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
17
|
Billon C, Adham S, Hernandez Poblete N, Legrand A, Frank M, Chiche L, Zuily S, Benistan K, Savale L, Zaafrane-Khachnaoui K, Brehin AC, Bal L, Busa T, Fradin M, Quelin C, Chesneau B, Wahl D, Fergelot P, Goizet C, Mirault T, Jeunemaitre X, Albuisson J. Cardiovascular and connective tissue disorder features in FLNA-related PVNH patients: progress towards a refined delineation of this syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:504. [PMID: 34863227 PMCID: PMC8642866 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FLNA Loss-of-Function (LoF) causes periventricular nodular heterotopia type 1 (PVNH1), an acknowledged cause of seizures of various types. Neurological symptoms are inconstant, and cardiovascular (CV) defects or connective tissue disorders (CTD) have regularly been associated. We aimed at refining the description of CV and CTD features in patients with FLNA LoF and depicting the multisystemic nature of this condition. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated FLNA variants and clinical presentations in FLNA LoF patient with at least one CV or CTD feature, from three cohorts: ten patients from the French Reference Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, 23 patients from the national reference diagnostic lab for filaminopathies-A, and 59 patients from literature review. RESULTS Half of patients did not present neurological symptoms. Most patients presented a syndromic association combining CV and CTD features. CV anomalies, mostly aortic aneurysm and/or dilation were present in 75% of patients. CTD features were present in 75%. Variants analysis demonstrated an enrichment of coding variants in the CH1 domain of FLNA protein. CONCLUSION In FLNA LoF patients, the absence of seizures should not be overlooked. When considering a diagnosis of PVNH1, the assessment for CV and CTD anomalies is of major interest as they represent interlinked features. We recommend systematic study of FLNA within CTD genes panels, regardless of the presence of neurological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Billon
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Salma Adham
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Natalia Hernandez Poblete
- Département de génétique médicale, Centre national de référence pour les maladies rares Neurogénétiques, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de maladies rares : Génétique et Metabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Legrand
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michael Frank
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Faculté de médecine, Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Service de chirurgie vasculaire et endovasculaire, Centre aortique tertiaire, Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Zuily
- Inserm UMRS 1116 DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division de médecine vasculaire et centre de compétence régional pour les maladies vasculaires rares et autoimmunes systémiques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Karelle Benistan
- Centre de Référence des Syndromes d'Ehlers-Danlos non Vasculaires, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France.,UMR U1179 INSERM, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,UMR_S 999, INSERM, Groupe hospitalier Marie-Lannelongue -Saint Joseph, Université Paris-Sud, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Anne-Claire Brehin
- INSERM U1245 , Normandy center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Laurence Bal
- Centre de référence régional Marfan et apparentés, Centre aortique, Hôpital La Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital La Timone, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Chesneau
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Marfan et des syndromes apparentés, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Wahl
- Inserm UMRS 1116 DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division de médecine vasculaire et centre de compétence régional pour les maladies vasculaires rares et autoimmunes systémiques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Patricia Fergelot
- Département de génétique médicale, Centre national de référence pour les maladies rares Neurogénétiques, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de maladies rares : Génétique et Metabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Département de génétique médicale, Centre national de référence pour les maladies rares Neurogénétiques, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Mirault
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Département de génétique, Centre national de référence pour les maladies vasculaires rares, centre de référence européen VASCERN MSA, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, U970 PARCC, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie Cancérologique, Centre Georges François Leclerc - UNICANCER- Institut GIMI, Dijon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pujol C, Legrand A, Parodi L, Thomas P, Mochel F, Saracino D, Coarelli G, Croon M, Popovic M, Valet M, Villain N, Elshafie S, Issa M, Zuily S, Renaud M, Marelli-Tosi C, Legendre M, Trimouille A, Kemlin I, Mathieu S, Gleeson JG, Lamari F, Galatolo D, Alkouri R, Tse C, Rodriguez D, Ewenczyk C, Fellmann F, Kuntzer T, Blond E, El Hachimi KH, Darios F, Seyer A, Gazi AD, Giavalisco P, Perin S, Boucher JL, Le Corre L, Santorelli FM, Goizet C, Zaki MS, Picaud S, Mourier A, Steculorum SM, Mignot C, Durr A, Trifunovic A, Stevanin G. Implication of folate deficiency in CYP2U1 loss of function. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212651. [PMID: 34546337 PMCID: PMC8480666 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms remains sparse, and therapeutic options are lacking. We characterized a mouse model lacking the Cyp2u1 gene, loss of which is known to be involved in a complex form of these diseases in humans. We showed that this model partially recapitulated the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of patients. Using electron microscopy, lipidomic, and proteomic studies, we identified vitamin B2 as a substrate of the CYP2U1 enzyme, as well as coenzyme Q, neopterin, and IFN-α levels as putative biomarkers in mice and fluids obtained from the largest series of CYP2U1-mutated patients reported so far. We also confirmed brain calcifications as a potential biomarker in patients. Our results suggest that CYP2U1 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial function and impacts proper neurodevelopment, which could be prevented by folate supplementation in our mouse model, followed by a neurodegenerative process altering multiple neuronal and extraneuronal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pujol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France.,Pasteur Institute, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | - Anne Legrand
- Paris University, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares - Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U97, Paris, France
| | - Livia Parodi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France.,Pasteur Institute, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Marijana Croon
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Milica Popovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manon Valet
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Villain
- Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Shahira Elshafie
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Issa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stephane Zuily
- University of Lorraine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U 1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- University of Lorraine, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U 1256, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Cécilia Marelli-Tosi
- Mécanismes Moléculaires dans les Démences Neurodégénératives, University of Montpellier, École pratique des hautes études, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Montpellier, France; Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Legendre
- Genetics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Genetics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Kemlin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Groupe Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Mathieu
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Groupe Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Galatolo
- Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rana Alkouri
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Tse
- Metabolic Biochemistry Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Groupe Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Florence Fellmann
- University of Lausanne, Service de Génétique médicale, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Kuntzer
- University of Lausanne, Nerve-Muscle Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Blond
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Khalid H El Hachimi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, École pratique des hautes études, Neurogenetics Unit, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Anastasia D Gazi
- Pasteur Institute, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3691, Paris, France
| | | | - Silvina Perin
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 8601, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Le Corre
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 8601, Paris, France
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Genetics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Bordeaux University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Marie Steculorum
- Group Neurocircuit and Function, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Department, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute ICM, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Départements Médico-Universitaires Neuroscience 6, Paris, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, École pratique des hautes études, Neurogenetics Unit, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verdura E, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Vélez-Santamaria V, Planas-Serra L, de la Calle I, Raspall-Chaure M, Roubertie A, Benkirane M, Saettini F, Pavinato L, Mandrile G, O'Leary M, O'Heir E, Barredo E, Chacón A, Michaud V, Goizet C, Ruiz M, Schlüter A, Rouvet I, Sala-Coromina J, Fossati C, Iascone M, Canonico F, Marcé-Grau A, de Souza P, Adams DR, Casasnovas C, Rehm HL, Mefford HC, González Gutierrez-Solana L, Brusco A, Koenig M, Macaya A, Pujol A. Biallelic PI4KA variants cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Brain 2021; 144:2659-2669. [PMID: 34415322 PMCID: PMC8557332 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are lipids that play a critical role in processes such as cellular signalling, ion channel activity and membrane trafficking. When mutated, several genes that encode proteins that participate in the metabolism of these lipids give rise to neurological or developmental phenotypes. PI4KA is a phosphoinositide kinase that is highly expressed in the brain and is essential for life. Here we used whole exome or genome sequencing to identify 10 unrelated patients harbouring biallelic variants in PI4KA that caused a spectrum of conditions ranging from severe global neurodevelopmental delay with hypomyelination and developmental brain abnormalities to pure spastic paraplegia. Some patients presented immunological deficits or genito-urinary abnormalities. Functional analyses by western blotting and immunofluorescence showed decreased PI4KA levels in the patients’ fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and targeted lipidomics indicated that PI4KA activity was diminished in fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, we report a novel severe metabolic disorder caused by PI4KA malfunction, highlighting the importance of phosphoinositide signalling in human brain development and the myelin sheath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valentina Vélez-Santamaria
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene de la Calle
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Raspall-Chaure
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Département de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Saettini
- Paediatric Hematology Department, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandrile
- Thalassemia Centre and Medical Genetics Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Melanie O'Leary
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily O'Heir
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Estibaliz Barredo
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Chacón
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Michaud
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.,INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France.,Reference Center for Rare Neurogenetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux Pellegrin Hospital Group, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Cellular Biotechnology Department and Biobank, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Sala-Coromina
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Paediatrics, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, USSD LGM, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Precilla de Souza
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, The Common Fund, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luis González Gutierrez-Solana
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Benkirane M, Marelli C, Guissart C, Roubertie A, Ollagnon E, Choumert A, Fluchère F, Magne FO, Halleb Y, Renaud M, Larrieu L, Baux D, Patat O, Bousquet I, Ravel JM, Cuntz-Shadfar D, Sarret C, Ayrignac X, Rolland A, Morales R, Pointaux M, Lieutard-Haag C, Laurens B, Tillikete C, Bernard E, Mallaret M, Carra-Dallière C, Tranchant C, Meyer P, Damaj L, Pasquier L, Acquaviva C, Chaussenot A, Isidor B, Nguyen K, Camu W, Eusebio A, Carrière N, Riquet A, Thouvenot E, Gonzales V, Carme E, Attarian S, Odent S, Castrioto A, Ewenczyk C, Charles P, Kremer L, Sissaoui S, Bahi-Buisson N, Kaphan E, Degardin A, Doray B, Julia S, Remerand G, Fraix V, Haidar LA, Lazaro L, Laugel V, Villega F, Charlin C, Frismand S, Moreira MC, Witjas T, Francannet C, Walther-Louvier U, Fradin M, Chabrol B, Fluss J, Bieth E, Castelnovo G, Vergnet S, Meunier I, Verloes A, Brischoux-Boucher E, Coubes C, Geneviève D, Lebouc N, Azulay JP, Anheim M, Goizet C, Rivier F, Labauge P, Calvas P, Koenig M. High rate of hypomorphic variants as the cause of inherited ataxia and related diseases: study of a cohort of 366 families. Genet Med 2021; 23:2160-2170. [PMID: 34234304 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of inherited ataxia and related diseases represents a real challenge given the tremendous heterogeneity and clinical overlap of the various causes. We evaluated the efficacy of molecular diagnosis of these diseases by sequencing a large cohort of undiagnosed families. METHODS We analyzed 366 unrelated consecutive patients with undiagnosed ataxia or related disorders by clinical exome-capture sequencing. In silico analysis was performed with an in-house pipeline that combines variant ranking and copy-number variant (CNV) searches. Variants were interpreted according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. RESULTS We established the molecular diagnosis in 46% of the cases. We identified 35 mildly affected patients with causative variants in genes that are classically associated with severe presentations. These cases were explained by the occurrence of hypomorphic variants, but also rarely suspected mechanisms such as C-terminal truncations and translation reinitiation. CONCLUSION A significant fraction of the clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic overlap is explained by hypomorphic variants that are difficult to identify and not readily predicted. The hypomorphic C-terminal truncation and translation reinitiation mechanisms that we identified may only apply to few genes, as it relies on specific domain organization and alterations. We identified PEX10 and FASTKD2 as candidates for translation reinitiation accounting for mild disease presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benkirane
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Expert Centre for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier; Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN), EPHE, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elizabeth Ollagnon
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Ariane Choumert
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Ory Magne
- Department of Neurology, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yosra Halleb
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Lise Larrieu
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Baux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Patat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Idriss Bousquet
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ravel
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Danielle Cuntz-Shadfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Rolland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raoul Morales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Pointaux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cathy Lieutard-Haag
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Laurens
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Tillikete
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM-CNRS-UMR, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christine Tranchant
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lena Damaj
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Cecile Acquaviva
- Department of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon et UMR, Bron, France
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - William Camu
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Riquet
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Victoria Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Samira Sissaoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elsa Kaphan
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Adrian Degardin
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sophie Julia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganaëlle Remerand
- Department of Neonatology, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valerie Fraix
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydia Abou Haidar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Lazaro
- Department of Pediatrics, CH de la Côte Basque-Bayonne, Bayonne, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederic Villega
- Department of Pediatrics, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux; Institute for Interdisciplinary Neurosciences (IINS), CNRS -UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Charlin
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Solène Frismand
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marinha Costa Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ulrike Walther-Louvier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Departement of Pediatrics, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Geneva Children's Hospital, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bieth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sylvain Vergnet
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Federation of Genetics, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHU de Besançon, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lebouc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Phillipe Azulay
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Angelini C, Goizet C, Said SA, Camu W, Depienne C, Heron B, Kol B, Guillaud-Bataille M, Pennamen P, Rooryck C, Scherer-Gagou C, Tissier L, Stevanin G, Leguern E, Banneau G. Evidence of mosaicism in SPAST variant carriers in four French families. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1158-1163. [PMID: 33958741 PMCID: PMC8298572 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are heterogeneous disorders, with more than 70 causative genes. Variants in SPAST are the most frequent genetic etiology and are responsible for spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4). Age at onset can vary, even between patients from the same family, and incomplete penetrance is described. Somatic mosaicism is extremely rare with only three patients reported in the literature. We report here SPAST mosaic variants in four unrelated patients. We confirm that mosaicism in SPAST is a very rare event with only four identified cases on more than 300 patients with a SPAST variant previously described by our clinical diagnostic laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Angelini
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, laboratoire MRGM, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Samia Ait Said
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - William Camu
- Centre de référence SLA, explorations neurologiques, CHU et Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
- Sorbonne université, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U 1127, Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Heron
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-La Roche Guyon, GHUEP, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bophara Kol
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Perrine Pennamen
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, laboratoire MRGM, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1211, laboratoire MRGM, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clarisse Scherer-Gagou
- Centre National de Référence pour les Maladies Neurogénétiques de l'Adulte, Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurène Tissier
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
- Sorbonne université, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U 1127, Paris, France
- Equipe de neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne université, Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U 1127, Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de génétique, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Legrand A, Pujol C, Durand CM, Mesnil A, Rubera I, Duranton C, Zuily S, Sousa AB, Renaud M, Boucher JL, Pietrancosta N, Adham S, Orssaud C, Marelli C, Casali C, Ziccardi L, Villain N, Ewenczyk C, Durr A, Mignot C, Stevanin G, Billon C, Hureaux M, Jeunemaitre X, Goizet C, Albuisson J. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum overlaps hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56. J Intern Med 2021; 289:709-725. [PMID: 33107650 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a recessive disorder involving skin, eyes and arteries, mainly caused by ABCC6 pathogenic variants. However, almost one fifth of patients remain genetically unsolved despite extensive genetic screening of ABCC6, as illustrated in a large French PXE series of 220 cases. We searched for new PXE gene(s) to solve the ABCC6-negative patients. METHODS First, family-based exome sequencing was performed, in one ABCC6-negative PXE patient with additional neurological features, and her relatives. CYP2U1, involved in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56 (SPG56), was selected based on this complex phenotype, and the presence of two candidate variants. Second, CYP2U1 sequencing was performed in a retrospective series of 46 additional ABCC6-negative PXE probands. Third, six additional SPG56 patients were evaluated for PXE skin and eye phenotype. Additionally, plasma pyrophosphate dosage and functional analyses were performed in some of these patients. RESULTS 6.4% of ABCC6-negative PXE patients (n = 3) harboured biallelic pathogenic variants in CYP2U1. PXE skin lesions with histological confirmation, eye lesions including maculopathy or angioid streaks, and various neurological symptoms were present. CYP2U1 missense variants were confirmed to impair protein function. Plasma pyrophosphate levels were normal. Two SPG56 patients (33%) presented some phenotypic overlap with PXE. CONCLUSION CYP2U1 pathogenic variants are found in unsolved PXE patients with neurological findings, including spastic paraplegia, expanding the SPG56 phenotype and highlighting its overlap with PXE. The pathophysiology of ABCC6 and CYP2U1 should be explored to explain their respective role and potential interaction in ectopic mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Legrand
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Pujol
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - C M Durand
- Inserm, U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Univ. Bordeaux; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mesnil
- Département de Génétique AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - I Rubera
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS-UMR 7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LabEx ICST, Nice, France
| | - C Duranton
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS-UMR 7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LabEx ICST, Nice, France
| | - S Zuily
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm UMR_S 1116; CHRU de Nancy, Service de Médecine vasculaire, Centre de Compétences Régional des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Nancy, France
| | - A B Sousa
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Renaud
- CHRU de Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
| | - J L Boucher
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - S Adham
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Orssaud
- Unité fonctionnelle d'ophtalmologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Marelli
- Inserm U1198 MMDN; Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - C Casali
- Department of SBMC, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Ziccardi
- IRCCS- Fondazione Bietti, Neurophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - N Villain
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris, France
| | - C Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - A Durr
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris, France
| | - G Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université; Inserm, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; Institut du Cerveau; PSL research University, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Neurogenetics team, Paris, France
| | - C Billon
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - M Hureaux
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - X Jeunemaitre
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - C Goizet
- Inserm, U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme, Univ. Bordeaux; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Albuisson
- From the, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, AP-HP, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Département de Biologie et Pathologie des Tumeurs, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Giguet-Valard AG, Bellance R, Jeannin S, Duclos S, Olive P, Allard-Saint-Albin O, Cazeneuve C, Clot F, Sophie PV, Barnetche T, Smith-Ravin J, Goizet C. SOD1-related ALS with anticipation in a large family from Martinique. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:545-551. [PMID: 33754899 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disorder that causes degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and their axons. ALS is mostly sporadic, but there are familial forms. In more than half of the familial forms, a pathogenic variant is found in one of the following genes: C9ORF72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS, and VCP. SOD1 is the 2nd most common gene involved in genetic forms of ALS. Genotype-phenotype relationships are occasionally established in genetic forms of ALS associated with SOD1 mutations pathogenic variants. The c.281G > T (p.[G93V]) variant in SOD1 is associated with a rarely described and unexplained anticipation phenomenon. We report a large family from Martinique in whom ALS is associated with a c.281G > T (p.[G93V]) pathogenic variant in SOD1 and a statistically suggested anticipation. A whole-exome study and detection of CNVs (CoDESeq) from 3 affected members of this family revealed the presence of variants of uncertain signification (VUS) in other ALS genes. VUS in DCTN1 and NEFH were present in patients of the 2nd generation, and CNVs involving UBQLN2 and C21orf2 were found in the youngest case of the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Gaelle Giguet-Valard
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Rémi Bellance
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Séverine Jeannin
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Sophie Duclos
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Pascale Olive
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Oriane Allard-Saint-Albin
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- University Hospital Center of Paris, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Clot
- University Hospital Center of Paris, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Barnetche
- Rheumatology Department/FHU ACRONIM/Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Reference Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Juliette Smith-Ravin
- Research group BIOSPHERES/AREBIO, University of Antilles-Campus Schoelcher, Martinique, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases 'Neurogenetic', Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France and.,Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pelletier F, Perrier S, Cayami FK, Mirchi A, Saikali S, Tran LT, Ulrick N, Guerrero K, Rampakakis E, van Spaendonk RML, Naidu S, Pohl D, Gibson WT, Demos M, Goizet C, Tejera-Martin I, Potic A, Fogel BL, Brais B, Sylvain M, Sébire G, Lourenço CM, Bonkowsky JL, Catsman-Berrevoets C, Pinto PS, Tirupathi S, Strømme P, de Grauw T, Gieruszczak-Bialek D, Krägeloh-Mann I, Mierzewska H, Philippi H, Rankin J, Atik T, Banwell B, Benko WS, Blaschek A, Bley A, Boltshauser E, Bratkovic D, Brozova K, Cimas I, Clough C, Corenblum B, Dinopoulos A, Dolan G, Faletra F, Fernandez R, Fletcher J, Garcia Garcia ME, Gasparini P, Gburek-Augustat J, Gonzalez Moron D, Hamati A, Harting I, Hertzberg C, Hill A, Hobson GM, Innes AM, Kauffman M, Kirwin SM, Kluger G, Kolditz P, Kotzaeridou U, La Piana R, Liston E, McClintock W, McEntagart M, McKenzie F, Melançon S, Misbahuddin A, Suri M, Monton FI, Moutton S, Murphy RPJ, Nickel M, Onay H, Orcesi S, Özkınay F, Patzer S, Pedro H, Pekic S, Pineda Marfa M, Pizzino A, Plecko B, Poll-The BT, Popovic V, Rating D, Rioux MF, Rodriguez Espinosa N, Ronan A, Ostergaard JR, Rossignol E, Sanchez-Carpintero R, Schossig A, Senbil N, Sønderberg Roos LK, Stevens CA, Synofzik M, Sztriha L, Tibussek D, Timmann D, Tonduti D, van de Warrenburg BP, Vázquez-López M, Venkateswaran S, Wasling P, Wassmer E, Webster RI, Wiegand G, Yoon G, Rotteveel J, Schiffmann R, van der Knaap MS, Vanderver A, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Polychronakos C, Wolf NI, Bernard G. Endocrine and Growth Abnormalities in 4H Leukodystrophy Caused by Variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, and POLR1C. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e660-e674. [PMID: 33005949 PMCID: PMC7823228 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT 4H or POLR3-related leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, and POLR3K. The endocrine and growth abnormalities associated with this disorder have not been thoroughly investigated to date. OBJECTIVE To systematically characterize endocrine abnormalities of patients with 4H leukodystrophy. DESIGN An international cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients with genetically confirmed 4H leukodystrophy between 2015 and 2016. Endocrine and growth abnormalities were evaluated, and neurological and other non-neurological features were reviewed. Potential genotype/phenotype associations were also investigated. SETTING This was a multicenter retrospective study using information collected from 3 predominant centers. PATIENTS A total of 150 patients with 4H leukodystrophy and pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, or POLR1C were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Variables used to evaluate endocrine and growth abnormalities included pubertal history, hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone, stimulated LH and FSH, stimulated GH, IGF-I, prolactin, ACTH, cortisol, TSH, and T4), and height and head circumference charts. RESULTS The most common endocrine abnormalities were delayed puberty (57/74; 77% overall, 64% in males, 89% in females) and short stature (57/93; 61%), when evaluated according to physician assessment. Abnormal thyroid function was reported in 22% (13/59) of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm pubertal abnormalities and short stature are the most common endocrine features seen in 4H leukodystrophy. However, we noted that endocrine abnormalities are typically underinvestigated in this patient population. A prospective study is required to formulate evidence-based recommendations for management of the endocrine manifestations of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félixe Pelletier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefanie Perrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ferdy K Cayami
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Amytice Mirchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Luan T Tran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Ulrick
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kether Guerrero
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Rosalina M L van Spaendonk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Pohl
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Demos
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital, and Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ingrid Tejera-Martin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Potic
- Department of Neurology, Clinic for Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Sylvain
- Centre Mère Enfant, CHU de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitario Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Coriene Catsman-Berrevoets
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Erasmus University Hospital - Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro S Pinto
- Neuroradiology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandya Tirupathi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Petter Strømme
- Division of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ton de Grauw
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorota Gieruszczak-Bialek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann
- Department of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Heike Philippi
- Center of Developmental Neurology (SPZ Frankfurt Mitte), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Rankin
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Tahir Atik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William S Benko
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Astrid Blaschek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. v. Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Bley
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Klara Brozova
- Department of Child Neurology, Thomayers Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Icíar Cimas
- Department of Neurology, Povisa Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Bernard Corenblum
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Argirios Dinopoulos
- Third Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Janice Fletcher
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Janina Gburek-Augustat
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dolores Gonzalez Moron
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, ADC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aline Hamati
- Department of Child Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Inga Harting
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alan Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Grace M Hobson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcelo Kauffman
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia and CONICET, ADC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susan M Kirwin
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Gerhard Kluger
- PMU Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Petra Kolditz
- Department of Child Neurology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Department of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta La Piana
- Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eriskay Liston
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William McClintock
- Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Serge Melançon
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anjum Misbahuddin
- Essex Centre for Neurological Sciences, Queen’s Hospital, Romford, UK
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fernando I Monton
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Raymond P J Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Miriam Nickel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ferda Özkınay
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Steffi Patzer
- Children’s Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Helio Pedro
- Department of Pediatrics, The Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Sandra Pekic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center, Belgrade & School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Amy Pizzino
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, MetroHealth Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bwee Tien Poll-The
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Popovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dietz Rating
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-France Rioux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke - Hôpital Fleurimont, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Norberto Rodriguez Espinosa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Anne Ronan
- Hunter New England LHD, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Ostergaard
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rocio Sanchez-Carpintero
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Schossig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nesrin Senbil
- Department of Child Neurology, Kırıkkale University Medical Faculty, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Laura K Sønderberg Roos
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Cathy A Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Daniel Tibussek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vázquez-López
- Sección Neuropediatría. Hospital Maternoinfantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sunita Venkateswaran
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pontus Wasling
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Richard I Webster
- T. Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gert Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, Germany
- Neuropediatrics Section of the Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Division of Endocrinology, Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Lab, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Geneviève Bernard, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 boul Décarie, EM02224 (CHHD Mail Drop Point #EM03211 (Cubicle C)), Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Junqua N, Legallois D, Segard S, Lairez O, Réant P, Goizet C, Maillard H, Charron P, Milliez P, Labombarda F. The value of electrocardiogram and echocardiography to distinguish Fabry disease from sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2020.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
26
|
Roux T, Barbier M, Papin M, Davoine CS, Sayah S, Coarelli G, Charles P, Marelli C, Parodi L, Tranchant C, Goizet C, Klebe S, Lohmann E, Van Maldergem L, van Broeckhoven C, Coutelier M, Tesson C, Stevanin G, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Durr A. Correction: Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic characterization of STUB1 variants in cerebellar ataxias: a frequent cause of predominant cognitive impairment. Genet Med 2020; 23:2021. [PMID: 33353973 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Barbier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Papin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Group, Paris, France
| | - Claire-Sophie Davoine
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Group, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Sayah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Genetic Department, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Expert center for Neurogenetic Diseases, Department of Neurology, CHU Gui de Chauliac, MMDN, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Livia Parodi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyril Goizet
- University Bordeaux, Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephan Klebe
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Neurology, Essen, Germany
| | - Ebba Lohmann
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Université de Franche-Comté, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Christine van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Group, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Neurogenetics Group, Paris, France
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duncan AR, Vitobello A, Collins SC, Vancollie VE, Lelliott CJ, Rodan L, Shi J, Seman AR, Agolini E, Novelli A, Prontera P, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Santiago-Sim T, Trimouille A, Goizet C, Nizon M, Bruel AL, Philippe C, Grant PE, Wojcik MH, Stoler J, Genetti CA, van Dooren MF, Maas SM, Alders M, Faivre L, Sorlin A, Yoon G, Yalcin B, Agrawal PB. Heterozygous Variants in KDM4B Lead to Global Developmental Delay and Neuroanatomical Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1170-1177. [PMID: 33232677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM4B is a lysine-specific demethylase with a preferential activity on H3K9 tri/di-methylation (H3K9me3/2)-modified histones. H3K9 tri/di-demethylation is an important epigenetic mechanism responsible for silencing of gene expression in animal development and cancer. However, the role of KDM4B on human development is still poorly characterized. Through international data sharing, we gathered a cohort of nine individuals with mono-allelic de novo or inherited variants in KDM4B. All individuals presented with dysmorphic features and global developmental delay (GDD) with language and motor skills most affected. Three individuals had a history of seizures, and four had anomalies on brain imaging ranging from agenesis of the corpus callosum with hydrocephalus to cystic formations, abnormal hippocampi, and polymicrogyria. In mice, lysine demethylase 4B is expressed during brain development with high levels in the hippocampus, a region important for learning and memory. To understand how KDM4B variants can lead to GDD in humans, we assessed the effect of KDM4B disruption on brain anatomy and behavior through an in vivo heterozygous mouse model (Kdm4b+/-), focusing on neuroanatomical changes. In mutant mice, the total brain volume was significantly reduced with decreased size of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and ventriculomegaly. This report demonstrates that variants in KDM4B are associated with GDD/ intellectual disability and neuroanatomical defects. Our findings suggest that KDM4B variation leads to a chromatinopathy, broadening the spectrum of this group of Mendelian disorders caused by alterations in epigenetic machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Duncan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stephan C Collins
- INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Lance Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ann R Seman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal-Infantile Department, Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Reference Center for Neurogenetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- CHU Nantes, Genetic Medical Department, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patricia E Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marieke F van Dooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Arthur Sorlin
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares », Centre de Génétique, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Grace Yoon
- Divisions of Neurology and Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goizet C. Late-onset presentation of neurometabolic diseases: diagnostic flowchart revisited. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 92:jnnp-2020-324033. [PMID: 33087422 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Goizet
- Reference Center for Rare Neurogenetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux Pellegrin Hospital Group, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
- INSERM U1211, Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, University of Bordeaux, Talence, Aquitaine, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laurens B, Delleci C, Goizet C, Spampinato U, Burbaud P, Guillaud E, Bestaven E, Guehl D. A new phenotype of choreic syndrome associating severe freezing of gait and chorea. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1806-1808. [PMID: 32983500 PMCID: PMC7495783 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The early onset of gait akinesia should not rule out the diagnosis of hereditary chorea. It would be helpful to proceed to a whole-genome and long-read sequencing in order to track a new pathogenic variant including noncoding repeat expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Laurens
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN)Service de NeurologieCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Claire Delleci
- Service de Médecine Physique et RéadaptationCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- MRGMINSERM U1211Université BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Umberto Spampinato
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN)Service de NeurologieCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Neurocentre MagendieUniversité de Bordeaux‐INSERM U1215BordeauxFrance
| | - Pierre Burbaud
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN)Service de NeurologieCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles du Système NerveuxCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Dominique Guehl
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN)Service de NeurologieCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles du Système NerveuxCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Junqua N, Legallois D, Segard S, Lairez O, Réant P, Goizet C, Maillard H, Charron P, Milliez P, Labombarda F. The value of electrocardiography and echocardiography in distinguishing Fabry disease from sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:542-550. [PMID: 32771348 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for Fabry disease is sub-optimal in non-specialised centres. AIM To assess the diagnostic value of electrocardiographic scores of left ventricular hypertrophy and a combined electrocardiographic and echocardiographic model in Fabry disease. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms of 61 patients (mean age 55.6±11.5 years; 57% men) with Fabry disease and left ventricular hypertrophy, and compared them with those from 59 patients (mean age 44.8±18.3 years; 66% men) with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Six electrocardiography criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy were specifically analysed: Sokolow-Lyon voltage index; Cornell voltage index; Gubner index; Romhilt-Estes score; Sokolow-Lyon product (voltage index×QRS duration); and Cornell product (voltage index×QRS duration). RESULTS Right bundle branch block was more frequent in patients with Fabry disease (54% vs. 22%; P=0.001). QRS duration, Gubner score and Sokolow-Lyon product were significantly higher in patients with Fabry disease. Maximal wall thickness was higher in patients with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (21.9±5.1 vs. 15.5±2.9mm; P<0.001). Indexed sinus of Valsalva diameter was larger in patients with Fabry disease. After multivariable analysis, right bundle branch block, Sokolow-Lyon product, maximal wall thickness and aortic diameter were independently associated with Fabry disease. A model including these four variables yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.918 (95% confidence interval 0.868-0.968) for Fabry disease. CONCLUSION Our model combining easy-to-assess electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables may be helpful in improving screening and reducing diagnosis delay in Fabry disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Junqua
- Department of Cardiology, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- Department of Cardiology, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA 4650 (Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique), Medical School, Caen-Normandie University (UNICAEN), Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Segard
- Department of Cardiology, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Department of Cardiology, Rangueil University Hospital, Rangueil Medical School, University Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Réant
- Department of Cardiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, IHU Liryc, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bordeaux University Hospital, Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM Unit 1211, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Maillard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Charron
- Centre de référence pour les maladies cardiaques héréditaires, INSERM UMR_S 1166 and Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paul Milliez
- Department of Cardiology, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA 4650 (Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique), Medical School, Caen-Normandie University (UNICAEN), Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fabien Labombarda
- Department of Cardiology, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France; EA 4650 (Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique), Medical School, Caen-Normandie University (UNICAEN), Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Angelini C, Thibaud M, Aladjidi N, Bessou P, Cabasson S, Colson C, Espil-Taris C, Goizet C, Husson M, Morice-Picard F, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Pédespan JM. Expanding the Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in Cutis Laxa, Autosomal Recessive, Type IIIA. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:245-250. [PMID: 32143220 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutis laxa is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by abundant and wrinkled skin and a variable degree of intellectual disability. Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA and autosomal dominant 3 syndromes are caused by autosomal recessive or de novo pathogenic variants in ALDH18A1. Autosomal recessive variants are known to lead to the most severe neurological phenotype, and very few patients have been described.We describe a 13-month-old patient with cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA, with an extremely severe phenotype, including novel neurological findings. This description enlarges the neurological spectrum associated to cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IIIA, and provides an additional description of this syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Angelini
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux and Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Thibaud
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Aladjidi
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, CIC1401, INSERM CICP, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de référence national des cytopénies auto-immunes de l'enfant (CEREVANCE), University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Bessou
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Cindy Colson
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Department of Genetics, EA7450 BioTARGen, Caen, France
| | | | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux and Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Husson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau, Service de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital La Timone Enfants, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,CRB-TAC, Centre de ressources biologiques de l'AP-HM, Hôpital La Timone Enfants, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Markus F, Angelini C, Trimouille A, Rudolf G, Lesca G, Goizet C, Lasseaux E, Arveiler B, van Slegtenhorst M, Brooks AS, Abou Jamra R, Korenke GC, Neidhardt J, Owczarek-Lipska M. Rare variants in the GABA A receptor subunit ε identified in patients with a wide spectrum of epileptic phenotypes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1388. [PMID: 32588540 PMCID: PMC7507344 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy belongs to a group of chronic and highly heterogeneous brain disorders. Many types of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes are caused by genetic factors. The neural amino acid y‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It regulates activity of channel pores by binding to transmembrane GABA‐receptors (GABRs). The GABRs are heteropentamers assembled from different receptor subunits (α1‐6, β1‐3, γ1‐3, δ, ε, θ, π, and ρ1‐3). Several epileptic disorders are caused by mutations in genes encoding single GABRs. Methods We applied trio‐ and single‐whole exome sequencing to search for genetic sequence variants associated with a wide range of epileptic phenotypes accompanied by intellectual disability and/or global developmental delay in the investigated patients. Results We identified four hemizygous sequence variants in the GABAA receptor subunit ε gene (GABRE), including one nonsense (NM_004961.3: c.399C>A, p.Tyr133*), two missense variants (NM_004961.3: c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys; NM_004961.3: c.1045G>A, p.Val349Ile), and one variant affecting the translation initiation codon (NM_004961.3: c.1A>G, p.Met1?) in four unrelated families. Conclusion Our clinical and molecular genetic findings suggest that GABRE is a likely candidate gene for epilepsy. Nevertheless, functional studies are necessary to better understand pathogenicity of the GABRE‐mutations and their associations with epileptic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenja Markus
- Junior Research Group, Genetics of Childhood Brain Malformations, Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Human Genetics, Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chloé Angelini
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- CNRS U7104, INSERM U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Service de Neurologie, Centre de Références des Maladies Neurogénétique Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Genetics department, Lyon University Hospital and University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS U7104, INSERM U1258, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Eulalie Lasseaux
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - John Neidhardt
- Human Genetics, Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Junior Research Group, Genetics of Childhood Brain Malformations, Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Human Genetics, Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Charif M, Chevrollier A, Gueguen N, Bris C, Goudenège D, Desquiret-Dumas V, Leruez S, Colin E, Meunier A, Vignal C, Smirnov V, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Drumare Bouvet I, Goizet C, Votruba M, Jurkute N, Yu-Wai-Man P, Tagliavini F, Caporali L, La Morgia C, Carelli V, Procaccio V, Zanlonghi X, Meunier I, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Amati-Bonneau P, Lenaers G. Mutations in the m-AAA proteases AFG3L2 and SPG7 are causing isolated dominant optic atrophy. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e428. [PMID: 32548275 PMCID: PMC7251510 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the genetic diagnosis of dominant optic atrophy (DOA), the most frequently inherited optic nerve disease, and infer genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Exonic sequences of 22 genes were screened by new-generation sequencing in patients with DOA who were investigated for ophthalmology, neurology, and brain MRI. RESULTS We identified 7 and 8 new heterozygous pathogenic variants in SPG7 and AFG3L2. Both genes encode for mitochondrial matricial AAA (m-AAA) proteases, initially involved in recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (HSP7) and dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28), respectively. Notably, variants in AFG3L2 that result in DOA are located in different domains to those reported in SCA28, which likely explains the lack of clinical overlap between these 2 phenotypic manifestations. In comparison, the SPG7 variants identified in DOA are interspersed among those responsible for HSP7 in which optic neuropathy has previously been reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results position SPG7 and AFG3L2 as candidate genes to be screened in DOA and indicate that regulation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and maturation by m-AAA proteases are crucial for the maintenance of optic nerve physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majida Charif
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Bris
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Leruez
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Meunier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Vignal
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasily Smirnov
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Drumare Bouvet
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcela Votruba
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca Tagliavini
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Valerio Carelli
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Zanlonghi
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team (M.C., A.C., C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., S.L., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B., G.L.), UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Angers University and Hospital; Genetics and immuno-cell therapy Team (M.C.), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco; Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics (C.B., D.G., V.D.-D., E.C., V.P., P.R., D.B., P.A.-B.), University Hospital Angers; Department of Ophthalmology (A.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroophthalmology Department (C.V.), Rothschild Ophthalmologic Foundation, Paris; Exploration of Visual Function and Neuro-Ophthalmology Department (V.S., S.D.-D., I.D.B.), Lille University Hospital, Rue Emilie Laine, Lille Cedex; CHU Bordeaux (C.G.), Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence « Neurogénétique » and Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U 1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM) Bordeaux; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences (M.V.), Cardiff University and Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (N.J., P.Y.-W.-M.), London; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge; Cambridge Eye Unit (P.Y.-W.-M.), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (F.T., L.C., C.L.M., V.C.), Bellaria Hospital; Unit of Neurology (C.L.M., V.C.), Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Italy; Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares (X.Z.), Clinique Pluridisciplinaire Jules Verne, Nantes; and National Centre in Rare Diseases (I.M.), Genetics of Sensory Diseases, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Réant P, Testet E, Reynaud A, Bourque C, Michaud M, Rooryck C, Goizet C, Lacombe D, de-Précigout V, Peyrou J, Cochet H, Lafitte S. Characterization of Fabry Disease cardiac involvement according to longitudinal strain, cardiometabolic exercise test, and T1 mapping. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 36:1333-1342. [PMID: 32385539 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-01823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In Anderson-Fabry disease (FD), we sought to evaluate relation between left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, longitudinal strain (LS), myocardial T1 mapping and cardiopulmonary exercise parameters, and their prognostic value in term of cardiovascular outcomes. In this prospective, observational, monocentric study called "FABRY-Image", we evaluated consecutive adult FD patients by echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. We investigated regional LS, the relations between LV hypertrophy, LS, T1 mapping, and VO2 peak and VE/VCO2, and the prediction of cardiovascular events during follow-up. From 2016 to 2019, we included 35 FD patients (44 ± 17 years, 40% male), that were compared with 20 controls. In FD patients, global, basal and mid-LV LS, as well as mean T1 were significantly altered compared to controls (p < 0.05) with relative apical LS sparing. LV wall thickness was particularly related to mean of basal LS (r = - 0.73), to T1 (r = - 0.48), and to VE/VCO2 (r = 0.45). Mean of basal LS was well related to myocardial T1 (r = 0.59). A good relation was observed between VO2 peak and global LS (r = 0.39) while VE/VCO2 slope was more related to maximal LV wall thickness (r = 0.45), and T1 (r = - 0.61). During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, 6/31 patients presented de novo atrial fibrillation or stroke. In Cox univariate analyses, LV wall thickness, basal LS, T1 value, and VE/VCO2 were significantly predictive of occurrence of de novo atrial fibrillation or stroke (p < 0.05). Our study shows an apical LS sparing in FD patients as observed in amyloidosis, and a close relation between LV hypertrophy, LS, T1 mapping, and VE/VCO2 which are all associated to the occurrence of de novo atrial fibrillation or TIA/stroke during follow-up. These results need to be confirmed by future multicentric studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Réant
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
- IHU Lyric, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France.
- CIC 1401, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France.
- INSERM 1045, Bordeaux, France.
- Hopital Cardiologique Haut-Leveque, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France.
| | - Emilie Testet
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amélie Reynaud
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- CIC 1401, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
| | - Catherine Bourque
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Matthieu Michaud
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- IHU Lyric, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
- INSERM 1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM 1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM 1211, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jérôme Peyrou
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- IHU Lyric, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Lafitte
- Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- IHU Lyric, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
- CIC 1401, 33600, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chevarin M, Duffourd Y, A Barnard R, Moutton S, Lecoquierre F, Daoud F, Kuentz P, Cabret C, Thevenon J, Gautier E, Callier P, St-Onge J, Jouan T, Lacombe D, Delrue MA, Goizet C, Morice-Picard F, Van-Gils J, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Baujat G, Holder M, Petit F, Leheup B, Odent S, Jouk PS, Lopez G, Geneviève D, Collignon P, Martin-Coignard D, Jacquette A, Perrin L, Putoux A, Sarrazin E, Amarof K, Missotte I, Coubes C, Jagadeesh S, Lapi E, Demurger F, Goldenberg A, Doco-Fenzy M, Mignot C, Héron D, Jean-Marçais N, Masurel A, El Chehadeh S, Marle N, Huet F, Binquet C, Collod-Beroud G, Arnaud P, Hanna N, Boileau C, Jondeau G, Olaso R, Lechner D, Poe C, Assoum M, Carmignac V, Duplomb L, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Vitobello A, Bruel AL, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Thauvin-Robinet C, Rivière JB, O'Roak BJ, Faivre L. Excess of de novo variants in genes involved in chromatin remodelling in patients with marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability. J Med Genet 2020; 57:466-474. [PMID: 32277047 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marfanoid habitus (MH) combined with intellectual disability (ID) (MHID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous presentation. The combination of array CGH and targeted sequencing of genes responsible for Marfan or Lujan-Fryns syndrome explain no more than 20% of subjects. METHODS To further decipher the genetic basis of MHID, we performed exome sequencing on a combination of trio-based (33 subjects) or single probands (31 subjects), of which 61 were sporadic. RESULTS We identified eight genes with de novo variants (DNVs) in at least two unrelated individuals (ARID1B, ATP1A1, DLG4, EHMT1, NFIX, NSD1, NUP205 and ZEB2). Using simulation models, we showed that five genes (DLG4, NFIX, EHMT1, ZEB2 and ATP1A1) met conservative Bonferroni genomewide significance for an excess of the observed de novo point variants. Overall, at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 54.7% of subjects (35/64). These variants fell within 27 genes previously associated with Mendelian disorders, including NSD1 and NFIX, which are known to be mutated in overgrowth syndromes. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that DNVs were enriched in chromatin remodelling (p=2×10-4) and genes regulated by the fragile X mental retardation protein (p=3×10-8), highlighting overlapping genetic mechanisms between MHID and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chevarin
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Rebecca A Barnard
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Fatma Daoud
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Cabret
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Callier
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Thibaud Jouan
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Ange Delrue
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Holder
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gipsy Lopez
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Languedoc Roussillon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Collignon
- Centre de Compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Est, CHI de Toulon - La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Dominique Martin-Coignard
- Centre de compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Aurélia Jacquette
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Ile de France, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Sarrazin
- Centre de Référence Caribéen des Maladies Rares Neurologiques et Neuromusculaires, CHU de Fort de France, Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, La Martinique, France
| | - Khadija Amarof
- Centre de Référence Caribéen des Maladies Rares Neurologiques et Neuromusculaires, CHU de Fort de France, Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, La Martinique, France
| | - Isabelle Missotte
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Languedoc Roussillon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Elisabetta Lapi
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Anna Meyer, Firenze, Italia
| | | | - Alice Goldenberg
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- EA3801, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et service de génétique, CHU Reims et UFR de médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Masurel
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Marle
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Huet
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Service de Pédiatrie 1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Binquet
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Pauline Arnaud
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Hanna
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Doris Lechner
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Charlotte Poe
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Mirna Assoum
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Déficience intellectuelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France .,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Déficience intellectuelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Boussion S, Escande F, Jourdain AS, Smol T, Brunelle P, Duhamel C, Alembik Y, Attié-Bitach T, Baujat G, Bazin A, Bonnière M, Carassou P, Carles D, Devisme L, Goizet C, Goldenberg A, Grotto S, Guichet A, Jouk PS, Loeuillet L, Mechler C, Michot C, Pelluard F, Putoux A, Whalen S, Ghoumid J, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Petit F. TAR syndrome: Clinical and molecular characterization of a cohort of 26 patients and description of novel noncoding variants of RBM8A. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1220-1225. [PMID: 32227665 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is characterized by radial defect and neonatal thrombocytopenia. It is caused by biallelic variants of RBM8A gene (1q21.1) with the association of a null allele and a hypomorphic noncoding variant. RBM8A encodes Y14, a core protein of the exon junction complex involved in messenger RNA maturation. To date, only two hypomorphic variants have been identified. We report on a cohort of 26 patients affected with TAR syndrome and carrying biallelic variants in RBM8A. Half patients carried a 1q21.1 deletion and one of the two known hypomorphic variants. Four novel noncoding variants of RBM8A were identified in the remaining patients. We developed experimental models enabling their functional characterization in vitro. Two variants, located respectively in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and 3'-UTR regions, are responsible for a diminished expression whereas two intronic variants alter splicing. Our results bring new insights into the molecular knowledge of TAR syndrome and enabled us to propose genetic counseling for patients' families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boussion
- Clinical Genetics Department, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Fabienne Escande
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jourdain
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Perrine Brunelle
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Yves Alembik
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetics Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM UMR, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bazin
- Antenatal Diagnosis Department, René Dubois Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Maryse Bonnière
- Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetics Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Louise Devisme
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
- Anatomo-Pathology Institute, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Bordeaux, MRGM Laboratory, INSERM, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Genetics Department, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Sarah Grotto
- Genetics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Mechler
- Foetopathology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Michot
- Clinical Genetics Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, INSERM UMR, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- INSERM U1053-UMR BaRITOn, Foetopathology Department, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- GENDEV Team, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Clinical Genetics, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Clinical Genetics Department, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanu
- Clinical Genetics Department, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinical Genetics Department, Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- EA7364-RADEME, Lille University, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Valard-Giguet AG, Véronique-Baudin J, Duffourd Y, Inamo J, Goizet C, Bellance R, Smith-Ravin J. Capacity building in clinical and molecular characterization of rare neurodegenerative diseases through the development of a local register and improved use of bioinformatics data analysis in Martinique. Journal of Global Health Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.11877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Gaelle Valard-Giguet
- Caribbean Reference Center for Rare Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (CERCA) – Fort-de-France University Hospital Center, Martinique
| | - Jacqueline Véronique-Baudin
- Caribbean Reference Center for Rare Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (CERCA) – Fort-de-France University Hospital Center, Martinique
| | | | - Jocelyn Inamo
- Caribbean Reference Center for Rare Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (CERCA) – Fort-de-France University Hospital Center, Martinique
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Neurogenetics Department - Bordeaux University Hospital Center, France
| | - Rémi Bellance
- Caribbean Reference Center for Rare Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (CERCA) – Fort-de-France University Hospital Center, Martinique
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Masingue M, Dufour L, Lenglet T, Saleille L, Goizet C, Ayrignac X, Ory-Magne F, Barth M, Lamari F, Mandia D, Caillaud C, Nadjar Y. Natural History of Adult Patients with GM2 Gangliosidosis. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:609-617. [PMID: 31995250 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GM2 gangliosidoses are lysosomal diseases due to biallelic mutations in the HEXA (Tay-Sachs disease [TS]) or HEXB (Sandhoff disease [SD]) genes, with subsequent low hexosaminidase(s) activity. Most patients have childhood onset, but some experience the first symptoms during adolescence/adulthood. This study aims to clarify the natural history of adult patients with GM2 gangliosidosis. METHODS We retrospectively described 12 patients from a French cohort and 45 patients from the literature. RESULTS We observed 4 typical presentations: (1) lower motoneuron disorder responsible for proximal lower limb weakness that subsequently expanded to the upper limbs, (2) cerebellar ataxia, (3) psychosis and/or severe mood disorder (only in the TS patients), and (4) a complex phenotype mixing the above 3 manifestations. The psoas was the first and most affected muscle in the lower limbs, whereas the triceps and interosseous were predominantly involved in the upper limbs. A longitudinal study of compound motor action potentials showed a progressive decrease in all nerves, with different kinetics. Sensory potentials were sometimes abnormally low, mainly in the SD patients. The main brain magnetic resonance imaging feature was cerebellar atrophy, even in patients without cerebellar symptoms. The prognosis was mainly related to gait disorder, as we showed that beyond 20 years of disease evolution, half of the patients were wheelchair users. INTERPRETATION Improved knowledge of GM2 gangliosidosis in adults will help clinicians achieve correct diagnoses and better inform patients on the evolution and prognosis. It may also contribute to defining proper outcome measures when testing emerging therapies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:609-617.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Masingue
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Louis Dufour
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Neuro-Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Timothée Lenglet
- Department of Neurophysiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris.,Department of Neurology, Reference Center for ALS Rare Disease, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Lisa Saleille
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Neuro-Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Reference Center for Rare "Neurogenetic" Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Bordeaux.,Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1211, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Adult Leukodystrophies, Montpellier University Hospital Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Brain Imaging and Neurological Disabilities, Mixed Unit of Research 1214, Toulouse
| | - Magali Barth
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Neurogenetic Diseases, University Hospital Angers, Angers
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Biochemistry of Neurometabolic Diseases Functional Units, Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Daniele Mandia
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Neuro-Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Biochemical, Metabolomic, and Proteomic Department, Necker University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris.,National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1151, Necker University Hospital Group, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Neuro-Genetic and Metabolism Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Group (Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)), Paris
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bakis H, Trimouille A, Vermorel A, Redonnet I, Goizet C, Boulestreau R, Lacombe D, Combe C, Martin-Négrier ML, Rigothier C. Adult onset tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in MT-ND5-related phenotypes. Clin Genet 2020; 97:628-633. [PMID: 31713837 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney is a highly adenosine triphosphate dependent organ in human body. Healthy and functional mitochondria are essential for normal kidney function. Clinical and genetic variability are the hallmarks of mitochondrial disorders. We report here the involvement of two MT-ND5 pathogenic variants encoding for ND5 subunit of respiratory chain complex I, the m.13513G>A and the m.13514A>G, in adult-onset kidney disease in three unrelated patients. The first patient had myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and tubulo-interstitial kidney disease. The second presented Leber hereditary optic neuropathy associated with tubulo-interstitial kidney disease. The third presented with an isolated chronic tubulo-interstitial kidney disease. These mutations have never been associated with adulthood mitochondrial nephropathy. These case reports highlight the importance to consider mitochondrial dysfunction in tubulo-interstitial kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bakis
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse et Aphérèses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Service de Génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,lNSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agathe Vermorel
- Service de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Redonnet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies mitochondriales de l'enfant à l'adulte (CARAMMEL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,lNSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies mitochondriales de l'enfant à l'adulte (CARAMMEL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,lNSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Boulestreau
- Service de Cardiologie et d'Hypertension Artérielle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies mitochondriales de l'enfant à l'adulte (CARAMMEL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,lNSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse et Aphérèses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Négrier
- Service de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de référence pour les maladies mitochondriales de l'enfant à l'adulte (CARAMMEL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Rigothier
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse et Aphérèses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Tissue Bioengineering, U1026, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Prudhomme L, Delleci C, Trimouille A, Chateil JF, Prodhomme O, Goizet C, Van Gils J. Severe Thoracic and Spinal Bone Abnormalities in neurofibromatosis type 1. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103815. [PMID: 31783133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant, multi-system, neurocutaneous disorder that predisposes to the development of benign and malignant tumors. Classical skeletal abnormalities encompass sphenoid wing dysplasia, congenital bowing of the long bones and vertebral osteopathy associated with non-dystrophic or dystrophic scoliosis found in about 10% of NF1 patients. We report a 17-year-old boy affected by NF1 with extreme severe spinal and thoracic malformations affecting bone and lung tissues, including hypoplasia of the right lung, unilateral costal agenesis and severe dystrophic scoliosis characterized by association of hemivertebra, fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies and defective pedicles. At birth, he presented an acute respiratory distress requiring invasive ventilator support. The diagnosis of NF1 was confirmed at age 5 by the identification of a de novo heterozygous mutation c.4537C > T, p.Arg1513* in NF1. Trio-based Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed to exclude coexistence of a second hit but no clearly other pathogenic variant has been identified. Until now, only one similar NF1 patient suffering from the same association of severe scoliosis and chest deformity leading to respiratory insufficiency was described. The severe prenatal NF1-related scoliosis could explain the lung abnormal development by absence of mechanical constraints. Severe Thoracic and Spinal Bone Abnormalities may be part of the NF1 bone phenotype and should be taken into account to allow adequate genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Prudhomme
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, et laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Delleci
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU, Bordeaux, France; Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux & EA 4136 HACS (handicap Activité Cognition Santé), Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - A Trimouille
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, et laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J F Chateil
- Service d'imagerie antenatale, de l'enfant et de la femme Univ. Bordeaux, RMSB UMR 5536, France
| | - O Prodhomme
- Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique CHU Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - C Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, et laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Van Gils
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, et laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gauquelin L, Cayami FK, Sztriha L, Yoon G, Tran LT, Guerrero K, Hocke F, van Spaendonk RML, Fung EL, D'Arrigo S, Vasco G, Thiffault I, Niyazov DM, Person R, Lewis KS, Wassmer E, Prescott T, Fallon P, McEntagart M, Rankin J, Webster R, Philippi H, van de Warrenburg B, Timmann D, Dixit A, Searle C, Thakur N, Kruer MC, Sharma S, Vanderver A, Tonduti D, van der Knaap MS, Bertini E, Goizet C, Fribourg S, Wolf NI, Bernard G. Clinical spectrum of POLR3-related leukodystrophy caused by biallelic POLR1C pathogenic variants. Neurol Genet 2019; 5:e369. [PMID: 32042905 PMCID: PMC6927361 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the clinical, radiologic, and molecular characteristics of RNA polymerase III-related leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD) caused by biallelic POLR1C pathogenic variants. Methods A cross-sectional observational study involving 25 centers worldwide was conducted. Clinical and molecular information was collected on 23 unreported and previously reported patients with POLR3-HLD and biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR1C. Brain MRI studies were reviewed. Results Fourteen female and 9 male patients aged 7 days to 23 years were included in the study. Most participants presented early in life (birth to 6 years), and motor deterioration was seen during childhood. A notable proportion of patients required a wheelchair before adolescence, suggesting a more severe phenotype than previously described in POLR3-HLD. Dental, ocular, and endocrine features were not invariably present (70%, 50%, and 50%, respectively). Five patients (22%) had a combination of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and abnormal craniofacial development, including 1 individual with clear Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) features. Brain MRI revealed hypomyelination in all cases, often with areas of pronounced T2 hyperintensity corresponding to T1 hypointensity of the white matter. Twenty-nine different pathogenic variants (including 12 new disease-causing variants) in POLR1C were identified. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive description of POLR3-HLD caused by biallelic POLR1C pathogenic variants based on the largest cohort of patients to date. These results suggest distinct characteristics of POLR1C-related disorder, with a spectrum of clinical involvement characterized by hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with or without abnormal craniofacial development reminiscent of TCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Gauquelin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ferdy K Cayami
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - László Sztriha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luan T Tran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kether Guerrero
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Hocke
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rosalina M L van Spaendonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eva L Fung
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dmitriy M Niyazov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Person
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kara Stuart Lewis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Trine Prescott
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Penny Fallon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia Rankin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Webster
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Heike Philippi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claire Searle
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Nivedita Thakur
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Fribourg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (L.G., L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and Division of Neurology (L.G., G.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Child Neurology (F.K.C., M.S.V.D.K., N.I.W.), Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics (F.K.C., R.M.V.S.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics (F.K.C.), Center for Biomedical Research, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pediatrics (L.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Child Health and Human Development Program (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine (L.T.T., K.G., G.B.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Centre de Référence Neurogénétique (F.H., C.G.), Service de Génétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Pediatrics (E.L.F.), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Developmental Neurology Department (S.D.A.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department (G.V.), Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (I.T.), Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (I.T.), Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics (D.M.N.), Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner for Children, New Orleans, LA; GeneDx (R.P.), Gaithersburg, MD; Division of Neurology (K.S.L.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Pediatric Neurology (E.W.), Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics (T.P.), Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway; Department of Paediatric Neurology (P.F.), St Georges University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Service (M.M.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Genetics Department (J.R.), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.W.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Center of Developmental Neurology (H.P.), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.V.D.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Clinical Genetics (A.D., C.S.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Wellcome Sanger Institute (DDD Study), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics (N.T.), Division of Child Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Movement Disorders Center and Neurogenetics Research Program (M.C.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ; Program in Neuroscience (M.C.K.), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurology (S.S.), Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India; Division of Neurology (A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Child Neurology (D.T.), Neurological Institute C. Besta Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.V.D.K.), VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (E.B.), Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux (S.F.), INSERM U1212, CNRS 5320, Bordeaux, France; and Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cassereau J, Chevrollier A, Codron P, Goizet C, Gueguen N, Verny C, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Lenaers G, Procaccio V. Oxidative stress contributes differentially to the pathophysiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2K. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113069. [PMID: 31655048 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common inherited peripheral neuropathy. The CMT2K axonal form is associated with GDAP1 dominant mutations, which according to the affected domain cause a gradient of severity. Indeed, the p.C240Y mutation, located within GDAP1 glutathione S-transferase (GST) domain and associated to a mitochondrial complex I defect, is related to a faster disease progression, compared to other mutations, such as the p.R120W located outside the GST domain. Here, we analysed the pathophysiology of six CMT2K fibroblast cell lines, carrying either the p.C240Y or p.R120W mutations. We show that complex I deficiency leads to a redox potential alteration and a significant reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, a major deacetylase sensitive to the cellular redox state, and NRF1 the downstream target of SIRT1. In addition, we disclosed that the p.C240Y mutation is associated with a greater mitochondrial oxidative stress than the p.R120W mutation. Moreover, complex I activity is further restored in CMT2K mutant cell lines exposed to resveratrol. Together, these results suggest that the reduction of oxidative stress may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for CMT2K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cassereau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France.
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Pellegrin, University Hospital of Bordeaux and Laboratoire, MRGM, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Christophe Verny
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Louvrier C, Pasmant E, Briand-Suleau A, Cohen J, Nitschké P, Nectoux J, Orhant L, Zordan C, Goizet C, Goutagny S, Lallemand D, Vidaud M, Vidaud D, Kalamarides M, Parfait B. Targeted next-generation sequencing for differential diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2, schwannomatosis, and meningiomatosis. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:917-929. [PMID: 29409008 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical overlap between neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), schwannomatosis, and meningiomatosis can make clinical diagnosis difficult. Hence, molecular investigation of germline and tumor tissues may improve the diagnosis. Methods We present the targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of NF2, SMARCB1, LZTR1, SMARCE1, and SUFU tumor suppressor genes, using an amplicon-based approach. We analyzed blood DNA from a cohort of 196 patients, including patients with NF2 (N = 79), schwannomatosis (N = 40), meningiomatosis (N = 12), and no clearly established diagnosis (N = 65). Matched tumor DNA was analyzed when available. Forty-seven NF2-/SMARCB1-negative schwannomatosis patients and 27 NF2-negative meningiomatosis patients were also evaluated. Results A NF2 variant was found in 41/79 (52%) NF2 patients. SMARCB1 or LZTR1 variants were identified in 5/40 (12.5%) and 13/40 (∼32%) patients in the schwannomatosis cohort. Potentially pathogenic variants were found in 12/65 (18.5%) patients with no clearly established diagnosis. A LZTR1 variant was identified in 16/47 (34%) NF2/SMARCB1-negative schwannomatosis patients. A SMARCE1 variant was found in 3/39 (∼8%) meningiomatosis patients. No SUFU variant was found in the cohort. NGS was an effective and sensitive method to detect mutant alleles in blood or tumor DNA of mosaic NF2 patients. Interestingly, we identified a 4-hit mechanism resulting in the complete NF2 loss-of-function combined with SMARCB1 and LZTR1 haploinsufficiency in two-thirds of tumors from NF2 patients. Conclusions Simultaneous investigation of NF2, SMARCB1, LZTR1, and SMARCE1 is a key element in the differential diagnosis of NF2, schwannomatosis, and meningiomatosis. The targeted NGS strategy is suitable for the identification of NF2 mosaicism in blood and for the investigation of tumors from these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Louvrier
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Briand-Suleau
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Orhant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Zordan
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Goutagny
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Dominique Lallemand
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Coutelier M, Hammer MB, Stevanin G, Monin ML, Davoine CS, Mochel F, Labauge P, Ewenczyk C, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Hannequin D, Melki J, Toutain A, Laugel V, Forlani S, Charles P, Broussolle E, Thobois S, Afenjar A, Anheim M, Calvas P, Castelnovo G, de Broucker T, Vidailhet M, Moulignier A, Ghnassia RT, Tallaksen C, Mignot C, Goizet C, Le Ber I, Ollagnon-Roman E, Pouget J, Brice A, Singleton A, Durr A. Efficacy of Exome-Targeted Capture Sequencing to Detect Mutations in Known Cerebellar Ataxia Genes. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:591-599. [PMID: 29482223 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.5121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Importance Molecular diagnosis is difficult to achieve in disease groups with a highly heterogeneous genetic background, such as cerebellar ataxia (CA). In many patients, candidate gene sequencing or focused resequencing arrays do not allow investigators to reach a genetic conclusion. Objectives To assess the efficacy of exome-targeted capture sequencing to detect mutations in genes broadly linked to CA in a large cohort of undiagnosed patients and to investigate their prevalence. Design, Setting, and Participants Three hundred nineteen index patients with CA and without a history of dominant transmission were included in the this cohort study by the Spastic Paraplegia and Ataxia Network. Centralized storage was in the DNA and cell bank of the Brain and Spine Institute, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. Patients were classified into 6 clinical groups, with the largest being those with spastic ataxia (ie, CA with pyramidal signs [n = 100]). Sequencing was performed from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2016. Detected variants were classified as very probably or definitely causative, possibly causative, or of unknown significance based on genetic evidence and genotype-phenotype considerations. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of variants in genes broadly linked to CA, classified in pathogenicity groups. Results The 319 included patients had equal sex distribution (160 female [50.2%] and 159 male patients [49.8%]; mean [SD] age at onset, 27.9 [18.6] years). The age at onset was younger than 25 years for 131 of 298 patients (44.0%) with complete clinical information. Consanguinity was present in 101 of 298 (33.9%). Very probable or definite diagnoses were achieved for 72 patients (22.6%), with an additional 19 (6.0%) harboring possibly pathogenic variants. The most frequently mutated genes were SPG7 (n = 14), SACS (n = 8), SETX (n = 7), SYNE1 (n = 6), and CACNA1A (n = 6). The highest diagnostic rate was obtained for patients with an autosomal recessive CA with oculomotor apraxia-like phenotype (6 of 17 [35.3%]) or spastic ataxia (35 of 100 [35.0%]) and patients with onset before 25 years of age (41 of 131 [31.3%]). Peculiar phenotypes were reported for patients carrying KCND3 or ERCC5 variants. Conclusions and Relevance Exome capture followed by targeted analysis allows the molecular diagnosis in patients with highly heterogeneous mendelian disorders, such as CA, without prior assumption of the inheritance mode or causative gene. Being commonly available without specific design need, this procedure allows testing of a broader range of genes, consequently describing less classic phenotype-genotype correlations, and post hoc reanalysis of data as new genes are implicated in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coutelier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Monia B Hammer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Claire-Sophie Davoine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Service de Génétique, Service de Neurologie, INSERM U1079, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Judith Melki
- UMR 1169, INSERM and University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Medical Genetics Unit, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Corbeil Essonnes, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, INSERM U930, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Service de Neurologie C, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard-Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Service de Génétique et Centre de Référence Pour les Malformations et les Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS-UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thomas de Broucker
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Moulignier
- Service de Neurologie, Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | | | - Chantal Tallaksen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,currently affiliated with Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital; and Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique and Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares, Génétique et Métabolisme, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Pouget
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1127, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7225, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1127, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Renaud M, Moreira MC, Ben Monga B, Rodriguez D, Debs R, Charles P, Chaouch M, Ferrat F, Laurencin C, Vercueil L, Mallaret M, M'Zahem A, Pacha LA, Tazir M, Tilikete C, Ollagnon E, Ochsner F, Kuntzer T, Jung HH, Beis JM, Netter JC, Djamshidian A, Bower M, Bottani A, Walsh R, Murphy S, Reiley T, Bieth É, Roelens F, Poll-The BT, Lourenço CM, Jardim LB, Straussberg R, Landrieu P, Roze E, Thobois S, Pouget J, Guissart C, Goizet C, Dürr A, Tranchant C, Koenig M, Anheim M. Clinical, Biomarker, and Molecular Delineations and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of Ataxia With Oculomotor Apraxia Type 1. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:495-502. [PMID: 29356829 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to mutations in the aprataxin gene (APTX) that is characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, axonal motor neuropathy, and eventual decrease of albumin serum levels. Objectives To improve the clinical, biomarker, and molecular delineation of AOA1 and provide genotype-phenotype correlations. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective analysis included the clinical, biological (especially regarding biomarkers of the disease), electrophysiologic, imaging, and molecular data of all patients consecutively diagnosed with AOA1 in a single genetics laboratory from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2014. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2015, through January 31, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The clinical, biological, and molecular spectrum of AOA1 and genotype-phenotype correlations. Results The diagnosis of AOA1 was confirmed in 80 patients (46 men [58%] and 34 women [42%]; mean [SD] age at onset, 7.7 [7.4] years) from 51 families, including 57 new (with 8 new mutations) and 23 previously described patients. Elevated levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) were found in 33 patients (41%); hypoalbuminemia, in 50 (63%). Median AFP level was higher in patients with AOA1 (6.0 ng/mL; range, 1.1-17.0 ng/mL) than in patients without ataxia (3.4 ng/mL; range, 0.8-17.2 ng/mL; P < .01). Decreased albumin levels (ρ = -0.532) and elevated AFP levels (ρ = 0.637) were correlated with disease duration. The p.Trp279* mutation, initially reported as restricted to the Portuguese founder haplotype, was discovered in 53 patients with AOA1 (66%) with broad white racial origins. Oculomotor apraxia was found in 49 patients (61%); polyneuropathy, in 74 (93%); and cerebellar atrophy, in 78 (98%). Oculomotor apraxia correlated with the severity of ataxia and mutation type, being more frequent with deletion or truncating mutations (83%) than with presence of at least 1 missense variant (17%; P < .01). Mean (SD) age at onset was higher for patients with at least 1 missense mutation (17.7 [11.4] vs 5.2 [2.6] years; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance The AFP level, slightly elevated in a substantial fraction of patients, may constitute a new biomarker for AOA1. Oculomotor apraxia may be an optional finding in AOA1 and correlates with more severe disease. The p.Trp279* mutation is the most frequent APTX mutation in the white population. APTX missense mutations may be associated with a milder phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Renaud
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)-U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité Mixte de Recherché (UMR) 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria-Céu Moreira
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)-U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité Mixte de Recherché (UMR) 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bondo Ben Monga
- Faculté de Médecine et Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Neurogénétique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Groupe de Recherch Clinique ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Universités, l'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris, France.,Neuroprotection du Cerveau en Développement, INSERM U1141, Paris, France
| | - Rabab Debs
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Malika Chaouch
- Service de Neurologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Spécialisé, Algers, Algeria
| | - Farida Ferrat
- Service de Neurologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Spécialisé de Ben Aknoun, Algers, Algeria
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- Service de Neurologie C, Hopital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Vercueil
- Exploration Fonctionnelle du Système Nerveux, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Neurologie et Rééducation Neurologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Bâtiment Edmond J. Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, La Tronche, France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Exploration Fonctionnelle du Système Nerveux, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Neurologie et Rééducation Neurologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Meriem Tazir
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Mustapha, Algers, Algeria
| | - Caroline Tilikete
- Service de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Neurologique, CHU Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | | | | | - Hans H Jung
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marie Beis
- Institut Régional de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre de Lay-Saint-Christophe, France
| | | | - Atbin Djamshidian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mattew Bower
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Armand Bottani
- Service de Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Richard Walsh
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Ataxia Clinic, Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Murphy
- National Ataxia Clinic, Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin, National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Reiley
- Department of Public Health and Environment, Greeley, Colorado
| | - Éric Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Bwee Tien Poll-The
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Neurogenetics Unit, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Child Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Pierre Landrieu
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Service de Neurologie C, Hopital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron, France
| | - Jean Pouget
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, Laboratoire Maladies Rares Génétique et Métabolisme, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Dürr
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)-U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité Mixte de Recherché (UMR) 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique de Maladies Rares EA7402, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)-U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Unité Mixte de Recherché (UMR) 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lerat J, Magdelaine C, Roux AF, Darnaud L, Beauvais-Dzugan H, Naud S, Richard L, Derouault P, Ghorab K, Magy L, Vallat JM, Cintas P, Bieth E, Arne-Bes MC, Goizet C, Espil-Taris C, Journel H, Toutain A, Urtizberea JA, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Laffargue F, Corcia P, Pasquier L, Fradin M, Napuri S, Ciron J, Boulesteix JM, Sturtz F, Lia AS. Hearing loss in inherited peripheral neuropathies: Molecular diagnosis by NGS in a French series. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e839. [PMID: 31393079 PMCID: PMC6732311 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common inherited peripheral neuropathy is Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT), with a prevalence of 1/2500. Other symptoms can be associated to the condition, such as hearing loss. Currently, no global hearing impairment assessment has been determined, and the physiopathology is not well known. Methods The aim of the study was to analyze among a French series of 3,412 patients with inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN), the ones who also suffer from hearing loss, to establish phenotype‐genotype correlations. An NGS strategy for IPN one side and nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) on the other side, were performed. Results Hearing loss (HL) was present in only 44 patients (1.30%). The clinical data of 27 patients were usable. Demyelinating neuropathy was diagnosed in 15 cases and axonal neuropathy in 12 cases. HL varied from mild to profound. Five cases of auditory neuropathy were noticed. Diagnosis was made for 60% of these patients. Seven novel pathogenic variants were discovered in five different genes: PRPS1; MPZ; SH3TC2; NEFL; and ABHD12. Two patients with PMP22 variant, had also an additional variant in COCH and MYH14 respectively. No pathogenic variant was found at the DFNB1 locus. Genotype‐phenotype correlations do exist, especially with SH3TC2, PRPS1, ABHD12, NEFL, and TRPV4. Conclusion Involvement of PMP22 is not enough to explain hearing loss in patients suffering from IPN. HL can be due to cochlear impairment and/or auditory nerve dysfunction. HL is certainly underdiagnosed, and should be evaluated in every patient suffering from IPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lerat
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Darnaud
- Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hélène Beauvais-Dzugan
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Steven Naud
- Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- CRMR Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Paco Derouault
- Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Karima Ghorab
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CRMR Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,CRMR Neuropathies Périphériques Rares, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Pascal Cintas
- Service de Neurologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Neurologie, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cyril Goizet
- Service de Neurogénétique, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hubert Journel
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CH Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | | | | | | | - Fanny Laffargue
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylva Napuri
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Franck Sturtz
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- University of Limoges, MMNP, Limoges, France.,Service Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lerat J, Magdelaine C, Lunati A, Dzugan H, Dejoie C, Rego M, Beze Beyrie P, Bieth E, Calvas P, Cintas P, Delaubrier A, Demurger F, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Goizet C, Journel H, Laffargue F, Magy L, Taithe F, Toutain A, Urtizberea JA, Sturtz F, Lia AS. Implication of the SH3TC2 gene in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with deafness and/or scoliosis: Illustration with four new pathogenic variants. J Neurol Sci 2019; 406:116376. [PMID: 31634715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth can be due to SH3TC2 gene pathogenic variants (CMT4C, AR-CMTde-SH3TC2). We report on a series of 13 patients with AR-CMTde-SH3TC2 among a French cohort of 350 patients suffering from all type of inheritance peripheral neuropathy. The SH3TC2 gene appeared to be the most frequently mutated gene for demyelinating neuropathy in this series by NGS. Four new pathogenic variants have been identified: two nonsense variants (p.(Tyr970*), p.(Trp1199*)) and two missense variants (p.(Leu1126Pro), p.(Ala1206Asp)). The recurrent variant p.Arg954* was present in 62%, and seems to be a founder mutation. The phenotype is fairly homogeneous, as all these patients, except the youngest ones, presented scoliosis and/or hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lerat
- Service Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France; EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
| | - C Magdelaine
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - A Lunati
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - H Dzugan
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - C Dejoie
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - M Rego
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - E Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Cintas
- Service de Neurologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Delaubrier
- Service de Médecine Physique et Rééducation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - F Demurger
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - B Gilbert-Dussardier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; EA3808, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - C Goizet
- Service de Neurogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H Journel
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Bretagne Atlantique, Vannes, France
| | - F Laffargue
- Service de Génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Limoges, France
| | - L Magy
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - F Taithe
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Limoges, France
| | - A Toutain
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - J A Urtizberea
- Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire, APHP, Filnemus, Centre Hospitalier Hendaye, France
| | - F Sturtz
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - A S Lia
- EA6309, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deiller C, Van-Gils J, Zordan C, Tinat J, Loiseau H, Fabre T, Delleci C, Cohen J, Vidaud M, Parfait B, Goizet C. Coexistence of schwannomatosis and glioblastoma in two families. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103680. [PMID: 31128261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schwannomatosis is a rare affection predisposing to multiple peripheral neurologic tumors development. Approximatively, one third of patients with schwannomatosis are carriers of a germline mutation in LZTR1 (Leucin Zipper Transcription Regulator 1). Tumorigenesis in schwannomatosis responds to a somatic 5-hit/3-step mechanism resulting in a loss of function (LOF) of LZTR1 and the contiguous genes of locus 22q11.2q12.2. Effectively, LZTR1 is mapped on 22q11.2 and centromeric to SMARCB1 also implicated in the determinism of schwannomatosis and NF2, responsible for neurofibromatosis type 2. On a somatic point of view, LZTR1 mutations are known to drive with a significant frequency glioblastoma (GB) development. We report here two families in which segregate both multiple schwannomas and GB. In the first family, the proband received a diagnosis with of schwannomatosis after a surgery for a lumbar schwannoma at age 43, molecularly confirmed by identification of a germline heterozygous mutation in LZTR1. Her father, having unremarkable medical history deceased from an apparently isolated GB at age 59. In the second family, LZTR1-related schwannomatosis was diagnosed in the index case at age 70 after multiple schwannomas surgeries. Her elder sister had no neurological medical history before occurrence of a lethal GB at age 78. Molecular analysis of GB sample from both affected relatives showed the presence of the familial mutation. These observations hypothesize a potential link between schwannomatosis and the GB development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Cécile Zordan
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Tinat
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugues Loiseau
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurochirurgie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Fabre
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'orthopédie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Delleci
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; UMR INSERM 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; UMR INSERM 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marelli C, Lamari F, Rainteau D, Lafourcade A, Banneau G, Humbert L, Monin ML, Petit E, Debs R, Castelnovo G, Ollagnon E, Lavie J, Pilliod J, Coupry I, Babin PJ, Guissart C, Benyounes I, Ullmann U, Lesca G, Thauvin-Robinet C, Labauge P, Odent S, Ewenczyk C, Wolf C, Stevanin G, Hajage D, Durr A, Goizet C, Mochel F. Plasma oxysterols: biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment in spastic paraplegia type 5. Brain 2019; 141:72-84. [PMID: 29228183 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias are an expanding and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by spasticity in the lower limbs. Plasma biomarkers are needed to guide the genetic testing of spastic paraplegia. Spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) is an autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia due to mutations in CYP7B1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 7α-hydroxylase implicated in cholesterol and bile acids metabolism. We developed a method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to validate two plasma 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) as diagnostic biomarkers in a cohort of 21 patients with SPG5. For 14 patients, SPG5 was initially suspected on the basis of genetic analysis, and then confirmed by increased plasma 25-OHC, 27-OHC and their ratio to total cholesterol. For seven patients, the diagnosis was initially based on elevated plasma oxysterol levels and confirmed by the identification of two causal CYP7B1 mutations. The receiver operating characteristic curves analysis showed that 25-OHC, 27-OHC and their ratio to total cholesterol discriminated between SPG5 patients and healthy controls with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Taking advantage of the robustness of these plasma oxysterols, we then conducted a phase II therapeutic trial in 12 patients and tested whether candidate molecules (atorvastatin, chenodeoxycholic acid and resveratrol) can lower plasma oxysterols and improve bile acids profile. The trial consisted of a three-period, three-treatment crossover study and the six different sequences of three treatments were randomized. Using a linear mixed effect regression model with a random intercept, we observed that atorvastatin decreased moderately plasma 27-OHC (∼30%, P < 0.001) but did not change 27-OHC to total cholesterol ratio or 25-OHC levels. We also found an abnormal bile acids profile in SPG5 patients, with significantly decreased total serum bile acids associated with a relative decrease of ursodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids compared to deoxycholic acid. Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid restored bile acids profile in SPG5 patients. Therefore, the combination of atorvastatin and chenodeoxycholic acid may be worth considering for the treatment of SPG5 patients but the neurological benefit of these metabolic interventions remains to be evaluated in phase III therapeutic trials using clinical, imaging and/or electrophysiological outcome measures with sufficient effect sizes. Overall, our study indicates that plasma 25-OHC and 27-OHC are robust diagnostic biomarkers of SPG5 and shall be used as first-line investigations in any patient with unexplained spastic paraplegia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Montpellier, France.,Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Paris, France.,University Pierre and Marie Curie, Neurometabolic Research Group, Paris, France.,APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Reference Center for Adult Neurometabolic Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Lafourcade
- APHP, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Biostatistiques, Santé publique et Information médicale, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Functional Unit of Molecular and Cellular Neurogenetics, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Rabab Debs
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Ollagnon
- La Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Lavie
- Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Pilliod
- Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Coupry
- Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Imen Benyounes
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Paris, France
| | - Urielle Ullmann
- Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Lyon University Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Labauge
- Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Montpellier, France.,Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Reference Center for Adult Leukodystrophy, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Claude Wolf
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Neurogenetic lab, Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- APHP, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Biostatistiques, Santé publique et Information médicale, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), F-75013, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 1123 ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Neurogenetic Reference Center, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Medical Genetics, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Neurogenetic Reference Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Reference Center for Adult Neurometabolic Diseases, Paris, France.,APHP, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tulli S, Del Bondio A, Baderna V, Mazza D, Codazzi F, Pierson TM, Ambrosi A, Nolte D, Goizet C, Toro C, Baets J, Deconinck T, DeJonghe P, Mandich P, Casari G, Maltecca F. Pathogenic variants in the AFG3L2 proteolytic domain cause SCA28 through haploinsufficiency and proteostatic stress-driven OMA1 activation. J Med Genet 2019; 56:499-511. [PMID: 30910913 PMCID: PMC6678042 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 (SCA28) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by pathogenic variants in AFG3L2. The AFG3L2 protein is a subunit of mitochondrial m-AAA complexes involved in protein quality control. Objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of SCA28, which has eluded characterisation to date. Methods We derived SCA28 patient fibroblasts carrying different pathogenic variants in the AFG3L2 proteolytic domain (missense: the newly identified p.F664S and p.M666T, p.G671R, p.Y689H and a truncating frameshift p.L556fs) and analysed multiple aspects of mitochondrial physiology. As reference of residual m-AAA activity, we included SPAX5 patient fibroblasts with homozygous p.Y616C pathogenic variant, AFG3L2+/− HEK293 T cells by CRISPR/Cas9-genome editing and Afg3l2−/− murine fibroblasts. Results We found that SCA28 cells carrying missense changes have normal levels of assembled m-AAA complexes, while the cells with a truncating pathogenic variant had only half of this amount. We disclosed inefficient mitochondrial fusion in SCA28 cells caused by increased OPA1 processing operated by hyperactivated OMA1. Notably, we found altered mitochondrial proteostasis to be the trigger of OMA1 activation in SCA28 cells, with pharmacological attenuation of mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in stabilised levels of OMA1 and OPA1 long forms, which rescued mitochondrial fusion efficiency. Secondary to altered mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial calcium uptake resulted decreased in SCA28 cells. Conclusion Our data identify the earliest events in SCA28 pathogenesis and open new perspectives for therapy. By identifying similar mitochondrial phenotypes between SCA28 cells and AFG3L2+/− cells, our results support haploinsufficiency as the mechanism for the studied pathogenic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Tulli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Bondio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Baderna
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Codazzi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and the Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Dagmar Nolte
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Reference Neurogenetique, Service de Genetique Medicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group and Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Neurogenetics Group and Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter DeJonghe
- Neurogenetics Group and Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Paola Mandich
- DINOGMI, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Casari
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Maltecca
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|