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Fitzpatrick L, Mortimore G. Alcohol-related dementia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:972-977. [PMID: 37938997 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.20.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is one of the leading causes of death both in the UK and worldwide. Approximately 1 million people have been diagnosed with this condition in the UK. Although there are many types of dementia, this article will focus on alcohol-related dementia. Alcohol has become a leading cause of death in the 50-69-year age group in England, and with consumption rising rapidly, there is an increased risk that young and middle-aged people will develop alcohol-related dementia in the future. The aim of this article is to review the evidence base and discuss whether alcohol-related dementia is a sub-class of dementia or a separate entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Fitzpatrick
- Advanced Clinical Practitioner, Older People's Acute Mental Health Inpatient Services, Derbyshire Healthcare Foundation NHS Trust
| | - Gerri Mortimore
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby
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Rajeev V, Chai YL, Poh L, Selvaraji S, Fann DY, Jo DG, De Silva TM, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:93. [PMID: 37309012 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically involved in cognitive processes must feature as the main driver of VCI, the underlying mechanisms and interactions with related disease processes remain to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies of cerebral blood flow measurements have supported the role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) as a major driver of the vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI. Here we review the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as neuropathological changes of CCH. Potential interventional strategies for VCI are also reviewed. A deeper understanding of how CCH can lead to accumulation of VCI-associated pathology could potentially pave the way for early detection and development of disease-modifying therapies, thus allowing preventive interventions instead of symptomatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luting Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharmelee Selvaraji
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Michael De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Campane LZ, Nucci MP, Nishiyama M, Von Zuben M, Amaro E, da Luz PL. Long term effects of red wine consumption in brain: an MRI, fMRI and neuropsychological evaluation study. Nutr Neurosci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35943074 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Red wine (RW) consumption has been proposed to have a potential health benefit. However, the effect of RW consumption on the brain is not entirely known, mainly when associated with aging. Regular red wine consumers (n = 30) and abstainers (ABST; n = 27) without cognitive impairment were evaluated for brain structural characteristics (Fazekas score and voxel-based morphometry) and for functional adaptations assessed by fMRI (using the Word Tasks Color Stroop (WCST) and Two-Back (TBT)), as well as by neuropsychological tests in different domains. There were no significant differences regarding brain morphological features. RW consumers showed greater activation in the thalamus during WCST and in paracingulate/anterior cingulate cortices, left superior frontal gyrus and frontal pole during TBT. ABST required higher activation of different cortical areas in the left parietal lobe during WCST. Age and intelligence quotient influenced those activations. In Stroop and trail-making neuropsychological tests, RW consumers performed slightly better than ABST. This study should be viewed as hypothesis-generating rather than conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zoppi Campane
- LIM-44 (NIF - Neuroimagem Funcional), Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- LIM-44 (NIF - Neuroimagem Funcional), Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nishiyama
- Instituto de Cardiologia (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Von Zuben
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- LIM-44 (NIF - Neuroimagem Funcional), Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Protasio Lemos da Luz
- Instituto de Cardiologia (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Han L, Jia J. Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:699. [PMID: 34911450 PMCID: PMC8672616 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. METHODS The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65-112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998-2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. RESULTS The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175-1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004-1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, Haidian District, China.
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The Effects of Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption on the Cognitive Function of Community Nondemented Male Elderly: A Cohort Study. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5681913. [PMID: 33833827 PMCID: PMC8018835 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5681913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly in a large elderly community cohort. Although heavy drinking is linked with impaired brain functions, the effects of light-to-moderate drinking on the cognitive function of the elderly are still controversial. Methods A total of 1469 nondemented elderly men from 15 research centers in 8 cities and provinces were included and divided into two groups: drinking (531 subjects) and nondrinking (938 subjects). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and one-year follow-up. Results There was no difference in total cognitive scores between the light-to-moderate drinking and nondrinking groups at baseline and follow-up. Nonalcohol users performed better naming and abstraction function at baseline and better naming function at follow-up. There was no difference in cognitive performance decline and new-onset dementia rates at follow-up. Conclusions Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption had no significant impact on the overall cognitive function and the risk of dementia in elderly men.
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Syaifullah AH, Shiino A, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, Kondo K, Ito T, Segawa H, Moniruzzaman M, Waki T, Miyagawa N, Tooyama I, Ueshima H, Miura K, Ueshima H, Miura K. Alcohol drinking and brain morphometry in apparently healthy community-dwelling Japanese men. Alcohol 2021; 90:57-65. [PMID: 33278513 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical implications of alcohol consumption have been extensively examined; however, its effects on brain structures in apparently healthy community-dwellers remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and brain gray matter volume (GMV) in community-dwelling Japanese men using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We recruited cognitively intact Japanese men, aged 40-79 years, from a population-based cohort in Shiga, Japan. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, on average, 2 years after demographic and medical information was obtained in 2010-2014. A multivariable linear regression analysis of 639 men was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and GMV. VBM statistics were analyzed by threshold-free cluster enhancement with a family-wise error rate of <0.05. The results obtained demonstrated that the amount of alcohol consumed was associated with lower GMV. The VBM analysis showed lower GMV within the parahippocampal, entorhinal, cingulate, insular, temporal, and frontal cortices and cerebellum in very heavy drinkers (≥42 ethanol g/day) than in non-drinkers. Furthermore, alcohol consumption was associated with a higher white matter lesion volume. These results suggest subclinical structural changes similar to alcohol-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Haidar Syaifullah
- Biomedical MRI Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiino
- Biomedical MRI Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Segawa
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Waki
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Zhang D, Dong X, Liu X, Ye L, Li S, Zhu R, Ye Y, Jiang Y. Proteomic Analysis of Brain Regions Reveals Brain Regional Differences and the Involvement of Multiple Keratins in Chronic Alcohol Neurotoxicity. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:147-156. [PMID: 32047899 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol abuse has attracted public attention and chronic alcohol exposure can result in irreversible structural changes in the brain. The molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol neurotoxicity are complex, mandating comprehensive mining of spatial protein expression profile. METHODS In this study, mice models of chronic alcohol intoxication were established after 95% alcohol vapor administration for 30 consecutive days. On Day 30, striatum (the dorsal and ventral striatum) and hippocampus, the two major brain regions responsible for learning and memorizing while being sensitive to alcohol toxicity, were collected. After that, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation -based quantitative proteomic analysis were carried out for further exploration of the novel mechanisms underlying alcohol neurotoxicity. RESULTS Proteomic results showed that in the striatum, 29 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 17 proteins were significantly down-regulated. In the hippocampus, 72 proteins were significantly up-regulated, while 2 proteins were significantly down-regulated. Analysis of the overlay proteins revealed that a total of 102 proteins were consistently altered (P < 0.05) in both hippocampus and striatum regions, including multiple keratins such as Krt6a, Krt17 and Krt5. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that previously reported diseases/biofunctions such as dermatological diseases and developmental disorders were enriched in those proteins. Interestingly, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling was among the top enriched pathways in both brain regions, while multiple keratins from the GR signaling such as Krt1 and Krt17 exhibited significantly opposite expression patterns in the two brain nuclei. Moreover, there are several other involved pathways significantly differed between the hippocampus and striatum. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed brain regional differences upon alcohol consumption and indicated the critical involvement of keratins from GR signaling in alcohol neurotoxicity. The differences in proteomic results between the striatum and hippocampus suggested a necessity of taking into consideration brain regional differences and intertwined signaling pathways rather than merely focusing on single nuclei or molecule during the study of drug-induced neurotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongzhe Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yonghong Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Rao R, Topiwala A. Alcohol use disorders and the brain. Addiction 2020; 115:1580-1589. [PMID: 32112474 DOI: 10.1111/add.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia, but a dose-response relationship between alcohol intake consumption and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Alcohol is associated with a range of effects on the central nervous system at different doses and acts on a number of receptors. Acute disorders include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), traumatic brain injury, blackouts, seizures, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. The most common manifestations of chronic alcohol consumption are Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD). There is limited evidence for benefit from memantine in the treatment of ARD, but stronger evidence for the use of high-dose parenteral thiamine in the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms for WE. Accumulating evidence exists for pharmacological treatment in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation of people with ARD may take several years, and requires an approach that addresses physical and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Psychological Medicine and Older Adults Directorate, London, UK
| | - Anya Topiwala
- University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health
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Xia SS, Xia WL, Huang JJ, Zou HJ, Tao J, Yang Y. The factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:104. [PMID: 32175397 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds The aim of the research was to investigate the factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, to distinguish the complex relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and different cognitive status. Methods Two hundred and ninety-seven type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were enrolled in our study. We adopted the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to evaluate the cognitive function. Firstly, cognition status was classified into dementia and non-dementia according to MMSE and CDR. Patients with non-dementia were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition status based on MOCA. The factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction were analyzed. Results Among the 297 T2DM subjects, 47 were enrolled in the dementia group and 174 in the MCI group according to a battery of cognitive function tests, presenting a prevalence of 15.8% and 58.6% respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and education level, waist circumference and DR were risk factors for dementia (OR: 1.057, P=0.011; OR: 2.197, P=0.040). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was a risk factor for MCI (OR: 1.635, P=0.047), while age at T2DM onset and moderate drinking were protective factors for MCI (OR: 0.936, P=0.044; OR: 0.289, P=0.004). Conclusions MCI is common in T2DM patients. Waist circumference and DR are risk factors of dementia, LDL-C is a risk factor for MCI, and moderate drinking and age at T2DM onset are protective factors for MCI. DR is unrelated to MCI in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Shan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Lin Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua-Jie Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Kim JW, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Ko K, Jeon SY, Sohn BK, Lee JY, Kim YK, Shin SA, Sohn CH, Lee DY. Association of moderate alcohol intake with in vivo amyloid-beta deposition in human brain: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003022. [PMID: 32097439 PMCID: PMC7041799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of literature has indicated that moderate alcohol intake may be protective against Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. However, little information is available regarding whether moderate alcohol intake is related to reductions in amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, or is protective via amyloid-independent mechanisms in the living human brain. Here we examined the associations of moderate alcohol intake with in vivo AD pathologies, including cerebral Aβ deposition, neurodegeneration of AD-signature regions, and cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the living human brain. METHODS AND FINDINGS The present study was part of the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE), an ongoing prospective cohort study that started in 2014. As of November 2016, 414 community-dwelling individuals with neither dementia nor alcohol-related disorders (280 cognitively normal [CN] individuals and 134 individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) between 56 and 90 years of age (mean age 70.9 years ± standard deviation 7.8; male, n [%] = 180 [43.5]) were recruited from 4 sites (i.e., 2 university hospitals and 2 public centers for dementia prevention and management) around Seoul, South Korea. All the participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments comprising lifetime and current histories of alcohol intake and multimodal brain imaging, including [11C] Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Lifetime and current alcohol intake were categorized as follows: no drinking, <1 standard drink (SD)/week, 1-13 SDs/week, and 14+ SDs/week. A moderate lifetime alcohol intake (1-13 SDs/week) was significantly associated with a lower Aβ positivity rate compared to the no drinking group, even after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio 0.341, 95% confidence interval 0.163-0.714, p = 0.004). In contrast, current alcohol intake was not associated with amyloid deposition. Additionally, alcohol intake was not related to neurodegeneration of AD-signature regions or cerebral WMH volume. The present study had some limitations in that it had a cross-sectional design and depended on retrospective recall for alcohol drinking history. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed in middle- and old-aged individuals with neither dementia nor alcohol-related disorders that moderate lifetime alcohol intake was associated with lower cerebral Aβ deposition compared to a lifetime history of not drinking. Moderate lifetime alcohol intake may have a beneficial influence on AD by reducing pathological amyloid deposition rather than amyloid-independent neurodegeneration or cerebrovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ko
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cheng J, Li F, Sun X, Liu S, Chen L, Tian F, Zhao Z, Hu H, Li X. Low-dose alcohol ameliorated homocysteine-induced anxiety-related behavior via attenuating oxidative stress in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134568. [PMID: 31629034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that homocysteine (Hcy) levels were obviously elevated in patients with anxiety, furthermore, oxidative stress and inflammation were closely linked with Hcy-related damage. Despite alcohol exposure has differential effects on different forms of anxiety, the role of alcohol on anxiety-related behavior induced by high Hcy levels is still not entirely clear. The present study investigated the protective potential of low-dose alcohol against homocysteine-induced anxiety-related behavior and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. Mice were administered intragastrically with methionine (2.0 g/kg/day) or alcohol (0.6 g/kg/day). After 21 days of administration, the anxiety-related behavior was evaluated through open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, and the variations of oxidative stress and inflammation levels were measured. The results of OF and EPM tests showed that the anxiety-related behavior in mice was prevented by alcohol treatment. Alcohol lowered the elevated serum Hcy levels and alleviated the damage of hippocampal tissues in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) mice. Meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the hippocampal tissues enhanced, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the hippocampal tissues and the serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level decreased. In addition, after administering alcohol, the increase of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression and the decrease of IL-1β protein expression were also detected in HHcy mice hippocampal tissues. Taken together, low-dose alcohol significantly ameliorated the Hcy-induced anxiety-related behavior in mice, which might be related to SOD1 and HO-1 upregulation and IL-1β downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fan Li
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Grade 2015, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. However, some patterns of drinking have been associated with beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS To clarify the relationship between alcohol use and dementia, we conducted a scoping review based on a systematic search of systematic reviews published from January 2000 to October 2017 by using Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. Overall, 28 systematic reviews were identified: 20 on the associations between the level of alcohol use and the incidence of cognitive impairment/dementia, six on the associations between dimensions of alcohol use and specific brain functions, and two on induced dementias. Although causality could not be established, light to moderate alcohol use in middle to late adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Heavy alcohol use was associated with changes in brain structures, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of all types of dementia. CONCLUSION Reducing heavy alcohol use may be an effective dementia prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 Germany
| | - Omer S. M. Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra E. Black
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
| | - Kevin D. Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network (THEN), 39 quai de Valmy, Paris, 75010 Paris France
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Impact of Coffee, Wine, and Chocolate Consumption on Cognitive Outcome and MRI Parameters in Old Age. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101391. [PMID: 30275380 PMCID: PMC6212945 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee, wine and chocolate are three frequently consumed substances with a significant impact on cognition. In order to define the structural and cerebral blood flow correlates of self-reported consumption of coffee, wine and chocolate in old age, we assessed cognition and brain MRI measures in 145 community-based elderly individuals with preserved cognition (69 to 86 years). Based on two neuropsychological assessments during a 3-year follow-up, individuals were classified into stable-stable (52 sCON), intermediate (61 iCON) and deteriorating-deteriorating (32 dCON). MR imaging included voxel-based morphometry (VBM), tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and arterial spin labelling (ASL). Concerning behavior, moderate consumption of caffeine was related to better cognitive outcome. In contrast, increased consumption of wine was related to an unfavorable cognitive evolution. Concerning MRI, we observed a negative correlation of wine and VBM in bilateral deep white matter (WM) regions across all individuals, indicating less WM lesions. Only in sCON individuals, we observed a similar yet weaker association with caffeine. Moreover, again only in sCON individuals, we observed a significant positive correlation between ASL and wine in overlapping left parietal WM indicating better baseline brain perfusion. In conclusion, the present observations demonstrate an inverse association of wine and coffee consumption with cognitive performances. Moreover, low consumption of wine but also moderate to heavy coffee drinking was associated with better WM preservation and cerebral blood-flow notably in cognitively stable elders.
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14
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Schwarzinger M, Dufouil C, Rehm J. Authors' reply. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 3:e217. [PMID: 29731157 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network, Paris, France; Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Carol Dufouil
- INSERM, University of Bordeaux, and U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, ISPED-Bordeaux School of Public Health, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Public Health Department, Medical Information Service, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Medical Science, and Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, and Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Schwarzinger M, Pollock BG, Hasan OSM, Dufouil C, Rehm J. Contribution of alcohol use disorders to the burden of dementia in France 2008-13: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 3:e124-e132. [PMID: 29475810 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(18)30022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a prevalent condition, affecting 5-7% of people aged 60 years and older, and a leading cause of disability in people aged 60 years and older globally. We aimed to examine the association between alcohol use disorders and dementia risk, with an emphasis on early-onset dementia (<65 years). METHODS We analysed a nationwide retrospective cohort of all adult (≥20 years) patients admitted to hospital in metropolitan France between 2008 and 2013. The primary exposure was alcohol use disorders and the main outcome was dementia, both defined by International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision discharge diagnosis codes. Characteristics of early-onset dementia were studied among prevalent cases in 2008-13. Associations of alcohol use disorders and other risk factors with dementia onset were analysed in multivariate Cox models among patients admitted to hospital in 2011-13 with no record of dementia in 2008-10. FINDINGS Of 31 624 156 adults discharged from French hospitals between 2008 and 2013, 1 109 343 were diagnosed with dementia and were included in the analyses. Of the 57 353 (5·2%) cases of early-onset dementia, most were either alcohol-related by definition (22 338 [38·9%]) or had an additional diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (10 115 [17·6%]). Alcohol use disorders were the strongest modifiable risk factor for dementia onset, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3·34 (95% CI 3·28-3·41) for women and 3·36 (3·31-3·41) for men. Alcohol use disorders remained associated with dementia onset for both sexes (adjusted hazard ratios >1·7) in sensitivity analyses on dementia case definition (including Alzheimer's disease) or older study populations. Also, alcohol use disorders were significantly associated with all other risk factors for dementia onset (all p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Alcohol use disorders were a major risk factor for onset of all types of dementia, and especially early-onset dementia. Thus, screening for heavy drinking should be part of regular medical care, with intervention or treatment being offered when necessary. Additionally, other alcohol policies should be considered to reduce heavy drinking in the general population. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network, Paris, France; Infection Antimicrobials Modeling and Evolution, UMR 1137, INSERM-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omer S M Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carole Dufouil
- INSERM, University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219-Bordeaux Population Health, ISPED-Bordeaux School of Public Health, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Public Health Department, Medical Information Service, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Gong YS, Hu K, Yang LQ, Guo J, Gao YQ, Song FL, Hou FL, Liang CY. Comparative effects of EtOH consumption and thiamine deficiency on cognitive impairment, oxidative damage, and β-amyloid peptide overproduction in the brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:163-173. [PMID: 28342849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chronic EtOH consumption, associated or not with thiamine deficiency (TD), on cognitive impairment, oxidative damage, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brain were investigated in male C57BL/6 mice. We established an alcoholic mouse model by feeding an EtOH liquid diet, a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-depleted liquid diet, and an EtOH treatment associated with TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-depleted EtOH liquid diet for 7 weeks. The learning and memory functions of the mice were detected through the Y-maze test. Biochemical parameters were measured using corresponding commercial kits. The Aβ expression in the hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Several results were obtained. First, EtOH significantly reduced cognitive function by significantly decreasing the Glu content in the hippocampus; increasing the AChE activity in the cortex; and reducing the thiamine level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities in both the hippocampus and cortex. The treatment also increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nitric oxide (NO) and the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Furthermore, EtOH enhanced the expression levels of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 in the hippocampus. Second, TD induced the same dysfunctions caused by EtOH in the biochemical parameters, except for learning ability, 8-OHdG content, and GPx, tNOS, and AChE activities in the cortex. Third, the modification of MDA, protein carbonyl and NO levels, and GPx, iNOS, ChAT, and MAO-B activities in the brain induced by chronic EtOH treatment associated with TD was greater than that induced by EtOH or TD alone. The synergistic effects of EtOH and TD on Aβ1-40 and Glu release, as well as on SOD activity, depended on their actions on the hippocampus or cortex. These findings suggest that chronic EtOH consumption can induce TD, cognitive impairment, Aβ accumulation, oxidative stress injury, and neurotransmitter metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, the association of chronic EtOH consumption with TD causes dramatic brain dysfunctions with a severe effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Gong
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Kun Hu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Lu-Qi Yang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Juan Guo
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Yong-Qing Gao
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Feng-Lin Song
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Fang-Li Hou
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Cui-Yi Liang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
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17
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Hatchard T, Mioduszewski O, Fall C, Byron-Alhassan A, Fried P, Smith AM. Neural impact of low-level alcohol use on response inhibition: An fMRI investigation in young adults. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Kim S, Im S, Lee J, Lee SG. Disrupted Control Network Connectivity in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:325-332. [PMID: 28539951 PMCID: PMC5440435 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol causes damage to the brain and is associated with various functional impairments. However, much of the brain damage can be reversed by abstaining for enough time. This study aims to investigate the patterns and degrees of brain function in abstinent patients with alcohol dependence by using resting-state functional connectivity. METHODS 26 male patients with alcohol dependence (alcohol group) and 28 age-matched male healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited from a mental hospital and the community, respectively. Using 3T MRI scan data, the resting-state functional connectivity of the task-negative and task-positive networks was determined and compared between the groups. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in the resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode or in the salience and sensorimotor networks. Compared with the control group, the alcohol group showed significantly lower functional connectivity in the executive control network, especially in the cingulo-opercular network and, in some regions of interest, the dorsal attention network. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that some brain networks do not normalize their functions after abstinence from drinking, and these results may be helpful in future research to investigate the mechanisms for craving alcohol and alcohol relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siekyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Yemidam Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yesarang Mental Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Muñoz G, Urrutia JC, Burgos CF, Silva V, Aguilar F, Sama M, Yeh HH, Opazo C, Aguayo LG. Low concentrations of ethanol protect against synaptotoxicity induced by Aβ in hippocampal neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:845-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Veijola J, Guo JY, Moilanen JS, Jääskeläinen E, Miettunen J, Kyllönen M, Haapea M, Huhtaniska S, Alaräisänen A, Mäki P, Kiviniemi V, Nikkinen J, Starck T, Remes JJ, Tanskanen P, Tervonen O, Wink AM, Kehagia A, Suckling J, Kobayashi H, Barnett JH, Barnes A, Koponen HJ, Jones PB, Isohanni M, Murray GK. Longitudinal changes in total brain volume in schizophrenia: relation to symptom severity, cognition and antipsychotic medication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101689. [PMID: 25036617 PMCID: PMC4103771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies show evidence of longitudinal brain volume decreases in schizophrenia. We studied brain volume changes and their relation to symptom severity, level of function, cognition, and antipsychotic medication in participants with schizophrenia and control participants from a general population based birth cohort sample in a relatively long follow-up period of almost a decade. All members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with any psychotic disorder and a random sample not having psychosis were invited for a MRI brain scan, and clinical and cognitive assessment during 1999-2001 at the age of 33-35 years. A follow-up was conducted 9 years later during 2008-2010. Brain scans at both time points were obtained from 33 participants with schizophrenia and 71 control participants. Regression models were used to examine whether brain volume changes predicted clinical and cognitive changes over time, and whether antipsychotic medication predicted brain volume changes. The mean annual whole brain volume reduction was 0.69% in schizophrenia, and 0.49% in controls (p = 0.003, adjusted for gender, educational level, alcohol use and weight gain). The brain volume reduction in schizophrenia patients was found especially in the temporal lobe and periventricular area. Symptom severity, functioning level, and decline in cognition were not associated with brain volume reduction in schizophrenia. The amount of antipsychotic medication (dose years of equivalent to 100 mg daily chlorpromazine) over the follow-up period predicted brain volume loss (p = 0.003 adjusted for symptom level, alcohol use and weight gain). In this population based sample, brain volume reduction continues in schizophrenia patients after the onset of illness, and antipsychotic medications may contribute to these reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joyce Y. Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jani S. Moilanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja Kyllönen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Huhtaniska
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Alaräisänen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Nikkinen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Starck
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka J. Remes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivikki Tanskanen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Osmo Tervonen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alle-Meije Wink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of Radiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angie Kehagia
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer H. Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd, Bottisham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannu J. Koponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Isohanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Graham K. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Davis BJK, Vidal JS, Garcia M, Aspelund T, van Buchem MA, Jonsdottir MK, Sigurdsson S, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Launer LJ. The alcohol paradox: light-to-moderate alcohol consumption, cognitive function, and brain volume. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1528-35. [PMID: 24994845 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of older persons show consumption of light-to-moderate amounts of alcohol is positively associated with cognitive function and, separately, is negatively associated with total brain volume (TBV). This is paradoxical as generally, cognitive function is positively associated with TBV. We examined the relationships of TBV, global cognitive function (GCF), and alcohol consumption in a population-based cohort of 3,363 men and women (b. 1907-1935) participating in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (2002-2006) and who were free of dementia or mild cognitive impairment METHODS Drinking status (never, former, and current) and current amount of alcohol consumed were assessed by questionnaire. GCF is a composite score derived from a battery of cognitive tests. TBV, standardized to head size, is estimated quantitatively from brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Among women and not men, adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, current drinkers had significantly higher GCF scores than abstainers and former drinkers (p < .0001); and GCF was associated with amount consumed. TBV was not associated with drinking status or amount consumed in men or women. GCF and TBV did significantly differ in their associations across alcohol categories (p interaction < .001). Within categories of alcohol intake, GCF and TBV were positively associated. CONCLUSIONS The difference in associations of alcohol intake to brain structure and function suggests there may be unmeasured factors that contribute to maintaining better GCF relative to TBV. However, at higher levels of reasonable alcohol consumption, there may be factors leading to reduced brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J K Davis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jean-Sebastian Vidal
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Maria K Jonsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik. Geriatric Research Centre in Landsptiali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik
| | | | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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22
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Beck F, Richard JB. [Alcohol use in France]. Presse Med 2014; 43:1067-79. [PMID: 24994508 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has regularly decreased in France since the 1950s, essentially in connection with the decrease of wine consumption, with disaffection for the "table wine", for the benefit of better quality wines that are drunk in lesser quantity. France is still part of the most alcohol drinking countries in the European Union but is no longer situated at the very top of the ranking. General population surveys results tend to confirm the evolution of sale of alcohol: since 1992, among 15-75 years old, alcohol daily users proportion was divided by two, from 24% in 1992 to 11% in 2010, currently replaced by a more occasional use. We indeed observe in the general population a profile of young adults having a strong and punctual consumption, and an older profile of less important but regular consumption. The proportion of problematic alcohol users remains stable, concerning approximately a person on 10 in the adult population. The part of persons who declared they have drunk six glasses or more during the same occasion at least once a month during the last twelve months increased from 15% in 2005 to 18% in 2010. Binge drinking and the frequency of drunkenness have increased among teenagers and young adults these last years. These behaviors can lead to short term risks, such as accidents, undergone violence, unwanted or unprotected sexual intercourse, even coma, whereas chronic alcohol use can lead to numerous hepatic, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric complications, as well as cancers. With such sanitary consequences, alcohol is a major risk factor of avoidable morbidity and premature mortality. The beneficial effect that seems to have a moderate consumption of alcohol on the risk of death by cardiovascular diseases has brought about recurring scientific controversies. However, its major noxious effects in terms of non-transmitted diseases should remain the major point in public health decisions on alcoholization.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Beck
- Observatoire français des drogues et toxicomanies (OFDT), 93203 Saint-Denis cedex, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Cermes3 - Équipe Cesames (Centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Sorbonne Paris Cité/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé (Inpes), 93203 Saint-Denis cedex, France
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Guest J, Grant R, Mori TA, Croft KD. Changes in oxidative damage, inflammation and [NAD(H)] with age in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85335. [PMID: 24454842 PMCID: PMC3891813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the degenerative changes of systemic tissues in aging. However a comparatively limited amount of data is available to verify whether these processes also contribute to normal aging within the brain. High levels of oxidative damage results in key cellular changes including a reduction in available nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential molecule required for a number of vital cellular processes including DNA repair, immune signaling and epigenetic processing. In this study we quantified changes in [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes, 8-OHdG, total antioxidant capacity) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy humans across a wide age range (24–91 years). CSF was collected from consenting patients who required a spinal tap for the administration of anesthetic. CSF of participants aged >45 years was found to contain increased levels of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) (p = 0.04) and inflammation (IL-6) (p = 0.00) and decreased levels of both total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.00) and NAD(H) (p = 0.05), compared to their younger counterparts. A positive association was also observed between plasma [NAD(H)] and CSF NAD(H) levels (p = 0.03). Further analysis of the data identified a relationship between alcohol intake and CSF [NAD(H)] and markers of inflammation. The CSF of participants who consumed >1 standard drink of alcohol per day contained lower levels of NAD(H) compared to those who consumed no alcohol (p<0.05). An increase in CSF IL-6 was observed in participants who reported drinking >0–1 (p<0.05) and >1 (p<0.05) standard alcoholic drinks per day compared to those who did not drink alcohol. Taken together these data suggest a progressive age associated increase in oxidative damage, inflammation and reduced [NAD(H)] in the brain which may be exacerbated by alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guest
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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24
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Daulatzai MA. Neurotoxic Saboteurs: Straws that Break the Hippo’s (Hippocampus) Back Drive Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:407-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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The activity of class I, II, III and IV of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in brain cancer. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1517-21. [PMID: 23624825 PMCID: PMC3671125 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain being highly sensitive to the action of alcohol is potentially susceptible to its carcinogenic effects. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are the main enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism, which leads to the generation of carcinogenic acetaldehyde. Human brain tissue contains various ADH isoenzymes and possess also ALDH activity. The purpose of this study was to compare the capacity for ethanol metabolism measured by ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity in cancer tissues and healthy brain cells. The samples were taken from 62 brain cancer patients (36 glioblastoma, 26 meningioma). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, the fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. The total activity of ADH, and activity of class I ADH were significantly higher in cancer cells than in healthy tissues. The other tested classes of ADH and ALDH did not show statistically significant differences of activity in cancer and in normal cells. Analysis of the enzymes activity did not show significant differences depending on the location of the tumor. The differences in the activity of total alcohol dehydrogenase, and class I isoenzyme between cancer tissues and healthy brain cells might be a factor for metabolic changes and disturbances in low mature cancer cells and additionally might be a reason for higher level of acetaldehyde which can intensify the carcinogenesis.
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26
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Umeh K, Sherratt F. Behavior Change Strategies Underutilized by Alcohol Use Disorder Sufferers. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2013.771992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Hayes DM, Deeny MA, Shaner CA, Nixon K. Determining the threshold for alcohol-induced brain damage: new evidence with gliosis markers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:425-34. [PMID: 23347220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intake of ethanol (EtOH) has been linked to serious health consequences such as cardiac and liver problems, cognitive impairments, and brain damage. Alcohol's detrimental effects depend upon the dose, duration, and pattern of exposure with binge drinking as one of the most common, but most damaging, patterns of intake. Little is known about the threshold of the damaging effects of alcohol. Therefore, these experiments sought to determine a threshold for brain damage using various markers of neurodegeneration. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered nutritionally complete liquid diet containing either EtOH (25% w/v) or isocaloric dextrose every 8 hours for either 1 (mean dose, 13.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/d; mean blood EtOH concentration (BEC), 336.2 ± 18.8 mg/dl) or 2 days (mean dose, 10.9 ± 0.3 g/kg/d; mean BEC, 369.8 ± 18.1 mg/dl). On the basis of a known time course of various neurodegeneration-associated events, rats were perfused transcardially immediately following, 2 days after, or 7 days post EtOH exposure. To label actively dividing cells, some animals were injected with BromodeoxyUridine (BrdU) 2 hours prior to perfusion. Tissue was then analyzed for the presence of BrdU (cell proliferation), FluoroJade B (degenerative neurons), and vimentin (reactive astrogliosis) immunoreactivity. RESULTS One or 2 days of EtOH exposure failed to alter cell proliferation at any of the time points analyzed. However, significant 2- to 9-fold increases in neuronal degeneration in limbic cortex and clear evidence of reactive gliosis as indicated by a 2- to 8-fold upregulation in vimentin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus were observed following as little as 1 day of binge EtOH exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that as little as 1 day (24 hours) of high BEC, binge-like EtOH exposure is enough to elicit signs of alcohol-induced brain damage in adult rats. Further, reactive gliosis may be a more sensitive marker of alcohol-induced damage in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna M Hayes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, USA
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28
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Ponsford J, Tweedly L, Taffe J. The relationship between alcohol and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:103-12. [PMID: 23339581 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.752437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the association between frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sixty moderately to severely injured individuals had completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure preinjury alcohol use soon after injury and were recruited and assessed with AUDIT and Time Line Follow-Back (TLFB), as a measure of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption at 6-9 months post injury. Fifty participants completed both AUDIT and TLFB at a follow-up assessment at 12-15 months post injury. Measures of processing speed/attention, memory, and executive function were also administered. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between alcohol use and cognition at the two occasions of measurement. Harmful or hazardous alcohol use pre injury was associated with poorer memory performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) and slower processing speed on Symbol Digit Modalities Test on average across postinjury measurement occasions, but not with executive functioning, measured by the Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) at 6-9 months post injury. On the other hand, executive functioning on MSET 6-9 months post injury was significantly poorer in participants who were consuming any alcohol at all in the month prior to follow-up assessment. The current study provides evidence showing that pre- and postinjury alcohol use is negatively associated with different aspects of cognitive functioning following TBI. In addition to providing some support for the provision of advice to abstain from alcohol after injury, these findings suggest that interventions to reduce postinjury alcohol use may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Ponsford
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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29
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Anderson ML, Nokia MS, Govindaraju KP, Shors TJ. Moderate drinking? Alcohol consumption significantly decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Neuroscience 2012; 224:202-9. [PMID: 22906480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Drinking alcohol in moderation is often considered a health-conscious behavior, associated with improved cardiovascular and brain health. However, "moderate" amounts of alcohol include drinking 3-4 alcohol beverages in a day, which is closer to binge drinking and may do more harm than good. Here we examined how daily drinking of moderate-high alcohol alters the production of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were provided free access to a liquid replacement diet that was supplemented with either 4% ethanol or Maltodextrin for a period of 2 weeks. Proliferating cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus was assessed after the final day of drinking. A subset of rats was also exposed to a motor skill or associative learning task to examine the functional effects of alcohol consumption. The drinking regime resulted in an average blood alcohol concentration of approximately 0.08%, which is comparable to the human legal driving limit in many countries. This level of intoxication did not impair motor skill learning or function in either sex, nor did the alcohol consumption disrupt associative learning 2 days after drinking. Therefore, moderate alcohol consumption did not disrupt basic sensory, motor or learning processes. However, the number of cells produced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was reduced by nearly 40%. Thus, even moderate consumption of alcohol for a relatively short period of time can have profound effects on structural plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers University/UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, RWJSPH 363, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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30
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You CH, Kim BG, Jo EM, Kim GY, Yu BC, Hong MG, Kim DS, Hong YS. The relationship between the fish consumption and blood total/methyl-mercury concentration of costal area in Korea. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:676-82. [PMID: 22525937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fish consumption and blood THg/MeHg concentration in Korean adults by measuring MeHg concentration in blood directly. The study subjects consisted of 400 adults aged 20 or older from 30 subareas in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do province in Korea from August to October, 2010. We tried to recruit the same number of male and female participants in different age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s) and allocated 13-16 subjects by district to represent Hg concentration in the research areas. The geometric means of THg and MeHg concentration in blood were 5.27 μg/L (5.00-5.57) and 4.05 μg/L (3.81-4.32), respectively. The proportion of MeHg/THg concentration was 78.53% (77.09-79.97). MeHg concentration was higher in coastal areas (4.26 μg/L) than in inland areas (3.52 μg/L) and was higher in men (4.68 μg/L) than in women (3.52 μg/L). In male participants, blood MeHg concentration increased with increasing annual fish consumption, and the proportion of MeHg/THg concentration showed an upward trend as THg concentration increased. However, none of the measures of the proportion of MeHg/THg showed significant differences. This is the first report in Korea about the relationship between blood MeHg concentration and related factors. Our findings suggest that MeHg concentration is affected by fish consumption as well as by gender difference and drinking status. Since the pathological mechanism has not been clarified, additional studies are needed for explaining the biological and lifestyle differences in the risk of adverse health effects by Hg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hun You
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Potential health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: current perspectives in research. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71:307-15. [PMID: 22391060 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of moderate amounts of alcohol for a better health and longer life expectancy compared with abstinence have been suggested by the findings of numerous studies. However, controversies have emerged regarding the influence of confounding factors and the systematic errors that might have been inadvertently disregarded in the early studies. This review includes a description of the findings of those research studies published in the last 5 years on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on all-cause mortality, CVD and inflammation, the immune system, insulin sensitivity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancer. Promising evidences exist from both animal studies and human clinical trials regarding intermediate end-points of CHD and insulin sensitivity, such as HDL, adiponectin or fibrinogen. However, controversies and inconsistent findings exist regarding many of these diseases and related functions and biomarkers. Further research and human randomised-controlled trials with adequate standardisation of the study conditions are necessary in order to draw a comparison between studies, establish the causal effect of moderate alcohol intake on disease protection and reach consensus on the circumstances that allow the recommendation of moderate alcohol habitual intakes as a strategy for health maintenance.
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32
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Kim JW, Lee DY, Lee BC, Jung MH, Kim H, Choi YS, Choi IG. Alcohol and cognition in the elderly: a review. Psychiatry Investig 2012; 9:8-16. [PMID: 22396679 PMCID: PMC3285745 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of large amounts of alcohol is known to have negative effects, but consumption in smaller amounts may be protective. The effect of alcohol may be greater in the elderly than in younger adults, particularly with regard to cognition. However, the drinking pattern that will provide optimal protection against dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly has not been systematically investigated. The present paper is a critical review of research on the effect of alcohol on cognitive function and dementia in the elderly. Studies published from 1971 to 2011 related to alcohol and cognition in the elderly were reviewed using a PubMed search. Alcohol may have both a neurotoxic and neuroprotective effect. Longitudinal and brain imaging studies in the elderly show that excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, but low to moderate alcohol intake may protect against cognitive decline and dementia and provide cardiovascular benefits. Evidence suggesting that low to moderate alcohol consumption in the elderly protects against cognitive decline and dementia exists; however, because of varying methodology and a lack of standardized definitions, these findings should be interpreted with caution. It is important to conduct more, well-designed studies to identify the alcohol drinking pattern that will optimally protect the elderly against cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boung Chul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hano Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Andrew's Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Icheon, Korea
| | - Ihn-Geun Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Hallym University Burn Institute, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Stone JM, Bhattacharyya S, Barker GJ, McGuire PK. Substance use and regional gray matter volume in individuals at high risk of psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:114-22. [PMID: 21741803 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with an at risk mental state (ARMS) are at greatly increased risk of developing a psychotic illness. Risk of transition to psychosis is associated with regionally reduced cortical gray matter volume. There has been considerable interest in the interaction between psychosis risk and substance use. In this study we investigate the relationship between alcohol, cannabis and nicotine use with gray matter volume in ARMS subjects and healthy volunteers. Twenty seven ARMS subjects and 27 healthy volunteers took part in the study. All subjects underwent volumetric MRI imaging. The relationship between regional gray matter volume and cannabis use, smoking, and alcohol use in controls and ARMS subjects was analysed using voxel-based morphometry. In any region where a significant relationship with drug was present, data were analysed to determine if there was any group difference in this relationship. Alcohol intake was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in cerebellum, cannabis intake was use was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex and tobacco intake was inversely correlated with gray matter volume in left temporal cortex. There were no significant interactions by group in any region. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis of increased susceptibility to harmful effects of drugs and alcohol on regional gray matter in ARMS subjects. However, alcohol, tobacco and cannabis at low to moderate intake may be associated with lower gray matter in both ARMS subjects and healthy volunteers-possibly representing low-level cortical damage or change in neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Stone
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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34
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Murphy PN, Erwin PG, Maciver L, Fisk JE, Larkin D, Wareing M, Montgomery C, Hilton J, Tames FJ, Bradley B, Yanulevitch K, Ralley R. The relationships of 'ecstasy' (MDMA) and cannabis use to impaired executive inhibition and access to semantic long-term memory. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011; 26:460-9. [PMID: 21898599 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between the consumption of ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) and cannabis, and performance on the random letter generation task which generates dependent variables drawing upon executive inhibition and access to semantic long-term memory (LTM). The participant group was a between-participant independent variable with users of both ecstasy and cannabis (E/C group, n = 15), users of cannabis but not ecstasy (CA group, n = 13) and controls with no exposure to these drugs (CO group, n = 12). Dependent variables measured violations of randomness: number of repeat sequences, number of alphabetical sequences (both drawing upon inhibition) and redundancy (drawing upon access to semantic LTM). E/C participants showed significantly higher redundancy than CO participants but did not differ from CA participants. There were no significant effects for the other dependent variables. A regression model comprising intelligence measures and estimates of ecstasy and cannabis consumption predicted redundancy scores, but only cannabis consumption contributed significantly to this prediction. Impaired access to semantic LTM may be related to cannabis consumption, although the involvement of ecstasy and other stimulant drugs cannot be excluded here. Executive inhibitory functioning, as measured by the random letter generation task, is unrelated to ecstasy and cannabis consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Murphy
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre and Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
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35
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Flaherty AW. Brain illness and creativity: mechanisms and treatment risks. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2011; 56:132-43. [PMID: 21443820 DOI: 10.1177/070674371105600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain diseases and their treatment may help or hurt creativity in ways that shape quality of life. Increased creative drive is associated with bipolar disorder, depression, psychosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease treatments, and autism. Creativity depends on goal-driven approach motivation from midbrain dopaminergic systems. Fear-driven avoidance motivation is of less aid to creativity. When serotonin and norepinephrine lower motivation and flexible behaviour, they can inhibit creativity. Hemispheric lateralization and frontotemporal connections must interact to create new ideas and conceptual schemes. The right brain and temporal lobe contribute skill in novelty detection, while the left brain and frontal lobe foster approach motivation and more easily generate new patterns of action from the novel perceptions. Genes and phenotypes that increase plasticity and creativity in tolerant environments with relaxed selection pressure may confer risk in rigorous environments. Few papers substantively address this important but fraught topic. Antidepressants (ADs) that inhibit fear-driven motivation, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sometimes inhibit goal-oriented motivation as well. ADs that boost goal-directed motivation, such as bupropion, may remediate this effect. Benzodiazepines and alcohol may be counterproductive. Although dopaminergic agonists sometimes stimulate creativity, their doing so may inappropriately disinhibit behaviour. Dopamine antagonists may suppress creative motivation; lithium and anticonvulsant mood stabilizers may do so less. Physical exercise and REM sleep may help creativity. Art therapy and psychotherapy are not well studied. Preserving creative motivation can help creativity and other aspects of well-being in all patients, not just artists or researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Flaherty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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36
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Baglietto L, Giles GG, English DR, Karahalios A, Hopper JL, Severi G. Alcohol consumption and risk of glioblastoma; evidence from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1929-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Yoo JW, Choi JS. A Case of Severe Brain Atrophy Found in the Man in His Twenties Who Drinks Moderate Amount of Alcohol. Korean J Fam Med 2010. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.9.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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