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Abstract
Nickel (Ni) metal and Ni compounds are widely used in applications like stainless steel, alloys, and batteries. Nickel is a naturally occurring element in water, soil, air, and living organisms, and is essential to microorganisms and plants. Thus, human and environmental nickel exposures are ubiquitous. Production and use of nickel and its compounds can, however, result in additional exposures to humans and the environment. Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. These effects have thresholds, with indirect genotoxic and epigenetic events underlying the threshold mode of action for nickel carcinogenicity. Differences in human toxicity potencies/potentials of different nickel chemical forms are correlated with the bioavailability of the Ni2+ ion at target sites. Likewise, Ni2+ has been demonstrated to be the toxic chemical species in the environment, and models have been developed that account for the influence of abiotic factors on the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni2+ in different habitats. Emerging issues regarding the toxicity of nickel nanoforms and metal mixtures are briefly discussed. This review is unique in its covering of both human and environmental nickel toxicity data.
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Zhang B, Li WA, Liao YY, Zhang C, Feng ML, Huang XY. [CH 3 NH 3 ] 4 Ga 4 SbS 9 S 0.28 O 0.72 H: A Three-Dimensionally Open-Framework Heterometallic Chalcogenidoantimonate Exhibiting Ni 2+ Ion-Exchange Property. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:672-678. [PMID: 29345854 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An open-framework chalcogenidoantimonate, namely, [CH3 NH3 ]4 Ga4 SbS9 S0.28 O0.72 H (1), has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Interestingly, 1 showed Ni2+ ion-exchange properties and wide pH resistance, with a maximum exchange capacity of 76.9 mg g-1 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of amine-directed three-dimensional (3D) heterometallic chalcogenidometalates for highly selective Ni2+ ion capture with a high distribution coefficient (Kd =1.65×105 mL g-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Wei-An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Mei-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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Hale B, Gopalapillai Y, Pellegrino A, Jennett T, Kikkert J, Lau W, Schlekat C, McLaughlin MJ. Validation of site-specific soil Ni toxicity thresholds with independent ecotoxicity and biogeochemistry data for elevated soil Ni. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:165-172. [PMID: 28800485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Existing Substances Regulation Risk Assessments by the European Union (EU RA) generated new toxicity data for soil organisms exposed to Ni added to sixteen field-collected soils with low background concentration of metals and varying physico-chemical soil characteristics. Using only effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) as a bioavailability correction, chronic toxicity of Ni in soils with a wide range of characteristics could be predicted within a factor of two. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this was also the case for three independent data sets of Ni toxicity thresholds. Two of the data sets were from Community Based Risk Assessments in Port Colborne ON, and Sudbury ON (Canada) for soils containing elevated concentrations of Ni, Co and Cu arising from many decades of Ni mining, smelting and refining. The third data set was the Metals in Asia study of soluble Ni added to field soils in China. These data yielded 72 leached and aged EC10/NOEC values for soil Ni, for arthropods, higher plants and woodlot structure and function. These were reduced to nine most sensitive single or geometric mean species/function endpoints, none of which were lower than the HC5 predicted for a soil with an eCEC of 20 cmol/kg. Most of these leached and aged EC10/NOEC values were from soils co-contaminated with Cu, in some cases at its median HC5 as predicted by the EU RA from soil characteristics. We conclude that the EU RA is protective of Ni toxicity to higher-tier ecological endpoints, including in mixture with Cu, before the assessment factor of 2 is applied. We suggest that for prospective risk assessment, the bioavailability based PNEC (HC5/2) be used as a conservative screen, but for retrospective and site-specific risk assessment, the bioavailability based HC5 is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Yamini Gopalapillai
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Amanda Pellegrino
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Tyson Jennett
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Julie Kikkert
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Wilson Lau
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Christian Schlekat
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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Ruiz SR, Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Salminen JP, Lilley TM, Eeva T. Vitamin profiles in two free-living passerine birds under a metal pollution gradient - A calcium supplementation experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:242-252. [PMID: 28068581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin and carotenoid deficiency may impair development in free-living vertebrates, because of the importance of these micronutrients to growth, antioxidant defense and calcium regulation. Micronutrient and calcium insufficiency can be intensified by metal pollution which can interfere with nutrient homeostasis or indirectly reduce food availability. Furthermore, absorption of dietary heavy metals is dependent on food calcium and vitamin levels. We investigated the effect of calcium on plasma vitamin and carotenoid profiles and how these affected growth and survival in two passerine birds with different calcium turnover living along a metal pollution gradient. Vitamins (A, D3 and E) and carotenoids were quantified from blood plasma of great tit (Parus major) and pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings. Metal concentrations in soil and in feces from the same nestlings were used to assess the exposure to air pollution. Additionally, we examined the vitamin level variation between developmental stages (eggs and nestlings within the same brood). Our results showed that generally higher concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids circulate in blood of great tits than in pied flycatchers. In general, birds inhabiting the polluted zone presented lower concentrations of the studied micronutrients. Calcium supplementation and metal pollution decreased vitamin A concentration in pied flycatcher, but not in great tit, while vitamin A affected growth and survival in great tit and pied flycatcher respectively. Our results suggest that populations under exposure to metal pollution may experience increased vitamin A deficiency, and that the two passerine species, while obtaining similar micronutrients in food, respond differently to environmental disturbance of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Thomas M Lilley
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Biology Department, Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, PA 17837, USA
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Hommen U, Knopf B, Rüdel H, Schäfers C, De Schamphelaere K, Schlekat C, Garman ER. A microcosm study to support aquatic risk assessment of nickel: Community-level effects and comparison with bioavailability-normalized species sensitivity distributions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1172-1182. [PMID: 26387764 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic risk assessment for nickel (Ni) in the European Union is based on chronic species sensitivity distributions and the use of bioavailability models. To test whether a bioavailability-based safe threshold of Ni (the hazardous concentration for 5% of species [HC5]) is protective for aquatic communities, microcosms were exposed to 5 stable Ni treatments (6-96 μg/L) and a control for 4 mo to assess bioaccumulation and effects on phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, and snails. Concentrations of Ni in the periphyton, macrophytes, and snails measured at the end of the exposure period increased in a dose-dependent manner but did not indicate biomagnification. Abundance of phytoplankton and snails decreased in 48 μg Ni/L and 96 μg Ni/L treatments, which may have indirectly affected the abundance of zooplankton and periphyton. Exposure up to 24 μg Ni/L had no adverse effects on algae and zooplankton, whereas the rate of population decline of the snails at 24 μg Ni/L was significantly higher than in the controls. Therefore, the study-specific overall no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) is 12 μg Ni/L. This NOAEC is approximately twice the HC5 derived from a chronic species sensitivity distribution considering the specific water chemistry of the microcosm by means of bioavailability models. Thus, the present study provides support to the protectiveness of the bioavailability-normalized HC5 for freshwater communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Hommen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Germany
| | - Burkhard Knopf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Germany
| | - Karel De Schamphelaere
- Environmental Toxicology Unit (GhEnToxLab), Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Schlekat
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Tuovinen TS, Kasurinen A, Häikiö E, Tervahauta A, Makkonen S, Holopainen T, Juutilainen J. Transfer of elements relevant to nuclear fuel cycle from soil to boreal plants and animals in experimental meso- and microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:252-261. [PMID: 26363398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), thorium (Th) and zinc (Zn) occur naturally in soil but their radioactive isotopes can also be released into the environment during the nuclear fuel cycle. The transfer of these elements was studied in three different trophic levels in experimental mesocosms containing downy birch (Betula pubescens), narrow buckler fern (Dryopteris carthusiana) and Scandinavian small-reed (Calamagrostis purpurea ssp. Phragmitoides) as producers, snails (Arianta arbostorum) as herbivores, and earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as decomposers. To determine more precisely whether the element uptake of snails is mainly via their food (birch leaves) or both via soil and food, a separate microcosm experiment was also performed. The element uptake of snails did not generally depend on the presence of soil, indicating that the main uptake route was food, except for U, where soil contact was important for uptake when soil U concentration was high. Transfer of elements from soil to plants was not linear, i.e. it was not correctly described by constant concentration ratios (CR) commonly applied in radioecological modeling. Similar nonlinear transfer was found for the invertebrate animals included in this study: elements other than U were taken up more efficiently when element concentration in soil or food was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina S Tuovinen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne Kasurinen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Häikiö
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Tervahauta
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Makkonen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Toini Holopainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Sample BE, Schlekat C, Spurgeon DJ, Menzie C, Rauscher J, Adams B. Recommendations to improve wildlife exposure estimation for development of soil screening and cleanup values. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:372-387. [PMID: 24039164 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An integral component in the development of media-specific values for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals is the derivation of safe levels of exposure for wildlife. Although the derivation and subsequent application of these values can be used for screening purposes, there is a need to identify the threshold for effects when making remedial decisions during site-specific assessments. Methods for evaluation of wildlife exposure are included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs), registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals (REACH), and other risk-based soil assessment approaches. The goal of these approaches is to ensure that soil-associated contaminants do not pose a risk to wildlife that directly ingest soil, or to species that may be exposed to contaminants that persist in the food chain. These approaches incorporate broad assumptions in the exposure and effects assessments and in the risk characterization process. Consequently, thresholds for concluding risk are frequently very low with conclusions of risk possible when soil metal concentrations fall in the range of natural background. A workshop held in September, 2012 evaluated existing methods and explored recent science about factors to consider when establishing appropriate remedial goals for concentrations of metals in soils. A Foodweb Exposure Workgroup was organized to evaluate methods for quantifying exposure of wildlife to soil-associated metals through soil and food consumption and to provide recommendations for the development of ecological soil cleanup values (Eco-SCVs) that are both practical and scientifically defensible. The specific goals of this article are to review the current practices for quantifying exposure of wildlife to soil-associated contaminants via bioaccumulation and trophic transfer, to identify potential opportunities for refining and improving these exposure estimates, and finally, to make recommendations for application of these improved models to the development of site-specific remedial goals protective of wildlife. Although the focus is on metals contamination, many of the methods and tools discussed are also applicable to organic contaminants. The conclusion of this workgroup was that existing exposure estimation models are generally appropriate when fully expanded and that methods are generally available to develop more robust site-specific exposure estimates. Improved realism in site-specific wildlife Eco-SCVs could be achieved by obtaining more realistic estimates for diet composition, bioaccumulation, bioavailability and/or bioaccessibility, soil ingestion, spatial aspects of exposure, and target organ exposure. These components of wildlife exposure estimation should be developed on a site-, species-, and analyte-specific basis to the extent that the expense for their derivation is justified by the value they add to Eco-SCV development.
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Mayfield DB, Johnson MS, Burris JA, Fairbrother A. Furthering the derivation of predictive wildlife toxicity reference values for use in soil cleanup decisions. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:358-371. [PMID: 23913912 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of media-specific ecological values for risk assessment includes the derivation of acceptable levels of exposure for terrestrial wildlife (e.g., birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians). Although the derivation and subsequent application of these values can be used for screening purposes, there is a need to identify toxicological effects thresholds specifically for making remedial decisions at individual contaminated sites. A workshop was held in the fall of 2012 to evaluate existing methods and recent scientific developments for refining ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) and improving the derivation of site-specific ecological soil clean-up values for metals (Eco-SCVs). This included a focused session on the development and derivation of toxicity reference values (TRVs) for terrestrial wildlife. Topics that were examined included: methods for toxicological endpoint selection, techniques for dose-response assessment, approaches for cross-species extrapolation, and tools to incorporate environmental factors (e.g., metal bioavailability and chemistry) into a reference value. The workgroup also made recommendations to risk assessors and regulators on how to incorporate site-specific wildlife life history and toxicity information into the derivation of TRVs to be used in the further development of soil cleanup levels.
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