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Kasmawati H, Ruslin R, Arfan A, Sida NA, Saputra DI, Halimah E, Mustarichie R. Antibacterial Potency of an Active Compound from Sansevieria trifasciata Prain: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6096. [PMID: 37630348 PMCID: PMC10457997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sansevieria trifasciata Prain holds great potential as a valuable asset in pharmaceutical development. In this study, our focus is to explore and assess the antibacterial activity of various components derived from this plant, including extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates, explicitly targeting two common bacteria: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. The isolated compound, identified as a derivative pyridone alkaloid (5-methyl-11-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)undecaneperoxoicacid), demonstrates notable antibacterial effects. The extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates reveal significant bacterial growth reductions (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Escherichia coli were 1.95 ppm, 3.9 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively, while the MIC values for Streptococcus aureus were 1.95 ppm, 1.95 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively. Computational analysis showed the isolates' interaction with key residues on the active site of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase from Escherichia coli and TyrRS from Streptococcus aureus. The findings indicate that the isolates exhibit a strong affinity for specific residues, including His333, Cys163, and Phe392 in β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, as well as Arg88, His117, Glu160, and Gln213 in TyrRS. Comparative energy calculations using MMPBSA demonstrate the isolates' favorable binding energy (-104,101 kJ/mol for β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and -81,060 kJ/mol for TyrRS) compared to ciprofloxacin. The elucidated antibacterial activity and molecular interactions of the isolates present valuable knowledge for future in vitro studies, facilitating the development of novel antibacterial agents targeting diverse bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny Kasmawati
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Arfan Arfan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Nurramadhani A. Sida
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Dimas Isnu Saputra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Analytical Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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Abdurrahman S, Ruslin R, Hasanah AN, Ifaya M, Mustarichie R. Anti-Alopecia Activity of Coumarin Derivatives Isolated from Merremia peltata Leaves and Computational Study of Their Binding to Androgen Receptors Using Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050669. [PMID: 37242452 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a condition in which hair on the scalp or other areas of the body is lost or falls out excessively. Nutritional deficiency causes blood flow to the head to decrease causing the hormone testosterone to be changed by the enzyme 5-α-reductase to dihydrotestosterone, which inhibits the growth phase and accelerates the death phase. One of the methods developed to treat alopecia is through inhibition of the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Ethnomedicinally, Merremia peltata leaf is used by the people of Sulawesi as a remedy for baldness. Therefore, in this research, an in vivo study was conducted on rabbits to determine the anti-alopecia activity of M. peltata leaf compounds. The structure of the compounds isolated from the M. peltata leaf ethyl acetate fraction was determined by analysis of NMR and LC-MS data. An in silico study was then carried out using minoxidil as a comparison ligand; scopolin (1) and scopoletin (2) isolated from M. peltata leaf were identified as anti-alopecia compounds by predicting docking, simulating molecular dynamics and predicting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADME-Tox). Compounds 1 and 2 had a better effect on hair growth compared to positive controls, and NMR and LC-MS analysis showed that they had comparable binding energies to receptors in the molecular docking interaction study: -4.51 and -4.65 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to -4.8 kcal/mol for minoxidil. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis with the parameters binding free energy calculated using the MM-PBSA method and complex stability based on SASA, PCA, RMSD, and RMSF showed that scopolin (1) has a good affinity for androgens receptors. The ADME-Tox prediction for scopolin (1) showed good results for the parameters of skin permeability, absorption and distribution. Therefore, scopolin (1) is a potential antagonist to androgen receptors and could be useful in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syawal Abdurrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mus Ifaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Rahayu D. Isolation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Protease Activity of Crude Bromelain of Pineapple Peel, Core, and Crown from Subang District, Indonesia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:42-48. [PMID: 37313543 PMCID: PMC10259738 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_26_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Bromelain is distributed to all parts of pineapple (Ananas comusus (L.) Merr), including the peel, core, and crown, which are agricultural waste that has not been utilized properly. Aims The purpose of this study was to determine the character and protease activity of crude bromelain from the Indonesian pineapple peel, core, and crown. The pineapple was collected from Subang district, West Java Province, Indonesia. Methods and Material The three crude bromelains were obtained through the precipitation process with ethanol, then a protein qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. Protease activity was determined by measuring the tyrosine produced from casein hydrolysis. The characters of crude bromelains were determined by evaluating the protease activity in various pH, temperature, and substrate concentration. Statistical Analysis Used One-way analysis of variance was conducted to analyze the data statistically. Results The three crude bromelains can be isolated from the peel, core, and crown of pineapple fruit with protease activity in the range of 38.32-46.78 units. Crude bromelains have an optimum temperature of 55°C for the peel and core and 35°C for the crown. All crude bromelains have an optimum pH of pH 7. The three crude bromelains have Vmax in the range of 140.85 to 285.71 units and KM in the range of 15298.59 to 18370.86 ppm. Conclusions It concluded that the three crude bromelains have protease activity with the specific character and kinetic parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyi Mekar Saptarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Driyanti Rahayu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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Mustarichie R, Rostinawati T, Pitaloka DAE, Saptarini NM, Iskandar Y. Herbal Therapy for the Treatment of Seborrhea Dermatitis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2391-2405. [PMID: 36387964 PMCID: PMC9651010 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s376700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Seborrhea dermatitis is a skin disorder that usually appears on parts of the body that have high density of sebaceous glands, such as the face, chest, and scalp. Clinical manifestations that generally appear as scaly skin and erythema. Seborrhea dermatitis is also known as one of the causes of alopecia. Treatments that can be used for seborrhea dermatitis are antifungal, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, and coal tar. There are concerns about poor adherence, resistance, and some side effects of drugs that have been used in the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis. Concerns regarding these issues increase the urgency for the development of new therapeutic agents in the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis. Research on medicinal plants has enormous potential to produce compounds with new structures and bioactivity. This review discusses clinical and in vitro studies related to the activity of several medicinal plants that have potential as a treatment for seborrhea dermatitis, as well as the compounds that play a role in these activities. Literature searches were carried out on the PubMed, Taylor & Francis, and SpringerLink databases using Boolean Operators to get 25 articles that match the keywords used. Of the 25 articles, six were clinical trials, while 19 were in vitro studies of Malassezia. Several plants have potential as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of seborrhea dermatitis by inhibiting the growth of Malassezia, decreasing sebum secretion, and decreasing symptoms associated with seborrhea dermatitis such as itching, pain or burning sensation, and redness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tina Rostinawati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nyi Mekar Saptarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yoppi Iskandar
- Biological Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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Kelutur FJ, Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Kurnia D. Molecular Docking of the Terpenes in Gorgonian Corals to COX-2 and
iNOS Enzymes as Anti-Inflammatory. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666211227162950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Because the inflammatory pathway is triggered by the enzymes cyclooxygenase-
2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inhibitors, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), are needed, although these have side effects. Therefore, the discovery and development
of natural medicine as a lead compound are needed. The gorgonian corals have been reported to contain
cyclic diterpenes with anti-inflammatory activities. The specific anti-inflammatory inhibitor potential has
not been reported regarding these secondary metabolites, whether in COX-2 or iNOS. Thus, the in silico
method is the right alternative.
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the potency of fifteen terpenes of the various gorgonian corals
to COX-2 and iNOS enzymes as an anti-inflammatory.
Methods:
Molecular docking was performed using ChemDraw Ultra 12.0, Chem3D Pro 12.0, Biovia
Discovery Studio 2016 Client®, Autodock Tools 4.2, prediction pharmacokinetics (Pre-ADMET), and
oral administration (Lipinski rule of five).
Results:
Potential terpenes based on ΔG (kcal/mol) and Ki (nM) to COX-2 were gyrosanol B (-10,32;
27,15), gyrosanol A (-10,20; 33,57), echinolabdane A (-9,81; 64,76). Only nine terpenes were specific to
COX-2 active sites, while for iNOS were palmonine F (-7.76; 2070), briarenol C (-7.55; 2910), and all
test compounds binding to the iNOS active sites. Pre-ADMET prediction obtained that HIA was very
excellent (70–100%), Caco-2 had moderate permeability (4–70 nm sec-1), and PPB had strong binding (>
90%). Eight terpenes qualified for the Lipinski rule of five.
Conclusion:
iNOS was a specific target for terpenes based on the free energy of binding (ΔG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Jayanto Kelutur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran,
West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nyi Mekar Saptarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran,
West Java, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran,
West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran,
West Java, Indonesia
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Kasmawati H, Mustarichie R, Halimah E, Ruslin R, Arfan A, Sida NA. Unrevealing the Potential of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain Fraction for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia by Inhibiting Androgen Receptors Based on LC-MS/MS Analysis, and In-Silico Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144358. [PMID: 35889232 PMCID: PMC9318048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) occurs due to over-response to androgens causing severe hair loss on the scalp, and requires the development of new and efficient drugs to treat this condition. This study explores and identifies secondary metabolites from Sansevieriatrifasciata Prain using the LC-MS/MS and in-silico method. The inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds from S. trifasciata Prain against androgen receptors (PDB ID: 4K7A) was evaluated molecularly using docking and dynamics studies by comparing their binding energies, interactions, and stability with minoxidil. The results of the LC-MS/MS analysis identified Methyl pyrophaeophorbide A (1), Oliveramine (2), (2S)-3′, 4′-Methylenedioxy-5, 7-dimethoxyflavane (3), 1-Acetyl-β-carboline (4), Digiprolactone (5), Trichosanic acid (6) and Methyl gallate (7) from the leaves subfraction of this plant. Three alkaloid compounds (compounds 1, 3, and 4), and one flavonoid (compound 2), had lower docking scores of −7.0, −5.8, −5.2, and −6.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The prediction of binding energy using the MM-PBSA approach ensured that the potency of the four compounds was better than minoxidil, with energies of −66.13, −59.36, −40.39, and −40.25 kJ/mol for compounds 1, 3, 2, and 4, respectively. The dynamics simulation shows the stability of compound 1 based on the trajectory analysis for the 100 ns simulation. This research succeeded in identifying the compound and assessing the anti-alopecia activity of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. Seven compounds were identified as new compounds never reported in Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. Four compounds were predicted to have better anti-alopecia activity than minoxidil in inhibiting androgen receptors through an in silico approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny Kasmawati
- Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Analytical Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Arfan Arfan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Nurramadhani A. Sida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.)
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Kasmawati H, Mustarichie R, Halimah E, Ruslin R, A Sida N. Antialopecia Activity and IR-Spectrometry Characterization of Bioactive Compounds From Sansevieria trifasciata P. Egypt J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.104463.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saputra BD, Levita J, Mustarichie R. Efficacy, Safety, and Drug–Drug Interactions for Insomnia Therapy in COVID-19 Patients. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:137-152. [PMID: 35087274 PMCID: PMC8789249 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s337053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a systemic viral infection. COVID-19 patients show diverse clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic, mild symptoms to severe symptoms characterized by severe respiratory distress. Sleep disorders or insomnia is one of the psychiatric problems that arise during the COVID-19 pandemic. The term used to define this particular insomnia is coronasomnia or COVID-19 insomnia. Data show that the prevalence of this problem is increasing, especially in the confirmed COVID-19 patient group. Anti-insomnia drugs such as hypnotics, sedatives, and anxiolytics are the easiest option. As with drugs generally, anti-insomnia drugs are associated with various safety issues, especially in people with COVID-19. Therefore, their use may be hazardous. The literature review aims to make health practitioners aware of the anti-insomnia drugs that have the best efficacy and safety issues that are clinically relevant from the use of anti-insomnia drugs and the interactions of anti-insomnia drugs with various drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. The articles were explored on PubMed and Cochrane Library, whereas the drug–drug interactions between the anti-insomnia and COVID-19 drugs were searched on Drugs.com Interaction Checker and Lexiomp-interact. Overall anti-insomnia drugs have efficacy in improving sleep parameters. Orexin receptor antagonist drugs have good efficacy in increasing WASO, LPS, and SE with an acceptable safety profile. Meanwhile, the combination of zolpidem, lorazepam, and diphenhydramine improved TST parameters better than other drugs. Side effects such as drowsiness and dizziness were among the most commonly reported effects. Therefore, attention and monitoring of the use of anti-insomnia drugs in COVID-19 patients need to be carried out by considering the side effects and interactions that are very risky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Dwi Saputra
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Resmi Mustarichie Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaTel +6222-84288888 Ext 3510 Email
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Kurnia D, Kelutur FJ, Mustarichie R. Potential anti-alopecia constituents from Theobroma cacao: An in silico study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:169-174. [PMID: 34159149 PMCID: PMC8177142 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_329_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis is local alopecia caused by a dermatophyte infection of the scalp. Trichophyton rubrum produces the squalene epoxidase enzyme, which has a crucial role in prolonged dermatophyte infection, as well as in synthesizing fatty acids in this dermatophyte group. This study analyzes Trichophyton cacao compounds as anti-alopecia by inhibiting the squalene epoxidase enzyme formation, in silico. The structure of T. cacao compounds was prepared using the MolView Web application. The compound docked to squalene epoxidase using AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8, followed by PyMOL for visualization, and the Proteins Plus program to analyze the complexity. The binding affinity value of catechin, epicatechin (−8.0 kcal/mol), and anthocyanin (−7.8 kcal/mol) compounds was higher than the positive control (terbinafine, −6.7 kcal/mol). Pre-ADMET demonstrated that catechin and epicatechin had moderate Human Intestinal Absorption (66.71%), but anthocyanin was very good (100%). Caco-2 parameters for catechin and epicatechin were relatively low (<4 nm s − 1), while anthocyanin, theobromine, and terbinafine were within 4–70 nm s − 1. Plasma protein binding shows catechin, epicatechin, and anthocyanin diffuse through the plasma membrane and interact with plasma proteins. The toxicity results for all compounds are mutagenic, and only terbinafine is carcinogenic. Based on the Lipinski's “Rule of Five,” compounds from T. Cacao can be given orally. Catechin and epicatechin compounds have the potential to act as anti-alopecia. These two compounds can diffuse and interact with plasma proteins so they are directly on the target when given orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Faruk Jayanto Kelutur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
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Abdurrahman S, Ruslin R, Hasanah AN, Mustarichie R. Molecular docking studies and ADME-Tox prediction of phytocompounds from Merremia peltata as a potential anti-alopecia treatment. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:132-139. [PMID: 34159143 PMCID: PMC8177154 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_222_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a condition in which some or all of the hair from the scalp is lost. One recent preventative measure is the inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase. Inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase converts circulating testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Ethnobotically, Merremia peltata is used as a baldness medicine by utilising compounds contained within the leaves. This research aimed to test activity of 18 known compounds contained within M. peltata) as anti-alopecia. Activity was based on their interaction with the androgen receptor (PDB code 4K7a) using molecular docking and ADME-Tox prediction. The stages of research performed were: preparation of androgen protein structure databases; preparation and optimization of three-dimensional structures of compounds using ChemDraw 8.0; molecular docking to the androgen receptor protein using Autodock 1.5.6.; and ADME-Tox prediction using the pkCSM tool. The following test compounds had strong bond energies (ΔG): compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate)-7.71 kcal/mol, compound 17 (alpha-amyrine)-6.34 kcal/mol, and Finasteride-6.03 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the ΔG of compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate) is better than of minoxidil (-4.8 kcal/mol) and also to gold-standard treatment compound, finasteride. ADME-Tox prediction for compound 16 showed favorable results in several metrics such as skin permeability, absorption, and distribution. Compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate) is therefore a potential androgen receptor antagonist and may be beneficial in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syawal Abdurrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Sciences, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Mustarichie R, Salsabila T, Iskandar Y. Determination of the Major Component of Water Fraction of Katuk ( Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) Leaves by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S611-S618. [PMID: 32148372 PMCID: PMC7020837 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_205_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) is one of the plants that are used to overcome baldness by the people of Kampung Mak Kemas, Malaysia. It is suspected that secondary metabolites contained in katuk leaves play a key role in stimulating hair growth. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the optimum method to obtain one of the chemical compounds in the water fraction and to identify the hypothesized chemical isolates in the water fraction katuk leave’s ethanol extract. Materials and Methods: The methods used in this study included the collection and determination of the katuk plant, the processing of the katuk, phytochemical filtrating, extracting with ethanol 96%, and fractionation using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents The water fraction of katuk leaves was analyzed by its components by thin-layer chromatography using the stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254, developer of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (4:1:5), and detection under ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 366 and 254nm, as well as with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent. To isolate the compounds from water fraction of katuk leaves, it was then eluted with a vacuum column chromatography by eluent with a level polarity that would get 11 subfractions. Each subfraction was checked by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography to see subfraction purity characterized by the appearance of a spot on the chromatogram plate. The isolate was analyzed using spot test, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, infrared spectrophotometer, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: The isolate was an alkaloid compound with a molecular mass of 406.3131 m/z with the molecular formula C21H39N6O2 as S, S-5, 5′-amino-4,4′-dihexyl-propyldihydropyrazol-3, 3-one. Conclusion: One of the chemical compounds contained in the water fraction of the ethanol extract of the katuk leaf was an alkaloid group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Salsabila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yoppi Iskandar
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Mustarichie R, Warya S, Saptarini N, Musfiroh I. Acute and Subchronic Toxicities of Indonesian Mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra L. (Miq.) Ethanol Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.60916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mustarichie R, Udin Z, Muchtaridi, Supriyatna. Identification and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Luffa acutangula Roxb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15208/mhsj.2012.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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