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Dujon AM, Ujvari B, Tissot S, Meliani J, Rieu O, Stepanskyy N, Hamede R, Tokolyi J, Nedelcu A, Thomas F. The complex effects of modern oncogenic environments on the fitness, evolution and conservation of wildlife species. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13763. [PMID: 39100750 PMCID: PMC11294924 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that human activities are causing cancer rates to rise in both human and wildlife populations. This is due to the inability of ancestral anti-cancer defences to cope with modern environmental risks. The evolutionary mismatch between modern oncogenic risks and evolved cancer defences has far-reaching effects on various biological aspects at different timeframes, demanding a comprehensive study of the biology and evolutionary ecology of the affected species. Firstly, the increased activation of anti-cancer defences leads to excessive energy expenditure, affecting other biological functions and potentially causing health issues like autoimmune diseases. Secondly, tumorigenesis itself can impact important fitness-related parameters such as competitiveness, predator evasion, resistance to parasites, and dispersal capacity. Thirdly, rising cancer risks can influence the species' life-history traits, often favoring early reproduction to offset fitness costs associated with cancer. However, this strategy has its limits, and it may not ensure the sustainability of the species if cancer risks continue to rise. Lastly, some species may evolve additional anti-cancer defences, with uncertain consequences for their biology and future evolutionary path. In summary, we argue that the effects of increased exposure to cancer-causing substances on wildlife are complex, ranging from immediate responses to long-term evolutionary changes. Understanding these processes, especially in the context of conservation biology, is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Dujon
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Océane Rieu
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Nikita Stepanskyy
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jácint Tokolyi
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology, MTA‐DE “Momentum” Ecology, Evolution and Developmental Biology Research GroupUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Aurora Nedelcu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of new BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
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2
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Gaikwad PS, Hole A, Saxena V, Choudhury S, Nath BB, Krishna CM, Mukhopadhyaya R. Vibrational spectroscopic detection of radiation-induced structural changes in Chironomus hemoglobin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101721. [PMID: 38766383 PMCID: PMC11101703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chironomus hemoglobin is known to exhibit higher gamma radiation resistance compared to human hemoglobin. In the present study, we have introduced a sensitive method to analyze radiation-induced alterations in Chironomus hemoglobin using Vibrational spectroscopy and further highlighting its potential for monitoring radiotoxicity in aquatic environments. Materials and methods Vibrational spectroscopic methods such as Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to capture the distinctive chemical signature of Chironomus hemoglobin (ChHb) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Any radiation dose-dependent shifts could be analyzed Human hemoglobin (HuHb) as standard reference. Results Distinctive Raman peak detected at 930 cm-1 in (ChHb) was attributed to C-N stretching in the heterocyclic ring surrounding the iron atom, preventing heme degradation even after exposure to 2400 Gy dose. In contrast, for (HuHb), the transition from deoxy-hemoglobin to met-hemoglobin at 1210 cm-1 indicated a disruption in oxygen binding after exposure to 1200 Gy dose. Furthermore, while ChHb exhibited a consistent peak at 1652 cm-1 in FT-IR analysis, HuHb on the other hand, suffered damage after gamma irradiation. Conclusion The findings suggest that vibrational spectroscopic methods hold significant potential as a sensitive tool for detecting radiation-induced molecular alterations and damages. Chironomus hemoglobin, with its robust interaction of the pyrrole ring with Fe, serves as a reliable bioindicator molecule to detect radiation damage using vibrational spectroscopic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi S. Gaikwad
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
- Gene Technology Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Vibha Saxena
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sipra Choudhury
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Bimalendu B. Nath
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
- MIE-SPPU Institute of Higher Education, Doha, Qatar, 122104
| | - C. Murali Krishna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Rita Mukhopadhyaya
- Gene Technology Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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Nonaka S, Odaka M, Takada A, Senoo Y, Sawano T, Ozaki A, Murakami M, Yoshida M, Uchi Y, Onoda K, Oikawa T, Tsubokura M. Primary care clinic visits in formerly evacuated areas due to radiation disaster following the Great East Japan Earthquake: A retrospective descriptive study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37942. [PMID: 38701284 PMCID: PMC11062722 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation disasters pose distinctive medical challenges, requiring diverse care approaches. Beyond radiation exposure assessment, addressing health impacts due to lifestyle changes, especially among vulnerable populations, is vital. Evacuation orders issued in radiation-affected areas introduce unique healthcare dynamics, with their duration significantly influencing the recovery process. Understanding evolving patient demographics and medical needs after lifting evacuation orders is crucial for post-disaster care planning. Minamisoma Municipal Odaka Hospital, located 13 to 20 km from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant in a post-evacuation zone, was greatly affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent radiation disaster. Data were retrospectively collected from patient records, including age, gender, visit date, diagnoses, and addresses. Patient records from April 2014 to March 2020 were analyzed, comparing data before and after the July 2016 evacuation order lift. Data was categorized into pre and post-evacuation order lifting periods, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition codes, to identify the top diseases. Statistical analyses, including χ-square tests, assessed changes in disease distributions. Population data for Odaka Ward and Minamisoma City fluctuated after lifting evacuation orders. As of March 11, 2011, Odaka Ward had 12,842 residents (27.8% aged 65+ years), dropping to 8406 registered residents and 2732 actual residents by April 30, 2018 (49.7%). Minamisoma City also saw declines, with registered residents decreasing from 71,561 (25.9%) to 61,049 (34.1%). The study analyzed 11,100 patients, mostly older patients (75.1%), between 2014 and 2020. Post-lifting, monthly patient numbers surged from an average of 55.2 to 213.5, with female patients increasing from 33.8% to 51.7%. Disease patterns shifted, with musculoskeletal cases declining from 23.8% to 13.0%, psychiatric disorders increasing from 9.3% to 15.4%, and trauma-related cases decreasing from 14.3% to 3.9%. Hypertension (57.1%) and dyslipidemia (29.2%) prevailed post-lifting. Urgent cases decreased from 1.3% to 0.1%. This study emphasizes the importance of primary care in post-evacuation zones, addressing diverse medical needs, including trauma, noncommunicable diseases, and psychiatric disorders. Changing patient demographics require adaptable healthcare strategies and resource allocation to meet growing demands. Establishing a comprehensive health maintenance system tailored to these areas' unique challenges is crucial for future disaster recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nonaka
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Taito Hospital, Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Odaka
- Clinic Director, Odaka Clinic Affiliated with Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akemi Takada
- Department of Nursing, Odaka Clinic Affiliated with Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Senoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi-Totsuka Memorial Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan (current address)
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuna Uchi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onoda
- Department of Nursing, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Oikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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de Souza Pereira W, Kelecom A, Lopes JM, Charles-Pierre M, do Carmo AS, Paiva AK, Pelegrinelli SQ, Filho WSS, Silva LF, da Silva AX. Internal dose rate due to intake of uranium and thorium by fish from a dam reservoir associated with a uranium mine in Brazil. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2024; 63:97-107. [PMID: 38197922 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Uranium mining can cause environmental impacts on non-human biota around mine sites. Because of this, the reduction in non-human biota exposure becomes an important issue. Environmental radioprotection results from the evolution of human radioprotection; it is based on dose rate to non-human biota and uses, as a biological target, and has harmful effects on populations. In the present study, a flooded impoundment created following dam construction in a uranium mine plant undergoing decommissioning was investigated. Internal dose rates due to activity concentration of natural uranium (Unat) and 232Th in omnivorous, phytophagous, and carnivorous fish species were estimated. Radionuclide activity concentrations were obtained by spectrophotometry with arsenazo III in the visible range. The dose rate contribution of 232Th was lower than that of Unat. There were no differences between the internal dose rates to studied fish species due to 232Th, but there were differences for Unat. A dose rate of 2.30·10-2 µGy∙d-1 was found due to the two studied radionuclides. Although this value falls below the benchmark for harmful effects, it is important to acknowledge that the assessment did not account for other critical radionuclides from uranium mining, which also contribute to the internal dose. Moreover, the study did not assess external doses. As a result, the possibility cannot be excluded that dose rates at the study area overcome the established benchmarks for harmful effects.
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5
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Ruprecht NA, Singhal S, Schaefer K, Panda O, Sens D, Singhal SK. A Review: Multi-Omics Approach to Studying the Association between Ionizing Radiation Effects on Biological Aging. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:98. [PMID: 38392316 PMCID: PMC10886797 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Multi-omics studies have emerged as powerful tools for tailoring individualized responses to various conditions, capitalizing on genome sequencing technologies' increasing affordability and efficiency. This paper delves into the potential of multi-omics in deepening our understanding of biological age, examining the techniques available in light of evolving technology and computational models. The primary objective is to review the relationship between ionizing radiation and biological age, exploring a wide array of functional, physiological, and psychological parameters. This comprehensive review draws upon an extensive range of sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, government documents, and reputable websites. The literature review spans from fundamental insights into radiation effects to the latest developments in aging research. Ionizing radiation exerts its influence through direct mechanisms, notably single- and double-strand DNA breaks and cross links, along with other critical cellular events. The cumulative impact of DNA damage forms the foundation for the intricate process of natural aging, intersecting with numerous diseases and pivotal biomarkers. Furthermore, there is a resurgence of interest in ionizing radiation research from various organizations and countries, reinvigorating its importance as a key contributor to the study of biological age. Biological age serves as a vital reference point for the monitoring and mitigation of the effects of various stressors, including ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation emerges as a potent candidate for modeling the separation of biological age from chronological age, offering a promising avenue for tailoring protocols across diverse fields, including the rigorous demands of space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Ruprecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Kalli Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Om Panda
- Department of Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Donald Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sandeep K Singhal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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6
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Pradhoshini KP, Priyadharshini M, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MS, Parveen MHS, War MUD, Musthafa MS, Alam L, Falco F, Faggio C. Biological effects of ionizing radiation on aquatic biota - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104091. [PMID: 36870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from radionuclides impacts marine aquatic biota and the scope of investigation must be wider than just invertebrates. We intend to detail and illustrate numerous biological effects that occur in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, at various dose rates from all three kinds of ionizing radiation. The characteristics of radiation sources and dosages that would most effectively generate the intended effects in the irradiated organism were assessed once the biological differentiation between vertebrates and invertebrates was determined through multiple lines of evidence. We contend that invertebrates are still more radiosensitive than vertebrates, due to their small genome size, rapid reproduction rates and lifestyle, which help them to compensate for the effects of radiation induced declines in fecundity, life span and individual health. We also identified various research gaps in this field and suggest future directions to be investigated to remedy the lack of data available in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamat Hanifa Shafeeka Parveen
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mehraj Ud Din War
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Franscesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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7
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Song Y, Zheng K, Brede DA, Gomes T, Xie L, Kassaye Y, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Multiomics Point of Departure (moPOD) Modeling Supports an Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Ionizing Radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3198-3205. [PMID: 36799527 PMCID: PMC9979642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While adverse biological effects of acute high-dose ionizing radiation have been extensively investigated, knowledge on chronic low-dose effects is scarce. The aims of the present study were to identify hazards of low-dose ionizing radiation to Daphnia magna using multiomics dose-response modeling and to demonstrate the use of omics data to support an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network development for ionizing radiation. Neonatal D. magna were exposed to γ radiation for 8 days. Transcriptomic analysis was performed after 4 and 8 days of exposure, whereas metabolomics and confirmative bioassays to support the omics analyses were conducted after 8 days of exposure. Benchmark doses (BMDs, 10% benchmark response) as points of departure (PODs) were estimated for both dose-responsive genes/metabolites and the enriched KEGG pathways. Relevant pathways derived using the BMD modeling and additional functional end points measured by the bioassays were overlaid with a previously published AOP network. The results showed that several molecular pathways were highly relevant to the known modes of action of γ radiation, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein degradation, and apoptosis. The functional assays showed increased oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP pool. Ranking of PODs at the pathway and functional levels showed that oxidative damage related functions had relatively low PODs, followed by DNA damage, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. These were supportive of causal events in the proposed AOP network. This approach yielded promising results and can potentially provide additional empirical evidence to support further AOP development for ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Keke Zheng
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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8
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Burraco P, Orizaola G. Ionizing radiation and melanism in Chornobyl tree frogs. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1469-1479. [PMID: 36187188 PMCID: PMC9488684 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human actions are altering ecosystems worldwide. Among human‐released pollutants, ionizing radiation arises as a rare but potentially devastating threat to natural systems. The Chornobyl accident (1986) represents the largest release of radioactive material to the environment. Our aim was to examine how exposure to radiation from the Chornobyl accident influences dorsal skin coloration of Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) males sampled across a wide gradient of radioactive contamination in northern Ukraine. We assessed the relationship between skin frog coloration (which can act as a protective mechanism against ionizing radiation), radiation conditions and oxidative stress levels. Skin coloration was darker in localities closest to areas with high radiation levels at the time of the accident, whereas current radiation levels seemed not to influence skin coloration in Chornobyl tree frogs. Tree frogs living within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone had a remarkably darker dorsal skin coloration than frogs from outside the Zone. The maintenance of dark skin coloration was not linked to physiological costs in terms of frog body condition or oxidative status, and we did not detect short‐term changes in frog coloration. Dark coloration is known to protect against different sources of radiation by neutralizing free radicals and reducing DNA damage, and, particularly melanin pigmentation has been proposed as a buffering mechanism against ionizing radiation. Our results suggest that exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, likely at the time of the accident, may have been selected for darker coloration in Chornobyl tree frogs. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of the patterns found here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Burraco
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), 41092 Seville Spain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- IMIB‐Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ. Oviedo‐CSIC‐Princip. Asturias) University of Oviedo Mieres ‐Asturias Spain
- Zoology Unit, Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems University of Oviedo Oviedo ‐Asturias Spain
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9
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Cantabella E, Camilleri V, Cavalie I, Dubourg N, Gagnaire B, Charlier TD, Adam-Guillermin C, Cousin X, Armant O. Revealing the Increased Stress Response Behavior through Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Brain after Chronic Low to Moderate Dose Rates of Ionizing Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153793. [PMID: 35954455 PMCID: PMC9367516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing use of radiopharmaceuticals for medical diagnostics and radiotherapy raises concerns regarding health risks for both humans and the environment. Additionally, in the context of major nuclear accidents like in Chernobyl and Fukushima, very little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to low and moderate dose rates of ionizing radiation (IR). Many studies demonstrated the sensibility of the developmental brain, but little data exists for IR at low dose rates and their impact on adults. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate stress behavior caused by chronic exposure to low to moderate dose rates of IR using the adult zebrafish model. We observed the establishment of a congruent stress response at both the molecular and individual levels. Abstract High levels of ionizing radiation (IR) are known to induce neurogenesis defects with harmful consequences on brain morphogenesis and cognitive functions, but the effects of chronic low to moderate dose rates of IR remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim at defining the main molecular pathways impacted by IR and how these effects can translate to higher organizational levels such as behavior. Adult zebrafish were exposed to gamma radiation for 36 days at 0.05 mGy/h, 0.5 mGy/h and 5 mGy/h. RNA sequencing was performed on the telencephalon and completed by RNA in situ hybridization that confirmed the upregulation of oxytocin and cone rod homeobox in the parvocellular preoptic nucleus. A dose rate-dependent increase in differentially expressed genes (DEG) was observed with 27 DEG at 0.05 mGy/h, 200 DEG at 0.5 mGy/h and 530 DEG at 5 mGy/h. Genes involved in neurotransmission, neurohormones and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis functions were specifically affected, strongly suggesting their involvement in the stress response behavior observed after exposure to dose rates superior or equal to 0.5 mGy/h. At the individual scale, hypolocomotion, increased freezing and social stress were detected. Together, these data highlight the intricate interaction between neurohormones (and particularly oxytocin), neurotransmission and neurogenesis in response to chronic exposure to IR and the establishment of anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cantabella
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Cavalie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Nicolas Dubourg
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Béatrice Gagnaire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry D. Charlier
- Univ. Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Santé (PSE-Santé)/Service de Recherche en Dosimétrie (SDOS)/Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250 Palavas Les Flots, France
| | - Oliver Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé Environnement-Environnement (PSE-ENV)/Service de Recherche sur les Transferts et les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (SRTE)/Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Effets des Radionucléides sur les Ecosystèmes (LECO), Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (O.A.)
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Lypska A, Riabchenko N, Rodionova N, Burdo O. Radiation-induced effects on bone marrow of bank voles inhabiting the Chornobyl exclusion zone. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1366-1375. [PMID: 35230914 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low-dose radiation on bone marrow hematopoiesis of bank voles inhabiting the radioactively contaminated territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were collected within the highly radioactive area of the so-called Red Forest located close to the destroyed 4th reactor of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Radioecological investigations included evaluation of radiocontamination of soil samples by 90Sr and 137Cs, levels of incorporated radionuclides in animals' bodies and organs, as well as the absorbed dose rates. The study of peripheral blood and bone marrow parameters combined with cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and standard metaphase test was carried out. RESULTS The blood system of the exposed animals manifested significant changes in peripheral blood parameters (anaemia and leucocyte formula left shift), ineffective differentiation and maturation of bone marrow cells, particularly relevant to the erythroid and granulocyte pools. Increased yields of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and chromosomal aberrations, including dicentrics and Robertsonian fusion-like configurations, were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Observed disturbances in the bone marrow and peripheral blood suggest functional instability and inefficient compensatory and recovery reactions of the blood system of the bank voles from the contaminated areas of the Chornobyl exclusion zone. We assume that they are the consequences both of direct radiation exposure and hereditary pathological changes that have formed in a number of generations inhabiting radioactively contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Lypska
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Riabchenko
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Rodionova
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Burdo
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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Brown MK, Haskins DL, Russell AL, Lambert ML, Quick CE, Pilgrim MA, Tuberville TD. Mercury and Radiocesium Accumulation and Associations With Sublethal Endpoints in the Florida Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:758-770. [PMID: 35112731 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and radiocesium (137 Cs) are well-known environmental contaminants with the potential to impact the health of humans and wildlife. Snakes have several characteristics conducive to studying environmental contamination but have rarely been included in the monitoring of polluted sites. We investigated the bioaccumulation of Hg and 137 Cs and associations with sublethal effects (standard metabolic rate [SMR] and hemoparasite infections) in Florida green watersnakes (Nerodia floridana). We captured 78 snakes from three former nuclear cooling reservoirs on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina (USA). For captured snakes, we (1) determined whole-body 137 Cs, (2) quantified total Hg (THg) using snake tail clips, (3) conducted hemoparasite counts, and (4) measured the SMR. We used multiple regression models to determine associations among snake body size, capture location, sex, tail THg, whole-body 137 Cs, Hepatozoon spp. prevalence and parasitemia, and SMR. Average whole-body 137 Cs (0.23 ± 0.08 Becquerels [Bq]/g; range: 0.00-1.02 Bq/g) was correlated with snake body size and differed significantly by capture site (Pond B: 0.67 ± 0.05 Bq/g; Par Pond: 0.10 ± 0.02 Bq/g; Pond 2: 0.03 ± 0.02 Bq/g). Tail THg (0.33 ± 0.03 mg/kg dry wt; range: 0.16-2.10 mg/kg) was significantly correlated with snake body size but did not differ by capture site. We found no clear relationship between SMR and contaminant burdens. However, models indicated that the prevalence of Hepatozoon spp. in snakes was inversely related to increasing whole-body 137 Cs burdens. Our results indicate the bioaccumulation of Hg and 137 Cs in N. floridana and further demonstrate the utility of aquatic snakes as bioindicators. Our results also suggest a decrease in Hepatozoon spp. prevalence related to increased burdens of 137 Cs. Although the results are intriguing, further research is needed to understand the dynamics between 137 Cs and Hepatozoon spp. infections in semiaquatic snakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:758-770. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Kyle Brown
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David Lee Haskins
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia L Russell
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michaela L Lambert
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Caleigh E Quick
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Melissa A Pilgrim
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tracey D Tuberville
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Life Cycle Assessment of the High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) Technology and Its Operation in Various Countries. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composite waste is a growing issue due to the increased global demand for products manufactured from these advanced engineering materials. Current reclamation methods produce short length fibres that, if not realigned during remanufacture, result in low-value additives for non-structural applications. Consequently, to maximise the economic and functional potential, fibre realignment must occur. The High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) technology is a novel process that produces highly aligned discontinuous fibre-reinforced composites, which largely meet the structural performance of virgin fibres, but to date, the environmental performance of the machine is yet to be quantified. This study assessed the environmental impacts of the operation of the machine using life cycle assessment methodology. Electrical energy consumption accounts for the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions, with water consumption as the main contributor to ecosystem quality damage. Suggestions have been made to reduce energy demand and reuse the water in order to reduce the overall environmental impact. The hypothetical operation of the machine across different European countries was also examined to understand the impacts associated with bulk material transport and electricity from different energy sources. It was observed that the environmental impact showed an inverse correlation with the increased use of renewable sources for electricity generation due to a reduction in air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion. The analysis also revealed that significant reductions in environmental damage from material transport between the reclamation facility to the remanufacturing site should also be accounted for, and concluded that transportation routes predominantly via shipping have a lower environmental impact than road and rail haulage. This study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the environmental impact of this new technology at early conceptual development and to assess how it would operate in a European scenario.
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13
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Car C, Gilles A, Armant O, Burraco P, Beaugelin‐Seiller K, Gashchak S, Camilleri V, Cavalié I, Laloi P, Adam‐Guillermin C, Orizaola G, Bonzom J. Unusual evolution of tree frog populations in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Evol Appl 2022; 15:203-219. [PMID: 35233243 PMCID: PMC8867709 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of pollutants in the environment, their long‐term ecological consequences are not always clear and still poorly studied. This is the case concerning the radioactive contamination of the environment following the major nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Notwithstanding the implications of evolutionary processes on the population status, few studies concern the evolution of organisms chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Here, we examined genetic markers for 19 populations of Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) sampled in the Chernobyl region about thirty years after the nuclear power plant accident to investigate microevolutionary processes ongoing in local populations. Genetic diversity estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial markers showed an absence of genetic erosion and higher mitochondrial diversity in tree frogs from the Chernobyl exclusion zone compared to other European populations. Moreover, the study of haplotype network permitted us to decipher the presence of an independent recent evolutionary history of Chernobyl exclusion zone's Eastern tree frogs caused by an elevated mutation rate compared to other European populations. By fitting to our data a model of haplotype network evolution, we suspected that Eastern tree frog populations in the Chernobyl exclusion zone have a high mitochondrial mutation rate and small effective population sizes. These data suggest that Eastern tree frog populations might offset the impact of deleterious mutations because of their large clutch size, but also question the long‐term impact of ionizing radiation on the status of other species living in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Car
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
| | - André Gilles
- UMR RECOVER INRAE Aix‐Marseille Université, Centre Saint‐Charles Marseille France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | | | - Sergey Gashchak
- Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety Radioactive Waste and Radioecology Slavutych Ukraine
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
| | - Isabelle Cavalié
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
| | - Patrick Laloi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
| | | | - Germán Orizaola
- IMIB‐Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ. Oviedo‐CSIC‐Princip. Asturias)Universidad de Oviedo Mieres‐Asturias Spain
- Department Biology Organisms and Systems Zoology Unit University of Oviedo Oviedo‐Asturias Spain
| | - Jean‐Marc Bonzom
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) PSE‐ENV/SRTE/LECO Cadarache France
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14
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Burraco P, Car C, Bonzom JM, Orizaola G. Assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation in Chernobyl tree frogs (Hyla orientalis). Sci Rep 2021; 11:20509. [PMID: 34654841 PMCID: PMC8519934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can damage organic molecules, causing detrimental effects on human and wildlife health. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986) represents the largest release of radioactive material to the environment. An accurate estimation of the current exposure to radiation in wildlife, often reduced to ambient dose rate assessments, is crucial to understand the long-term impact of radiation on living organisms. Here, we present an evaluation of the sources and variation of current exposure to radiation in breeding Eastern tree frogs (Hyla orientalis) males living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Total absorbed dose rates in H. orientalis were highly variable, although generally below widely used thresholds considered harmful for animal health. Internal exposure was the main source of absorbed dose rate (81% on average), with 90Sr being the main contributor (78% of total dose rate, on average). These results highlight the importance of assessing both internal and external exposure levels in order to perform a robust evaluation of the exposure to radiation in wildlife. Further studies incorporating life-history, ecological, and evolutionary traits are needed to fully evaluate the effects that these exposure levels can have in amphibians and other taxa inhabiting radio-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Burraco
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Clément Car
- Research Laboratory on the Effects of Radionuclides on Ecosystems (LECO), Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, 13115, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Research Laboratory on the Effects of Radionuclides on Ecosystems (LECO), Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, 13115, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- IMIB-Biodiversity Research Institute (Univ. Oviedo-CSIC-Princip. Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres-Asturias, Spain.
- Zoology Unit, Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo-Asturias, Spain.
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15
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Jernfors T, Danforth J, Kesäniemi J, Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Fajkus J, Dvořáčková M, Mappes T, Watts PC. Expansion of rDNA and pericentromere satellite repeats in the genomes of bank voles Myodes glareolus exposed to environmental radionuclides. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8754-8767. [PMID: 34257925 PMCID: PMC8258220 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered copy number of certain highly repetitive regions of the genome, such as satellite DNA within heterochromatin and ribosomal RNA loci (rDNA), is hypothesized to help safeguard the genome against damage derived from external stressors. We quantified copy number of the 18S rDNA and a pericentromeric satellite DNA (Msat-160) in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), an area that is contaminated by radionuclides and where organisms are exposed to elevated levels of ionizing radiation. We found a significant increase in 18S rDNA and Msat-160 content in the genomes of bank voles from contaminated locations within the CEZ compared with animals from uncontaminated locations. Moreover, 18S rDNA and Msat-160 copy number were positively correlated in the genomes of bank voles from uncontaminated, but not in the genomes of animals inhabiting contaminated, areas. These results show the capacity for local-scale geographic variation in genome architecture and are consistent with the genomic safeguard hypothesis. Disruption of cellular processes related to genomic stability appears to be a hallmark effect in bank voles inhabiting areas contaminated by radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jernfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - John Danforth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRobson DNA Science CentreArnie Charbonneau Cancer InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Jenni Kesäniemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical ScienceKyivUkraine
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and ProteomicsCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and ProteomicsNCBRFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and RadiobiologyInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martina Dvořáčková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and ProteomicsCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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16
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Shephard AM, Zambre AM, Snell‐Rood EC. Evaluating costs of heavy metal tolerance in a widely distributed, invasive butterfly. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1390-1402. [PMID: 34025774 PMCID: PMC8127708 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal tolerance to environmental pollution is thought to be constrained by fitness costs, where variants with higher survival in polluted environments have lower performance in nonpolluted environments. Yet, costs are not always detected in empirical studies. One hypothesis suggests that whether tolerance costs emerge depends on the degree of heterogeneity populations experience with respect to pollution exposure. For instance, in populations confined to local environments where pollution is persistent, selection may favour alleles that enhance pollution tolerance but reduce performance in nonpolluted environments (costs). However, in broadly distributed populations that undergo selection in both polluted and nonpolluted patches, costs should be eroded. Understanding tolerance costs in broadly distributed populations is relevant to management of invasive species, which are highly dispersive, wide ranging, and often colonize disturbed or polluted patches such as agricultural monocultures. Therefore, we conducted a case study quantifying costs of tolerance to zinc pollution (a common heavy metal pollutant) in wild cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae). This wide ranging, highly dispersive and invasive pest periodically encounters metal pollution by consuming plants in urban and agricultural settings. In contrast to expected costs of tolerance, we found that cabbage white families with greater zinc tolerance also produced more eggs and had higher reproductive effort under nonpolluted conditions. These results contribute to a more general hypothesis of why costs of pollution tolerance vary across studies: patchy selection with pollutants should erode costs and may favour genotypes that perform well under both polluted and nonpolluted conditions. This might partly explain why widely distributed invasive species are able to thrive in diverse, polluted and nonpolluted habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Shephard
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota – Twin CitiesSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Amod M. Zambre
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota – Twin CitiesSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Emilie C. Snell‐Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota – Twin CitiesSt. PaulMNUSA
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17
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Bertucci EM, Mason MW, Camus AC, Rhodes OE, Parrott BB. Chronic low dose irradiation alters hepatic transcriptional profiles, but not global DNA methylation in medaka (Oryzias latipes). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138680. [PMID: 32361431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources is ubiquitous throughout the environment. Historically, studies on the biological impacts of radiation primarily focused on responses to acute doses of radiation, with little advancement in our understanding of environmentally relevant exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms are capable of mediating organismal responses to environmental stressors and DNA methylation plays important roles in gene regulation and promoting chromosomal stability. Here, we assess broad-scale transcriptional and epigenetic variation resulting from chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR; 5.78, 53.76, or 520.23 mGy/day) using Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) in a replicated mesocosm design. We observed significant changes to the hepatic transcriptome induced by a 3-month chronic exposure to IR, whereas global DNA methylation appeared largely unaffected. Our findings reveal a set of genes, including those involved in immune function, responding to environmentally relevant IR exposures, which do not appear to be mediated by a systemic global shift in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Bertucci
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Marilyn W Mason
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Alvin C Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens 30602, GA, USA.
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Parrott
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St., Athens 30602, GA, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken 29802, SC, USA.
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Mendes ME, Mendonça JCGD, Hwang S, Giorgio MD, Lima FFD, Santos N. Calibration curves by 60Co with low dose rate are different in terms of dose estimation - a comparative study. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180370. [PMID: 32105287 PMCID: PMC7231543 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological dosimetry aims to estimate individual absorbed doses due ionizing
radiation exposure. The dicentric chromosomes are considered the most specific
biomarker for dose estimation. This study aimed to compare calibration curves
for linear low energy transfer (LET) radiation built from low dose rates and
whether they vary in terms of dose estimation. For that we did a search in the
literature of all calibration curves produced with low dose rates and we
simulated the dose estimation from pre-established dicentric’s frequencies. The
information on methodologies and cytogenetic results of each study were
analyzed. As expected dose rate influence β coefficients, especially at higher
doses. However, we have seen that some doses were not statistically different
but they should be, because there is a significant association between the
productions of dicentrics and dose rate. This comparative study reinforced the
robustness of the dicentric assay and its importance in biological dosimetry. We
also emphasized that the dose rate was an important factor in dose estimations.
Thus, intercomparison exercises should take into account the dose rates of the
participating laboratories, because the dose rates might explain why some
results of estimated doses fall outside the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Esposito Mendes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Suy Hwang
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Neide Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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19
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Song Y, Xie L, Lee Y, Brede DA, Lyne F, Kassaye Y, Thaulow J, Caldwell G, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Integrative assessment of low-dose gamma radiation effects on Daphnia magna reproduction: Toxicity pathway assembly and AOP development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135912. [PMID: 31846819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High energy gamma radiation is potentially hazardous to organisms, including aquatic invertebrates. Although extensively studied in a number of invertebrate species, knowledge on effects induced by gamma radiation is to a large extent limited to the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage at the molecular/cellular level, or survival, growth and reproduction at the organismal level. As the knowledge of causal relationships between effects occurring at different levels of biological organization is scarce, the ability to provide mechanistic explanation for observed adverse effects is limited, and thus development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and larger scale implementation into next generation hazard and risk predictions is restricted. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the effects of high-energy gamma radiation from cobalt-60 across multiple levels of biological organization (i.e., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and individual) and characterize the major toxicity pathways leading to impaired reproduction in the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea). Following gamma exposure, a number of bioassays were integrated to measure relevant toxicological endpoints such as gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), neutral lipid storage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, apoptosis, ovary histology and reproduction. A non-monotonic pattern was consistently observed across the levels of biological organization, albeit with some variation at the lower end of the dose-rate scale, indicating a complex response to radiation doses. By integrating results from different bioassays, a novel pathway network describing the key toxicity pathways involved in the reproductive effects of gamma radiation were proposed, such as DNA damage-oocyte apoptosis pathway, LPO-ATP depletion pathway, calcium influx-endocrine disruption pathway and DNA hypermethylation pathway. Three novel AOPs were proposed for oxidative stressor-mediated excessive ROS formation leading to reproductive effect, and thus introducing the world's first AOPs for non-chemical stressors in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Biosciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Fern Lyne
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Thaulow
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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20
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Beresford NA, Horemans N, Copplestone D, Raines KE, Orizaola G, Wood MD, Laanen P, Whitehead HC, Burrows JE, Tinsley MC, Smith JT, Bonzom JM, Gagnaire B, Adam-Guillermin C, Gashchak S, Jha AN, de Menezes A, Willey N, Spurgeon D. Towards solving a scientific controversy - The effects of ionising radiation on the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:106033. [PMID: 31451195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom; School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - N Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK●CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - D Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - K E Raines
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - G Orizaola
- Universidad de Oviedo - Campus de Mieres, Edificio de Investigación 5a Planta, C/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600, Mieres-Asturias, Spain
| | - M D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - P Laanen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK●CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium; University of Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - H C Whitehead
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - J E Burrows
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - M C Tinsley
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - J T Smith
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, United Kingdom
| | - J-M Bonzom
- IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, 13115, St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - B Gagnaire
- IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, 13115, St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | | | - S Gashchak
- Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste & Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 77th Gvardiiska Dyviiya Str.11, P.O. Box 151, 07100, Slavutych, Kiev Region, Ukraine
| | - A N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - A de Menezes
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - N Willey
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, Dept. of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, BS16 1QY, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - D Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
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21
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Beaugelin-Seiller K, Garnier-Laplace J, Beresford NA. Estimating radiological exposure of wildlife in the field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:105830. [PMID: 30385053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the ecological impact due to radionuclides at contaminated sites requires estimation of the exposure of wildlife, in order to correlate radiation dose with known radiological effects. The robust interpretation of field data requires consideration of possible confounding effects (e.g., from the tsunami at Fukushima) and an accurate and relevant quantification of radiation doses to biota. Generally, in field studies the exposure of fauna and flora has often been characterised as measurements of the ambient dose rate or activity concentrations in some components of the environment. The use of such data does not allow the establishment of a robust dose-effect relationship for wildlife exposed to ionising radiation in the field. Effects of exposure to radioactivity depend on the total amount of energy deposited into exposed organisms, which is estimated by adding doses (or dose rates) for all radionuclides and exposure pathways. Realistic dose estimation needs to reflect the entire story of the organisms of interest during their whole exposure period. The process of identifying and collecting all the related information should allow the "W" questions (Which organisms are exposed, Where, When and hoW) to be answered. Some parameters are well known to influence dose (rate): the organism life stage, its ecological characteristics (e.g. habitat, behaviour), the source term properties (e.g. discharging facility, nature of radiation), etc. The closer the collated data are to the ideal data set, the more accurate and realistic the dose (rate) assessment will be. This means characterising each exposure pathway (internal and external), the activity concentration in each exposure source, the time each organism spends in a given place, as well as the associated dose. In this paper the process of data collation in view of dose reconstruction is illustrated for Japanese birds exposed to radioactive deposition following the Fukushima accident. With respect to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone we will also consider variability under field conditions, availability of relevant datasets and options for better estimating internal and external doses received by wildlife.
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22
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Lecomte-Pradines C, Adam-Guillermin C, Gashchak S, Bradshaw C, Copplestone D, Beresford NA. More than thirty years after the Chernobyl accident: What do we know about the effects of radiation on the environment? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:106108. [PMID: 31753471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Gashchak
- Chornobyl Centre for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 77th Gvardiiska Dyviiya Str.11, P.O. Box 151, 07100, Slavutych, Kiev Region, Ukraine
| | - C Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - N A Beresford
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
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23
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Real A, Garnier-Laplace J. The importance of deriving adequate wildlife benchmark values to optimize radiological protection in various environmental exposure situations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:105902. [PMID: 30732942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The actions to be taken to demonstrate that the environment is adequately protected against the detrimental effects of ionising radiation, and if needed to protect it, must be commensurate with the overall level of risk to non-human biota. To judge the level of risk, the estimated dose rates absorbed by animals and plants need to be compared with dose criteria, a benchmark or reference value. A variety of aspects will influence the final value of the derived benchmark, including: the aim of the application of the benchmark, the protection goals of the assessment, the data on radiation-induced biological effects considered, and the methodology used. Benchmark values have been proposed by several international organizations (UNSCEAR, ICRP, IAEA), countries (USA, Canada) and research projects (ERICA, PROTECT), for different application purposes and protection goals and using a variety of methodologies. This paper describes the aspects that need to be considered in the derivation of numerical benchmarks, the approaches used by different organizations and the benchmark values they have proposed for the radiation protection of the environment. The benchmark values proposed are compared with the dose-rates at which radiation-induced biological effects have been described in animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Real
- Spanish Research Centre in Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle Santé et Environnement, Cadarache-Batiment 159, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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24
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Aramrun K, Beresford NA, Skuterud L, Hevrøy TH, Drefvelin J, Bennett K, Yurosko C, Phruksarojanakun P, Esoa J, Yongprawat M, Siegenthaler A, Fawkes R, Tumnoi W, Wood MD. Measuring the radiation exposure of Norwegian reindeer under field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:1337-1343. [PMID: 31412467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Models and approaches have been developed to predict radiation exposure of wildlife under field conditions. However, there have been few attempts to directly measure radiation exposure of wildlife in the field and confirm the doses predicted by models. This is a potential issue for stakeholder acceptance of modelling-based assessments. Here is presented a comprehensive study comparing the results of different dosimeters fitted to free-ranging reindeer inhabiting an area that received comparatively high radiocaesium deposition from the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The external dose of reindeer was measured using the four dosimeter types in aluminium box mounted on the GPS collar. The measurements were compared with two model predictions: (i) external dose to reindeer across the entire range area of the herd; and (ii) external doses of individual reindeer predicted using GPS tracking data to determine locations. It was found that although significant differences between the estimates of the various dosimeters were found these were small with no practical implication. Also, the mean predicted external doses using the GPS tracking data were not significantly different to estimates from two of the four passive dosimeter results. The average external dose predicted across the herd area was significantly lower than doses recorded by the dosimeters and also estimates using GPS data to determine reindeer location (and hence exposure). For 137Cs the average external dose from the GPS tracking data was about twice that predicted across the herd area, because collared animals favoured the more contaminated area of the study site. This suggests that in some circumstances the assumption of averaging contamination over an assumed home range within assessments may be inadequate though this would need to be balanced against other uncertainties. Natural radiation was the greatest contribution to reindeer exposure and a function of the high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitkawin Aramrun
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), 16 Vibravadi Rangsit road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nicholas A Beresford
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK; NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Lavrans Skuterud
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Grini Næringspark 13, 1361 Østerås, Norway
| | - Tanya H Hevrøy
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Grini Næringspark 13, 1361 Østerås, Norway
| | - Jon Drefvelin
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Grini Næringspark 13, 1361 Østerås, Norway
| | - Kip Bennett
- Mirion Technologies, 2652 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - Craig Yurosko
- Mirion Technologies, 2652 McGaw Avenue, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - Phiphat Phruksarojanakun
- Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP), 16 Vibravadi Rangsit road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jeerawa Esoa
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT), 9/9 Moo 7, Sai Moon, Ongkharak, Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand
| | - Monthon Yongprawat
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT), 9/9 Moo 7, Sai Moon, Ongkharak, Nakorn Nayok, 26120, Thailand; University of Goettingen, Geoscience Centre of the University of Göttingen, Dept. Applied Geology, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andjin Siegenthaler
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Ross Fawkes
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Wanwiwa Tumnoi
- Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Rajamankha Nai, Muang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
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25
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26
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Horemans N, Spurgeon DJ, Lecomte-Pradines C, Saenen E, Bradshaw C, Oughton D, Rasnaca I, Kamstra JH, Adam-Guillermin C. Current evidence for a role of epigenetic mechanisms in response to ionizing radiation in an ecotoxicological context. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:469-483. [PMID: 31103007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The issue of potential long-term or hereditary effects for both humans and wildlife exposed to low doses (or dose rates) of ionising radiation is a major concern. Chronic exposure to ionising radiation, defined as an exposure over a large fraction of the organism's lifespan or even over several generations, can possibly have consequences in the progeny. Recent work has begun to show that epigenetics plays an important role in adaptation of organisms challenged to environmental stimulae. Changes to so-called epigenetic marks such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs result in altered transcriptomes and proteomes, without directly changing the DNA sequence. Moreover, some of these environmentally-induced epigenetic changes tend to persist over generations, and thus, epigenetic modifications are regarded as the conduits for environmental influence on the genome. Here, we review the current knowledge of possible involvement of epigenetics in the cascade of responses resulting from environmental exposure to ionising radiation. In addition, from a comparison of lab and field obtained data, we investigate evidence on radiation-induced changes in the epigenome and in particular the total or locus specific levels of DNA methylation. The challenges for future research and possible use of changes as an early warning (biomarker) of radiosensitivity and individual exposure is discussed. Such a biomarker could be used to detect and better understand the mechanisms of toxic action and inter/intra-species susceptibility to radiation within an environmental risk assessment and management context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Eline Saenen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Aas, Norway
| | - Ilze Rasnaca
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
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27
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Mothersill C, Abend M, Bréchignac F, Copplestone D, Geras'kin S, Goodman J, Horemans N, Jeggo P, McBride W, Mousseau TA, O'Hare A, Papineni RVL, Powathil G, Schofield PN, Seymour C, Sutcliffe J, Austin B. The tubercular badger and the uncertain curve:- The need for a multiple stressor approach in environmental radiation protection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:130-140. [PMID: 30296640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a workshop held in Stirling, Scotland in June 2018, called to examine critically the effects of low-dose ionising radiation on the ecosphere. The meeting brought together participants from the fields of low- and high-dose radiobiology and those working in radioecology to discuss the effects that low doses of radiation have on non-human biota. In particular, the shape of the low-dose response relationship and the extent to which the effects of low-dose and chronic exposure may be predicted from high dose rate exposures were discussed. It was concluded that high dose effects were not predictive of low dose effects. It followed that the tools presently available were deemed insufficient to reliably predict risk of low dose exposures in ecosystems. The workshop participants agreed on three major recommendations for a path forward. First, as treating radiation as a single or unique stressor was considered insufficient, the development of a multidisciplinary approach is suggested to address key concerns about multiple stressors in the ecosphere. Second, agreed definitions are needed to deal with the multiplicity of factors determining outcome to low dose exposures as a term can have different meanings in different disciplines. Third, appropriate tools need to be developed to deal with the different time, space and organisation level scales. These recommendations permit a more accurate picture of prospective risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Francois Bréchignac
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) & International Union of Radioecology, Centre du Cadarache, Bldg 229, St Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - David Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology & Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109km, Obninsk 249020, Russia.
| | - Jessica Goodman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Penny Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - William McBride
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Anthony O'Hare
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center - KUMC (Adjunct), and PACT & Health, Branford, CT, USA.
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Dept of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1.
| | - Jill Sutcliffe
- Low Level Radiation and Health Conference, Ingrams Farm Fittleworth Road, Wisborough Green RH14 0JA, West Sussex, UK.
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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28
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Horemans N, Nauts R, Vives I Batlle J, Van Hees M, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Gaschak S, Nanba K, Saenen E. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in two Brassicaceae species sampled alongside a radiation gradient in Chernobyl and Fukushima. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:405-416. [PMID: 30055441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-term radiological impact to the environment of the nuclear accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima is still under discussion. In the course of spring of 2016 we sampled two Brassicacea plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella bursa-pastoris native to Ukraine and Japan, respectively, alongside a gradient of radiation within the exclusion and difficult to return zones of Chernobyl (CEZ) and Fukushima (FEZ). Ambient dose rates were similar for both sampling gradients ranging from 0.5 to 80 μGy/h at plant height. The hypothesis was tested whether a history of several generations of plants growing in enhanced radiation exposure conditions would have led to changes in genome-wide DNA methylation. However, no differences were found in the global percentage of 5-methylated cytosines in Capsella bursa pastoris plants sampled in FEZ. On the other hand a significant decrease in whole genome methylation percentage in Arabidopsis thaliana plants was found in CEZ mainly governed by the highest exposed plants. These data support a link between exposure to changed environmental conditions and changes genome methylation. In addition to methylation the activity concentration of different radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am and Pu-238,239,240 for CEZ and 137, 134Cs for FEZ, was analysed in both soil and plant samples. The ratio of 5.6 between 137Cs compared to 134Cs was as expected five years after the FEZ accident. For CEZ 137Cs is the most abundant polluting radionuclide in soil followed by 90Sr. Whereas 241Am and Pu-isotopes are only marginally present. In the plant tissue, however, higher levels of Sr than Cs were retrieved due to a high uptake of 90Sr in the plants. The 90Sr transfer factors ranged in CEZ from 5 to 20 (kg/kg) depending on the locality. Based on the activity concentrations of the different radionuclides the ERICA tool was used to estimate the total dose rates to the plants. It was found that for FEZ the doses was mainly contributable to the external Cs-isotopes and as such estimated total dose rates (0.13-38 μGy/h) were in the same range as the ambient measured dose rates. In strong contrast this was not true for CEZ where the total dose rate was mainly due to high uptake of the 90Sr leading to dose rates ranging from 1 to 370 μGy/h. Hence our data clearly indicate that not taking into account the internal contamination in CEZ will lead to considerable underestimation of the doses to the plants. Additionally they show that it is hard to compare the two nuclear accidental sites and one of the main reasons is the difference in contamination profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Robin Nauts
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jordi Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - May Van Hees
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO Nv), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO Nv), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sergey Gaschak
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 07100, Slavutych, Ukraine
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity of Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Eline Saenen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
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Vittecoq M, Giraudeau M, Sepp T, Marcogliese DJ, Klaassen M, Renaud F, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Turning natural adaptations to oncogenic factors into an ally in the war against cancer. Evol Appl 2018; 11:836-844. [PMID: 29928293 PMCID: PMC5999213 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both field and experimental evolution studies have demonstrated that organisms naturally or artificially exposed to environmental oncogenic factors can, sometimes rapidly, evolve specific adaptations to cope with pollutants and their adverse effects on fitness. Although numerous pollutants are mutagenic and carcinogenic, little attention has been given to exploring the extent to which adaptations displayed by organisms living in oncogenic environments could inspire novel cancer treatments, through mimicking the processes allowing these organisms to prevent or limit malignant progression. Building on a substantial knowledge base from the literature, we here present and discuss this progressive and promising research direction, advocating closer collaboration between the fields of medicine, ecology, and evolution in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat Arles France.,CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.,Centre for Ecology & Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Tuul Sepp
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.,Department of Zoology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - David J Marcogliese
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Directorate Environment and Climate Change Canada St. Lawrence Centre Montreal QC Canada.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada St. Andrews Biological Station St. Andrews NB Canada
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Deakin Vic. Australia
| | - François Renaud
- CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Deakin Vic. Australia.,School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
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Aramrun P, Beresford NA, Wood MD. Selecting passive dosimetry technologies for measuring the external dose of terrestrial wildlife. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 182:128-137. [PMID: 29227874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dosimeters attached to wild animals can be used to validate regulatory assessment approaches and models for estimating radiation exposure of wild animals. Such measurements are also necessary to ensure that robust dose-effect relationships can be developed from the results of field research programmes. This paper presents the first comprehensive evaluation of the different dosimetry technologies available for specifically measuring the external exposure of wildlife. Guidance is provided on the selection of appropriate passive dosimetry approaches for directly measuring external exposure of terrestrial wildlife under field conditions. The characteristics and performance of four available dosimetry technologies (thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD), radiophotoluminescent dosimeter (RPLD) and direct ion storage, (DIS)) are reviewed. Dosimeter properties, detection limit and dose range, study organisms and the intended application are variables that need to be considered when selecting a suitable dosimetry technology. Evaluated against these criteria, it is suggested that LiF based and Al2O3:C TLDs, OSLD and RPLD could all be used to estimate doses to wildlife. However, only LiF based TLDs have been used to directly measure wildlife doses in field studies to date. DIS is only suitable for comparatively large species (e.g. medium to large mammals), but has the advantage that temporal variation in dose can be recorded. In all cases, dosimeter calibration is required to ensure that the dose measurements reported can be interpreted appropriately for the organisms of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakphum Aramrun
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Manchester, M4 4WT, UK.
| | - Nicholas A Beresford
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Manchester, M4 4WT, UK; NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Manchester, M4 4WT, UK
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McArthur JV, Dicks CA, Bryan AL, Tuckfield RC. The effects of low-level ionizing radiation and copper exposure on the incidence of antibiotic resistance in lentic biofilm bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:390-397. [PMID: 28554028 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria are poorly understood. Understanding how the environment selects for resistance traits in the absence of antibiotics is critical in developing strategies to mitigate this growing menace. Indirect or co-selection of resistance by environmental pollution has been shown to increase antibiotic resistance. However no attention has been given to the effects of low-level ionizing radiation or the interactions between radiation and heavy metals on the maintenance or selection for antibiotic resistance (AR) traits. Here we explore the effect of radiation and copper on antibiotic resistance. Bacteria were collected from biofilms in two ponds - one impacted by low-level radiocesium and the other an abandoned farm pond. Through laboratory controlled experiments we examined the effects of increasing concentrations of copper on the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Differences were detected in the resistance profiles of the controls from each pond. Low levels (0.01 mM) of copper sulfate increased resistance but 0.5 mM concentrations of copper sulfate depressed the AR response in both ponds. A similar pattern was observed for levels of multiple antibiotic resistance per isolate. The first principal component response of isolate exposure to multiple antibiotics showed significant differences among the six isolate treatment combinations. These differences were clearly visualized through a discriminant function analysis, which showed distinct antibiotic resistance response patterns based on the six treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaun McArthur
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | | | - A Lawrence Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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γH2AX, 53BP1 and Rad51 protein foci changes in mesenchymal stem cells during prolonged X-ray irradiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64317-64329. [PMID: 28969073 PMCID: PMC5610005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At high exposure levels ionizing radiation is a carcinogen. Little is known about how human stem cells, which are known to contribute to tumorigenesis, respond to prolonged radiation exposures. We studied formation of DNA double strand breaks, accessed as γH2AX and 53BP1 foci, in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to either acute (5400 mGy/h) or prolonged (270 mGy/h) X-irradiation. We show a linear γH2AX and 53BP1 dose response for acute exposures. In contrast, prolonged exposure resulted in a dose-response curve that had an initial linear portion followed by a plateau. Analysis of Rad51 foci, as a marker of homologous recombination, in cells exposed to prolonged irradiation revealed a threshold in a dose response. Using Ki67 as a marker of proliferating cells, we show no difference in the γH2AX distribution in proliferating vs. quiescent cells. However, Rad51 foci were found almost exclusively in proliferating cells. Concurrent increases in the fraction of S/G2 cells were detected in cells exposed to prolonged irradiation by scoring CENPF-positive cells. Our data suggest that prolonged exposure of MSCs to ionizing radiation leads to cell cycle redistribution and associated activation of homologous recombination. Also, proliferation status may significantly affect the biological outcome, since homologous repair is not activated in resting MSCs.
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Fuller N, Smith JT, Nagorskaya LL, Gudkov DI, Ford AT. Does Chernobyl-derived radiation impact the developmental stability of Asellus aquaticus 30years on? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:242-250. [PMID: 27788439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of long-term, environmentally relevant doses of radiation on biota remain unclear due to a lack of studies following chronic exposure in contaminated environments. The 1986 Chernobyl accident dispersed vast amounts of radioactivity into the environment which persists to date. Despite three decades of research, impacts of the incident on non-human organisms continues to be contested within the scientific literature. The present study assessed the impact of chronic radiation exposure from Chernobyl on the developmental stability of the model aquatic isopod, Asellus aquaticus using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as an indicator. Fluctuating asymmetry, defined as random deviations from the expected perfect bilateral symmetry of an organism, has gained prominence as an indicator of developmental stability in ecotoxicology. Organisms were collected from six lakes along a gradient of radionuclide contamination in Belarus and the Ukraine. Calculated total dose rates ranged from 0.06-27.1μGy/h. Fluctuating asymmetry was assessed in four meristic and one metrical trait. Significant differences in levels of pooled asymmetry were recorded between sample sites independent of sex and specific trait measured. However, there was no correlation of asymmetry with radiation doses, suggesting that differences in asymmetry were not attributed to radionuclide contamination and were driven by elevated asymmetry at a single site. No correlation between FA and measured environmental parameters suggested a biotic factor driving observed FA differences. This study appears to be the first to record no evident increase in developmental stability of biota from the Chernobyl region. These findings will aid in understanding the response of organisms to chronic pollutant exposure and the long term effects of large scale nuclear incidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Liubov L Nagorskaya
- Applied Science Center for Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27 Academicheskaya Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitri I Gudkov
- Department of Freshwater Radioecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Geroyev Stalingrada Ave. 12, UA-04210 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK.
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Bréchignac F, Oughton D, Mays C, Barnthouse L, Beasley JC, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Bradshaw C, Brown J, Dray S, Geras'kin S, Glenn T, Higley K, Ishida K, Kapustka L, Kautsky U, Kuhne W, Lynch M, Mappes T, Mihok S, Møller AP, Mothersill C, Mousseau TA, Otaki JM, Pryakhin E, Rhodes OE, Salbu B, Strand P, Tsukada H. Addressing ecological effects of radiation on populations and ecosystems to improve protection of the environment against radiation: Agreed statements from a Consensus Symposium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 158-159:21-9. [PMID: 27058410 PMCID: PMC4976067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the output of a consensus symposium organized by the International Union of Radioecology in November 2015. The symposium gathered an academically diverse group of 30 scientists to consider the still debated ecological impact of radiation on populations and ecosystems. Stimulated by the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters' accidental contamination of the environment, there is increasing interest in developing environmental radiation protection frameworks. Scientific research conducted in a variety of laboratory and field settings has improved our knowledge of the effects of ionizing radiation on the environment. However, the results from such studies sometimes appear contradictory and there is disagreement about the implications for risk assessment. The Symposium discussions therefore focused on issues that might lead to different interpretations of the results, such as laboratory versus field approaches, organism versus population and ecosystemic inference strategies, dose estimation approaches and their significance under chronic exposure conditions. The participating scientists, from across the spectrum of disciplines and research areas, extending also beyond the traditional radioecology community, successfully developed a constructive spirit directed at understanding discrepancies. From the discussions, the group has derived seven consensus statements related to environmental protection against radiation, which are supplemented with some recommendations. Each of these statements is contextualized and discussed in view of contributing to the orientation and integration of future research, the results of which should yield better consensus on the ecological impact of radiation and consolidate suitable approaches for efficient radiological protection of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bréchignac
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Centre of Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France; International Union of Radioecology (IUR), Center of Cadarache, BP 3, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France.
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway.
| | - Claire Mays
- Institut Symlog de France, 262 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lawrence Barnthouse
- LWB Environmental Services, Inc., 1620 New London Rd., Hamilton, OH 45013, USA.
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory & Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | - Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Justin Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA), Østerås, Norway.
| | - Stéphane Dray
- Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, France; CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | - Travis Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Kathy Higley
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ken Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Lawrence Kapustka
- LK Consultancy, P.O. Box 373, Turner Valley, Alberta T0L 2A0, Canada.
| | - Ulrik Kautsky
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., (SKB), P.O. Box 250, SE-101 24 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wendy Kuhne
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA.
| | - Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Steve Mihok
- 388 Church Street, Russell, Ontario K4R 1A8, Canada.
| | - Anders P Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France.
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, and, the School of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Joji M Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Evgeny Pryakhin
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Vorovsky Str. 68a, 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
| | - Brit Salbu
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Aas, Norway.
| | - Per Strand
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Koch
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University 101 Life Sciences Hall Auburn AL 36830 USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University 101 Life Sciences Hall Auburn AL 36830 USA
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Abstract
Assessing the potential ecological impact of ionising radiation raises a number of ethical questions. These include fundamental questions such as what exactly constitutes harming the environment, and how the environment should be valued, as well as links to political protection principles such as sustainability and biodiversity. Starting from developments within ecological risk assessment, this paper summarises some of the ethical issues concerning the protection of the environment from radiation. Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of different philosophical and cultural world views on valuing the environment in a context of radiation risk. Chapter 3 addresses some recent challenges to proposed environmental protection frameworks, including practical applications following the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, and some scientific developments such as the ecosystem approach. Finally, Chapter 4 offers some recommendations on how ethical evaluation can help produce a more robust and transparent approach to the protection of the environment. In conclusion, there is a need for a holistic evaluation of the environmental impacts of ionising radiation that not only considers the direct consequences on the health of humans and non-human species, but also the more complex social, ethical, and economic consequences of both human and non-human exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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Beresford NA, Gaschak S, Maksimenko A, Wood MD. The transfer of (137)Cs, Pu isotopes and (90)Sr to bird, bat and ground-dwelling small mammal species within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 153:231-236. [PMID: 26808224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protected species are the focus of many radiological environmental assessments. However, the lack of radioecological data for many protected species presents a significant international challenge. Furthermore, there are legislative restrictions on destructive sampling of protected species to obtain such data. Where data are not available, extrapolations are often made from 'similar' species but there has been little attempt to validate this approach. In this paper we present what, to our knowledge, is the first study purposefully designed to test the hypothesis that radioecological data for unprotected species can be used to estimate conservative radioecolgical parameters for protected species; conservatism being necessary to ensure that there is no significant impact. The study was conducted in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Consequently, we are able to present data for Pu isotopes in terrestrial wildlife. There has been limited research on Pu transfer to terrestrial wildlife which contrasts with the need to assess radiation exposure of wildlife to Pu isotopes around many nuclear facilities internationally. Our results provide overall support for the hypothesis that data for unprotected species can be used to adequately assess the impacts for ionising radiation on protected species. This is demonstrated for a range of mammalian and avian species. However, we identify one case, the shrew, for which data from other ground-dwelling small mammals would not lead to an appropriately conservative assessment of radiation impact. This indicates the need to further test our hypothesis across a range of species and ecosystems, and/or ensure adequate conservatism within assessments. The data presented are of value to those trying to more accurately estimate the radiation dose to wildlife in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, helping to reduce the considerable uncertainty in studies reporting dose-effect relationships for wildlife. A video abstract for this paper is available from: http://bit.ly/1JesKPc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK; School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
| | - S Gaschak
- Chernobyl Centre for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste & Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 77th Gvardiiska Dyviiya str.11, P.O. Box 151, 07100 Slavutych, Kiev Region, Ukraine
| | - Andrey Maksimenko
- Chernobyl Centre for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste & Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 77th Gvardiiska Dyviiya str.11, P.O. Box 151, 07100 Slavutych, Kiev Region, Ukraine
| | - M D Wood
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
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Ayabe Y, Kanasashi T, Hijii N, Takenaka C. Relationship between radiocesium contamination and the contents of various elements in the web spider Nephila clavata (Nephilidae: Arachnida). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 150:228-235. [PMID: 26378957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant seriously contaminated a large area in northeast Japan with a large amount of radioactive material. Consequently, various organisms, including arthropods, in the ecosystem have been contaminated with radiocesium ((137)Cs) through the food chain. We previously showed that the web spider Nephila clavata was contaminated with (137)Cs and that the level of contamination, which varied among spider individuals, was independent of the amount of prey consumed. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanisms that could determine the level of (137)Cs contamination in N. clavata. We first demonstrated the patterns of contents of over 30 elements in N. clavata that were collected at two forest sites (PS and ES) in Fukushima and then focused on the relationships between the contents of the alkali metals Li, Na, K, and Rb and the accumulation of (137)Cs in the spiders; Cs is an alkali metal and is expected to act similarly to Li, Na, K, and Rb. We also focused on the content of the non-alkali element, Cu, which is an essential element for oxygen transport in spiders. We found that Na content correlated positively with (137)Cs accumulation at both sites, which suggested that (137)Cs accumulation in N. clavata was related with the dynamics of Na. The K-, Rb-, and Cu-(137)Cs relationships were site specific; the relationships were significant at site PS, but not significant at site ES. Factors causing the site specific relationships and the probable pathway for (137)Cs transfer from soil to plants and then to higher trophic levels are discussed in terms of the transfer processes of the alkali metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Ayabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Kanasashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Naoki Hijii
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Chisato Takenaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Fuller N, Lerebours A, Smith JT, Ford AT. The biological effects of ionising radiation on Crustaceans: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 167:55-67. [PMID: 26261880 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Historic approaches to radiation protection are founded on the conjecture that measures to safeguard humans are adequate to protect non-human organisms. This view is disparate with other toxicants wherein well-developed frameworks exist to minimise exposure of biota. Significant data gaps for many organisms, coupled with high profile nuclear incidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, have prompted the re-evaluation of our approach toward environmental radioprotection. Elucidating the impacts of radiation on biota has been identified as priority area for future research within both scientific and regulatory communities. The crustaceans are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, comprising greater than 66,000 species of ecological and commercial importance. This paper aims to assess the available literature of radiation-induced effects within this subphylum and identify knowledge gaps. A literature search was conducted pertaining to radiation effects on four endpoints as stipulated by a number of regulatory bodies: mortality, morbidity, reproduction and mutation. A major finding of this review was the paucity of data regarding the effects of environmentally relevant radiation doses on crustacean biology. Extremely few studies utilising chronic exposure durations or wild populations were found across all four endpoints. The dose levels at which effects occur was found to vary by orders of magnitude thus presenting difficulties in developing phyla-specific benchmark values and reference levels for radioprotection. Based on the limited data, mutation was found to be the most sensitive endpoint of radiation exposure, with mortality the least sensitive. Current phyla-specific dose levels and limits proposed by major regulatory bodies were found to be inadequate to protect species across a range of endpoints including morbidity, mutation and reproduction and examples are discussed within. These findings serve to prioritise areas for future research that will significantly advance understanding of radiation-induced effects in aquatic invertebrates and consequently enhance ability to predict the impacts of radioactive releases on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Adélaïde Lerebours
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO4 9LY, UK.
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Stark K, Scott DE, Tsyusko O, Coughlin DP, Hinton TG. Multi-Level Effects of Low Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation on Southern Toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125327. [PMID: 25927361 PMCID: PMC4415799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their potential vulnerability to contaminants from exposure at multiple life stages, amphibians are one of the least studied groups of vertebrates in ecotoxicology, and research on radiation effects in amphibians is scarce. We used multiple endpoints to assess the radiosensitivity of the southern toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris) during its pre-terrestrial stages of development –embryonic, larval, and metamorphic. Toads were exposed, from several hours after oviposition through metamorphosis (up to 77 days later), to four low dose rates of 137Cs at 0.13, 2.4, 21, and 222 mGy d-1, resulting in total doses up to 15.8 Gy. Radiation treatments did not affect hatching success of embryos, larval survival, or the length of the larval period. The individual family variation in hatching success of embryos was larger than the radiation response. In contrast, newly metamorphosed individuals from the higher dose-rate treatments had higher mass and mass/length body indices, a measure which may relate to higher post-metamorphic survival. The increased mass and index at higher dose rates may indicate that the chronic, low dose rate radiation exposures triggered secondary responses. Additionally, the increases in growth were linked to a decrease in DNA damage (as measured by the Comet Assay) in red blood cells at a dose rate of 21 mGy d-1 and a total dose of 1.1 Gy. In conclusion, the complex effects of low dose rates of ionizing radiation may trigger growth and cellular repair mechanisms in amphibian larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stark
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David E. Scott
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olga Tsyusko
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Coughlin
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Hinton
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radioecology, Environmental Modeling and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Cadarache, France
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Bonisoli-Alquati A, Koyama K, Tedeschi DJ, Kitamura W, Sukuzi H, Ostermiller S, Arai E, Møller AP, Mousseau TA. Abundance and genetic damage of barn swallows from Fukushima. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9432. [PMID: 25838205 PMCID: PMC5381690 DOI: 10.1038/srep09432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have assessed or modeled the distribution of the radionuclides released by the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Few studies however have investigated its consequences for the local biota. We tested whether exposure of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) nestlings to low dose ionizing radiation increased genetic damage to their peripheral erythrocytes. We estimated external radiation exposure by using thermoluminescent dosimeters, and by measuring radioactivity of the nest material. We then assessed DNA damage by means of the neutral comet assay. In addition, we conducted standard point-count censuses of barn swallows across environmental radiation levels, and estimated their abundance and local age ratio. Radioactivity of nest samples was in the range 479-143,349 Bq kg(-1), while external exposure varied between 0.15 and 4.9 mGy. Exposure to radioactive contamination did not correlate with higher genetic damage in nestlings. However, at higher levels of radioactive contamination the number of barn swallows declined and the fraction of juveniles decreased, indicating lower survival and lower reproduction and/or fledging rate. Thus, genetic damage to nestlings does not explain the decline of barn swallows in contaminated areas, and a proximate mechanism for the demographic effects documented here remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bonisoli-Alquati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - K. Koyama
- Japan Bird Research Association, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. J. Tedeschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - W. Kitamura
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Tokyo City University, Yokohama City, Japan
| | - H. Sukuzi
- Value Frontier Co., Ltd., Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Ostermiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - E. Arai
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A. P. Møller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - T. A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Wang N, Wu X, Kehrwald N, Li Z, Li Q, Jiang X, Pu J. Fukushima nuclear accident recorded in Tibetan Plateau snow pits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116580. [PMID: 25658094 PMCID: PMC4319914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β radioactivity of snow-pit samples collected in the spring of 2011 on four Tibetan Plateau glaciers demonstrate a remarkable peak in each snow pit profile, with peaks about ten to tens of times higher than background levels. The timing of these peaks suggests that the high radioactivity resulted from the Fukushima nuclear accident that occurred on March 11, 2011 in eastern Japan. Fallout monitoring studies demonstrate that this radioactive material was transported by the westerlies across the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The depth of the peak β radioactivity in each snow pit compared with observational precipitation records, suggests that the radioactive fallout reached the Tibetan Plateau and was deposited on glacier surfaces in late March 2011, or approximately 20 days after the nuclear accident. The radioactive fallout existed in the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau for about one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninglian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Natalie Kehrwald
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianchen Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Ruedig E, Beresford NA, Gomez Fernandez ME, Higley K. A comparison of the ellipsoidal and voxelized dosimetric methodologies for internal, heterogeneous radionuclide sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 140:70-77. [PMID: 25461518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-human biota dosimetry has historically relied on ellipsoidal dosimetric phantoms. In 2008, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) presented a set of ellipsoidal models representative of wildlife, including dosimetric data for homogeneously distributed internal radionuclide sources. Such data makes it possible to quickly and easily estimate radiation dose rate. Voxelized modeling, first developed for use in human medical dosimetry, utilizes advanced imaging technologies to generate realistic and detailed dosimetric phantoms. Individual organs or tissues may be segmented and dosimetric data derived for each anatomic area of interest via Monte Carlo modeling. Recently, dosimetric data derived from voxelized models has become available for organisms similar to the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants in 2008. However, if the existing ellipsoidal models are conservative, there may be little need to employ voxel models in regulatory assessments. At the same time, existing dosimetric techniques may be inadequate to resolve recent controversies surrounding the impact of ionizing radiation exposure on wildlife. This study quantifies the difference between voxel-calculated and ellipsoid-calculated dose rates for seven radionuclides assumed to be heterogeneously distributed: (14)C, (36)Cl, (60)Co, (90)Sr, (131)I, (134)Cs, (137)Cs, and (210)Po. Generally, the two methodologies agree within a factor of two to three. Finally, this paper compares the assumptions of each dosimetric system, the conditions under which each model best applies, and the implications that our results have for the ongoing dialog surrounding wildlife dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ruedig
- Colorado State University, Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - Kathryn Higley
- Oregon State University, Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiation Health Physics, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Lecomte-Pradines C, Bonzom JM, Della-Vedova C, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Villenave C, Gaschak S, Coppin F, Dubourg N, Maksimenko A, Adam-Guillermin C, Garnier-Laplace J. Soil nematode assemblages as bioindicators of radiation impact in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 490:161-170. [PMID: 24852614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In radioecology, the need to understand the long-term ecological effects of radioactive contamination has been emphasised. This requires that the health of field populations is evaluated and linked to an accurate estimate of received radiological dose. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of current radioactive contamination on nematode assemblages at sites affected by the fallout from the Chernobyl accident. First, we estimated the total dose rates (TDRs) absorbed by nematodes, from measured current soil activity concentrations, Dose Conversion Coefficients (DCCs, calculated using EDEN software) and soil-to-biota concentration ratios (from the ERICA tool database). The impact of current TDRs on nematode assemblages was then evaluated. Nematodes were collected in spring 2011 from 18 forest sites in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) with external gamma dose rates, measured using radiophotoluminescent dosimeters, varying from 0.2 to 22 μGy h(-1). These values were one order of magnitude below the TDRs. A majority of bacterial-, plant-, and fungal-feeding nematodes and very few of the disturbance sensitive families were identified. No statistically significant association was observed between TDR values and nematode total abundance or the Shannon diversity index (H'). The Nematode Channel Ratio (which defines the relative abundance of bacterial- versus fungal-feeding nematodes) decreased significantly with increasing TDR, suggesting that radioactive contamination may influence nematode assemblages either directly or indirectly by modifying their food resources. A greater Maturity Index (MI), usually characterising better soil quality, was associated with higher pH and TDR values. These results suggest that in the CEZ, nematode assemblages from the forest sites were slightly impacted by chronic exposure at a predicted TDR of 200 μGy h(-1). This may be imputable to a dominant proportion of pollutant resistant nematodes in all sites. This might result from a selection at the expense of sensitive species after the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lecomte-Pradines
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France.
| | - J-M Bonzom
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | | | - K Beaugelin-Seiller
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LM2E, Building 159, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - C Villenave
- ELISOL Environment, Building 12, Campus de la Gaillarde, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - S Gaschak
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 07100 Slavutych, Ukraine
| | - F Coppin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, L2BT, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - N Dubourg
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, GARM Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - A Maksimenko
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 07100 Slavutych, Ukraine
| | - C Adam-Guillermin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - J Garnier-Laplace
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Building 159, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
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Taira W, Nohara C, Hiyama A, Otaki JM. Fukushima's Biological Impacts: The Case of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly. J Hered 2014; 105:710-22. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hayama SI, Nakiri S, Nakanishi S, Ishii N, Uno T, Kato T, Konno F, Kawamoto Y, Tsuchida S, Ochiai K, Omi T. Concentration of radiocesium in the wild Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) over the first 15 months after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68530. [PMID: 23844216 PMCID: PMC3700931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a nuclear reactor core meltdown occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company, and was followed by the release of large amounts of radioactive materials. The objective of this study was to measure the concentration of radiocesium 134Cs and 137Cs in the muscle of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) inhabiting the forest area of Fukushima City and to determine the change in concentration over time as well as the relationship with the level of soil contamination. Cesium concentrations in the muscle of monkeys captured at locations with 100,000–300,000 Bq/m2 were 6,000–25,000 Bq/kg in April 2011 and decreased over 3 months to around 1,000 Bq/kg. However, the concentration increased again to 2,000–3,000 Bq/kg in some animals during and after December 2011 before returning to 1,000 Bq/kg in April 2012, after which it remained relatively constant. This pattern of change in muscle radiocesium concentration was similar to that of the change in radiocesium concentration in atmospheric fallout. Moreover, the monkeys feed on winter buds and the cambium layer of tree bark potentially containing higher concentrations of radiocesium than that in the diet during the rest of the year. The muscle radiocesium concentration in the monkeys related significantly with the level of soil contamination at the capture locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Hayama
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
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Garnier-Laplace J, Geras'kin S, Della-Vedova C, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Hinton TG, Real A, Oudalova A. Are radiosensitivity data derived from natural field conditions consistent with data from controlled exposures? A case study of Chernobyl wildlife chronically exposed to low dose rates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 121:12-21. [PMID: 22336569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The discrepancy between laboratory or controlled conditions ecotoxicity tests and field data on wildlife chronically exposed to ionising radiation is presented for the first time. We reviewed the available chronic radiotoxicity data acquired in contaminated fields and used a statistical methodology to support the comparison with knowledge on inter-species variation of sensitivity to controlled external γ irradiation. We focus on the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and effects data on terrestrial wildlife reported in the literature corresponding to chronic dose rate exposure situations (from background ~100 nGy/h up to ~10 mGy/h). When needed, we reconstructed the dose rate to organisms and obtained consistent unbiased data sets necessary to establish the dose rate-effect relationship for a number of different species and endpoints. Then, we compared the range of variation of radiosensitivity of species from the Chernobyl-Exclusion Zone with the statistical distribution established for terrestrial species chronically exposed to purely gamma external irradiation (or chronic Species radioSensitivity Distribution - SSD). We found that the best estimate of the median value (HDR50) of the distribution established for field conditions at Chernobyl (about 100 μGy/h) was eight times lower than the one from controlled experiments (about 850 μGy/h), suggesting that organisms in their natural environmental were more sensitive to radiation. This first comparison highlights the lack of mechanistic understanding and the potential confusion coming from sampling strategies in the field. To confirm the apparent higher sensitive of wildlife in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, we call for more a robust strategy in field, with adequate design to deal with confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garnier-Laplace
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/DEI/SECRE, Cadarache, Building 159, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance Cedex, France.
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Fisher NS, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Hinton TG, Baumann Z, Madigan DJ, Garnier-Laplace J. Evaluation of radiation doses and associated risk from the Fukushima nuclear accident to marine biota and human consumers of seafood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10670-5. [PMID: 23733934 PMCID: PMC3696798 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221834110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive isotopes originating from the damaged Fukushima nuclear reactor in Japan following the earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 were found in resident marine animals and in migratory Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT). Publication of this information resulted in a worldwide response that caused public anxiety and concern, although PBFT captured off California in August 2011 contained activity concentrations below those from naturally occurring radionuclides. To link the radioactivity to possible health impairments, we calculated doses, attributable to the Fukushima-derived and the naturally occurring radionuclides, to both the marine biota and human fish consumers. We showed that doses in all cases were dominated by the naturally occurring alpha-emitter (210)Po and that Fukushima-derived doses were three to four orders of magnitude below (210)Po-derived doses. Doses to marine biota were about two orders of magnitude below the lowest benchmark protection level proposed for ecosystems (10 µGy⋅h(-1)). The additional dose from Fukushima radionuclides to humans consuming tainted PBFT in the United States was calculated to be 0.9 and 4.7 µSv for average consumers and subsistence fishermen, respectively. Such doses are comparable to, or less than, the dose all humans routinely obtain from naturally occurring radionuclides in many food items, medical treatments, air travel, or other background sources. Although uncertainties remain regarding the assessment of cancer risk at low doses of ionizing radiation to humans, the dose received from PBFT consumption by subsistence fishermen can be estimated to result in two additional fatal cancer cases per 10,000,000 similarly exposed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Fisher
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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