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Danagulyan GG, Panosyan HA, Gharibyan VK, Hasratyan AH. A Simple and Easily Implemented Method for the Regioselective Introduction of Deuterium into Azolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062869. [PMID: 36985841 PMCID: PMC10054722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the technically easy-to-implement synthesis of deuterium-labeled pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been developed. The regioselectivity of such transformations has been shown. 1H NMR and mass spectrometric methods have proved the quantitative nature of such transformations and the kinetics of deuterium exchange has been studied. Spectrally, at different temperatures (+30 °C, -10 °C and -15 °C), the kinetics of the process was studied both in CD3OD and in deuterated alkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevorg G Danagulyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Henrik A Panosyan
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Vache K Gharibyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - Ani H Hasratyan
- Laboratory of Bioactive Azaheterocycles, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Hovsep Emin Str. 123, Yerevan 0051, Armenia
- Scientific and Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Azatutyan Ave. 26, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
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Saini P, Bari SS, Yadav P, Khullar S, Mandal SK, Bhalla A. Synthesis of
C2
‐Formamide(thiophene)pyrazolyl‐
C4
’‐carbaldehyde and their Transformation to Schiff's Bases and Stereoselective
trans
‐β‐Lactams: Mechanistic and Theoretical Insights. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preety Saini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Shamsher S. Bari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
| | - Sadhika Khullar
- Department of Chemistry Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 144011 Punjab India
| | - Sanjay K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh 160014 India
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3
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Revell VL, Della Monica C, Mendis J, Hassanin H, Halter RJ, Chaplan SR, Dijk DJ. Effects of the selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist JNJ-48816274 on sleep initiated in the circadian wake maintenance zone: a randomised trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:719-727. [PMID: 34628482 PMCID: PMC8782905 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of orexinergic peptides are diverse and are mediated by orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors. Antagonists that target both receptors have been shown to promote sleep initiation and maintenance. Here, we investigated the role of the orexin-2 receptor in sleep regulation in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover clinical trial using two doses (20 and 50 mg) of a highly selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist (2-SORA) (JNJ-48816274). We used a phase advance model of sleep disruption where sleep initiation is scheduled in the circadian wake maintenance zone. We assessed objective and subjective sleep parameters, pharmacokinetic profiles and residual effects on cognitive performance in 18 healthy male participants without sleep disorders. The phase advance model alone (placebo condition) resulted in disruption of sleep at the beginning of the sleep period compared to baseline sleep (scheduled at habitual time). Compared to placebo, both doses of JNJ-48816274 significantly increased total sleep time, REM sleep duration and sleep efficiency, and reduced latency to persistent sleep, sleep onset latency, and REM latency. All night EEG spectral power density for both NREM and REM sleep were unaffected by either dose. Participants reported significantly better quality of sleep and feeling more refreshed upon awakening following JNJ-48816274 compared to placebo. No significant residual effects on objective performance measures were observed and the compound was well tolerated. In conclusion, the selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist JNJ-48816274 rapidly induced sleep when sleep was scheduled earlier in the circadian cycle and improved self-reported sleep quality without impact on waking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XP, UK
| | - Ciro Della Monica
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XP, UK
| | - Jeewaka Mendis
- Surrey Clinical Trials Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XP, UK
| | - Hana Hassanin
- Surrey Clinical Research Facility, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XP, UK
| | | | | | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XP, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Saputra BD, Levita J, Mustarichie R. Efficacy, Safety, and Drug–Drug Interactions for Insomnia Therapy in COVID-19 Patients. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:137-152. [PMID: 35087274 PMCID: PMC8789249 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s337053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a systemic viral infection. COVID-19 patients show diverse clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic, mild symptoms to severe symptoms characterized by severe respiratory distress. Sleep disorders or insomnia is one of the psychiatric problems that arise during the COVID-19 pandemic. The term used to define this particular insomnia is coronasomnia or COVID-19 insomnia. Data show that the prevalence of this problem is increasing, especially in the confirmed COVID-19 patient group. Anti-insomnia drugs such as hypnotics, sedatives, and anxiolytics are the easiest option. As with drugs generally, anti-insomnia drugs are associated with various safety issues, especially in people with COVID-19. Therefore, their use may be hazardous. The literature review aims to make health practitioners aware of the anti-insomnia drugs that have the best efficacy and safety issues that are clinically relevant from the use of anti-insomnia drugs and the interactions of anti-insomnia drugs with various drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. The articles were explored on PubMed and Cochrane Library, whereas the drug–drug interactions between the anti-insomnia and COVID-19 drugs were searched on Drugs.com Interaction Checker and Lexiomp-interact. Overall anti-insomnia drugs have efficacy in improving sleep parameters. Orexin receptor antagonist drugs have good efficacy in increasing WASO, LPS, and SE with an acceptable safety profile. Meanwhile, the combination of zolpidem, lorazepam, and diphenhydramine improved TST parameters better than other drugs. Side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness were among the most commonly reported effects. Therefore, attention and monitoring of the use of anti-insomnia drugs in COVID-19 patients need to be carried out by considering the side effects and interactions that are very risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Dwi Saputra
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Resmi Mustarichie Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaTel +6222-84288888 Ext 3510 Email
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Bullock A, Gunduz‐Bruce H, Zammit GK, Qin M, Li H, Sankoh AJ, Silber C, Kanes SJ, Jonas J, Doherty J. A phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zuranolone (SAGE-217) in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2806. [PMID: 34352138 PMCID: PMC9286466 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate single zuranolone (SAGE-217) 30 or 45 mg doses in a 5-h phase advance insomnia model. METHODS In this double-blind, three-way crossover study, healthy adults received placebo (n = 41), zuranolone 30 mg (n = 44), and zuranolone 45 mg (n = 42) across three treatment periods. Sleep was assessed by polysomnography and a postsleep questionnaire. Next-day residual effects and safety/tolerability were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with placebo, zuranolone resulted in significant improvements in median sleep efficiency (30 mg, 84.6%; 45 mg, 87.6%; placebo, 72.9%; p < 0.001 for both doses), wake after sleep onset (WASO; 30 mg, 55.0 min; 45 mg, 42.5 min; placebo, 113.0 min; p < 0.001 for both doses), duration of awakenings (30 mg, 4.2 min, p < 0.001; 45 mg, 3.7 min, p = 0.001; placebo, 7.4 min), and total sleep time (TST; 30 mg, 406.3 min; 45 mg, 420.3 min; placebo, 350.0 min; p < 0.001 for both doses). Subjective endpoints (WASO, TST, sleep latency, sleep quality) also improved relative to placebo. Zuranolone was generally well tolerated, and the most common adverse events (≥2 participants, any period) were headache and fatigue. CONCLUSION Zuranolone improved sleep measures versus placebo in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults, supporting future studies in patients with insomnia disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bullock
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Gary K. Zammit
- Clinilabs Drug Development CorporationNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Min Qin
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Haihong Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Ren J, Ding S, Li X, Bi R, Zhao Q. An Approach for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines via Cu(II)-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Saturated Ketones with Aminopyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12762-12771. [PMID: 34464147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step synthesis of diversely substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines from saturated ketones and 3-aminopyrazoles is presented. This transformation involves the in situ formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones via a radical process, followed by [3+3] annulation with 3-aminopyrazoles in one pot. Mechanistic studies have shown that the dual C(sp3)-H bond functionalization of inactive ketones is required for the formation of the title compounds. Notably, this dehydrogenative coupling process provides access to a host of functionalized pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with antitumor potential from commercially available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Gogula T, Zhang JQ, Zou HB. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C(sp 2)-H Functionalization of 7-Arylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines with Dioxazolones as Amidating Agents. Org Lett 2019; 21:5933-5937. [PMID: 31328523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of 7-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was developed wherein the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety is reported for the first time to direct the C-H bond activation. Various 7-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines underwent smooth C-H amidation with alkyl-, aryl-, and heteroaryl-substituted dioxazolones to afford the products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that a six-membered rhodacycle intermediate involving N1 might play a key role in the regioselective catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Gogula
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
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Castillo JC, Rosero HA, Portilla J. Simple access toward 3-halo- and 3-nitro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines through a one-pot sequence. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a regioselective, time-efficient and one-pot route for the synthesis of diversely substituted 3-halo- and 3-nitropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields through a microwave-assisted process is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Hernán-Alejandro Rosero
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
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Spiegelstein O, Stevens J, Van Gerven J, Nathan PJ, Maynard JP, Mayleben DW, Hellriegel E, Yang R. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of CEP-26401, a high-affinity histamine-3 receptor antagonist, following single and multiple dosing in healthy subjects. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:983-93. [PMID: 27222271 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116645301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CEP-26401 is a novel orally active, brain-penetrant, high-affinity histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist, with potential therapeutic utility in cognition enhancement. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose escalation studies with single (0.02 to 5 mg) or multiple administration (0.02 to 0.5 mg once daily) of CEP-26401 were conducted in healthy subjects. Plasma and urine samples were collected to investigate CEP-26401 pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic endpoints included a subset of tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and nocturnal polysomnography. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling was conducted on one CANTAB and one polysomnography parameter of interest. CEP-26401 was slowly absorbed (median tmax range 3-6 hours) and the mean terminal elimination half-life ranged from 24-60 hours. Steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved within six days of dosing. CEP-26401 exhibits dose- and time-independent pharmacokinetics, and renal excretion is a major elimination pathway. CEP-26401 had a dose-dependent negative effect on sleep, with some positive effects on certain CANTAB cognitive parameters seen at lower concentrations. The derived three compartment population pharmacokinetic model, with first-order absorption and elimination, accurately described the available pharmacokinetic data. CEP-26401 was generally well tolerated up to 0.5 mg/day with most common treatment related adverse events being headache and insomnia. Further clinical studies are required to establish the potential of low-dose CEP-26401 in cognition enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Edward Hellriegel
- Research and Development Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Research and Development Teva Pharmaceuticals, West Chester, PA, USA
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