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Deng M, Guo J, Ling Z, Zhang C, He L, Fan Z, Cheng B, Xia J. KRAS mutations upregulate Runx1 to promote occurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1284-1294. [PMID: 37222390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene mutations play an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by not only promoting the occurrence and progression of HNSCC but also affecting sensitivity to treatment and prognosis. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, which has been reported to have a mutation rate from 1.7% to 12.7% and may lead to poor prognosis in HNSCC, but its role remains unclear. Here, we found that the KRAS mutation can promote HNSCC generation through synergism with 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide(4NQO). Mechanistically, KRAS mutations can significantly upregulate Runx1 to promote oral epithelial cell proliferation and migration and inhibit apoptosis. Runx1 inhibitor Ro 5-3335 can effectively inhibit KRAS-mutated HNSCC progression both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that the KRAS mutation plays an important role in HNSCC and that Runx1 may be a novel therapeutic target for KRAS-mutated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zihang Ling
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihong He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Kawaharada M, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, AbÉ T, Chan NN, Kitano T, Kobayashi T, Maeda T, Tanuma JI. Novel cytological model for the identification of early oral cancer diagnostic markers: The carcinoma sequence model. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:76. [PMID: 35111245 PMCID: PMC8771650 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) arise from a premalignant lesion, oral epithelial dysplasia; however, useful markers for the early detection of OSCC are lacking. The present study aimed to establish a novel experimental model to observe changes in the sequential expression patterns of mRNAs and proteins in a rat model of tongue cancer using liquid-based cytology techniques. Cytology specimens were collected at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 21 weeks from rats treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide to induce tongue cancer. The expression of candidate biomarkers was examined by performing immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The percentage of positively stained nuclei was calculated as the labeling index (LI). All rats developed OSCC of the tongue at 21 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of bromodomain protein 4 (Brd4), c-Myc and Tp53 were upregulated during the progression from negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Brd4- and c-Myc-LI increased in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and SCC specimens. p53-LI was significantly increased in SCC specimens. This novel experimental model allowed the observation of sequential morphological changes and the expression patterns of mRNAs and proteins during carcinogenesis. Combining immunocytochemistry with cytology-based diagnoses may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kawaharada
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya AbÉ
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Nyein Nyein Chan
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Taiichi Kitano
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kobayashi
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Farah CS, Shearston K, Nguyen AP, Kujan O. Oral Carcinogenesis and Malignant Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2931-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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SUWA HIROHIKO, HIRANO MASATO, KAWARADA KOUJI, NAGAYAMA MOTOHIKO, EHARA MICHIKO, MURAKI TOMONARI, SHISA HAYASE, SUGIYAMA AIKO, SUGIMOTO MASAHIRO, HIAI HIROSHI, KITANO MOTOO, TANUMA JUNICHI. Pthlh, a promising cancer modifier gene in rat tongue carcinogenesis. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:3-12. [PMID: 24253735 PMCID: PMC3868494 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibly to the induction of rat tongue cancer (TC) by oral 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) exposure is a polygenic trait. Among several quantitative trait loci identified by crosses between TC-susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) rats and TC-resistant Wistar-Furth (WF) rats, we focused on tongue cancer susceptibility locus (Tcas3) of chromosome 4. We examined tongue carcinogenesis in the reciprocal congenic strains DA.WF-Tcas3 and WF.DA-Tcas3 and in their parental strains. The Tcas3DA allele, and not the Tcas3WF allele, significantly favored tumor latency, incidence and TC number/size. In genomic DNA of TCs induced in (DA x WF) F1 rats, the resistant Tcas3WF allele was frequently and selectively lost, particularly in larger tumors. Thus, we searched the possible candidate genes in the Tcas3 region using microarray analysis of TCs in F1 rats and revealed significant upregulation of 2 cancer-related genes, parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) and Kras2. The relevance of the WF allele of Pthlh as a cancer modifier was indicated by 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to this strain. In contrast, no consistent strain-specific variations were found in Kras2. Moreover, the plasma Ca2+ level was consistently higher in DA rats when compared to the level in WF rats bearing TCs; moreover, the Pthlh-mRNA expression level was >30-fold higher in TCs when compared to this level in the normal tongue mucosa. Immunostaining experiments showed strong PTHrP protein expression in TCs of DA rats, and the signal was intensified in larger TCs. Kras2 was also upregulated in TCs, but to a lesser degree than PTHrP. Thus, Pthlh is a promising candidate modifier gene in the development and progression of rat TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIROHIKO SUWA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - MASATO HIRANO
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - KOUJI KAWARADA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - MOTOHIKO NAGAYAMA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - MICHIKO EHARA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - TOMONARI MURAKI
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
| | - HAYASE SHISA
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Ina, Saitama, Japan
| | - AIKO SUGIYAMA
- Malignancy Control Research Laboratory, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - MASAHIRO SUGIMOTO
- Malignancy Control Research Laboratory, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - HIROSHI HIAI
- Malignancy Control Research Laboratory, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - MOTOO KITANO
- Division of Pathology, Saitama Cooperative Hospital, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - JUN-ICHI TANUMA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis and Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan
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Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the underlying genetics, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains a major health risk and one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Current standards of treatment have significantly improved long-term survival rates of patients, but second tumors and metastases still remain the most frequent cause of high mortality in SCCHN patients. A better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms of SCCHN tumorigenesis will help in developing better diagnostics and, hence, better cures. In this article we will briefly outline the current state of diagnostics and treatment and our understanding of the molecular causes of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit M Deshpande
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Hong Y, Yang L, Li C, Xia H, Rhodus NL, Cheng B. Frequent mutation ofp16CDKN2A exon 1 during rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:85-90. [PMID: 17091472 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study we explored the mutation types of p16(CDKN2A) exon 1 and the corresponding frequencies in experimental rat tongue carcinogenesis. Twenty barrier Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the control (n = 5) and experimental group (n = 15), to which 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in drinking water was administered. Two samples of normal, three samples of moderate/severe dysplasia and four samples of invasive squamous cell carcinoma lesions were selected following strict histopathological examination in double-blind manner. The PCR products of p16(CDKN2A) exon 1 amplified from these tissues were sequenced. Point mutations of p16(CDKN2A) exon 1 were found in all of the precancerous and cancerous lesions. Half of the mutations were detected on guanine (G). Twenty mutations, including a missense mutation of the start codon resulting in alternative reading frame of p16(CDKN2A) exon 1, were also identified. These preliminary results suggested that mutation of p16(CDKN2A) exon 1 might be an early molecular event of rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO and G was the mutation hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hong
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ogawa K, Tanuma JI, Hirano M, Hirayama Y, Semba I, Shisa H, Kitano M. Selective loss of resistant alleles at p15INK4B and p16INK4A genes in chemically-induced rat tongue cancers. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:710-7. [PMID: 16527513 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that susceptibility to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue cancer in Dark-Agouti (DA) and Wistar/Furth (WF) rats was determined by a number of quantitative trait loci. In this article, we further scrutinized one of the quantitative trait loci at a suggestive level on rat chromosome 5. Analyzing a DNA panel of 130 (DAxWF) F2 rats treated with 4NQO showed a quantitative trait loci, containing p15INK4B and p16INK4A. To study the possible relevance of these genes in the development of tongue cancer, we examined 45 4NQO-induced tongue cancers in 100 (DAxWF) F1 rats for loss of heterozygosity. The incidence of loss of heterozygosity at p15INK4B and p16INK4A genes in large advanced tongue cancers was 37.8% and 40.0%, respectively, and the WF allele was selectively lost. Accumulation of loss of heterozygosity and methylation of the promoter regions in the tumour suppressor genes in advanced tumours suggests that they may play a role in tongue cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Kanojia D, Vaidya MM. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced experimental oral carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:655-67. [PMID: 16448841 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human oral cancer is the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide and single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent. Seventy percent of premalignant cancers appear from premalignant lesions. Only 8-10% of these lesions finally turn into malignancy. The appearance of these premalignant lesions is one distinct feature of human oral cancer. At present there is dearth of biomarkers to identify which of these lesions will turn into malignancy. Regional lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrence are the major factors responsible for the limited survival of patients with oral cancer. Paucity of early diagnostic and prognostic markers is one of the contributory factors for higher mortality rates. Cancer is a multistep process and because of constrain in availability of human tissues from multiple stages of oral carcinogenesis including normal tissues, animal models are being widely used, aiming for the development of diagnostic and prognostic markers. A number of chemical carcinogens like coal tar, 20 methyl cholanthrene (20MC), 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) have been used in experimental oral carcinogenesis. However, 4NQO is the preferred carcinogen apart from DMBA in the development of experimental oral carcinogenesis. 4NQO is a water soluble carcinogen, which induces tumors predominantly in the oral cavity. It produces all the stages of oral carcinogenesis and several lines of evidences suggest that similar histological as well as molecular changes are observed in the human system. In the present review an attempt has been made to collate the information available on mechanisms of action of 4NQO, studies carried out for the development of biomarkers and chemopreventives agents using 4NQO animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kanojia
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410 208, India
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Tanuma JI, Hirano M, Hirayama Y, Semba I, Ogawa K, Shisa H, Hiai H, Kitano M. Genetic predisposition to 4NQO-induced tongue carcinogenesis in the rat. Med Princ Pract 2005; 14:297-305. [PMID: 16103694 DOI: 10.1159/000086926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the genetic basis of predisposition to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue cancers (TCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We have reported that inbred Dark-Agouti (DA) strain rats were highly susceptible to 4NQO-induced TCs, whereas Wistar/Furth (WF) rats were resistant to tongue squamous cell carcinomas induced by oral administration of 4NQO. Using size and number of the tumours as quantitative parameters, responsible host loci were analysed by an interval mapping of F2 intercross of DA and WF given carcinogenic regimen. Also, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at these loci was analysed in tongue cancers in (DA x WF) F1. RESULTS We identified and mapped 5 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), the Tongue squamous cell carcinoma 1-5 (Tscc1-5), and several other suggestive QTL that determine susceptibility to 4NQO-induced TC. Study of TCs induced in (DA x WF)F1 rats revealed a high frequency of LOH in the chromosomal regions of Tscc2, 3, and 4 and also of suggestive QTL on chromosomes 5 and 6. The fact that LOH was found only in larger TCs indicates that LOH occurred in the process of tumour progression. In most LOH, the allele of the resistant WF strain was lost, suggesting that these loci may encode tumour suppressor genes. In larger TCs, in addition to LOH, point mutations and the methylation of possible candidate genes were accumulated. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that the 4NQO-induced TC in the rat is a multifactorial disease of a polygenic trait. This model will be useful to understand the complicated genetic basis of predisposition to oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Vered M, Yarom N, Dayan D. 4NQO oral carcinogenesis: animal models, molecular markers and future expectations. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:337-9. [PMID: 15792604 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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