1
|
Liu H, Hu J, Tan Y, Zheng Z, Liu M, Lohmann R, Vojta S, Katz S, Liu Y, Li Z, Fang Z, Cai M, Zhao W. Identification of key anthropogenic and land use factors and ecological risk assessment of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in an urbanized estuary in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116876. [PMID: 39173474 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated dissolved PAHs and OCPs in Quanzhou Bay estuaries, assessed their ecological risk, and examined anthropogenic impacts on contaminant distribution. Results showed that dissolved ∑24PAH concentrations ranged from 117 to 709 ng/L (mean: 358 ng/L), with dominance of 2-ring PAHs (Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene). Dissolved DDT levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.49 ng/L (mean: 0.28 ng/L), while HCBz concentrations varied from 0.02 to 0.44 ng/L (mean: 0.20 ng/L). PAHs were higher in the north due to urbanization and transport, while OCPs showed higher levels in the south due to historical agricultural use. Rural areas, water bodies, and wetlands significantly influenced the behavior of PAHs according to Spearman correlation and lasso regression analyses. Quanzhou Bay was categorized as a low to medium risk area based on dispersion simulation and ecological risk assessment, highlighting implications for future sustainable development and policy planning. CAPSULE: The coupled relationship between human activities and the distribution of dissolved PAHs and OCPs in urbanized estuaries was explored using statistical methods and GIS technology, providing valuable insights into environmental processes and pollutant control policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Simon Vojta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Samuel Katz
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Minggang Cai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Wenlu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Sun T, Li F, Ji C, Wu H. Risk assessment of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater of typical bays in the Bohai Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116030. [PMID: 38266481 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The ecological risks of trace metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) and PAHs in seawater from three typical bays of the Bohai Sea (the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, and Laizhou Bay) were comprehensively assessed by recompiling 637 sites. Results highlighted that scrutiny should be given to the ecological risks of Cu (3.80 μg/L) in the Bohai Bay and Hg (0.23 μg/L) in the Laizhou Bay. Conversely, the Liaodong Bay exhibited negligible ecological risks related to trace metals. The risks of ΣPAHs in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, and Laizhou Bay were moderate, with mean concentrations of 368.16 ng/L, 731.93 ng/L, and 187.58 ng/L, respectively. The source allocation of trace metals and PAHs required consideration of spatial variability and anthropogenic factors, which greatly affected the distribution and composition of these pollutants. The combined ecological risks in the Bohai Bay (6.80 %) and Laizhou Bay (5.43 %) deserved more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albarico FPJB, Lim YC, Chen CF, Wang MH, Chen CW, Dong CD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 55-120 μm phytoplankton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115860. [PMID: 38039576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A baseline study was undertaken on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in phytoplankton. Plankton samples from six stations (duplicates) in Kaohsiung Harbor (KH), Taiwan along with a phytoplankton control sample afar from the harbor, were collected. We applied size-fractionation to isolate phytoplankton (55-120 μm), followed by sedimentation and centrifugation to remove abiogenic particulates. The phytoplankton was freeze-dried, extracted with acetone: n-hexane (1:1, v/v), and analyzed using GC-MS. ΣPAHs in phytoplankton ranged between 5204 and 28,903 ng/g dry weight (mean: 12,150 ng/g). The ΣPAHs in KH were >7 times than the control site (C1: 3972 ng/g). Cluster analysis showed spatial gradients (northern < southern KH). Accumulated PAHs in phytoplankton were from petrogenic (fishing ports and ships) and pyrogenic (river outflows), dominated by lower-ring PAHs, likely due to their higher bioavailability in the dissolved phase. We present a practical phytoplankton isolation technique for more accurate phytoplankton PAH concentrations with insights into their distribution and sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin K, Wang R, Tan L, Jiang S, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang J. Assessing the potential risks, sources and the relationship between the dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the typical semi-enclosed bay, Bohai Bay of China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106192. [PMID: 37783158 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution as well as the partitioning behavior of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. It was found that the average concentration of PAHs in surface seawater was significantly higher in autumn (58.16 ng L-1) than in summer (40.47 ng L-1) due to a large amount of input in autumn and more photodegradation and biodegradation affected by higher temperatures in summer. The spatial distribution indicated that the river had a significant dilution effect on PAHs in summer and became a significant input source in autumn. In addition, a large number of oil and gas development platforms were distributed throughout the Bohai Bay, and the discharge of production and domestic sewage contributed to the PAHs pollution level. As a semi-enclosed bay, the water exchange capacity of Bohai Bay was poor, leading to a greater accumulation of PAHs in the marine environment. The diagnostic ratios and PCA-MLR indicated that petroleum was the most important source of PAHs with a contribution of 45%, followed by fuel combustion (39%) such as coal and oil. Photooxidation in seawater resulted in a reduction of BaP/BeP, indicating that seasonal variations in photooxidation had a significant impact on the composition of PAHs (summer: 1.49, autumn: 2.96). The concentration of particulate PAHs was correlated with the concentration of dissolved PAHs and SPM, and the proportion of 3-rings (43.8%) and 4-rings (49.8%) PAHs was significantly higher on SPM. The distribution coefficients Log Kd and φspm-water showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing as the number of rings increased, with the 4-rings Pyr exhibiting the highest value. According to the ecological risk assessment, the ecological risk of total PAHs was low (RQNCs < 800, RQMECs < 1), but the ecological risk of individual PAHs and the carcinogenicity of high-ring PAHs could not be ignored (>96.5%). This study is significant for investigating the "sources and sinks" of PAHs in the complex marine environment by analyzing the partitioning behavior of PAHs in different phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu G, Li J, Luo W. Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and assessment of marine water quality parameters in the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115526. [PMID: 37696239 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A two-year (2020-2021) survey dataset of six water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), and petroleum pollutants) was used to investigate their spatial distribution in the Bohai Sea and quantify their potential sources. There were significant differences in spatial distribution of the parameters. High concentrations of COD, DIN and SRP were found in three bays, with terrestrial input being the main pollution source. Phosphorus-limiting conditions were present in the Bohai Sea. High petroleum pollutant concentrations were identified in port areas, offshore oilfields, and adjacent areas. The pH was above the global oceanic average and there were no signs of acidification. The contribution of the mixed terrestrial inputs, maritime transportation, and offshore oil exploitation sources, oceanic and associated biotic sources, and seawater-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric deposition sources to water quality were 63.4 %, 8.0 %, and 28.6 %, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jianling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang W, Li Q, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhan H, Yu X, Zheng Y, Xiao T, Zhou LW. Biodegradation of Benzo[a]pyrene by a White-Rot Fungus Phlebia acerina: Surfactant-Enhanced Degradation and Possible Genes Involved. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:978. [PMID: 37888234 PMCID: PMC10607704 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent environmental pollutants that pose a threat to human health. Among these PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a five-ring compound, exhibits high resistance to biodegradation. White-rot fungus Phlebia acerina S-LWZ20190614-6 has demonstrated higher BaP degradation capabilities compared with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and P. sordida YK-624, achieving a degradation rate of 57.7% after 32 days of incubation under a ligninolytic condition. To further enhance the biodegradation rate, three nonionic surfactants were used, and the addition of 1 or 2 g·L-1 of polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether (Brij 30) resulted in nearly complete BaP biodegradation by P. acerina S-LWZ20190614-6. Interestingly, Brij 30 did not significantly affect the activity of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase, but it did decrease laccase activity. Furthermore, the impact of cytochrome P450 on BaP degradation by P. acerina S-LWZ20190614-6 was found to be relatively mild. Transcriptomic analysis provided insights into the degradation mechanism of BaP, revealing the involvement of genes related to energy production and the synthesis of active enzymes crucial for BaP degradation. The addition of Brij 30 significantly upregulated various transferase and binding protein genes in P. acerina S-LWZ20190614-6. Hence, the bioremediation potential of BaP by the white-rot fungus P. acerina S-LWZ20190614-6 holds promise and warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tian J, Lu Z, Sanganyado E, Wang Z, Du J, Gao X, Gan Z, Wu J. Trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine mammals based on isotopic determination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162531. [PMID: 36870512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tissue distribution (liver, kidney, heart, lung, and muscle), source, and trophic transfer of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied on 14 stranded East Asian finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri), 14 spotted seals (Phoca largha), and 9 stranded minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from Yellow Sea and Liaodong Bay. The PAHs levels ranged from below the limit of detection to 459.22 ng g-1 dry weight in the tissues of the three marine mammals, and light molecular weight PAHs were the primary pollutants. Although the PAHs levels were relatively higher in internal organs of the three marine mammals, generally no tissue-specific distribution of the PAHs congeners was found, either for gender-specific distribution of PAHs in the East Asian finless porpoises. However, species specific PAHs concentration distribution were obtained. The PAHs were mainly originated from petroleum and biomass combustion in the East Asian finless porpoises, while those for the spotted seals and minke whales were complex. Trophic level associated biomagnification was found for phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in the minke whale. Benzo(b)fluoranthene exhibited a significant biodilution with increasing trophic levels in the spotted seals, but the total concentration of the PAHs showed a significant biomagnification with increasing trophic levels. Trophic level-associated biomagnification of acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and ∑PAHs were found in the East Asian finless porpoise, while pyrene exhibited obvious biodilution with increasing trophic levels. Our current study filled knowledge gaps on tissue distribution and trophic transfer of the PAHs in the investigated three marine mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashen Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhichuang Lu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zhen Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jing Du
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xianggang Gao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210000, China.
| |
Collapse
|