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Simovic I, Hilmi I, Ng RT, Chew KS, Wong SY, Lee WS, Riordan S, Castaño-Rodríguez N. ATG16L1 rs2241880/T300A increases susceptibility to perianal Crohn's disease: An updated meta-analysis on inflammatory bowel disease risk and clinical outcomes. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:103-121. [PMID: 37837511 PMCID: PMC10859713 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATG16L1 plays a fundamental role in the degradative intracellular pathway known as autophagy, being a mediator of inflammation and microbial homeostasis. The variant rs2241880 can diminish these capabilities, potentially contributing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To perform an updated meta-analysis on the association between ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD susceptibility by exploring the impact of age, ethnicity, and geography. Moreover, to investigate the association between rs2241880 and clinical features. METHODS Literature searches up until September 2022 across 7 electronic public databases were performed for all case-control studies on ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD. Pooled odds ratios (ORP ) and 95% CI were calculated under the random effects model. RESULTS Our analyses included a total of 30,606 IBD patients, comprising 21,270 Crohn's disease (CD) and 9336 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 33,329 controls. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was significantly associated with CD susceptibility, where the A allele was protective (ORP : 0.74, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77, p-value: <0.001), while the G allele was a risk factor (ORP : 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.39, p-value: 0.001), depending on the minor allele frequencies observed in this multi-ancestry study sample. rs2241880 was predominantly relevant in Caucasians from North America and Europe, and in Latin American populations. Importantly, CD patients harbouring the G allele were significantly more predisposed to perianal disease (ORP : 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p-value: 0.003). CONCLUSIONS ATG16L1 rs2241880 (G allele) is a consistent risk factor for IBD in Caucasian cohorts and influences clinical outcomes. As its role in non-Caucasian populations remains ambiguous, further studies in under-reported populations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seang Chew
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Zhu Y, Jiang H, Chen Z, Lu B, Li J, Shen X. Genetic association between IL23R rs11209026 and rs10889677 polymorphisms and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: evidence from 41 studies. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:87-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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3
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O'Donnell S, Borowski K, Espin-Garcia O, Milgrom R, Kabakchiev B, Stempak J, Panikkath D, Eksteen B, Xu W, Steinhart AH, Kaplan GG, McGovern DPB, Silverberg MS. The Unsolved Link of Genetic Markers and Crohn's Disease Progression: A North American Cohort Experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1541-1549. [PMID: 30801121 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While progress has been made in the identification of Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility loci, efforts to identify a genetic basis for disease progression have been less fruitful. The specific aim of this study was to build upon the major genetic advances made in IBD by applying genome-wide technologies toward predicting disease progression in CD. METHODS Crohn's disease cases (n = 1495) from 3 IBD centers were reviewed by experienced physicians. Clinical and demographic details were collected, focusing on the time to first disease progression. Genome-wide association (GWA) analysis was carried out on 3 clinical outcomes: 1) time to disease progression; 2) time to first abdominal surgery; and 3) a binary analysis of indolent vs progressive disease. Cox-proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS A GWA analysis was carried out to determine any genetic variation associated with the time to disease progression; 662 cases were included after quality control (QC) and exclusion of any cases with B2/B3 behavior at baseline (n = 450). There were 1360 cases included after QC in the time to abdominal surgery analysis. No variant reached genome-wide significance in any of the 3 analyses performed. Eight known IBD susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were found to be associated with time-to-abdominal surgery SMAD3 (rs17293632), CCR6 (rs1819333), CNTF (rs11229555), TSPAN14 (rs7097656), CARD9 (rs10781499), IPMK (rs2790216), IL10 (rs3024505), and SMURF1 (rs9297145) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our GWA study failed to show any SNP-phenotype association reaching genome-wide significance. It is likely that multiple variables affect disease progression, with genetic factors potentially having only a small effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O'Donnell
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Borowski
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raquel Milgrom
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Boyko Kabakchiev
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne Stempak
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deepah Panikkath
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bertus Eksteen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital IBD Group, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Borecki K, Zawada I, Salkić NN, Karakiewicz B, Adler G. Relationship between the IL23R SNPs and Crohn's Disease Susceptibility and Phenotype in the Polish and Bosnian Populations: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091551. [PMID: 31052515 PMCID: PMC6539781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that IL-23/IL-17 axis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL23R may have crucial role in pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Thus, we sought to assess the IL23R SNPs contribution to susceptibility and phenotype of CD. We recruited 117 CD subjects and 117 controls from Poland and 30 CD subjects and 30 controls from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Two common IL23R SNPs: rs1004819, rs7517847 were genotyped using TaqMan SNP assays. In the Polish population it was found that allele rs1004819: A increases the risk of CD, while allele rs7517847: A is protective against disease development. In Poles the co-carriage of two IL23R risk genotypes was associated with increased risk of CD. A significantly increased risk of CD early onset was observed in Poles carrying at least one rs7517847: G allele. It was also found that IL23R SNPs may be associated with structuring/penetrating CD behavior, as alleles rs1004819: A and rs7517847: G were significantly less frequent in patients without complications, from Poland and B&H, respectively. Allele rs1004819: A was also significantly more frequent in Poles with penetrating CD. These results confirm IL23R SNPs contribution to CD susceptibility in the Polish population and suggest their impact on early age of onset and more severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Nermin Nusret Salkić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Trnovac bb, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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5
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Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. MiRNAs and inflammatory bowel disease: An interesting new story. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3277-3293. [PMID: 30417350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder, is caused by a dysregulated and aberrant immune response to exposed environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite huge efforts in determining the molecular pathogenesis of IBD, an increasing worldwide incidence of IBD has been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of noncoding RNA molecules that are about 22 nucleotides long, and these molecules are involved in the regulation of the gene expression. By clarifying the important role of miRNAs in a number of diseases, their role was also considered in IBD; numerous studies have been performed on this topic. In this review, we attempt to summarize a number of studies and discuss some of the recent developments in the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Irantab.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Omidbakhsh A, Saeedi M, Khoshnia M, Marjani A, Hakimi S. Micro-RNAs -106a and -362-3p in Peripheral Blood of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Open Biochem J 2018; 12:78-86. [PMID: 30069249 PMCID: PMC6040212 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01812010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate various genes after binding to target mRNAs. Studies on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in relation with miRNA are much less shown. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression patterns of microRNA 106a and microRNA 362-3p in peripheral blood samples of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients including Crohn's Disease(CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Methods This study consisted of 32 CD, 32 UC patients and 32 controls. The expression level of the micro-RNAs -106a and -362-3p was determined using reverse transcription and real-time RT-PCR. Results Our findings showed that MiR-106a and miR-362-3p are expressed at significantly higher levels in the peripheral blood from patients with CD and UC compared to controls. MiR-106a and miR-362-3p expression are also different in the peripheral blood of patients regarding the activity score of the disease. There were significant differences of miR362-3p in active UC relative to inactive UC. Conclusion Altogether our findings suggest that miR-106a and miR-363-3p can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. The differences in expression of miR106a and miR362-3p in peripheral blood of the UC and CD patients in an active phase in comparison to inactive disease suggest that these miRNAs may be useful as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Omidbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Safoura Hakimi
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
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7
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Kordjazy N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Rohani MM, Gelfand EW, Rezaei N, Abdolghaffari AH. Role of toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:204-215. [PMID: 29155256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, studies of the interplay between the adaptive and innate immune responses have provided a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as IBD, as well as identification of novel targets for more potent interventions. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a significant role in the innate immune system and are involved in inflammatory processes. Activation of TLR signal transduction pathways lead to the induction of numerous genes that function in host defense, including those for inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antigen presenting molecules. It was proposed that TLR mutations and dysregulation are major contributing factors to the predisposition and susceptibility to IBD. Thus, modulating TLRs represent an innovative immunotherapeutic approach in IBD therapy. This article outlines the role of TLRs in IBD, focusing on both animal and human studies; the role of TLR-targeted agonists or antagonists as potential therapeutic agents in the different stages of the disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Kordjazy
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti Universtity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mojtaba Rohani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Bailey J. Editorial: Factors Promoting Development of Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:160. [PMID: 29018801 PMCID: PMC5622947 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bailey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Bailey,
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9
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Association of ATG16L1 gene haplotype with inflammatory bowel disease in Indians. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178291. [PMID: 28542425 PMCID: PMC5438258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by multigenic inheritance. Defects in autophagy related genes are considered to show genetic heterogeneity between populations. We evaluated the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) gene with IBD in Indians. The ATG16L1 gene was genotyped for ten different SNPs using DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 234 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 249 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 393 healthy controls The SNPs rs2241880, rs4663396, rs3792106, rs10210302, rs3792109, rs2241877, rs6737398, rs11682898, rs4663402 and rs4663421 were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray platform. PLINK was used for the association analysis and pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) values. Haplotype analysis was done using Haploview. All SNPs were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in cases and controls. The G allele at rs6737398 exhibited a protective association with both CD and UC. The T allele at rs4663402 and C allele at rs4663421 were positively associated with CD and UC. The T allele at rs2241877 exhibited protective association with UC only. The AA genotype at rs4663402 and the GG genotype at rs4663421 were protectively associated with both CD and UC. Haplotype analysis revealed that all the SNPs in tight LD (D' = 0.76-1.0) and organized in a single haplotype block. Haplotype D was positively associated with IBD (P = 5.8 x 10-6 for CD and 0.002 for UC). SNPs in ATG16L1 were associated with IBD in Indian patients. The relevance to management of individual patients requires further study.
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10
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Hassona Y, Scully C. Salivary changes in oral mucosal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2017; 70:111-27. [PMID: 26662486 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a unique biological fluid that can be easily collected and analyzed with low cost and low morbidity. Therefore, there is a growing attention for using salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Salivary changes have been described in relation to oral mucosal diseases. This article discusses the causes and consequences of salivary hypofunction and presents a review of the literature related to changes in salivary parameters in various oral mucosal diseases and in systemic diseases with possible oral mucosal involvement.
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11
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Zhang BB, Liang Y, Yang B, Tan YJ. Association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and the risk of Crohn's disease. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1636-1650. [PMID: 27698206 PMCID: PMC5805181 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate studies investigating the association
between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and Crohn’s disease. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies
focusing on the association of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease.
Combined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for four
genetic models (allelic model: G allele versus A allele; additive model: GG
versus AA; dominant model: GA + GG versus AA; recessive model: GG versus
GA + AA) using either a random effects or fixed effects model. Results A total of 47 case–control studies involving 18 638 cases and 30 181 controls
were included in the final meta-analysis. There was a significant
association between ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease for all
four genetic models. Significant associations were also shown in subgroup
analyses when stratified by study design (population- or
hospital-based). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the ATG16L1 genotype was
significantly associated with the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jun Tan
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
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12
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Common NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Crohn's Disease Phenotypes in Southeastern Brazilians. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2636-47. [PMID: 27107867 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether variants in NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 are associated with CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) in a genetically admixed population of Rio de Janeiro, where IBD has continued to rise. METHODS We recruited 67 consecutive patients with CD, 61 patients with UC, and 86 healthy and ethnically matched individuals as controls. DNA was extracted from buccal brush samples and genotyped by PCR with restriction enzymes for G908R and L1007finsC NOD2/CARD15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and for T399I and D299G TLR4 SNPs. Clinical data were registered for subsequent analysis with multivariate models. RESULTS NOD2/CARD15 G908R and L1007finsC SNPs were found in one and three patients, respectively, with CD. NOD2/CARD15 G908R and L1007finsC SNPs were not found in any patients with UC, but were found in three and three controls, respectively. With regard to the TLR4 gene, no significant difference was detected among the groups. Overall, none of the SNPs investigated determined a differential risk for a specific diagnosis. Genotype-phenotype associations were found in only CD, where L1007finsC was associated with colonic localization; however, TLR4 T399I SNP was associated with male gender, and D299G SNP was associated with colonic involvement, chronic corticosteroid use, and the need for anti-TNF-alpha therapy. CONCLUSION Variants of NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4 do not confer susceptibility to IBD, but appear to determine CD phenotypes in this southeastern Brazilian population.
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Choteau L, Vasseur F, Lepretre F, Figeac M, Gower-Rousseau C, Dubuquoy L, Poulain D, Colombel JF, Sendid B, Jawhara S. Polymorphisms in the Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene are Associated with Defective Mannose-Binding Lectin Functional Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29636. [PMID: 27404661 PMCID: PMC4940739 DOI: 10.1038/srep29636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin, together with mannose-associated serine proteases, activates the lectin pathway of the complement system and subsequent inflammatory mechanisms. An association between mannose-binding lectin deficiency and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody levels is observed in Crohn’s disease and this deficiency is frequently associated with a severe Crohn’s disease phenotype. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between serum concentrations of mannose-binding lectin, mannose-binding lectin functional activity, MBL2 and NOD2 polymorphisms, anti-S. cerevisiae antibody levels and clinical Crohn’s disease phenotype in 69 Crohn’s disease patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The results show that the MBL2 variant rs5030737 at codon 52 was associated with a low level of mannose-binding lectin and impaired mannose-binding lectin–mannose-associated serine protease (MBL-MASP) functional activity in Crohn’s disease patients. This MBL2 variant was also associated with a higher level of anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies. In addition, the NOD2 variant rs2066844, which is associated with susceptibility to Crohn’s disease, was significantly correlated with an impairment in MBL-MASP functional activity. These results provide evidence that Crohn’s disease patients have an impairment in MBL-MASP functional activity and that this defect is associated with MBL2 and NOD2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Choteau
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francis Vasseur
- Université Lille Nord de France, Unité de Biostatistique, EA 2694, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Corine Gower-Rousseau
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boualem Sendid
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- INSERM, U995, F-59000 Lille, France.,University Lille2, U995-LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, F-59000 Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides, have emerged as critical mediators of gene expression. As the dysregulation of gene expression can have far reaching impact on health and disease, miRNAs are being examined as potent new mediators of disease as either biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the contribution of miRNAs to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have evaluated the expression of miRNAs in tissue and body fluid specimens from patients with the main subtypes of IBD - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Unique miRNA expression patterns that may distinguish IBD subtypes have been uncovered. SUMMARY Significant progress has been made in illuminating the complex interactive networks of miRNAs and gene targets in IBD. The potential use of miRNAs as disease biomarkers or therapeutics shows promise. However, there are still significant hurdles to overcome before miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostics will be of clinical utility.
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Verstockt B, Cleynen I. Genetic Influences on the Development of Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:24. [PMID: 27303667 PMCID: PMC4885006 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrostenotic strictures are an important complication in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), very often necessitating surgery. This fibrotic process develops in a genetically susceptible individual and is influenced by an interplay with environmental, immunological, and disease-related factors. A deeper understanding of the genetic factors driving this fibrostenotic process might help to unravel the pathogenesis, and ultimately lead to development of new, anti-fibrotic therapy. Here, we review the genetic factors that have been associated with the development of fibrosis in patients with CD, as well as their potential pathophysiological mechanism(s). We also hypothesize on clinical implications, if any, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Verstockt
- Department of Medicine and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Abdollahi E, Tavasolian F, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Samadi M, Rafatpanah H. Protective role of R381Q (rs11209026) polymorphism in IL-23R gene in immune-mediated diseases: A comprehensive review. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:286-300. [PMID: 27043356 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a regulator of cellular immune responses involved in controlling infection and autoimmune diseases. Strong evidence has shown that IL-23 plays a role in the maintenance of immune responses by influencing the proliferation and survival of IL-17-producing T-helper (TH)-17 cells. The critical role of the IL-23/TH17 axis in immune-mediated diseases has emerged from different studies. It has also been seen that polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene might influence IL-23 responses. Interestingly, a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-23 receptor gene (IL-23R; rs11209026, 1142 G wild-type A reduced function, Arg381Gln, R381Q) seems to confer a measure of protection against development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, thyroiditis, recurrent spontaneous abortion and asthma, suggesting that a perturbation in the IL-23 signaling pathway is likely to be relevant to the pathophysiology of these diseases. The aim of this review was to provide an evaluation of what is currently known about the protective role of R381Q variant in IL-23R gene in immune-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- a Department of Medical Immunology , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran ;,b Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science , Yazd , Iran ;,c Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Fataneh Tavasolian
- d Department of Immunology , School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- c Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran ;,e Department of Medical Biotechnology , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Morteza Samadi
- f Department of Immunology , Shahid Sadoughi University , Yazd , Iran ;,g Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University , Yazd , Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- h Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV1 and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch , Mashhad , Iran ;,i Inflammation/Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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17
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Xu WD, Xie QB, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Association of Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18584. [PMID: 26678098 PMCID: PMC4683513 DOI: 10.1038/srep18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease (CD) report conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and CD. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) was used to estimate the strength of association. Finally, a total of 60 case-control studies in 56 articles, involving 22,820 CD patients and 27,401 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all CD and the rs7517847 polymorphism (OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.659 ~ 0.741, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of the rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629 and rs11465804 polymorphisms indicated the same pattern as for rs7517847. Meta-analysis showed an association between the rs10889677A allele and CD (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.328 ~ 1.461, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analysis of the rs2201840, rs1004819, rs1495965 and rs11209032 polymorphisms revealed the same pattern as that shown by meta-analysis of rs10889677. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that IL-23R gene polymorphisms were associated with CD in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians. In summary, the meta-analysis suggests a significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and CD, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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18
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Interleukin-23R rs7517847 T/G Polymorphism Contributes to the Risk of Crohn's Disease in Caucasians: A Meta-Analysis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:279849. [PMID: 26090488 PMCID: PMC4451526 DOI: 10.1155/2015/279849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between Interleukin-23R gene polymorphism and Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians is still controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between this gene variant and CD risk. We retrieved the available data from EMBASE and PUBMED until May 1, 2014, and evaluated the effect of rs7517847 in Caucasians. The significant associations were confirmed between rs7517847 and CD risk in dominant models (TT/TG versus GG: OR = 1.652, 95% CI 1.277, 2.137), allelic model (T allele versus G allele: OR = 1.327, 95% CI 1.198, 1.469), homozygote comparison (TT versus GG: OR = 1.890, 95% CI 1.465, 2.437), heterozygote comparison (TG versus GG: OR = 1.509, 95% CI 1.161, 1.960), and recessive model (TT versus TG/GG: OR = 1.409, 95% CI 1.279, 1.552). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that rs7517847 is associated with the risk of CD in Caucasians. These findings show that IL-23R genes confer susceptibility to CD in the Caucasians.
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19
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ATG16L1 and IL23R variants and genetic susceptibility to crohn's disease: mode of inheritance based on meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:768-76. [PMID: 25738374 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy and regulation of IL-23 signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We studied the mode of inheritance and reviewed the association of 2 polymorphic variants of ATG16L1 and IL23R with CD. METHODS We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases (up to May 2014) for pertinent articles. We included all studies that had a case-control design, with cases having CD and controls being healthy and reported full genotype frequencies for the ATG16L1 and/or IL23R variant of interest. We quantified the relative genetic risk using the model-free approach of the generalized odds ratio metric (ORG) and reported 95% precision estimates. Also, we explored the mode of inheritance using the degree of dominance h-index. RESULTS Fifty-one studies fulfilled these requirements and were included in the analysis. These studies involved 12,762 patients and 16,735 controls evaluating the association of ATG16L1 (rs2241880 p.Thr300Ala) and 8110 patients and 11,900 controls evaluating the association of IL23R (rs11209026 p.Arg381Gln) with CD. The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with increased susceptibility to CD (combined ORG = 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.48) and a nondominant mode of inheritance (suggesting that the effect of heterozygosity lies exactly in the middle of extreme homozygotes, h = 0). The IL23R variant rs11209026 was associated with significant protection (ORG = 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.53) and a recessive mode of inheritance, indicating that the effect of a heterozygous genotype would lie close to the wild-type homozygous genotype. In subgroup analysis, the significant effects persisted across Caucasian ancestry studies and pediatric populations but were lacking across studies in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with 38% increase in the risk for CD for higher mutational load, whereas IL23R variant rs11209026 decreased the risk by 54% for higher mutational load. The mode of inheritance for ATG16L1 variant demonstrated perfect additivity for genetic risk, whereas it showed recessiveness for the IL23R variant. This analysis permits risk stratification for CD based on the mutational status and highlight the need for additional studies in certain populations.
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20
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CNTNAP3 associated ATG16L1 expression and Crohn's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:404185. [PMID: 25883416 PMCID: PMC4391322 DOI: 10.1155/2015/404185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a common physiological process in cell homeostasis and regulation. Autophagy-related gene mutations and autophagy disorders are important in Crohn's disease (CD). The nucleotide oligomerization domain 2–autophagy genes autophagy 16-like 1 (NOD2–ATG16L1) signaling axis disorder contributes to the dysfunction of autophagy. This paper is focused on the relationship between contactin associated protein-like 3 (CNTNAP3) and ATG16L1 expression in Crohn's disease. The results indicated that the expression of ATG16L1 is higher in some CD patients compared to normal controls. ATG16L1 was well correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) in some CD patients. In vitro study revealed that CNTNAP3 could upregulate the expression of ATG16L1 and increase autophagy vacuoles.
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21
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Schaefer JS, Attumi T, Opekun AR, Abraham B, Hou J, Shelby H, Graham DY, Streckfus C, Klein JR. MicroRNA signatures differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25886994 PMCID: PMC4335694 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive and inappropriate immune responses are the hallmark of several autoimmune disorders, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A complex etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors influences IBD pathogenesis. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding RNAs involved in regulating numerous biological processes, to IBD pathology, in terms of initiation and progression, remains ill-defined. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between colon, peripheral blood, and saliva whole miRNome expression in IBD patients and non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls to identify miRNAs that could discriminate CD from UC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate and assess miRNA expression. Results Microarray analysis demonstrated that upwards of twenty six miRNAs were changed in CD and UC colon biopsies relative to the non-IBD controls. CD was associated with the differential expression of 10 miRNAs while UC was associated with 6 miRNAs in matched colon tissues. CD was associated with altered expression of 6 miRNAs while UC was associated with 9 miRNAs in whole blood. Expression of miR-101 in CD patients and miR-21, miR-31, miR-142-3p, and miR-142-5p in UC patients were altered in saliva. Conclusions Our results suggest that there is specific miRNA expression patterns associated with UC versus CD in three separate tissue/body fluids (colon, blood, and saliva). Further, the aberrant miRNA expression profiles indicate that miRNAs may be contributory to IBD pathogenesis, or at least reflect the underlying inflammation. Scrutinizing miRNA expression in saliva and blood samples may be beneficial in monitoring or diagnosing disease in IBD patients. A panel of miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-21, miR-31, miR-101, miR-146a, and miR-375) may be used as markers to identify and discriminate between CD and UC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-015-0069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Schaefer
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Taraq Attumi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Bincy Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jason Hou
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harold Shelby
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Charles Streckfus
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - John R Klein
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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22
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Serbati N, Senhaji N, Diakite B, Badre W, Nadifi S. IL23R and ATG16L1 variants in Moroccan patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:570. [PMID: 25159710 PMCID: PMC4162942 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Although their pathogenesis is unclear, the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental components are believed to be the main cause of these diseases. Recently, many variants in interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) and autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes have been associated with the disease. Our objective was to assess the frequency of ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants in Moroccan IBD (Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis) patients and to evaluate a possible effect of these variants on disease's phenotype and clinical course. METHODS 96 Moroccan IBD patients and 114 unrelated volunteers were genotyped for ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS This is the first report on the prevalence of ATG16L1 (T300A) and IL23R (L310P) variants in a Moroccan group. We found that IL23R (L310P) variant conferred a protective effect for crohn's disease (CD) but not ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The presence of ATG16L1 (T300A) mutated alleles was associated with CD type but not with disease onset. In addition, the carriage of T300A variant alleles conferred a protective effect in UC. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the prevalence of ATG16L1 and IL23R variants was not significantly different between patients and controls. However a possible role of ATG16L1 (T300A) on CD phenotype was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Serbati
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics- Medical school of Casablanca, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca, 19, rue Tarik ibn ziad, Casablanca, Morocco.
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23
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SCOLARO BL, SANTOS ED, FERREIRA LE, FRANÇA PHCD, KLEINUBING H, KOTZE PG, PINHO MDSL. T300A GENETIC POLYMORPHISM: a susceptibility factor for Crohn’s disease? ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2014; 51:97-101. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ContextCrohn’s disease is characterized by a chronic and debilitating inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Several factors may contribute to its development. From extensive studies of the human genome, the polymorphism T300A of the gene ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1) has been related to increased risk of developing this disease.ObjectivesAnalyze the role of polymorphism T300A (rs2241880) in patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods238 samples from (control group) and 106 samples from patients with Crohn’s disease recruited at five Southern Brazilian reference centers were evaluated. The genotyping consisted of the amplification via Polymerase Chain Reaction of the genomic segment encompassing T300A, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. The amplicons and fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed under ultraviolet light.ResultsThe genotype AG was more prevalent among patients and controls (50% vs 44.8%), followed by genotypes AA (26.4% vs 35.1%) and GG (23.6% vs 20.1%). The frequency of the allele G of the polymorphism T300A was higher in the group of patients with Crohn’s disease (48.6%) than in controls (42.4%), although not reaching statistical significance.ConclusionsIt was not possible to confirm the increased susceptibility on development of Crohn’s disease conferred by polymorphism T300A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Gustavo KOTZE
- Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Brasil
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24
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Magyari L, Kovesdi E, Sarlos P, Javorhazy A, Sumegi K, Melegh B. Interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel diseases susceptibility. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3208-22. [PMID: 24695754 PMCID: PMC3964393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), represents a group of chronic inflammatory disorders caused by dysregulated immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic markers are associated with disease phenotype and long-term evolution, but their value in everyday clinical practice is limited at the moment. IBD has a clear immunological background and interleukins play key role in the process. Almost 130 original papers were revised including meta-analysis. It is clear these data are very important for understanding the base of the disease, especially in terms of clinical utility and validity, but text often do not available for the doctors use these in the clinical practice nowadays. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature on interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms associated with IBD, performing an electronic search of PubMed Database from publications of the last 10 years, and used the following medical subject heading terms and/or text words: IBD, CD, UC, interleukins and polymorphisms.
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25
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Magyari L, Varszegi D, Sarlos P, Jaromi L, Melegh BI, Duga B, Kisfali P, Kovesdi E, Matyas P, Szabo A, Szalai R, Melegh B. Marked differences of haplotype tagging SNP distribution, linkage, and haplotype profile of IL23 receptor gene in Roma and Hungarian population samples. Cytokine 2013; 65:148-52. [PMID: 24332578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene have been found to play an important role in the development of several autoimmune diseases. We examined five susceptible (rs10889677, rs1004819, rs2201841, rs11805303, rs11209032), one protective (rs7517847) and two neutral variants (rs7530511, rs1884444) of the IL23R gene in pooled DNA of healthy Roma (Gipsy) and Hungarian population samples. Our aim was to determine the genetic variability of the major haplotype tagging polymorphisms, and the haplotype profile of IL23R between the two groups. We analyzed 273 healthy Roma and 253 Hungarian DNA samples using PCR/RFLP assay. Comparing the five susceptible conferring alleles, there were significant increase (p<0.05), while in the protective alleles, there were decrease in the allele frequencies in Roma population (p<0.05). One of the neutral alleles showed increase, the another one did not differ between the two groups. The haplotype analysis of the SNPs revealed fundamentally different association types of SNPs in the two groups; moreover, the frequencies of the various haplotypes also exhibited strong differences, as of ht4 and ht5 haplotypes were significantly higher, whereas the frequencies of ht2 and ht3 haplotypes were significantly lower in the Roma population than in Hungarians (p<0.05). The data presented here show profound differences in the IL23R genetic profiles in the Roma population, that likely has also clinical implications in respect their possible role in the development of certain immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Magyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dalma Varszegi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pecs, Kodaly 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Patricia Sarlos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Rakoczi 2, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Luca Jaromi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela I Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Duga
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Kisfali
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Erzsebet Kovesdi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Petra Matyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Szabo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Szigeti 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, Ifjusag 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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26
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Chua KH, Hilmi I, Lian LH, Patmanathan SN, Hoe SZ, Lee WS, Goh KL. Association between inflammatory bowel disease gene 5 (IBD5) and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) genetic polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:459-65. [PMID: 22908971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the possible association of Crohn's disease (CD) with inflammatory bowel disease gene 5 (IBD5) IGR2198a_1 (rs11739135), IGR2096a_1 (rs12521868) and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) genetic variant (rs1004819) in the Malaysian population. METHODS Blood samples from 80 CD patients and 100 healthy controls were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The results revealed that there was an increased frequency of IGR2198a_1 C allele (8.8% in CD, 1.5% in controls, P < 0.05, OR 6.30, 95% CI 1.77-22.31) and IGR2096a_1 T allele (6.9% in CD, 1.5% in controls, P < 0.05, OR 4.85, 95% CI 1.33-17.69) in the CD patients as compared to the controls, suggesting the two variants were potential risk factors of CD. Both risk alleles (C and T) were highest in Indians. In contrast, no significant difference was observed for the IL23R gene variant (rs1004819) between these two groups (P = 0.941). All genotypes and alleles of this gene variant were present in equal ratios in the CD and control groups (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.66-1.57 for T allele and OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.64-1.52 for C allele). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between both IBD5 locus variants but not the IL23R gene variant with CD in the Malaysian population. The IBD5 locus variants were highest in Indians, which may explain the increased susceptibility of this particular ethnic group to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Naser SA, Arce M, Khaja A, Fernandez M, Naser N, Elwasila S, Thanigachalam S. Role of ATG16L, NOD2 and IL23R in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:412-24. [PMID: 22346247 PMCID: PMC3270503 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases that includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. CD is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the mouth to the anus. Although there are gross pathological and histological similarities between CD and Johne’s disease of cattle, the cause of CD remains controversial. It is vital to understand fully the cause of this disease because it affects approximately 500 000 people in North America and Europe. It ranges from 27 to 48 cases per 100 000 people. There are many theories on the cause of CD ranging from possible association with environmental factors including microorganisms to imbalance in the intestinal normal flora of the patients. Regardless of the environmental trigger, there is strong evidence that a genetic disposition is a major key in acquiring CD. Many studies have proven the link between mutations in the ATG16L, NOD2/CARD15, IBD5, CTLA4, TNFSF15 and IL23R genes, and CD. The purpose of this review is to examine all genetic aspects and theories of CD, including up to date multiple population studies performed worldwide.
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A hospital-based study of clinical and genetic features of Crohn's disease. J Formos Med Assoc 2011; 110:600-6. [PMID: 21930071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the current incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) in Taiwan and examine its clinical/genetic characteristics because there has been a trend toward increased diagnosis in the Asia-Pacific area. The genetic background seen in CD cases in Taiwan seems to be different from that in Western countries. METHODS By reviewing the database in the National Taiwan University Hospital, CD patients were identified by clinical, endoscopic, and imaging findings. The clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients after obtaining informed consent. Polymerase chain reaction was performed with specific primers followed by direct sequencing to determine the single-nucleotide polymorphisms ATG16L1, CCR6, IL12B, IL23R, LRRK2, TNFSF2, and TNFSF15 CD-associated genes. RESULTS Clinical data from 110 CD patients were examined from 1988 to 2008, with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years. There was a marked increase in new CD diagnosis, especially after 2004. Among the 110 patients, 71 men and 39 women, the age at diagnosis was 30.5±17.8 years (mean±standard deviation). Stenosis occurred in 33.6% (37 of 110) and 40.9% (45 of 110) of patients who underwent surgery. The mortality rate was 2.7%, all because of sepsis. Genetic analysis of 39 patients showed that ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 were associated with susceptibility to CD in Taiwan. CONCLUSION Recently, the incidence of CD diagnosis in Taiwan has markedly increased. ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 are associated with CD in Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Crohn's disease is often purely inflammatory at presentation, but most patients develop strictures and fistulae over time (complicated disease). Many studies have suggested that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) mutations are associated with a varying but increased risk of complicated disease. An accurate and sufficiently powerful predictor of complicated disease could justify the early use of biological therapy in high-risk individuals. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain accurate estimates of the predictive power of the identified mutations (such as p.R702W, P.G908R, and p.Leu1007fsX1008) in NOD2 for the risk of complicated disease. METHODS An electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science identified 917 relevant papers. Inclusion required specification of genetic mutations at the individual level and disease phenotypes by Vienna classification (inflammatory (B1), stricturing (B2), and fistulizing (B3)). A total of 49 studies met these criteria, which included 8,893 subjects, 2,897 of whom had NOD2 mutations. Studies were weighted by median disease duration. Studies not providing duration data were weighted at the level of the study with the shortest disease duration (3.9 years). RESULTS The relative risk (RR) of the presence of any NOD2 mutant allele for complicated disease (B2 or B3) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.10-1.24; P<0.001). P.G908R was associated with an RR of complicated disease of 1.33 (95% CI 1.11-1.60; P=0.002). NOD2 did not predict perianal disease (P=0.4). The RR of surgery was 1.58 (95% CI 1.38-1.80; P<0.001). There was substantial heterogeneity across all studies (I(2)=66.7%). On the basis of logistic regression of these data, the sensitivity of any mutation in predicting complicated disease was 36% and specificity was 73%, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.56. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a single NOD2 mutation predicted an 8% increase in the risk for complicated disease (B2 or B3), and a 41% increase with 2 mutations. Surgery risk is increased by 58% with any NOD2 mutation, whereas perianal disease was unchanged. The predictive power associated with a single NOD2 mutation is weak. The RR of any NOD2 mutations for complicated disease was only 17% across 36 studies. However, the presence of two NOD2 mutations had 98% specificity for complicated disease. These data provide insufficient evidence to support top-down therapy based solely on single NOD2 mutations, but suggest that targeted early-intensive therapy for high-risk patients with two NOD2 mutations might be beneficial, if prospective trials can demonstrate changes in the natural history in this subset of patients.
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Thompson AI, Lees CW. Genetics of ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:831-48. [PMID: 21319274 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are related polygenic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), with distinct and overlapping susceptibility loci. Recently, hypothesis-free genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revolutionized the field of complex disease genetics. Substantial advances have been achieved in defining the genetic architecture of IBD. To date, over 60 published IBD susceptibility loci have been discovered and replicated, of which approximately a third are associated with both UC and CD, although 21 are specific to UC and 23 to CD. In CD, the breakthrough identification of NOD2 as a susceptibility gene was followed by a rapid phase of gene discovery from GWA studies between 2006 and 2008. Progress in UC was slower; however, by initially testing hits for CD in UC, and later scanning larger UC cohorts, significant new loci for UC have been discovered, with exciting novel insights into disease pathogenesis. Notably, genes implicated in mucosal barrier function (ECM1, CDH1, HNF4α, and laminin B1) confer risk of UC; furthermore, E-cadherin is the first genetic correlation between colorectal cancer and UC. Impaired IL10 signaling has reemerged as a key pathway in intestinal inflammation, and is perhaps the most amenable to therapeutic intervention in UC. Collaborative international efforts with large meta-analyses of GWA studies and replication will yield many new UC genes. Furthermore, a large effort is required to characterize the loci found. Fine-mapping, deep resequencing, and functional studies will be critical to translating these gene discoveries into pathogenic insights, and ultimately into clinical insights and novel therapeutics.
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Santana G, Bendicho MT, Santana TC, Reis LBD, Lemaire D, Lyra AC. The TNF-α -308 polymorphism may affect the severity of Crohn's disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1373-8. [PMID: 21915486 PMCID: PMC3161214 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this project was to analyze the association between Crohn's disease, its clinical features, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) -308 polymorphism. METHODS This is a case-control and cross-sectional study that enrolled 91 patients with Crohn's disease and 91 controls. Patients with Crohn's disease were characterized according to the Montreal Classification, along with their clinical and surgical treatment history. Analysis of the TNF-α -308 polymorphism was performed using a commercial kit. A stratified analysis was applied using an OR (odds ratio) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were utilized for analysis of the association between the polymorphism and the clinical features of Crohn's disease. RESULTS The low producer predicted phenotype was present in 76.9% of Crohn's disease cases and 75.8% of controls (OR 0.94 [0.45-1.97]). The TNF2 allele and the high producer predicted phenotype were more frequent among patients with Crohn's disease penetrating behavior (p = 0.004). The TNF2 allele and the high producer predicted phenotype were also associated with a history of colectomy (p = 0.02), and the TNF2 allele was associated with small bowel resection (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The TNF-α -308 polymorphism appears to affect the severity of the disease. However, TNF-α -308 polymorphism does not appear to be important for the susceptibility in the development of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoile Santana
- Federal University of Bahia/Prof. Edgard Santos University Hospital - Gastroenterology, Salvador/BA, Brazil.
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IL23R and IL12B SNPs and Haplotypes Strongly Associate with Crohn's Disease Risk in a New Zealand Population. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2010; 2010:539461. [PMID: 21253534 PMCID: PMC3021847 DOI: 10.1155/2010/539461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA samples from 339 Crohn's disease (CD) and 407 randomly selected controls from the Auckland (New Zealand) IBD project, were genotyped for five common single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-23R (rs11805303, rs7517847, rs1343151, rs11209026, and rs10889677) and two in IL-12B (rs1363670 and rs6887695). While the IL-12B variants did not show an overall association and other IL23R variants led to minor changes in the risk of CD, rs1343151 and/or rs7517847 variants in the IL-23R gene strongly reduced the risk of developing CD at both allelic and genotype levels. A significantly decreased risk of first diagnosis of childhood CD was observed in individuals carrying the A allele of rs1343151, or between 17–40 y in individuals carrying the G allele in rs7517847 of IL-23R. A significantly decreased risk of ileocolonic or structuring disease was observed in individuals carrying the A allele in either rs11209026 or rs1343151, or the G allele in rs7517847 of IL-23R, and when such individuals did develop the disease, they were unlikely to require a bowel resection. Certain haplotypes very strongly modified risk. There was evidence for interactions of IL-23R variants with the NOD2 wild-type (d/d) genotype. Down-regulating the function of the IL-23R gene may decrease CD risk in the normal population.
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Replication and meta-analysis of 13,000 cases defines the risk for interleukin-23 receptor and autophagy-related 16-like 1 variants in Crohn's disease. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2010; 24:297-302. [PMID: 20485703 DOI: 10.1155/2010/480458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Variants in the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes have been associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD). Both genes were identified through genome-wide association scans and subsequent studies have validated these associations. To assess the effect size of these variants, an independent case-control association study and meta-analysis were performed. METHODS British Caucasian subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (n=500) and 877 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for the disease-associated variants in IL23R and ATG16L1. In addition, meta-analyses of 12,991 patients and 14,598 controls, and 11,909 patients and 15,798 controls, were conducted on independently published data for the associations between IL23R and ATG16L1 variants and CD, respectively. RESULTS In the present cohort, both susceptibility variants showed highly significant associations, including IL23R (rs11209026, P=0.0006; OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67) and ATG16L1 (rs2241880, P=0.0017; OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.66). The meta-analysis based on the random effects model showed similar combined effects for rs11209026 (n=26, OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.46) and rs2241880 (n=25, OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.39). There was no statistically significant gene-gene interaction between caspase recruitment domain (CARD15) variants and the IL23R or ATG16L1 polymorphisms (P=0.44 and P=0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION The present cohort and meta-analysis provides strong evidence that, in addition to CARD15, polymorphisms in both IL23R and ATG16L1 alter susceptibility to CD and that these effects are consistent across all populations of European ancestry; however, only ATG16L1 is relevant to inflammatory bowel disease in the Asian population.
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Brest P, Corcelle E, Cesaro A, Chargui A, Belaïd A, Klionsky D, Vouret-Craviari V, Hebuterne X, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagy and Crohn's disease: at the crossroads of infection, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:486-502. [PMID: 20540703 PMCID: PMC3655526 DOI: 10.2174/156652410791608252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are common inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidences of IBD are high in North America and Europe, affecting as many as one in 500 people. These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Colorectal cancer risk is also increased in IBD, correlating with inflammation severity and duration. IBD are now recognized as complex multigenetic disorders involving at least 32 different risk loci. In 2007, two different autophagy-related genes, ATG16L1 (autophagy-related gene 16-like 1) and IRGM (immunity-related GTPase M) were shown to be specifically involved in CD susceptibility by three independent genome-wide association studies. Soon afterwards, more than forty studies confirmed the involvement of ATG16L1 and IRGM variants in CD susceptibility and gave new information on the importance of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) in the control of infection, inflammation, immunity and cancer. In this review, we discuss how such findings have undoubtedly changed our understanding of CD pathogenesis. A unifying autophagy model then emerges that may help in understanding the development of CD from bacterial infection, to inflammation and finally cancer. The Pandora's box is now open, releasing a wave of hope for new therapeutic strategies in treating Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Brest
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - E.A. Corcelle
- Apoptosis Department and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Cesaro
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - A. Chargui
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - A. Belaïd
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - D.J. Klionsky
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V. Vouret-Craviari
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - X. Hebuterne
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif, Hôpital L'Archet II, Nice, France
| | - P. Hofman
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - B. Mograbi
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Lacher M, Schroepf S, Helmbrecht J, Von Schweinitz D, Ballauff A, Koch I, Lohse P, Osterrieder S, Kappler R, Koletzko S. Association of the interleukin-23 receptor gene variant rs11209026 with Crohn's disease in German children. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:727-733. [PMID: 20192940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Genome-wide association studies have described variants within the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) locus to be associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated the association of rs11209026 (p.Arg381Gln) and rs7517847 (c.799-3588T>G) into German paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and analysed IL23R transcriptional activity in colonic tissues. METHODS The rs11209026 and rs7517847 nucleotide substitutions were determined in 353 German children with IBD (221 CD, 132 UC) and 253 controls using pre-designed TaqMan((R)) SNP genotyping assays. In selected IBD patients and controls, IL23R mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS The prevalence of the rs11209026 A allele was lower in CD patients, but not in UC patients, when compared with controls (1.8% vs 7.1%, p < 0.01). The rs7517847 variant, in contrast, was associated neither with CD nor with UC. IL23R expression was variable in IBD patients compared with controls without significant overexpression or downregulation. CONCLUSION Our study provides additional support for the strong protection of the rs11209026 (p.Arg381Gln) variant against paediatric CD. IL23R was expressed in both CD and UC with a great variability. However, expression levels showed no significant association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lacher
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Schroepf
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Helmbrecht
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Von Schweinitz
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Ballauff
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - I Koch
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Lohse
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Osterrieder
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Kappler
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Koletzko
- . Department of Paediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany. Department of Clinical Chemistry - Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Paediatrics, Devision of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Gazouli M, Pachoula I, Panayotou I, Mantzaris G, Chrousos G, Anagnou NP, Roma-Giannikou E. NOD2/ CARD15, ATG16L1 and IL23R gene polymorphisms and childhood-onset of Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1753-8. [PMID: 20380008 PMCID: PMC2852824 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i14.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess whether the polymorphisms of NOD2/CARD15, autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) genes play a more critical role in the susceptibility of childhood-onset than in adult-onset Crohn’s disease (CD).
METHODS: Polymorphisms R702W, G908R, and 3020insC of NOD2/CARD15; rs2241880 A/G of ATG16L1, and rs11209026 (R381Q) of IL23R gene were assessed in 110 childhood-onset CD, 364 adult-onset CD, and 539 healthy individuals. Analysis of polymorphisms R702W, G908R, and 3020insC of NOD2/CARD15 genotyping was performed by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The polymorphisms rs2241880 A/G of the ATG16L1, and rs11209026 (R381Q) of the IL23R gene in the children’s cohort were genotyped by PCR and melting curve analysis whereas adult group genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0 (500K).
RESULTS: The 3020insC allele in NOD2/CARD15 was significantly higher in childhood than in adult-onset CD (P = 0.0067). Association with at least 1 NOD2/CARD15 variant was specific for ileal disease (with or without colonic involvement). Even if the frequency of G allele of the rs2241880 ATG16L1 polymorphism was increased in both paediatric and adult CD patients compared to controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.001, respectively), no difference was observed between the childhood and the adult cohort. The rare Q allele of IL23R rs11209026 polymorphism was underrepresented in both paediatric and adult CD cases (P = 0.0018 and P = 0.04, respectively) and no difference was observed between the childhood and the adult cohort. The presence of the rs2241880 ATG16L1 and rs11209026 IL23R polymorphisms did not influence disease phenotype.
CONCLUSION: Polymorphism 3020insC in NOD2/CARD15 occurs statistically significantly more often in patients with childhood-onset CD than in patients with adult-onset CD. The ATG16L1 and IL23R variants are associated with susceptibility to CD, but not early-onset disease.
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Cheng JF, Ning YJ, Zhang W, Lu ZH, Lin L. T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1258-66. [PMID: 20222171 PMCID: PMC2839180 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i10.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association of the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) T300A polymorphism (rs2241880) with predisposition to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by means of meta-analysis.
METHODS: Publications addressing the relationship between rs2241880/T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were selected from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. To make direct comparisons between the data collected in these studies, the individual authors were contacted when necessary to generate a standardized set of data from these studies. From these data, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: Twenty-five studies of CD were analyzed, 14 of which involved cases of UC. The variant G allele of ATG16L1 was positively associated with CD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, P < 0.00001) and UC (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, P = 0.02). For child-onset IBD, a higher G allele frequency was found for cases of CD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.57, P = 0.0001) than for cases of UC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81-1.19, P = 0.84) relative to controls.
CONCLUSION: The ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to CD and UC in adults, but different in children, which implicates a role for autophagy in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Lin Z, Poritz L, Franke A, Li TY, Ruether A, Byrnes KA, Wang Y, Gebhard AW, MacNeill C, Thomas NJ, Schreiber S, Koltun WA. Genetic association of nonsynonymous variants of the IL23R with familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease in women. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:739-46. [PMID: 19294505 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To replicate the association of IL23R R381Q (rs11209026) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), examine the effect of the two nonsynonymous variations, Q3H and L310P, on IBD, and to study gender distribution of these variants in IBD patients. RESULTS IL23R R381Q was associated with Crohn's disease (CD) (P = 0.010), but not with ulcerative colitis (UC); L310P was associated with UC (P = 0.004), but not with CD; no association was observed for Q3H with CD or UC. A female-specific association of R381Q with CD (P = 0.041), and of L310P with UC (P = 0.008) was observed. CONCLUSION We replicated the association of IL23R R381Q with CD but not UC, and we observed an association of L310P with UC, but not CD, in a central Pennsylvania population. Further analysis of the distribution of IL23R variants revealed that these effects were largely female-specific. The results suggest that IL23R R381Q confers protection against CD and that L310P confers protection against UC in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Lin
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Li Y, Mao Q, Shen L, Tian Y, Yu C, Zhu WM, Li JS. Interleukin-23 receptor genetic polymorphisms and Crohn's disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:607-14. [PMID: 20157760 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) polymorphisms were associated with Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for studies that investigated the IL-23R variants and CD risk. Meta-analysis from all eligible case-control studies was performed to assess the purported associations. RESULTS Our analysis found that variant minor alleles for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.37-0.50)) and rs7517847 (G/G vs. T/T, P < 0.00001, OR = 0.49, 95% CI (0.38-0.64); G/G vs. T/G + T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.44-0.72); T/G + G/G vs. T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.64-0.79) of IL-23R were inversely associated with CD risk; sensitivity analysis also indicated that Caucasian population with a variant of Arg381Gln has a decreased risk for developing CD (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.36-0.50)). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis supports that two polymorphisms (Arg381Gln and rs7517847) within the IL-23R gene may be considered to be protective factors against developing CD. Further large case-control studies especially concerning ethnicity differences and genotype-phenotype interaction should be performed to clarify possible roles of IL-23R in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Márquez A, Núñez C, Martínez A, Mendoza JL, Taxonera C, Fernández-Arquero M, Díaz-Rubio M, de la Concha EG, Urcelay E. Role of ATG16L1 Thr300Ala polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease: a Study in the Spanish population and a meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:1697-704. [PMID: 19575361 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thr300Ala polymorphism in ATG16L1 was reported as a susceptibility factor to Crohn's disease (CD). Inconsistently replicated associations with ulcerative colitis (UC) and specifically with ileal CD were also reported. Our aims were: to replicate the ATG16L1 Thr300Ala association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Spanish population, to perform a meta-analysis to determine the risk conferred to the different IBD subgroups, and to test for the interaction with CARD15 or IL23R risk loci. METHODS Thr300Ala (rs2241880) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped in 712 IBD patients and 745 controls by TaqMan technology. Genetic frequencies were compared with chi-square tests. Our findings were pooled in a meta-analysis. RESULTS In Spain, we observed an association of rs2241880 with CD (P = 0.008; odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.28 [1.06-1.54]), but not with UC. No significant differences emerged when patients were stratified by clinical features. Similarly, the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association only with CD (P < 10(-4); OR [95% CI] = 1.33 [1.28-1.38]). A significant difference between ileal CD patients and controls was observed, but heterogeneity was found in comparisons involving colonic CD patients and definite conclusions cannot be drawn. No interaction between rs2241880 and the established CARD15 or IL23R susceptibility variants was observed. CONCLUSIONS The Thr300Ala polymorphism is associated with CD, regardless of the CARD15 or IL23R status, but not with UC. Stratification by clinical phenotypes did not show definitive results because of the existing heterogeneity among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Márquez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Lees CW, Satsangi J. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: implications for disease pathogenesis and natural history. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 3:513-34. [PMID: 19817673 DOI: 10.1586/egh.09.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data, detailed molecular studies and recent genome-wide association studies strongly suggest that ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are related polygenic diseases that share some susceptibility loci, but differ at others. To date, there are more than 50 confirmed inflammatory bowel disease genes/loci, a number that is widely anticipated to at least double in the next 2 years. Germline variation in IL23R, IL12B, JAK2 and STAT3 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility, consistent with the newly described role for IL23 signaling and Th17 cells in disease pathogenesis. Several genes involved in different aspects of bacterial handling are defective only in CD, including NOD2 and the autophagy genes ATG16L1 and IRGM. IL10 and ECM1 are associated with UC, while inherited variation at the HLA region is related to an inflammatory colonic phenotype. The application of genome-wide association studies to inflammatory bowel disease has been successful in defining the genetic architecture of CD and UC and in delivering genuinely novel and important insights into disease pathogenesis. This has unearthed a plethora of attractive targets for the development of future therapeutics. Insights into the natural history of these complex diseases will follow and may enable appropriate patient selection for early aggressive therapy with the view to modifying the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie W Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Abstract
The mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is partially understood, but it is certain that a genetic predisposition, through the inheritance of a number of contributory genetic polymorphisms, contributes to the pathogenesis of IBD. These variant forms of genes may be associated with an abnormal response to normal luminal bacteria. Those genes that have been consistently associated with IBD thus far primarily fall into one of three classes: those affecting bacterial recognition, those affecting immune response, and a third group affecting mucosal transport polarity or mucosal transporter function. This article reviews the IBD related genes mentioned above.
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McGovern DPB, Rotter JI, Mei L, Haritunians T, Landers C, Derkowski C, Dutridge D, Dubinsky M, Ippoliti A, Vasiliauskas E, Mengesha E, King L, Pressman S, Targan SR, Taylor KD. Genetic epistasis of IL23/IL17 pathway genes in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:883-9. [PMID: 19235914 PMCID: PMC2916929 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL23/IL17 pathway is pivotal in the development of chronic mucosal inflammation seen in Crohn's disease (CD). Genetic variants in the IL23R and IL12B have been associated with CD susceptibility. We investigated 10 genes within the IL23/IL17 pathway in a case-control study of 763 CD cases and 254 healthy controls. METHODS We identified a novel association in haplotypes in IL17A (empirical P = 0.02), IL17RA (P = 0.001), IL17RD (P = 0.001), IL12RB1 (P = 0.003), and IL12RB2 (P = 0.001) as well as confirming the association with IL12B variants (P = 0.003). RESULTS The cumulative risk for carrying an increased number of CD risk haplotypes from genes in this pathway rises to an odds ratio of 4.3 for carrying 5 risk haplotypes. We have previously demonstrated an association between this cohort and IL23R haplotypes. Pairwise analyses suggest that there is statistical interaction between variants in IL17A and IL23R (P = 0.047) and between variants in IL17RA and IL23R (P = 0.036). Furthermore, a significant association between CD and the widely replicated IL23R variants is only seen in the presence of IL17A or IL17RA variants. CONCLUSIONS These data support the investigation of pathways implicated in CD pathogenesis in order to identify further susceptibility genes and also suggest that important gene-gene interaction is present in CD susceptibility.(Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot P B McGovern
- Medical Genetics Institute & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Zhang HF, Qiu LX, Chen Y, Zhu WL, Mao C, Zhu LG, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Lei L, Shi J. ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism and Crohn's disease susceptibility: evidence from 13,022 cases and 17,532 controls. Hum Genet 2009; 125:627-31. [PMID: 19337756 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the association between the autophagy-related 16-like 1 gene (ATG16L1) T300A polymorphism (rs2241880) and Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility, but the results were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 24 studies including 13,022 cases and 17,532 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism was associated with CD risk in Caucasians (P < 0.01). The pooled estimations of OR(1) (GG vs. AA) and OR(2) (GA vs. AA) in Caucasian studies by Bayesian meta-analysis method was [1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-2.05] and (1.39, 95% CI 1.27-1.51), respectively. The mode of heritance of the G allele was most likely to be co-dominant in Caucasians. However, no significant association was found in Asians. This meta-analysis suggests that the G allele of ATG16L1 T300A is a low-penetrant gene for developing CD in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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