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Asahi Y, Xu C, Okuno K, Taketomi A, Goel A. The anticancer effects of Aronia berry extract are mediated by Chk1 and p53 in colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156086. [PMID: 39326133 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia berry extracts (ABE) have recently been reported to possess significant anti-cancer effects in various malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC), due to their high polyphenolic content. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the anti-cancer effects of ABE in CRC remain unclear, which is important to consider when considering their use as complementary medicine approaches in cancer. METHODS We performed genome-wide transcriptomic profiling and pathway enrichment analysis to identify specific growth signaling pathways associated with ABE treatment in CRC cells. In addition, a series of systematic and comprehensive cell culture studies were performed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of ABE in SW480 and HCT116 CRC cell lines. Subsequently, these findings were validated in patient-derived 3D organoids (PDOs) models. RESULTS Transcriptomic profiling analysis identified p53 signaling as one of the key enriched pathways mediating the anti-cancer activity of ABE. Analysis of public datasets revealed that Chk1, a key regulator of p53, was one of the critical targets of ABE in CRC. Chk1 and p53 activation was shown to be downregulated with ABE treatment, leading to the induction of cell cycle arrest (p = 0.003-0.014) and enhanced DNA damage (p = 0.015-0.026). Furthermore, these findings were validated in PDOs, where the ABE treatment resulted in significantly fewer and smaller PDOs in a concentration-dependent manner (p = 0.045 - <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We firstly provide evidence for the role of the p53 signaling pathway as a mediator of the anti-cancer activity of ABE, which provides a rationale for its use as a safe and effective integrative medicine approach in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Asahi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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2
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Corno C, D’Arcy P, Bagnoli M, Paolini B, Costantino M, Carenini N, Corna E, Alberti P, Mezzanzanica D, Colombo D, Linder S, Arrighetti N, Perego P. The deubiquitinase USP8 regulates ovarian cancer cell response to cisplatin by suppressing apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1055067. [PMID: 36578788 PMCID: PMC9791127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1055067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of therapeutic approaches to improve response to platinum-based therapies is an urgent need for ovarian carcinoma. Deubiquitinases are a large family of ubiquitin proteases implicated in a variety of cellular functions and may contribute to tumor aggressive features through regulation of processes such as proliferation and cell death. Among the subfamily of ubiquitin-specific peptidases, USP8 appears to be involved in modulation of cancer cell survival by still poorly understood mechanisms. Thus, we used ovarian carcinoma cells of different histotypes, including cisplatin-resistant variants with increased survival features to evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeting of USP8 as a strategy to overcome drug resistance/modulate cisplatin response. We performed biochemical analysis of USP8 activity in pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells and found increased USP8 activity in resistant cells. Silencing of USP8 resulted in decreased activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and increased sensitivity to cisplatin in IGROV-1/Pt1 resistant cells as shown by colony forming assay. Increased cisplatin sensitivity was associated with enhanced cisplatin-induced caspase 3/7 activation and apoptosis, a phenotype also observed in cisplatin sensitive cells. Increased apoptosis was linked to FLIPL decrease and cisplatin induction of caspase 3 in IGROV-1/Pt1 cells, cisplatin-induced claspin and survivin down-regulation in IGROV-1 cells, thereby showing a decrease of anti-apoptotic proteins. Immunohistochemical staining on 65 clinical specimens from advanced stage ovarian carcinoma indicated that 40% of tumors were USP8 positive suggesting that USP8 is an independent prognostic factor for adverse outcome when considering progression free survival as a clinical end-point. Taken together, our results support that USP8 may be of diagnostic value and may provide a therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of platinum-based therapy in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Padraig D’Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Pathology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Costantino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Therapies, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, Milan, Italy
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3
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester targets ubiquitin-specific protease 8 and synergizes with cisplatin in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114900. [PMID: 34995485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) mediate the removal of ubiquitin from diverse proteins that participate in the regulation of cell survival, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and drug resistance. Previous studies have shown an association between activation of cell survival pathways and platinum-drug resistance in ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Among the strategies available to inhibit DUBs, curcumin derivatives appear promising, thus we hypothesized their use to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma preclinical models. The caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), inhibited ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), but not proteasomal DUBs in cell-free assays. When CAPE was combined with cisplatin in nine cell lines representative of various histotypes a synergistic effect was observed in TOV112D cells and in the cisplatin-resistant IGROV-1/Pt1 variant, both of endometrioid type and carrying mutant TP53. In the latter cells, persistent G1 accumulation upon combined treatment associated with p27kip1 protein levels was observed. The synergy was not dependent on apoptosis induction, and appeared to occur in cells with higher USP8 levels. In vivo antitumor activity studies supported the advantage of the combination of CAPE and cisplatin in the subcutaneous model of cisplatin-resistant IGROV-1/Pt1 ovarian carcinoma as well as CAPE activity on intraperitoneal disease. This study reveals the therapeutic potential of CAPE in cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumors as well as in tumors expressing USP8.
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4
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Valente A, Podolski-Renić A, Poetsch I, Filipović N, López Ó, Turel I, Heffeter P. Metal- and metalloid-based compounds to target and reverse cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100778. [PMID: 34403910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid compounds offer the possibility to design fine-tuned drugs to circumvent and even specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells. Based on the paramount importance of platinum drugs in the clinics, two main areas of drug resistance reversal strategies exist: overcoming resistance to platinum drugs as well as multidrug resistance based on ABC efflux pumps. The current review provides an overview of both aspects of drug design and discusses the open questions in the field. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Altered expression of proteins involved in metal uptake, efflux or intracellular distribution, 2) Enhanced drug efflux via ABC transporters, 3) Altered metabolism in drug-resistant cancer cells, 4) Altered thiol or redox homeostasis, 5) Altered DNA damage recognition and enhanced DNA damage repair, 6) Impaired induction of apoptosis and 7) Altered interaction with the immune system. This review represents the first collection of metal (including platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and copper) and metalloid drugs (e.g. arsenic and selenium) which demonstrated drug resistance reversal activity. A special focus is on compounds characterized by collateral sensitivity of ABC transporter-overexpressing cancer cells. Through this approach, we wish to draw the attention to open research questions in the field. Future investigations are warranted to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds which target specific modalities of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Chang HR, Jung E, Cho S, Jeon YJ, Kim Y. Targeting Non-Oncogene Addiction for Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:129. [PMID: 33498235 PMCID: PMC7909239 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and technological advances have been useful in identifying genetic profiles of tumorigenesis, novel target proteins and various clinical biomarkers, cancer continues to be a major global health threat. DNA replication, DNA damage response (DDR) and repair, and cell cycle regulation continue to be essential systems in targeted cancer therapies. Although many genes involved in DDR are known to be tumor suppressor genes, cancer cells are often dependent and addicted to these genes, making them excellent therapeutic targets. In this review, genes implicated in DNA replication, DDR, DNA repair, cell cycle regulation are discussed with reference to peptide or small molecule inhibitors which may prove therapeutic in cancer patients. Additionally, the potential of utilizing novel synthetic lethal genes in these pathways is examined, providing possible new targets for future therapeutics. Specifically, we evaluate the potential of TONSL as a novel gene for targeted therapy. Although it is a scaffold protein with no known enzymatic activity, the strategy used for developing PCNA inhibitors can also be utilized to target TONSL. This review summarizes current knowledge on non-oncogene addiction, and the utilization of synthetic lethality for developing novel inhibitors targeting non-oncogenic addiction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryung Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Eunyoung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Soobin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (E.J.); (S.C.)
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6
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Neizer-Ashun F, Bhattacharya R. Reality CHEK: Understanding the biology and clinical potential of CHK1. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:202-211. [PMID: 32991949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response enables cells to cope with various stresses that threaten genomic integrity. A critical component of this response is the serine/threonine kinase CHK1 which is encoded by the CHEK1 gene. Originally identified as a regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, CHK1 has since been shown to play important roles in DNA replication, mitotic progression, DNA repair, and overall cell cycle regulation. However, the potential of CHK1 as a cancer therapy has not been realized clinically. Herein we expound our current understanding of the principal roles of CHK1 and highlight different avenues for CHK1 targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiifi Neizer-Ashun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States.
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7
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Efficacy of a Selective Binder of α Vβ 3 Integrin Linked to the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib in Ovarian Carcinoma Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040531. [PMID: 31013908 PMCID: PMC6521192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal gynecological cancer, is characterized by late diagnosis, with drug resistance limiting the efficacy of platinum-based therapy. Since some integrins are upregulated in cancer, including ovarian carcinoma, they represent a potential target for drug delivery. Receptor tyrosine kinases are also deregulated in cancer and their expression has been associated with drug resistance. Here, the antitumor effects of three conjugates possessing a selective binder of the extracellular portion of integrin αVβ3 covalently linked to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib were investigated in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian carcinoma cells expressing both tyrosine kinase VEGFR2 and αVβ3 at different levels. We found that one of the three compounds was active in inhibiting the growth of both drug-sensitive and -resistant cells in the micromolar range with a slightly increased potency in resistant cells as compared to sunitinib. The same compound markedly impaired cell migratory and invasive abilities and reduced paxillin phosphorylation. Antitumor activity studies in IGROV-1/Pt1 cells xenografted in nude mice revealed a striking activity of this conjugate versus sunitinib. Taken together, our results support the interest of integrin-targeted sunitinib conjugates for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors.
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8
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Corno C, Gatti L, Arrighetti N, Carenini N, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C, Perego P. Axl molecular targeting counteracts aggressiveness but not platinum-resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:40-50. [PMID: 28404378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma, the most common gynaecological cancer, is characterized by high lethality mainly due to late diagnosis and treatment failure. The efficacy of platinum drug-based therapy in the disease is limited by the occurrence of drug resistance, a phenomenon often associated with increased metastatic potential. Because the Tyr-kinase receptor Axl can be deregulated in ovarian carcinoma and plays a pro-metastatic/anti-apoptotic role, the aim of this study was to examine if Axl inhibition modulates drug resistance and aggressive features of ovarian carcinoma cells, using various pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. We found that mRNA and protein levels of Axl were increased in the platinum-resistant IGROV-1/Pt1 and IGROV-1/OHP cell lines compared to the parental IGROV-1 cells. IGROV-1/Pt1 cells displayed increased migratory and invasive capabilities. When Axl was silenced, these cells exhibited reduced growth and invasive/migratory capabilities compared to control siRNA-transfected cells, associated with decreased p38 and STAT3 phosphorylation. In keeping with this evidence, pharmacological inhibition of p38 and STAT3 decreased IGROV-1/Pt1 invasive capability. Molecular inhibition of Axl did not sensitize IGROV-1/Pt1 cells to cisplatin, but enhanced ErbB3 activation in IGROV-1/Pt1 cells and suppressed the clonogenic capability of various ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The combination of cisplatin and AZD8931, a small molecule which inhibits ErbB3, produced a synergistic effect in IGROV-1/Pt1 cells. Thus, Axl targeting per se reduces invasive capability of drug-resistant cells, but sensitization to cisplatin requires the concomitant inhibition of additional survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Gatti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, via Venezian1/via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Kim KS, Choi KJ, Bae S. A novel Chk1-binding peptide that enhances genotoxic sensitivity through the cellular redistribution of nuclear Chk1. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1490-1498. [PMID: 28025997 PMCID: PMC5065296 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is an essential factor for cell viability following DNA damage, the inhibition of Chk1 has been a major focus of pharmaceutical development to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy that damage DNA. However, due to the off-target effects of conventional Chk1-targeting strategies and the toxicity of Chk1 inhibitors, alternative strategies are required to target Chk1. To facilitate such efforts, in this study, we identified a specific Chk1-binding 12-mer peptide from the screening of a phage display library and characterized the peptide in terms of cellular cytotoxicity, and in terms of its effect on Chk1 activity and sensitivity to genotoxic agents. This peptide, named N-terminal Chk1-binding peptide (Chk1‑NP), bound the kinase domain of Chk1. Simulation of the binding revealed that the very N-terminus of the Chk1 kinase domain is the potential peptide binding site. Of note, the polyarginine-mediated internalization of Chk1‑NP redistributed nuclear Chk1 with a prominent decrease in the nucleus in the absence of DNA damage. Treatment with Chk1‑NP peptide alone decreased the viability of p53-defective HeLa cells, but not that of p53-functional NCI-H460 cells under normal conditions. The treatment of HeLa or NCI-H460 cells with the peptide significantly enhanced radiation sensitivity following ionizing radiation (IR) with a greater enhancement observed in HeLa cells. Moreover, the IR-induced destabilization of Chk1 was aggravated by treatment with Chk1‑NP. Therefore, the decreased nuclear localization and protein levels of Chk1 seem to be responsible for the enhanced cancer cell killing following combined treatment with IR and Chk1‑NP. The approach using the specific Chk1-binding peptide may facilitate the mechanistic understanding and potential modulation of Chk1 activities and may provide a novel rationale for the development of specific Chk1-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Choi
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Bae
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
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10
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Liu M, Qi Z, Liu B, Ren Y, Li H, Yang G, Zhang Q. RY-2f, an isoflavone analog, overcomes cisplatin resistance to inhibit ovarian tumorigenesis via targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25281-94. [PMID: 26325371 PMCID: PMC4694831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death in gynecologic malignancies partially because of resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, we show that RY-2f, a chemically synthesized isoflavone analog, inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle in G2/M phase and induced cellular apoptosis through up-regulation of p21, cyclin B1, Bax, Bad and cleaved-PARP, and suppression of cyclin A, CDK2 and Bcl-2. We also show that RY-2f could increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin as tested by cell proliferation and colony formation assays, indicating a synergistic effect of RY-2f and cisplatin. Mechanistic study revealed that RY-2f exerted the anti-tumor activities mainly through suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Finally, in vivo studies showed that RY-2f blocked the A2780-induced xenograft tumor growth without detectable toxicity in the animals at the therapeutic doses, and whereas RY-2f re-sensitized the cisplatin resistant cell line A2780/CDDP induced xenograft tumor to cisplatin treatment. Thus, RY-2f may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Jia J, Wang Z, Cai J, Zhang Y. PMS2 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer is posttranslationally regulated by Akt and essential for platinum-induced apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3059-69. [PMID: 26423401 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies, mainly due to the advanced stage at diagnosis and development of cisplatin resistance. The sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin is frequently affected by defect in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), which repairs mispaired DNA sequences and regulates DNA-damage-induced apoptosis. However, the role of postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2), a member of MMR protein family, in cisplatin resistance remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated the frequent deficiency of PMS2 and phosphorylation of Akt in EOC cell lines and tissues. Results of complex immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and protein stability assay indicated that activated Akt could directly bind to PMS2 and cause degradation of PMS2 in EOC cells. In addition, functional experiments revealed that PMS2 was required for cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. These findings provide a novel insight into molecular mechanisms linking MMR with chemoresistance and suggest that stabilization of PMS2 expression may be useful in overcoming the cisplatin resistance in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Peterson EJ, Menon VR, Gatti L, Kipping R, Dewasinghe D, Perego P, Povirk LF, Farrell NP. Nucleolar targeting by platinum: p53-independent apoptosis follows rRNA inhibition, cell-cycle arrest, and DNA compaction. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:287-97. [PMID: 25407898 PMCID: PMC4334294 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
![]()
TriplatinNC
is a highly positively charged, substitution-inert
derivative of the phase II clinical anticancer drug, BBR3464. Such
substitution-inert complexes form a distinct subset of polynuclear
platinum complexes (PPCs) interacting with DNA and other biomolecules
through noncovalent interactions. Rapid cellular entry is facilitated
via interaction with cell surface glycosoaminoglycans and is a mechanism
unique to PPCs. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS)
showed rapid distribution within cytoplasmic and nucleolar compartments,
but not the nucleus. In this article, the downstream effects of nucleolar
localization are described. In human colon carcinoma cells, HCT116,
the production rate of 47S rRNA precursor transcripts was dramatically
reduced as an early event after drug treatment. Transcriptional inhibition
of rRNA was followed by a robust G1 arrest, and activation
of apoptotic proteins caspase-8, -9, and -3 and PARP-1 in a p53-independent
manner. Using cell synchronization and flow cytometry, it was determined
that cells treated while in G1 arrest immediately, but
cells treated in S or G2 successfully complete mitosis.
Twenty-four hours after treatment, the majority of cells finally arrest
in G1, but nearly one-third contained highly compacted
DNA; a distinct biological feature that cannot be associated with
mitosis, senescence, or apoptosis. This unique effect mirrored the
efficient condensation of tRNA and DNA in cell-free systems. The combination
of DNA compaction and apoptosis by TriplatinNC treatment conferred
striking activity in platinum-resistant and/or p53 mutant or null
cell lines. Taken together, our results support that the biological
activity of TriplatinNC reflects reduced metabolic deactivation (substitution-inert
compound not reactive to sulfur nucleophiles), high cellular accumulation,
and novel consequences of high-affinity noncovalent DNA binding, producing
a new profile and a further shift in the structure–activity
paradigms for antitumor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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13
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Akasaka T, Tsujii M, Kondo J, Hayashi Y, Ying J, Lu Y, Kato M, Yamada T, Yamamoto S, Inoue T, Tsujii Y, Maekawa A, Fujinaga T, Shiraishi E, Hiyama S, Inoue T, Shinzaki S, Watabe K, Nishida T, Iijima H, Takehara T. 5‑FU resistance abrogates the amplified cytotoxic effects induced by inhibiting checkpoint kinase 1 in p53‑mutated colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:63-70. [PMID: 25310623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of chemoresistance is a major limitation of current cancer therapies, and checkpoint kinase (Chk1) 1 positively correlates with resistance to chemo‑ or radio‑therapy. Cancer cells lacking p53 pathways are completely dependent on the S and G2/M checkpoints via Chk1; therefore, Chk1 inhibition enhances the cytotoxicity of DNA‑damaging agents only in p53‑deficient cells. However, little is known about the synergistic effect of Chk1 inhibition with 5‑FU, the most frequently used antimetabolite, in chemoresistant colorectal cells. In this study, we found that 5‑FU induced S‑phase arrest only in p53‑deficient colorectal cancer cells. 5‑FU treatment induced DNA damage and activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Chk1, leading to S‑phase arrest, and Chk1 inhibition using SB218078 reduced S‑phase arrest and increased apoptosis in the presence of 5‑FU. In contrast, in p53‑deficient, 5‑FU‑resistant (5FUR) colon cancer cells that we developed, 5‑FU enhanced DNA damage but did not induce Chk1/ATM activation or cell cycle arrest. SB218078 in combination with 5‑FU did not induce apoptosis. These results indicate that 5‑FU‑resistance abrogated the anticancer effect amplified by Chk1 inhibition, even in p53‑deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Akasaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Jin Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yuquan Lu
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo 152‑8902, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540‑0006, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka 591‑8025, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‑8565, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
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14
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Lum CT, Wai-Yin Sun R, Zou T, Che CM. Gold(iii) complexes inhibit growth of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in association with upregulation of proapoptotic PMS2 gene. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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15
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Okada T, Murata K, Hirose R, Matsuda C, Komatsu T, Ikekita M, Nakawatari M, Nakayama F, Wakatsuki M, Ohno T, Kato S, Imai T, Imamura T. Upregulated expression of FGF13/FHF2 mediates resistance to platinum drugs in cervical cancer cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2899. [PMID: 24113164 PMCID: PMC3795355 DOI: 10.1038/srep02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often develop drug resistance. In cisplatin-resistant HeLa cisR cells, fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13/FHF2) gene and protein expression was strongly upregulated, and intracellular platinum concentrations were kept low. When the FGF13 expression was suppressed, both the cells' resistance to platinum drugs and their ability to keep intracellular platinum low were abolished. Overexpression of FGF13 in parent cells led to greater resistance to cisplatin and reductions in the intracellular platinum concentration. These cisplatin-resistant cells also showed increased resistance to copper. In preoperative cervical cancer biopsy samples from poor prognoses patients after cisplatin chemoradiotherapy, FGF13-positive cells were detected more abundantly than in the biopsy samples from patients with good prognoses. These results suggest that FGF13 plays a pivotal role in mediating resistance to platinum drugs, possibly via a mechanism shared by platinum and copper. Our results point to FGF13 as a novel target and useful prognostic guide for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okada
- Signaling Molecules Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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16
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Im-aram A, Farrand L, Bae SM, Song G, Song YS, Han JY, Tsang BK. The mTORC2 component rictor contributes to cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75455. [PMID: 24086535 PMCID: PMC3781115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin-based therapy is a major cause of treatment failure in human ovarian cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance will offer new insights for novel therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease. Akt and p53 are determinants of cisplatin sensitivity. Rictor is a component of mTOR protein kinase complex 2, which is required for Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) and full activation. However, the precise role of rictor and the relationship between rictor and p53 in cisplatin resistance remains poorly understood. Here, using sensitive wild-type p53 (OV2008 and A2780s), resistant wild-type p53 (C13* and OVCAR433), and p53 compromised (A2780cp, OCC1, and SKOV-3) ovarian cancer cells, we have demonstrated that (i) rictor is a determinant of cisplatin resistance in chemosensitive human ovarian cancer cells; (ii) cisplatin down-regulates rictor content by caspase-3 cleavage and proteasomal degradation; (iii) rictor down-regulation sensitizes chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner; (iv) rictor suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis and confers resistance by activating and stabilizing Akt. These findings extend current knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of cisplatin resistance and provide a rationale basis for rictor as a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akechai Im-aram
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Farrand
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Bae
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and the Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Zhang Y, Hunter T. Roles of Chk1 in cell biology and cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1013-23. [PMID: 23613359 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle checkpoints preserve genome integrity. Central to these genome surveillance pathways is a protein kinase, Chk1. DNA damage induces activation of Chk1, which then transduces the checkpoint signal and facilitates cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair. Significant progress has been made recently toward our understanding of Chk1 regulation and its implications in cancer etiology and therapy. Specifically, a model that involves both spatiotemporal and conformational changes of proteins has been proposed for Chk1 activation. Further, emerging evidence suggests that Chk1 does not appear to be a tumor suppressor; instead, it promotes tumor growth and may contribute to anticancer therapy resistance. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that activating, but not inhibiting, Chk1 in the absence of chemotherapy might represent an innovative approach to suppress tumor growth. These findings suggest unique regulation of Chk1 in cell biology and cancer etiology, pointing to novel strategies for targeting Chk1 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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18
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Kjellström J, Oredsson SM, Wennerberg J. Increased toxicity of a trinuclear Pt-compound in a human squamous carcinoma cell line by polyamine depletion. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:20. [PMID: 22640800 PMCID: PMC3487936 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononuclear platinum anticancer agents hold a pivotal place in the treatment of many forms of cancers, however, there is a potential to improve response to evade resistance development and toxic side effects. BBR3464 is a promising trinuclear platinum anticancer agent, which is a polyamine mimic. The aim was to investigate the influence of polyamine pool reduction on the cytotoxic effects of the trinuclear platinum complex BBR3464 and cisplatin. Polyamine pool reduction was achieved by treating cells with either the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) or the polyamine analogue N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM). METHODS A human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, LU-HNSCC-4, established from a primary head and neck tumour was used to evaluate cellular effects of each drug alone or combinations thereof. High-performance liquid-chromatography was used to quantify intracellular polyamine contents. Inductively coupled mass spectroscopy was used to quantify intracellular platinum uptake. Cells were exposed to DFMO or DENSPM during 48 h at concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 mM or 0 to 10 μM, respectively. Thereafter, non-treated and treated cells were exposed to cisplatin or BBR3464 during 1 h at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μM. A 96-well assay was used to determine cytotoxicity after five days after treatment. RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of BBR3464 on LU-HNSCC-4 cells was increased after cells were pre-treated with DENSPM or DFMO, and the interaction was found to be synergistic. In contrast, the interaction between cisplatin and DFMO or DENSPM was near-additive to antagonistic. The intracellular levels of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine were decreased after treatment with DFMO, and treatment with DENSPM resulted in an increase in putrescine level and concomitant decrease in spermidine and spermine levels. The uptake of BBR3464 was significantly increased after pre-treatment of the cells with DFMO, and varied dependent on the concentration of DENSPM. The uptake of cisplatin was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that combinations of polyamine synthesis inhibitors with BBR3464 appear to be a promising approach to enhance the anticancer activity against HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Kjellström
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Martinez-Rivera M, Siddik ZH. Resistance and gain-of-resistance phenotypes in cancers harboring wild-type p53. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:1049-62. [PMID: 22227014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the bedrock for the clinical management of cancer, and the tumor suppressor p53 has a central role in this therapeutic modality. This protein facilitates favorable antitumor drug response through a variety of key cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. These functions essentially cease once p53 becomes mutated, as occurs in ∼50% of cancers, and some p53 mutants even exhibit gain-of-function effects, which lead to greater drug resistance. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that resistance is also seen in cancers harboring wild-type p53. In this review, we discuss how wild-type p53 is inactivated to render cells resistant to antitumor drugs. This may occur through various mechanisms, including an increase in proteasomal degradation, defects in post-translational modification, and downstream defects in p53 target genes. We also consider evidence that the resistance seen in wild-type p53 cancers can be substantially greater than that seen in mutant p53 cancers, and this poses a far greater challenge for efforts to design strategies that increase drug response in resistant cancers already primed with wild-type p53. Because the mechanisms contributing to this wild-type p53 "gain-of-resistance" phenotype are largely unknown, a concerted research effort is needed to identify the underlying basis for the occurrence of this phenotype and, in parallel, to explore the possibility that the phenotype may be a product of wild-type p53 gain-of-function effects. Such studies are essential to lay the foundation for a rational therapeutic approach in the treatment of resistant wild-type p53 cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Martinez-Rivera
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, United States
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20
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The oncogenic phosphatase PPM1D confers cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma cells by attenuating checkpoint kinase 1 and p53 activation. Oncogene 2011; 31:2175-86. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Merry C, Fu K, Wang J, Yeh IJ, Zhang Y. Targeting the checkpoint kinase Chk1 in cancer therapy. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:279-83. [PMID: 20023404 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.2.10445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A paramount objective of the eukaryotic cell division cycle is to overcome numerous internal and external insults to faithfully duplicate the genetic information once per every cycle. This is carried out by elaborate networks of genome surveillance signaling pathways, termed replication checkpoints. Central to replication checkpoints are two protein kinases, the upstream kinase ATR, and its downstream target kinase, Chk1. When the DNA replication process is interrupted, the ATR-Chk1 pathway transmits signals to delay cell cycle progression, and to maintain fork viability so that DNA duplication can resume after the initial damage is corrected. Previous studies showed that replicative stress not only activated Chk1, but also triggered the ubiquitin-dependent destruction of Chk1 in cultured human cells. In a recent study, we identified the F-box protein, Fbx6, as the mediator that regulates Chk1 ubiquitination and degradation in both normally cycling cells and during replication stress. We further showed that expression levels of Chk1 and Fbx6 exhibited an overall inverse correlation in both cultured cancer cell lines and in breast tumor tissues, and that defects in Chk1 degradation, for instance, due to reduced expression of Fbx6, rendered tumor cells resistant to anticancer treatment. Here we highlight those findings and their implications in the replication checkpoint and cellular sensitivity to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Merry
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Gatti L, Perego P, Leone R, Apostoli P, Carenini N, Corna E, Allievi C, Bastrup U, De Munari S, Di Giovine S, Nicoli P, Grugni M, Natangelo M, Pardi G, Pezzoni G, Singer JW, Zunino F. Novel Bis-platinum Complexes Endowed with an Improved Pharmacological Profile. Mol Pharm 2009; 7:207-16. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Leone
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Apostoli
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Allievi
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulla Bastrup
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio De Munari
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Giovine
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Grugni
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Natangelo
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pardi
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pezzoni
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack W. Singer
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Preclinical Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy, and Cell Therapeutics Inc., via Ariosto 23, Bresso, Milan, Italy
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23
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Zhang YW, Brognard J, Coughlin C, You Z, Dolled-Filhart M, Aslanian A, Manning G, Abraham RT, Hunter T. The F box protein Fbx6 regulates Chk1 stability and cellular sensitivity to replication stress. Mol Cell 2009; 35:442-53. [PMID: 19716789 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ATR and Chk1 are two key protein kinases in the replication checkpoint. Activation of ATR-Chk1 has been extensively investigated, but checkpoint termination and replication fork restart are less well understood. Here, we report that DNA damage not only activates Chk1, but also exposes a degron-like region at the carboxyl terminus of Chk1 to an Fbx6-containing SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F box) E3 ligase, which mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of Chk1 and, in turn, terminates the checkpoint. The protein levels of Chk1 and Fbx6 showed an inverse correlation in both cultured cancer cells and in human breast tumor tissues. Further, we show that low levels of Fbx6 and consequent impairment of replication stress-induced Chk1 degradation are associated with cancer cell resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, camptothecin. We propose that Fbx6-dependent Chk1 degradation contributes to S phase checkpoint termination and that a defect in this mechanism might increase tumor cell resistance to certain anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Caner Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Wood Building W343A, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Qu Y, Tran MC, Farrell NP. Structural consequences of a 3'-->3' DNA interstrand cross-link by a trinuclear platinum complex: unique formation of two such cross-links in a 10-mer duplex. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:969-77. [PMID: 19415349 PMCID: PMC2837598 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Combined multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry was used to analyze the platinated DNA adduct of the phase II anticancer drug [[trans-PtCl(NH(3))(2)](2)-mu-[trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)(NH(2)(CH(2))(6)NH(2))(2)]](NO(3))(4) (BBR3464) with [5'-d(ACG*TATACG*T)-3'](2). Two 1,2-interstrand cross-links were formed by concomitant binding of two trinuclear moieties to the oligonucleotide. The four DNA-bound platinum atoms coordinated in the major groove at N7 positions of guanines in the 3' --> 3' direction and the central platinum unit is expected to lie in the DNA minor groove. This is the first report of such a DNA lesion. The melting temperature of the adduct is 76 degrees C and is 42 degrees C higher than that of the unplatinated DNA. The sugar residues of the platinated bases are in the N-type conformation and the G9 nucleoside is in the syn orientation, while the G3 nucleoside appears to retain the anti configuration. The secondary structure of DNA was significantly changed upon cross-linking of the two BBR3464 molecules. Base destacking occurs between A1/C2 and C2/G3 and weakened stacking is seen for the C8/G9 and G9/T10 bases. The lack of Watson-Crick base pairing is also seen for A1-T10 and C2-G9 base pairs, whereas Watson-Crick base pairs in the central sequence of the DNA (T4 --> A7) are well maintained. While DNA repair proteins may "see" different platinated adducts as bulky "lesions", the subtle differences involved in base pairing and stacking, as summarized here, may extend to their role as a substrate for repair enzymes. Thus, differences in protein recognition and repair efficiency among the various interstrand cross-links are likely and a subject worthy of detailed exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Beretta GL, Gatti L, Corna E, Carenini N, Zunino F, Perego P. Defining targets of modulation of human tumor cell response to cisplatin. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:1406-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Trichostatin A up-regulates p73 and induces Bax-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1410-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Righetti SC, Perego P, Carenini N, Zunino F. Cooperation between p53 and p73 in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 263:140-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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HEFFETER P, JUNGWIRTH U, JAKUPEC M, HARTINGER C, GALANSKI M, ELBLING L, MICKSCHE M, KEPPLER B, BERGER W. Resistance against novel anticancer metal compounds: Differences and similarities. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stordal B, Pavlakis N, Davey R. A systematic review of platinum and taxane resistance from bench to clinic: An inverse relationship. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:688-703. [PMID: 17881133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a systematic review of the pre-clinical and clinical literature for studies investigating the relationship between platinum and taxane resistance. Medline was searched for (1) cell models of acquired drug resistance reporting platinum and taxane sensitivities and (2) clinical trials of platinum or taxane salvage therapy in ovarian cancer. One hundred and thirty-seven models of acquired drug resistance were identified. 68.1% of cisplatin-resistant cells were sensitive to paclitaxel and 66.7% of paclitaxel-resistant cells were sensitive to cisplatin. A similar inverse pattern was observed for cisplatin vs. docetaxel, carboplatin vs. paclitaxel and carboplatin vs. docetaxel. These associations were independent of cancer type, agents used to develop resistance and reported mechanisms of resistance. Sixty-five eligible clinical trials of paclitaxel-based salvage after platinum therapy were identified. Studies of single agent paclitaxel in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer where patients had previously recieved paclitaxel had a pooled response rate of 35.3%, n=232, compared to 22% in paclitaxel naïve patients n=1918 (p<0.01, Chi-squared). Suggesting that pre-treatment with paclitaxel may improve the response of salvage paclitaxel therapy. The response rate to paclitaxel/platinum combination regimens in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer was 79.5%, n=88 compared to 49.4%, n=85 for paclitaxel combined with other agents (p<0.001, Chi-squared), suggesting a positive interaction between taxanes and platinum. Therefore, the inverse relationship between platinum and taxanes resistance seen in cell models is mirrored in the clinical response to these agents in ovarian cancer. An understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible would be valuable in predicting response to salvage chemotherapy and may identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Stordal
- Bill Walsh Cancer Research Laboratories, Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Kabolizadeh P, Ryan J, Farrell N. Differences in the cellular response and signaling pathways of cisplatin and BBR3464 ([[trans-PtCl(NH3)(2)]2mu-(trans-Pt(NH3)(2)(H2N(CH2)(6)-NH2)2)]4+) influenced by copper homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:1270-9. [PMID: 17234160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
[[trans-PtCl(NH(3))(2)](2)mu-(trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)(H(2)N(CH(2))(6)-NH(2))(2))](4+) (BBR3464) is a cationic trinuclear platinum drug that is being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for treatment of lung and ovarian cancers. The structure and DNA binding profile of BBR3464 is different from drugs commonly used clinically. It is of great interest to evaluate the difference between the mechanisms of uptake employed by BBR3464 and cisplatin (c-DDP), as altered uptake may explain chemoresistance. Using transfected cell lines, we show that both c-DDP and BBR3464 use the copper transporter hCTR1 to enter cells and to a lesser extent, the ATP7B transporter to exit cells. Copper influenced c-DDP and BBR3464 uptake similarly; it increased the c-DDP and BBR3464 uptake in ovarian (A2780) and colorectal (HCT116) carcinoma cell lines as detected by ICP-OES. However, the effects of copper on c-DDP- and BBR3464-mediated cytotoxicity differed. Copper decreased c-DDP-induced apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activation, p53 induction and PARP cleavage in cancer cell lines. In contrast, copper increased BBR3464-induced apoptosis, and had little effect on caspase activation, PARP cleavage, and p53 induction. It was concluded that BBR3464 employs mechanisms of intracellular action distinct from c-DDP. Although these drugs use the same cellular transporters (hCTR1 and ATP7B) for influx and efflux, downstream effects are different for the two drugs. These experiments illustrate fundamental differences in the mechanisms of action between cisplatin and the novel Pt-based drug BBR3464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Kabolizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
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Pasetto LM, D'Andrea MR, Brandes AA, Rossi E, Monfardini S. The development of platinum compounds and their possible combination. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 60:59-75. [PMID: 16806960 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin plays a central role in cancer chemotherapy in spite of its toxicity. To circumvent this toxicity and to enhance its therapeutic index a lot of preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted and several thousand analogues have been synthesized. Much more analysis remains to be done, but nowadays, the absence of any definitive, biologically interpretable molecular predictor of activity is consistent with the idea that platinum compounds have multiple intracellular targets and that cells can have multiple mechanisms of resistance. This review analyses a part of these platinum compounds analyzed to date, their mechanism of action, resistance and the future trends in this sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Maria Pasetto
- Medical Oncology Division, Azienda Ospedale-Università, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Righetti SC, Perego P, Carenini N, Corna E, Dal Bo L, Cedrola S, La Porta CAM, Zunino F. Molecular alterations of cells resistant to platinum drugs: role of PKCalpha. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763:93-100. [PMID: 16473140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of resistance to platinum compounds may involve not only overexpression of defence mechanisms but also alterations in cellular response to the drug-induced genotoxic stress. To investigate the cellular bases of response to platinum compounds, we examined the profile of gene expression of ovarian carcinoma cells exhibiting sensitivity (A2780) or resistance (A2780/BBR3464) to platinum compounds. Using display PCR, we found that acquisition of resistance to the multinuclear platinum complex BBR3464 was associated with modulation of several transcripts, including up-regulation of the major substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS). This feature was associated with PKCalpha down-regulation. To explore the role of PKCalpha in cellular sensitivity to platinum compounds, resistant cells were transfected with a PKCalpha-containing vector. PKCalpha-overexpressing resistant cells exhibited a decrease in sensitivity to cisplatin, whereas no significant change in sensitivity to BBR3464 was observed. A number of approaches designed to modulate the function or expression of PKCalpha support that the isoenzyme may play a role in determining resistance only to cisplatin but not to BBR3464, which is known to activate a different pathway of cell response. In conclusion, in spite of PKCalpha down-regulation in our model, its regulatory function was not apparently implicated in the development of resistance to platinum compounds and the present results do not support a general role of PKCalpha as a determinant of the resistance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina C Righetti
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wheate NJ, Buck DP, Day AI, Collins JG. Cucurbit[n]uril binding of platinum anticancer complexes. Dalton Trans 2005:451-8. [PMID: 16395444 DOI: 10.1039/b513197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of cisplatin by cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and multinuclear platinum complexes linked via a 4,4'-dipyrazolylmethane (dpzm) ligand by Q[7] and cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) has been studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The NMR studies suggest that some cisplatin binds in the cucurbituril cavity, while cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(H2O)]+ only binds at the portals. Alternatively, the dpzm-linked multinuclear platinum complexes are quantitatively encapsulated within the cavities of both Q[7] and Q[8]. Upon encapsulation, the non-exchangeable proton resonances of the multinuclear platinum complexes show significant upfield shifts in 1H NMR spectra. The H3/H3* resonances shift upfield by 0.08 to 0.55 ppm, the H5/H5* shift by 0.9 to 1.6 ppm, while the methylene resonances shift by 0.74 to 0.88 ppm. The size of the resonance shift is dependent on the cavity size of the encapsulating cucurbituril, with Q[7] encapsulation producing larger shifts than Q[8]. The upfield shifts of the dpzm resonances observed upon cucurbituril encapsulation indicate that the Q[7] or Q[8] is positioned directly over the dpzm linking ligand. The terminal platinum groups of trans-[{PtCl(NH3)2}2 mu-dpzm]2+ (di-Pt) and trans-[trans-{PtCl(NH3)2}2-trans-{Pt(dpzm)2(NH3)2}]4+ (tri-Pt) provide a barrier to the on and off movement of cucurbituril, resulting in binding kinetics that are slow on the NMR timescale for the metal complex. Although the dpzm ligand has relatively few rotamers, encapsulation by the larger Q[8] resulted in a more compact di-Pt conformation with each platinum centre retracted further into each Q[8] portal. Encapsulation of the hydrolysed forms of di-Pt and tri-Pt is considerably slower than for the corresponding Cl forms, presumably due to the high-energy cost of passing the +2 platinum centres through the cucurbituril portals. The results of this study suggest that cucurbiturils could be suitable hosts for the pharmacological delivery of multinuclear platinum complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nial J Wheate
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Peters D, Freund J, Ochs RL. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of carboplatin response in chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1605-16. [PMID: 16227411 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described an ex vivo chemoresponse assay for determining chemosensitivity in primary cultures of human tumors. In this study, we have extended these experiments in an effort to correlate chemoresponse data with gene expression patterns at the level of transcription. Primary cultures of cells derived from ovarian carcinomas of individual patients (n=6) were characterized using the ChemoFx assay and classified as either carboplatin sensitive (n=3) or resistant (n=3). Three representative cultures of cells from each individual tumor were then subjected to Affymetrix gene chip analysis (n=18) using U95A human gene chip arrays. Data were analyzed using the dCHIP software package. We identified a significant number of genes whose expression patterns were altered between carboplatin chemosensitive and chemoresistant cells, in normal culture conditions and in the presence of carboplatin for either 2 or 72 hours. Among these differentially expressed genes, we found a significant proportion to be associated with apoptosis, cell-cell communication, cell adhesion, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. In general, the molecular phenotype displayed by chemoresistant cells was reflective of an extended life span in culture in the presence of carboplatin and the genes that define this phenotype are potential biomarkers for the prognostic management of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peters
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, The Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE United Kingdom.
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Li Y, Mao Y, Brandt-Rauf PW, Williams AC, Fine RL. Selective induction of apoptosis in mutant p53 premalignant and malignant cancer cells by PRIMA-1 through the c-Jun-NH2-kinase pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:901-9. [PMID: 15956247 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PRIMA-1 (p53 reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis) is a chemical compound that was originally identified as a selective mutant p53-dependent growth suppressor by screening a library of low-molecular-weight compounds. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we examined toxicity of PRIMA-1 to three premalignant human colorectal adenoma cell lines (RG/C2, BR/C1, and AA/C1) and four colorectal carcinoma cell lines (DLD-1, SW480, LOVO, and HCT116) and its mechanism of action. It selectively induced apoptosis only in the mutant p53 premalignant and malignant colon cell lines, but was not toxic to the wild-type p53 premalignant and malignant colon cell lines. Using stable transfectants of temperature-sensitive p53 mutant Ala(143) in null p53 H1299 lung cancer cells, we found that PRIMA-1 induced significantly more apoptosis in cells with mutant p53 conformation (37 degrees C) than the wild-type p53 conformation (32.5 degrees C). Cell cycle analysis indicated that its inhibition of cell growth was correlated with induction of G(2) arrest. Western blot analysis showed PRIMA-1 increased p21 and GADD45 expression selectively in the mutant p53 cells. However, Fas, Bcl-2 family proteins, and caspases were not involved in PRIMA-1-induced cell death. The c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP 600125, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB 203580 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD 98059, blocked PRIMA-1-induced apoptosis. Transfection with a dominant-negative phosphorylation mutant JNK, but not a dominant-negative p38 or wild-type JNK, inhibited PRIMA-1-induced cell death, suggesting that the JNK pathway plays an important role in PRIMA-1-induced apoptosis. PRIMA-1 is a highly selective small molecule toxic to p53 mutant cells and may serve as a prototype for the development of new p53-targeting agents for therapy of premalignant and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Liang XJ, Shen DW, Chen KG, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Gottesman MM. Trafficking and localization of platinum complexes in cisplatin-resistant cell lines monitored by fluorescence-labeled platinum. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202:635-41. [PMID: 15546142 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of a wide variety of malignant tumors. Resistance to cisplatin represents a major obstacle to effective cancer therapy because clinically significant levels of resistance quickly emerge after treatment. Based on previous studies indicating abnormal plasma membrane protein trafficking in cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cells, Fluorescence (Alexa Fluor)-labeled cisplatin was used to determine whether this defect altered the trafficking and localization of cisplatin by comparing drug sensitive KB-3-1 and KB-CP-r cells. Alexa Fluor-cisplatin was readily internalized and localized throughout the KB-3-1 cells, but overall fluorescence decreased in KB-CP-r cells, as detected by flow cytometry (FACS) and confocal microscopy. Only punctate cytoplasmic staining was observed in KB-CP-r cells with less fluorescence observed in the nucleus. Colocalization experiments with a Golgi-selective stain indicate the involvement of Golgi-like vesicles in initial intracellular processing of Alexa Fluor conjugated cisplatin complexes. As detected using an antibody to Alexa Fluor-cisplatin, cisplatin complex-binding proteins (CCBPs) were reduced in membrane fractions of single-step cisplatin-resistant KB-CP.5 cells, and increased in the cytoplasm of KB-CP.5 cells compared to KB-3-1 cells. CCBPs localized to lower density fractions in KB-CP.5 cells than in KB-3-1 cells as determined by iodixanol gradient centrifugation. In summary, inappropriate trafficking of CCBPs might explain resistance to cisplatin in cultured cancer cells, presumably because membrane binding proteins for cisplatin are not properly located on the cell surface in these cells, but are instead trapped in low density vesicles within the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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Liang XJ, Shen DW, Gottesman MM. A pleiotropic defect reducing drug accumulation in cisplatin-resistant cells. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:1599-606. [PMID: 15458822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2004] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of tumors to cisplatin remains a major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. Multiple, simultaneous alterations are frequently encountered in cancer cells selected for cisplatin resistance. To determine whether the complex phenotype results from many different cellular alterations, single-step variants were isolated based on one-step selection in cisplatin. Reduced drug accumulation is a common feature of cisplatin-resistant (CP-r) cancer cells, which is probably caused by one or more dominant genes. Pulse-chase labeling and pulse-chase biotinylation of cell surface proteins suggest that membrane protein mislocalization occurs in CP-r cells, caused mainly by a defect in plasma membrane protein recycling, manifested also as a defect in acidification of lysosomes. This membrane protein mislocalization is presumed to reduce cell surface expression of a putative cisplatin carrier or carriers. In cells selected in several steps, decreased expression of folate-binding protein and arsenic-binding proteins, and reduced endocytosis were detected in CP-r cells, contributing to the reduced uptake of cisplatin, methotrexate and other related compounds. Multiple mechanisms in CP-r cells keep cytotoxic platinum compounds out of cells through defective expression of cell surface proteins such as transporters and carriers, and decreased expression of proteins involved in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2108, Bethesda, MD 20892-4254, USA
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