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Torino F, Bonmassar E, Bonmassar L, De Vecchis L, Barnabei A, Zuppi C, Capoluongo E, Aquino A. Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:759-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Solmi R, Ugolini G, Rosati G, Zanotti S, Lauriola M, Montroni I, del Governatore M, Caira A, Taffurelli M, Santini D, Coppola D, Guidotti L, Carinci P, Strippoli P. Microarray-based identification and RT-PCR test screening for epithelial-specific mRNAs in peripheral blood of patients with colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:250. [PMID: 17054783 PMCID: PMC1629022 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of screening for colorectal cancer using a simple blood-based assay for the detection of tumor cells disseminated in the circulation at an early stage of the disease is gaining positive feedback from several lines of research. This method seems able to reduce colorectal cancer mortality and may replace colonoscopy as the most effective means of detecting colonic lesions. METHODS In this work, we present a new microarray-based high-throughput screening method to identifying candidate marker mRNAs for the early detection of epithelial cells diluted in peripheral blood cells. This method includes 1. direct comparison of different samples of colonic mucosa and of blood cells to identify consistent epithelial-specific mRNAs from among 20,000 cDNA assayed by microarray slides; 2. identification of candidate marker mRNAs by data analysis, which allowed selection of only 10 putative differentially expressed genes; 3. Selection of some of the most suitable mRNAs (TMEM69, RANBP3 and PRSS22) that were assayed in blood samples from normal subjects and patients with colon cancer as possible markers for the presence of epithelial cells in the blood, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Our present results seem to provide an indication, for the first time obtained by genome-scale screening, that a suitable and consistent colon epithelium mRNA marker may be difficult to identify. CONCLUSION The design of new approaches to identify such markers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Solmi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ugolini
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Rosati
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Zanotti
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Montroni
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco del Governatore
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonello Caira
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Taffurelli
- Department of Surgical and Anesthesiological Sciences-General Surgery, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Department of Pathology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Coppola
- "H.Lee Moffit" Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lia Guidotti
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Carinci
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Prete SP, Rossi L, Correale PP, Turriziani M, Baier S, Tamburrelli G, De Vecchis L, Bonmassar E, Aquino A. Combined effects of protein kinase inhibitors and 5-fluorouracil on CEA expression in human colon cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2005; 52:167-73. [PMID: 15967383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Staurosporine (ST), a protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), were able to increase the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human colon cancer cells. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of five PKIs, i.e. ST, 1-5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), bisindolylmaleimide-I (BIS), Genistein (GEN), and Herbimycin A (HERB) alone or in combination with 5-FU on CEA expression. C22-20, a clonal subline, derived from colon cancer HT-29 line, selected for low expression of CEA, was used in our experimental model. Among the PKIs tested, only ST, at non-toxic concentrations of 5 nM, was capable of increasing the level of CEA. The other PKIs did not modify CEA expression when used either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Flow cytometric analysis showed that treatment of cells with 5-FU + ST resulted in a synergistic increase of CEA expression, being higher than that obtainable with both agents alone. Moreover, the increase of CEA expression occurred not only in membrane fractions but also in cytosolic compartments, as indicated by Western blot analysis. The present study suggests that ST-mediated induction of CEA expression in cancer cells is PKC independent and could be of potential clinical interest for the development of new diagnostic and/or immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pasquale Prete
- Pharmacology and Medical Oncology Section, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Aquino A, Prete SP, Balduzzi A, Fossile E, Formica V, Torino F, Bonmassar L, Di Giacomo A, Cappelletti D, Cardillo A, Graziani G. A novel method for monitoring response to chemotherapy based on the detection of circulating cancer cells: a case report. J Chemother 2002; 14:412-6. [PMID: 12420861 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2002.14.4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel method for detecting micrometastasis in the blood stream of cancer patients based on RT-PCR amplification of tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA. To increase sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR, CEA transcript was selectively up-regulated in cancer cells by exposure of peripheral blood to non-toxic concentrations of staurosporine (ST). Thereafter, polyA(+) RNA was extracted from tumor cells captured by means of magnetic beads coated with a monoclonal antibody against a common human epithelial antigen. Finally, RNA was subjected to RT-PCR analysis of CEA transcript. Using this approach, we demonstrated an ST-mediated increase in CEA transcript in blood specimens collected from a patient with metastatic colon cancer before receiving treatment with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. After a few cycles of chemotherapy, CEA-positive tumor cells were no longer detected. Clinical follow-up of this patient indicated that treatment with chemotherapy induced a dramatic reduction in liver metastasis. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that lack of CEA transcript detection might be consistent with disappearance or at least marked reduction of circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aquino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
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