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Bundschuh M, Mesquita-Joanes F, Rico A, Camacho A. Understanding Ecological Complexity in a Chemical Stress Context: A Reflection on Recolonization, Recovery, and Adaptation of Aquatic Populations and Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1857-1866. [PMID: 37204216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recovery, recolonization, and adaptation in a chemical stress context are processes that regenerate local populations and communities as well as the functions these communities perform. Recolonization, either by species previously present or by new species able to occupy the niches left empty, refers to a metacommunity process with stressed ecosystems benefiting from the dispersal of organisms from other areas. A potential consequence of recolonization is a limited capacity of local populations to adapt to potentially repeating events of chemical stress exposure when their niches have been effectively occupied by the new colonizers or by new genetic lineages of the taxa previously present. Recovery, instead, is an internal process occurring within stressed ecosystems. More specifically, the impact of a stressor on a community benefits less sensitive individuals of a local population as well as less sensitive taxa within a community. Finally, adaptation refers to phenotypic and, sometimes, genetic changes at the individual and population levels, allowing the permanence of individuals of previously existing taxa without necessarily changing the community taxonomic composition (i.e., not replacing sensitive species). Because these processes are usually operating in parallel in nature, though at different degrees, it seems relevant to try to understand their relative importance for the regeneration of community structure and ecosystem functioning after chemical exposure. In the present critical perspective, we employed case studies supporting our understanding of the underlying processes with the hope to provide a theoretical framework to disentangle the relevance of the three processes for the regeneration of a biological community after chemical exposure. Finally, we provide some recommendations to experimentally compare their relative importance so that the net effects of these processes can be used to parameterize risk-assessment models and inform ecosystem management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1857-1866. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesc Mesquita-Joanes
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
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Liu R, Li L, Guo L, Jiao L, Wang Y, Cao L, Wang Y. Multi-scenario simulation of ecological risk assessment based on ecosystem service values in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:434. [PMID: 35575942 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a framework for ecological risk assessment based on ecosystem service values and risk probability was established. Remote sensing was used to estimate the value of ecosystem services at the regional scale. Considering the natural and anthropogenic factors and using the entropy weight method to assign weights, probability index was constructed. In addition, multiple scenarios based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method were simulated to reduce subjective uncertainty in the assessment. The results showed that the ecosystem service values generated by the gas regulation value accounted for the largest proportion, with a ratio of 46% in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. From 2005 to 2015, the value of ecosystem services decreased, falling by 2.5 × 107 Yuan. The level of ecological risk was relatively high, with a corresponding area ratio of 32.89%. Spatially, the areas with high risk were concentrated in the southeastern areas, and areas with relatively low risk were distributed in the western and northern areas. This high risk was probably caused by urbanization which was characterized by reduction of farmland and increase in impervious surface. Multi-scenario simulation showed that the areas of unstable ecological risk zones covered 30% and were mainly concentrated in the surroundings of developing cities. In areas of unstable risk distribution, the relationship between development and protection should be considered. This framework increases the reliability and practicability of ecological risk assessment results and has potential application value for regional risk control in the context of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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Oliveira dos Anjos TB, Polazzo F, Arenas‐Sánchez A, Cherta L, Ascari R, Migliorati S, Vighi M, Rico A. Eutrophic status influences the impact of pesticide mixtures and predation on Daphnia pulex populations. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4046-4057. [PMID: 33976793 PMCID: PMC8093730 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides, nutrients, and ecological stressors such as competition or predation co-occur in freshwater ecosystems impacted by agriculture. The extent to which combinations of these stressors affect aquatic populations and the role of nutrients availability in modulating these responses requires further understanding. In this study, we assessed how pesticides affecting different taxonomic groups and predation influence the response of Daphnia pulex populations under different trophic conditions. An outdoor experiment was designed following a factorial design, with the insecticide chlorpyrifos, the herbicide diuron, and the predation by Notonecta sp. individuals as key stressors. The single impact of each of these stressors, and their binary and tertiary combinations, was evaluated on D. pulex abundance and population structure under mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions for 21 days. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models estimated by means of a novel Bayesian shrinkage technique. Our study shows a significant influence of each of the evaluated stressors on D. pulex abundance; however, the impacts of the herbicide and predation were lower under eutrophic conditions as compared to the mesotrophic ones. We found that binary stressor interactions were generally additive in the mesotrophic scenario, except for the herbicide-predation combination, which resulted in synergistic effects. The impacts of the binary stressor combinations in the eutrophic scenario were classified as antagonistic, except for the insecticide-herbicide combination, which was additive. The tertiary interaction resulted in significant effects on some sampling dates; however, these were rather antagonistic and resembled the most important binary stressor combination in each trophic scenario. Our study shows that the impact of pesticides on freshwater populations depends on the predation pressure, and demonstrates that the combined effect of pesticides and ecological stressors is influenced by the food availability and organism fitness related to the trophic status of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talles Bruno Oliveira dos Anjos
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
- University of Koblenz‐LandauLandau in der PfalzGermany
| | - Francesco Polazzo
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Alba Arenas‐Sánchez
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Laura Cherta
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Roberto Ascari
- Department of Economics, Management and StatisticsUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Sonia Migliorati
- Department of Economics, Management and StatisticsUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water InstituteScience and Technology Campus of the University of AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ValenciaPaternaSpain
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Brühl CA, Després L, Frör O, Patil CD, Poulin B, Tetreau G, Allgeier S. Environmental and socioeconomic effects of mosquito control in Europe using the biocide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:137800. [PMID: 32249002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been used in mosquito control programs to reduce nuisance in Europe for decades and is generally considered an environmentally-safe, effective and target-specific biocide. However, the use of Bti is not uncontroversial. Target mosquitoes and affected midges represent an important food source for many aquatic and terrestrial predators and reduction of their populations is likely to result in food-web effects at higher trophic levels. In the context of global biodiversity loss, this appears particularly critical since treated wetlands are often representing conservation areas. In this review, we address the current large-scale use of Bti for mosquito nuisance control in Europe, provide a description of its regulation followed by an overview of the available evidence on the parameters that are essential to evaluate Bti use in mosquito control. Bti accumulation and toxin persistence could result in a chronic expose of mosquito populations ultimately affecting their susceptibility, although observed increase in resistance to Bti in mosquito populations is low due to the four toxins involved. A careful independent monitoring of mosquito susceptibility, using sensitive bioassays, is mandatory to detect resistance development timely. Direct Bti effects were documented for non-target chironomids and other invertebrate groups and are discussed for amphibians. Field studies revealed contrasting results on possible impacts on chironomid abundances. Indirect, food-web effects were rarely studied in the environment. Depending on study design and duration, Bti effects on higher trophic levels were demonstrated or not. Further long-term field studies are needed, especially with observations of bird declines in Bti-treated wetland areas. Socio-economic relevance of mosquito control requires considering nuisance, vector-borne diseases and environmental effects jointly. Existing studies indicate that a majority of the population is concerned regarding potential environmental effects of Bti mosquito control and that they are willing to pay for alternative, more environment-friendly techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Laurence Després
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Oliver Frör
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Chandrashekhar D Patil
- Centre of Island Research and Environmental Observatory, PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Brigitte Poulin
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France
| | | | - Stefanie Allgeier
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, D-76829 Landau, Germany
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Raybould A. Hypothesis-Led Ecological Risk Assessment of GM Crops to Support Decision-Making About Product Use. GMOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53183-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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