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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Anti-cancer effect of Rumex obtusifolius in combination with arginase/nitric oxide synthase inhibitors via downregulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and polyamine synthesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 158:106396. [PMID: 36918141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, making the development of new treatment methods crucial in the fight against it. With cancer incidence rates increasing worldwide, ongoing research must focus on identifying new and effective ways to prevent and treat the disease. The combination of herbal extracts with chemotherapeutic agents has gained much interest as a novel strategy to combat cancer. Rumex obtusifolius L. is a wild plant known for its medicinal properties and is widely distributed worldwide. Our preclinical evaluations suggested that R. obtusifolius seed extracts possessed cancer-inhibiting properties and we also evaluated the beneficial effects of the arginase inhibitor NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine and nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in the treatment of breast cancer. The current study aimed to combine these observations and evaluate the antioxidant and antitumor properties of R. obtusifolius extracts alone and in combination with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Metabolic characterization of the plant extract using a liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry advanced system revealed the presence of 240 phenolic compounds many of which possess anticancer properties, according to the literature. In vitro studies revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of the R. obtusifolius extracts on the human colon (HT29) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Thus, a new treatment approach of combining R. obtusifolius bioactive phytochemicals with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and/or NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, respectively, was proposed and could potentially be an effective way to treat breast cancer. Indeed, these combinations showed immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties in a rat breast cancer model.
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3
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Avtandilyan N, Javrushyan H, Ginovyan M, Karapetyan A, Trchounian A. Anti-cancer effect of in vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:261-275. [PMID: 35963913 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is associated with different cancers such as cervical, breast, lung, brain, and spinal cord. Inhibition of NOS activity has been suggested as potential tool to prevent breast cancer. The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NOS inhibitor, using in vivo models is currently under investigation. We hypothesized that L-NAME will show an anti-tumor effect by delaying a progression of breast cancer via a modulation of cell death and proliferation, and angiogenesis. We used a novel model of anti-cancer treatment by the administration of L-NAME (30 mg/kg in a day, intraperitoneal) injected every third day for five weeks to rat model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast tumor. Concentrations of nitrite anions, polyamines, malondialdehyde, NH4+ levels, and arginase activity in the blood were decreased in DMBA + L-NAME-treated rats compared with DMBA rats. The mortality rates, tumor number, weight, and volume, as well as the histopathological grade of breast cancer were also significantly reduced. In addition, L-NAME treatment showed a delay in tumor formation, and in body weight compared with rats administrated only with DMBA. In conclusion, our data show that L-NAME is a promising anti-cancer agent to treat breast cancer, which can lead to development of anti-tumor therapeutic tools in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Avtandilyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, RA, Armenia.
| | - Hayarpi Javrushyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mikayel Ginovyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Karapetyan
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen Trchounian
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025, Yerevan, RA, Armenia
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4
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Miranda KM, Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Wink DA, Thomas DD. The Chemical Biology of NO that Regulates Oncogenic Signaling and Metabolism: NOS2 and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:27-45. [PMID: 37824385 PMCID: PMC11318306 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and the enzyme that synthesizes it, nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), have emerged as key players in inflammation and cancer. Expression of NOS2 in tumors has been correlated both with positive outcomes and with poor prognoses. The chemistry of NO is the major determinate to the biological outcome and the concentration of NO, which can range over five orders of magnitude, is critical in determining which pathways are activated. It is the activation of specific oncogenic and immunological mechanisms that shape the outcome. The kinetics of specific reactions determine the mechanisms of action. In this review, the relevant reactions of NO and related species are discussed with respect to these oncogenic and immunological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A. Ridnour
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y.S. Cheng
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David A. Wink
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Douglas D. Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Myoglobin mutant with enhanced nitrite reductase activity regulates intracellular oxidative stress in human breast cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109399. [PMID: 36116505 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins play vital roles in regulating the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels in cells. In this study, we overexpressed human wild-type (WT) myoglobin (Mb) and its double mutant, F43H/H64A Mb with enhanced nitrite reductase (NIR) activity, in the typical representative triple-negative breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that the overexpression of F43H/H64A Mb increased the level of nitric oxide (NO) and the degree of oxidative stress, and then activated Akt/MAPK mediated apoptotic cascade, whereas WT Mb showed the opposite effect. This study indicates that Mb plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the cellular redox system and could thus be a valuable target for cancer therapy.
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Immune Stimulating Outcome of Chrysin and γ-Irradiation via Apoptotic Activation Against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096668. [PMID: 35543434 PMCID: PMC9102206 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in innovative methods of cancer immunotherapy has prompted research into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of natural and synthetic substances. The goal of this study was to assess chrysin immune-stimulating and pro-apoptotic effects on tumor growth and cell susceptibility to ionizing radiation in order to improve cancer therapy. Chrysin (20 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole body exposed to 1 Gy of gamma radiation (2 fractionated dose 0.5 Gy each). Treatment with chrysin dramatically reduces tumor proliferation in EAC mice; furthermore, IFN-γ activity is significantly reduced when compared to EAC mice. When compared to EAC mice, the expression of TNF-α, free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were considerably reduced, along with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity). Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by chrysin even in the EAC mice group or the EAC + R group. What is more, exposure to gamma radiation sustained the modulatory effect of chrysin on tumor when compared with EAC + Ch mice. Hence, chrysin might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Guo J, Wei T, Huang Q, Li M, Yang C, Mou J, Shi L, Gao T, Li G. Direct acupuncture of nitric oxide by an electrochemical microsensor with high time-space resolution. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113667. [PMID: 34598107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of signal molecule is critically important for understanding living systems. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key redox signal molecule that shows diverse roles in virtually all life forms. However, probing into NO's activities is challenging as NO has restricted lifetime (<10 s) and limited diffusion distance (usually <200 μm). So, for the direct acupuncture of NO within the time-space resolution, an electrochemical microsensor has been designed and fabricated in this work. Fabrication of the microsensor is achieved by (1) selective assembly of an electrocatalytic transducer, (2) attaching the transducer on carbon fiber electrode, and (3) covered it with a screen layer to reduce signal interference. The fabricated microsensor exhibits high sensitivity (LOD, 13.5 pM), wide detection range (100 pM-5 μM), and good selectivity. Moreover, studies have revealed that the availability of the sensor for efficient detection of NO is due to the formation of a specific DNA/porphyrin hybrid structure that has synergetic effects on NO electrocatalysis. Therefore, NO release by cells and tissues can be directly and precisely traced, in which we have obtained the release pattern of NO by different cancer cell lines, and have known its dynamics in tumor microenvironment. The fabricated electrocatalytic microsensor may provide a unique and useful tool for the direct assay of NO with high time-space resolution, which promisingly gives a technical solution for the bioassay of NO in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiongbo Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junhui Mou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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8
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Pros and Cons of Pharmacological Manipulation of cGMP-PDEs in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010262. [PMID: 35008687 PMCID: PMC8745278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, are ubiquitous second messengers responsible for translating extracellular signals to intracellular biological responses in both normal and tumor cells. When these signals are aberrant or missing, cells may undergo neoplastic transformation or become resistant to chemotherapy. cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are attracting tremendous interest as drug targets for many diseases, including cancer, where they regulate cell growth, apoptosis and sensitization to radio- and chemotherapy. In breast cancer, PDE5 inhibition is associated with increased intracellular cGMP levels, which is responsible for the phosphorylation of PKG and other downstream molecules involved in cell proliferation or apoptosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant studies regarding the controversial role of PDE inhibitors as off-label adjuvants in cancer therapy.
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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Navasardyan I, Bonavida B. Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102655. [PMID: 34685635 PMCID: PMC8534057 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell-mediated immune response is primarily involved in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer and its underlying mechanisms are complex. The anti-tumor T cell response is regulated by various T cell subsets and other cells and tissues in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various mechanisms are involved in the regulation of these various effector cells. One mechanism is the iNOS/.NO that has been reported to be intimately involved in the regulation and differentiation of the various cells that regulate the anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Both endogenous and exogenous .NO are implicated in this regulation. Importantly, the exposure of T cells to .NO had different effects on the immune response, depending on the .NO concentration and time of exposure. For instance, iNOS in T cells regulates activation-induced cell death and inhibits Treg induction. Effector CD8 T cells exposed to .NO result in the upregulation of death receptors and enhance their anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. .NO-Tregs suppress CD4 Th17 cells and their differentiation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expressing iNOS inhibit T cell functions via .NO and inhibit anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Therefore, both .NO donors and .NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics tailored to specific target cells that regulate the T cell effector anti-tumor response.
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Mazurek M, Rola R. The implications of nitric oxide metabolism in the treatment of glial tumors. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105172. [PMID: 34461111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial tumors are the most common intracranial malignancies. Unfortunately, despite such a high prevalence, patients' prognosis is usually poor. It is related to the high invasiveness, tendency to relapse and the resistance of tumors to traditional methods of treatment. An important link in the aspect of these issues may be nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. It is a very complex mechanism with multidirectional effects on the neoplastic process. Depending on the concentration axis, it can both exert pro-tumor action as well as contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. The latest observations show that the control of its metabolism can be very helpful in the development of new methods of treating gliomas, as well as in increasing the effectiveness of the agents currently used. The influence of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity on glioma stem cells seem to be of particular importance. The use of specific inhibitors may allow the reduction of tumor growth and its tendency to relapse. Another important feature of GSCs is their conditioning of glioma resistance to traditional forms of treatment. Recent studies have shown that modulation of NO metabolism can suppress this effect, preventing the induction of radio and chemoresistance. Moreover, nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of a number of immune mechanisms. Adequate modulation of its metabolism may contribute to the induction of an anti-tumor response in the patients' immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University in Lublin, Poland.
| | - Radosław Rola
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University in Lublin, Poland
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Porrini C, Ramarao N, Tran SL. Dr. NO and Mr. Toxic - the versatile role of nitric oxide. Biol Chem 2021; 401:547-572. [PMID: 31811798 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is present in various organisms from humans, to plants, fungus and bacteria. NO is a fundamental signaling molecule implicated in major cellular functions. The role of NO ranges from an essential molecule to a potent mediator of cellular damages. The ability of NO to react with a broad range of biomolecules allows on one hand its regulation and a gradient concentration and on the other hand to exert physiological as well as pathological functions. In humans, NO is implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis, neurotransmission and immunity. However, NO can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or septic shock. For certain denitrifying bacteria, NO is part of their metabolism as a required intermediate of the nitrogen cycle. However, for other bacteria, NO is toxic and harmful. To survive, those bacteria have developed processes to resist this toxic effect and persist inside their host. NO also contributes to maintain the host/microbiota homeostasis. But little is known about the impact of NO produced during prolonged inflammation on microbiota integrity, and some pathogenic bacteria take advantage of the NO response to colonize the gut over the microbiota. Taken together, depending on the environmental context (prolonged production, gradient concentration, presence of partners for interaction, presence of oxygen, etc.), NO will exert its beneficial or detrimental function. In this review, we highlight the dual role of NO for humans, pathogenic bacteria and microbiota, and the mechanisms used by each organism to produce, use or resist NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Porrini
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nalini Ramarao
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Seav-Ly Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hasan Dagmura, Yigit S, Gumusay O, Nursal AF, Daldal E, Karakus N. eNOS and VEGF Variants Might Increase the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Maggi F, Arcella A, Marinelli O, Eleuteri AM, Santoni M, Morelli MB. Knock-Down of Mucolipin 1 Channel Promotes Tumor Progression and Invasion in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2021; 11:578928. [PMID: 33954107 PMCID: PMC8092188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.578928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among cancers that affect the central nervous system, glioblastoma is the most common. Given the negative prognostic significance of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel reduction in patients with glioblastoma, as discussed in previous publications, the aim of the current study was to investigate the biological advantage of TRPML1 loss for glioma cells. Human glioblastoma primary cancer cells (FSL and FCL) and glioblastoma cell lines (T98 and U251) were used for that purpose. TRPML1 silencing in T98 cells induces defective autophagy, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cathepsin B-dependent apoptosis in the first 48 h and then apoptotic-resistant cells proliferate with a high growth rate with respect to control cells. In U251 cells, knock-down of TRPML1 stimulates NO generation and protein oxidation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces autophagy leading to cathepsin B-dependent senescence. Finally, in both cell lines, the long-term effects of TRPML1 silencing promote survival and invasion capacity with respect to control cells. Silencing of TRPML1 also affects the phenotype of glioblastoma primary cells. FSL cells show increased proliferation ability, while FCL cells enter into senescence associated with an increased invasion ability. In conclusion, although the molecular heterogeneity among different glioblastoma cell lines mirrors the intercellular heterogeneity in cancer cells, our data support TRPML1 downregulation as a negative prognostic factor in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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Huang C, Yang D, Ye GW, Powell CA, Guo P. Vascular Notch Signaling in Stress Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:606448. [PMID: 33585446 PMCID: PMC7873850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.606448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Notch signaling is one of the most conserved signaling cascades. It regulates cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell fate maintenance in a variety of biological systems during development and cancer (Fortini, 2009; Kopan and Ilagan, 2009; Andersson et al., 2011; Ntziachristos et al., 2014). For the hematopoietic system, during embryonic development, Notch1 is essential for the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the aorta-gornado-mesonephro regions of the dorsal aorta. At adult stage, Notch receptors and Notch targets are expressed at different levels in diverse hematopoietic cell types and influence lineage choices. For example, Notch specifies T cell lineage over B cells. However, there has been a long-lasting debate on whether Notch signaling is required for the maintenance of adult HSCs, utilizing transgenic animals inactivating different components of the Notch signaling pathway in HSCs or niche cells. The aims of the current mini-review are to summarize the evidence that disapproves or supports such hypothesis and point at imperative questions waiting to be addressed; hence, some of the seemingly contradictory findings could be reconciled. We need to better delineate the Notch signaling events using biochemical assays to identify direct Notch targets within HSCs or niche cells in specific biological context. More importantly, we call for more elaborate studies that pertain to whether niche cell type (vascular endothelial cells or other stromal cell)-specific Notch ligands regulate the differentiation of T cells in solid tumors during the progression of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). We believe that the investigation of vascular endothelial cells' or other stromal cell types' interaction with hematopoietic cells during homeostasis and stress can offer insights toward specific and effective Notch-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- McCann Health Medical Communications, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Disease, Shanghai, China.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - George W Ye
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peipei Guo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fibrosis Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai-National Jewish Respiratory Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Genome-Wide Comparison of the Target Genes of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Non-Reactive Oxygen Species Constituents of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092640. [PMID: 32947888 PMCID: PMC7565996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cold atmospheric plasma is being applied to treat cancer by virtue of its preferential anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells over normal cells. This study aimed to systemically determine the distribution of target genes regulated by the reactive oxygen species and non-reactive oxygen species constituents of the plasma. After analyzing genome-wide expression data for a leukemia and a melanoma cancer cell line from a public database followed by experimental approaches, PTGER3 and HSPA6 genes were found regulated by the non-reactive oxygen species and non-reactive nitrogen species constituents of the plasma in the cancer cells. This study could contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanism how each physicochemical constituent of the plasma induces the specific molecular changes in cancer cells. Abstract Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can induce cancer cell death. The majority of gene regulation studies have been biased towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) among the physicochemical components of CAP. The current study aimed to systemically determine the distribution of target genes regulated by the ROS and non-ROS constituents of CAP. Genome-wide expression data from a public database, which were obtained after treating U937 leukemia and SK-mel-147 melanoma cells with CAP or H2O2, were analyzed, and gene sets regulated by either or both of them were identified. The results showed 252 and 762 genes in H2O2-treated U937 and SK-mel-147 cells, respectively, and 112 and 843 genes in CAP-treated U937 and SK-mel-147 cells, respectively, with expression changes higher than two-fold. Notably, only four and two genes were regulated by H2O2 and CAP in common, respectively, indicating that non-ROS constituents were responsible for the regulation of the majority of CAP-regulated genes. Experiments using ROS and nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors demonstrated the ROS- and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-independent regulation of PTGER3 and HSPA6 when U937 cancer cells were treated with CAP. Taken together, this study identified CAP-specific genes regulated by constituents other than ROS or RNS and could contribute to the annotation of the target genes of specific constituents in CAP.
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Cotta Filho CK, Oliveira-Paula GH, Rondon Pereira VC, Lacchini R. Clinically relevant endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and their impact on drug response. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:927-951. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1804857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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18
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Fard ZT. The Relationship Between eNOS Polymorphisms With Age, Smoking, Body Mass Index, and Clinicopathologic Parameters in Patients With Breast Cancer in Comparison With a Control Group. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e344-e352. [PMID: 32008955 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical involved in carcinogenesis and is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Genetic changes in the eNOS enzyme affect its activity, and the nitric oxide produced by inhibiting apoptosis can lead to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. In this study, in addition to investigating the relationship between genetic changes in eNOS gene and the risk of breast cancer, the relationship between genotypes of polymorphisms, age, smoking, body mass index, and clinopathologic parameters was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three functional (Intron 4a/b, T786C, and G894T) and 1 tagging (G10T) polymorphisms of the eNOS gene were examined in 203 patients with breast cancer and 203 control subjects, and their genotypes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The T allele in G10T polymorphism increased the risk of breast cancer by 1.503-fold, whereas allele a in Intron 4, T allele in G894T, and C allele in T786C decreased its risk by 0.678-, 0.440-, and 0.525-fold, respectively. GG, GT (G10T), bb and ab (Intron4), GG and TT (G894T), and TT and CC (T786C) genotypes were significantly correlated with body mass index. There was a significant relationship between age and bb genotype, cigarette smoking and genotype ab (Intron 4), and estrogen receptor and GG (G10T) genotype. Tumor invasion factor was also significantly associated with TT (G10T), bb (Intron 4), and TT (T786C) genotypes. CONCLUSION Genetic changes in eNOS appear to have a dual role in breast cancer rate owing to changes in NO production and can be introduced as one of the genetic markers involved in breast cancer by evaluating the genotype of different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tahmasebi Fard
- Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
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19
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Nitric oxide and interactions with reactive oxygen species in the development of melanoma, breast, and colon cancer: A redox signaling perspective. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Evaluation of serum nitric oxide before and after local radiofrequency thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Somasundaram V, Basudhar D, Bharadwaj G, No JH, Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Fujita M, Thomas DD, Anderson SK, McVicar DW, Wink DA. Molecular Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide in Cancer Progression, Signal Transduction, and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1124-1143. [PMID: 29634348 PMCID: PMC6354612 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer is a complex disease, which not only involves the tumor but its microenvironment comprising different immune cells as well. Nitric oxide (NO) plays specific roles within tumor cells and the microenvironment and determines the rate of cancer progression, therapy efficacy, and patient prognosis. Recent Advances: Key understanding of the processes leading to dysregulated NO flux within the tumor microenvironment over the past decade has provided better understanding of the dichotomous role of NO in cancer and its importance in shaping the immune landscape. It is becoming increasingly evident that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-mediated NO/reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNS) are heavily involved in cancer progression and metastasis in different types of tumor. More recent studies have found that NO from NOS2+ macrophages is required for cancer immunotherapy to be effective. CRITICAL ISSUES NO/RNS, unlike other molecules, are unique in their ability to target a plethora of oncogenic pathways during cancer progression. In this review, we subcategorize the different levels of NO produced by cells and shed light on the context-dependent temporal effects on cancer signaling and metabolic shift in the tumor microenvironment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the source of NO and its spaciotemporal profile within the tumor microenvironment could help improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapies by improving tumor infiltration of immune cells for better tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gaurav Bharadwaj
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jae Hong No
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa A. Ridnour
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y.S. Cheng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Douglas D. Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen K. Anderson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Daniel W. McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David A. Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
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22
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Regulation of cell migration by α4 and α9 integrins. Biochem J 2019; 476:705-718. [PMID: 30819933 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play an essential role in enabling cells to sense and bind to extracellular ligands. Activation and clustering of integrins leads to the formation of focal adhesions at the plasma membrane that subsequently initiate signalling pathways to control a broad range of functional endpoints including cell migration, proliferation and survival. The α4 and α9 integrins form a small sub-family of receptors that share some specific ligands and binding partners. Although relatively poorly studied compared with other integrin family members, emerging evidence suggests that despite restricted cell and tissue expression profiles, these integrins play a key role in the regulation of signalling pathways controlling cytoskeletal remodelling and migration in both adherent and non-adherent cell types. This review summarises the known shared and specific roles for α4 and α9 integrins and highlights the importance of these receptors in controlling cell migration within both homeostatic and disease settings.
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Luo J, Wei D, Li D, Wang L. Nitric oxide functions in stromal cell-derived factor-1-induced cytoskeleton changes and the migration of Jurkat cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6685-6690. [PMID: 30405809 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) regulates multiple cell signal pathways in a variety of cellular functions, including cell migration, proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. SDF-1-induced chemotaxis is an important step of lymphocyte migration. However, the molecular mechanisms that modulate SDF-1-mediated lymphocyte migration are not well identified. Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to function as a signaling molecule in a number of signaling pathways, including migration. In the present study, the potential role of NO in SDF-1-induced migration and the association between NO and the cytoskeletal changes of Jurkat cells was investigated. The present study demonstrated that Jurkat cells induced the production of NO by SDF-1 stimulation, using Griess reaction method and western blot analysis, and that NO was involved in SDF-1-induced rearrangement and polymerization of the cytoskeleton, using NOS inhibitor L-NMMA. Furthermore, NO was required for the migration of Jurkat cells. The research suggested that NO signaling pathways exerted a critical role in SDF-1-induced cytoskeleton changes and the migration of Jurkat cells. This work provides insight into the migration mechanism of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and provides an effective theoretical basis for therapy strategies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Luo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wei
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Dingyun Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
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Chen CH, Wu SH, Tseng YM, Hou MF, Tsai LY, Tsai SM. Distinct role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms from menopausal status in the patients with sporadic breast cancer in Taiwan. Nitric Oxide 2018; 72:1-6. [PMID: 29102546 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has a high incidence in Taiwanese women and worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that NO has multiple independent roles in carcinogenesis; genetic polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene could modify its transcription and endogenous NO production. Previous studies have reported conflicting results for the relationship between polymorphisms in the eNOS gene and breast cancer risk. Estrogen levels are associated with eNOS expression; accordingly, variation in estrogen levels may contribute to the discordant results. Therefore, in this study, the effects of eNOS polymorphisms on breast cancer susceptibility were examined in terms of menopausal status in Taiwanese women. Three eNOS polymorphisms (-786T > C, VNTR, and 894G > T) were genotyped in 283 patients with breast cancer (139 premenopausal and 144 postmenopausal) and 200 cancer-free controls (100 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal) by PCR-RFLP. There was a significantly higher breast cancer risk in premenopausal women carrying 894G > T T than in those with the 894G > T GG genotype; however, postmenopausal women carrying 894G > T T had a lower risk of developing breast cancer. In addition, based on a binary logistic regression analysis, interaction effects of these polymorphisms differed according to menopausal status. The relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and breast cancer hazard depended on menopause status, especially for the 894G > T polymorphism, which may provide an explanation for previous conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ming Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Yu Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Meng Tsai
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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25
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Zhang N, Fang Z, Li Q, Wang K, Li S, Li W, Wang S. PDE5 Overexpression in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:6243932. [PMID: 29118812 PMCID: PMC5651157 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6243932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PDE5 is observed in certain human cancers, but PDE5 expression in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is unknown. We therefore examined PDE5 expression and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of WDTC. Real-time qPCR and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of PDE5 mRNA and protein in paired WDTC tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of PDE5 in paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 103 cases of WDTC. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between PDE5 expression and clinicopathological features. The expression of PDE5 mRNA and protein was upregulated in WDTC lesions compared to their paired noncancerous tissues. The expression of PDE5 was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.032), regional lymph node status (P = 0.004), and the presence of distant metastasis (P = 0.020). High PDE5 expression was more closely associated with lymph node involvement in patients over 45 years (OR = 15.60, P ≤ 0.05). Thus, PDE5 may be a potential biomarker in WDTC, particularly in patients with regional lymph node metastasis, which is associated with disease recurrence, treatment failure, and morbidity. PDE5 expression may also help predict the prognosis and recurrence of WDTC after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Fang
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songqi Li
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fuseler JW, Valarmathi MT. Nitric Oxide Modulates Postnatal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:133. [PMID: 27933292 PMCID: PMC5122209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free-radical gas molecule, which is highly diffusible and can activate a wide range of downstream effectors, with rapid and widespread cellular effects. NO is a versatile signaling mediator with a plethora of cellular functions. For example, NO has been shown to regulate actin, the microfilament, dependent cellular functions, and also acts as a putative stem cell differentiation-inducing agent. In this study, using a wound-healing model of cellular migration, we have explored the effect of exogenous NO on the kinetics of movement and morphological changes in postnatal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cellular migration kinetics and morphological changes of the migrating MSCs were measured in the presence of an NO donor (S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-D,L-Penicillamine, SNAP), especially, to track the dynamics of single-cell responses. Two experimental conditions were assessed, in which SNAP (200 μM) was applied to the MSCs. In the first experimental group (SN-1), SNAP was applied immediately following wound formation, and migration kinetics were determined for 24 h. In the second experimental group (SN-2), MSCs were pretreated for 7 days with SNAP prior to wound formation and the determination of migration kinetics. The generated displacement curves were further analyzed by non-linear regression analysis. The migration displacement of the controls and NO treated MSCs (SN-1 and SN-2) was best described by a two parameter exponential functions expressing difference constant coefficients. Additionally, changes in the fractal dimension (D) of migrating MSCs were correlated with their displacement kinetics for all the three groups. Overall, these data suggest that NO may evidently function as a stop migration signal by disordering the cytoskeletal elements required for cell movement and proliferation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Fuseler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mani T Valarmathi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
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Peak TC, Richman A, Gur S, Yafi FA, Hellstrom WJG. The Role of PDE5 Inhibitors and the NO/cGMP Pathway in Cancer. Sex Med Rev 2016; 4:74-84. [PMID: 27872007 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors (PDE5i) have been used clinically for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, acting on the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway. Simultaneously, researchers have elucidated the roles that this pathway plays in the regulation of cell proliferation, tumor development, and progression. As a result, our knowledge of PDE5i and cancer biology has expanded and provides an integration that holds great promise for some, but concern for others. AIM This review evaluates the role of PDE5i and the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in the pathogenesis and prevention of various malignancies. METHODS A literature review was performed with regard to the role of NO/cGMP pathway in tumor formation and prevention in preclinical and clinical studies. Studies that utilized PDE5i to further explore the involvement of this pathway also were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To evaluate whether PDE5i provide a potential benefit for treating and/or preventing malignancies; or if they create potential harm leading to the development of these malignancies. RESULTS The best available data suggest that the interactions between PDE5i and cancer are tumor- and tissue-specific. Currently, the effect of PDE5i use on melanoma development is being debated. Further clinical controversy lies in PDE5i use for penile rehabilitation after nerve-sparing prostate cancer surgery. Preclinical studies suggest that PDE5 inhibition could lead to a decreased risk of developing colorectal and breast cancer, leukemia, and myeloma. PDE5i also may provide an additional antitumor immune response. Finally, researchers have demonstrated a synergistic effect from combining PDE5i with current chemotherapeutic regimens. CONCLUSION Currently, there are inadequate data to make any conclusive statements regarding the role of PDE5i in cancer pathogenesis and how to alter clinical management. In order to create appropriate clinical guidelines, further experimental and clinical evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Peak
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashley Richman
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Faysal A Yafi
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Relation between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genotypes and Oxidative Stress Markers in Larynx Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4985063. [PMID: 26682008 PMCID: PMC4670686 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4985063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) is responsible for the endothelial synthesis of nitric oxide (NO(•)). G894T polymorphism leads to the amino acid substitution from Glu298Asp that causes lower NOS3 activity and basal NO(•) production in NOS3 894T (298Asp) allele carriers compared with the GG homozygotes. NO(•) acts as an antioxidant protecting against Fenton's reaction which generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Allelic variation of NOS3 may influence an individual's risk of laryngeal cancer (LC). In the current study we have examined the possible relationship between NOS3 G894T genotypes and various systemic oxidative damage markers such as protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein products, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, thiol group fractions, and lipid hydroperoxides in LC patients. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP. In LC patients with TT genotype, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activities and nonprotein thiol levels were significantly higher than the controls. In patients with GT and GG genotype, high levels of lipid hydroperoxides showed statistical significance when compared to controls. Our results indicate a potential relationship among G894T polymorphism of NOS3, and impaired redox homeostasis. Further studies are required to determine the role of NOS3 gene polymorphism and impaired plasma redox homeostasis.
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Gao X, Wang J, Wang W, Wang M, Zhang J. eNOS Genetic Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis and a Case-Control Study of Breast Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e972. [PMID: 26131841 PMCID: PMC4504617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms (intron 4a/b, -786T>C and 894G>T) and cancer risk remains elusive. In addition, no studies focused on their associations with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese Han population. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and cancer risk, and then a case-control study in Chinese Han population was performed to assess their associations with breast cancer susceptibility.Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. The pooled analysis indicated that eNOS intron 4a/b and -786T>C polymorphisms were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer. In subgroup analyses based on cancer type, the significant association was found between eNOS intron 4a/b polymorphism and prostate cancer risk, eNOS -786T>C polymorphism and risk of prostate, bladder and breast cancers, and eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and breast cancer risk. In subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, eNOS intron 4a/b and -786T>C polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of cancer in Caucasians. In consistent with our meta-analysis results, a case-control study in Chinese Han population showed significant associations of eNOS -786T>C and 894G>T polymorphisms with the increased risk of breast cancer. In addition, stratified analyses based on pathological type showed that eNOS 894G>T polymorphism was only associated with the risk of infiltrative ductal carcinoma. Stratified analyses by tumor stage showed that eNOS -786T>C polymorphism was only associated with the risk of tumor stage III and IV.In conclusion, our meta-analysis and case-control study suggest that eNOS -786T>C and 894G>T polymorphisms are associated with the increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Gao
- From the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu (XG, JW, WW, JZ); and Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China (MW)
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Krasnapolski MA, Lodillinsky C, Bal De Kier Joffé E, Eiján AM. Hypoxia-induced nitric oxide release by luminal cells stimulates proliferation and uPA secretion of myoepithelial cells in a bicellular murine mammary tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1727-38. [PMID: 25687381 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION LM38 murine mammary adenocarcinoma model is formed by LM38-LP (myoepithelial and luminal), LM38-HP (luminal) and LM38-D2 (myoepithelial) cell lines. In a previous work, we had shown that LM38-HP and LM38-D2 cell lines are less malignant than the bicellular LM38-LP cell line. PURPOSE To study the role of nitric oxide (NO) as one of the mediators of functional interactions between malignant luminal and myoepithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, in vivo iNOS expression was only detected in the luminal cells of bicellular LM38-LP and most cells of LM38-HP tumors. In cobalt-induced pseudohypoxia, LM38-LP and LM38-HP cell lines significantly increased HIF-1α and iNOS expression (Western blotting) and therefore NO production (Griess method). This increase was inhibited by the iNOS inhibitor 1400 W. On the other side, NO was not detectable in LM38-D2 cells either in basal or in pseudohypoxia. In addition, pseudohypoxia increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) secretion by LM38-LP and LM38-HP cells and migration in the LM38-LP cell line, without modulating these properties in LM38-D2 cells (radial caseinolysis). The NO donor DETA/NONOate (500 μM) was able to increase uPA secretion and in vitro growth of LM38-D2. In agreement, 1400 W prevented in vivo growth of the myoepithelial LM38-D2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia leads to an enhanced NO production by the luminal component, through HIF-1α and iNOS, which can stimulate myoepithelial cell proliferation and uPA secretion. In these new conditions, myoepithelial cells might act as an invasive forefront generating gaps that could help luminal cells to escape from the primary tumor.
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Chang CF, Diers AR, Hogg N. Cancer cell metabolism and the modulating effects of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:324-36. [PMID: 25464273 PMCID: PMC5275750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolic phenotype has been recognized as a hallmark of tumor cells for many years, but this aspect of the cancer phenotype has come into greater focus in recent years. NOS2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase of iNOS) has been implicated as a component in many aggressive tumor phenotypes, including melanoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. Nitric oxide has been well established as a modulator of cellular bioenergetics pathways, in many ways similar to the alteration of cellular metabolism observed in aggressive tumors. In this review we attempt to bring these concepts together with the general hypothesis that one function of NOS2 and NO in cancer is to modulate metabolic processes to facilitate increased tumor aggression. There are many mechanisms by which NO can modulate tumor metabolism, including direct inhibition of respiration, alterations in mitochondrial mass, oxidative inhibition of bioenergetic enzymes, and the stimulation of secondary signaling pathways. Here we review metabolic alterations in the context of cancer cells and discuss the role of NO as a potential mediator of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fang Chang
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anne R Diers
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Shen SC, Wu MS, Lin HY, Yang LY, Chen YH, Chen YC. Reactive oxygen species-dependent nitric oxide production in reciprocal interactions of glioma and microglial cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:2015-26. [PMID: 24777714 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned mediums (CMs) from glioma cells U87, GBM-8401, and C6 significantly induced iNOS protein and NO production by microglial cells BV-2 but without altering the cell viability or cell-cycle progression of BV2 microglia. Significant increases in intracellular peroxide by U87-CM and C6-CM were detected by a DCHF-DA assay, and vitamin (Vit) C and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-reduced intracellular peroxide levels elicited by CMs lead to inhibition of iNOS/NO production The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, U0126, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, suppressed U87-CM- and C6-CM-induced iNOS/NO production by respectively blocking phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and JNK (pJNK) protein expressions stimulated by U87-CM and C6-CM. Increased migration of U87 and C6 glioma cells by a co-culture with BV-2 microglial cells or adding the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was observed, and that was blocked by adding an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (NAME). Contributions of ROS, pERK, and pJNK to the migration of glioma cells was further demonstrated in a transwell coculture system of U87 and C6 gliomas with BV-2 microglial cells. Furthermore, expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 messenger (m)RNA in U87 and C6 cells were detected by an RT-PCR, and TNF-α and MCP-1 induced iNOS protein expression in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Neutralization of TNF-α or MCP-1 in U87-CM and C6-CM using a TNF-α or MCP-1 antibody inhibited iNOS protein expression, and increased intracellular peroxide by TNF-α or MCP-1 was identified in BV-2 cells. The reciprocal activation of glioma cells and microglia via ROS-dependent iNOS/NO elevation at least partially mediated by TNF-α and MCP-1 is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Desforges M, Harris LK, Aplin JD. Elastin-derived peptides stimulate trophoblast migration and invasion: a positive feedback loop to enhance spiral artery remodelling. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:95-104. [PMID: 25245255 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin breakdown in the walls of uterine spiral arteries during early pregnancy facilitates their transformation into dilated, high-flow, low-resistance channels. Elastin-derived peptides (EDP) can influence cell migration, invasion and protease activity, and so we hypothesized that EDP released during elastolysis promote extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion and further elastin breakdown. Treatment of the trophoblast cell line SGHPL4 with the elastin-derived matrikine VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) significantly increased total elastase activity, promoted migration in a wound healing assay and increased invasion through Matrigel-coated transwells compared with vehicle control (0.1% DMSO) or the scrambled sequence VVGPGA. Furthermore, treatment of first-trimester placental villous explants with this EDP significantly increased both the area of trophoblast outgrowth and distance of migration away from the villous tips. Primary first-trimester cytotrophoblast exposed to VGVAPG (1 μg/ml) for 30 min showed increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, events also associated with tumour cell migration and invasion. These in vitro observations suggest liberation of bioactive EDP during induction of elastolysis in the uterine spiral arteries may orchestrate a positive feedback loop that promotes EVT invasion and further elastin breakdown, contributing to the process of vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Desforges
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Verim L, Toptas B, Ozkan NE, Cacina C, Turan S, Korkmaz G, Yaylim I. Possible relation between the NOS3 gene GLU298ASP polymorphism and bladder cancer in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:665-8. [PMID: 23621215 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), encoded by the NOS3 gene, has been suggested to play an important role in uncontrolled cell growth in several cancer types. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism in bladder cancer susceptibility in a Turkish population. We determined the genotypes of 66 bladder cancer cases and 88 healthy controls. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A significant association for NOS3 Glu298Asp heterozygotes genotypes and T allely were found between healthy controls and bladder cancer, respectively (p<0.001: p=0.002). There were no significant associations between any genotypes and the stage, grade, and histological type of bladder cancer. Our study suggested an increased risk role of NOS3 GT genotype in bladder cancer susceptibility in our Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Verim
- Haydarpasa Numune Training Hospital, Urology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Windham PF, Tinsley HN. cGMP signaling as a target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:106-10. [PMID: 24972142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One in eight women in the United States will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Advances in therapeutic strategies, diagnosis, and improved awareness have resulted in a significant reduction in breast cancer related mortality. However, there is a continued need for more effective and less toxic drugs for both the prevention and the treatment of breast cancer in order to see a continued decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent studies suggest that the cGMP signaling pathway may be aberrantly regulated in breast cancer. As such, this pathway may serve as a source of novel targets for future breast cancer drug discovery efforts. This review provides an overview of cGMP signaling in normal physiology and in breast cancer as well as current strategies being investigated for targeting this pathway in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrin F Windham
- University of Montevallo, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics, Station 6480, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA
| | - Heather N Tinsley
- University of Montevallo, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics, Station 6480, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA.
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Carmona-Cortés J, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Wangensteen R, Banegas I, García-Lora ÁM, Quesada A, Osuna A, Vargas F. Effect of thyroid hormone–nitric oxide interaction on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and aminopeptidase activity in mice. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5519-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhuang T, Chelluboina B, Ponnala S, Velpula KK, Rehman AA, Chetty C, Zakharian E, Rao JS, Veeravalli KK. Involvement of nitric oxide synthase in matrix metalloproteinase-9- and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-mediated glioma cell migration. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:590. [PMID: 24325546 PMCID: PMC3878845 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src tyrosine kinase activates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and, in turn, nitric oxide production as a means to transduce cell migration. Src tyrosine kinase plays a key proximal role to control α9β1 signaling. Our recent studies have clearly demonstrated the role of α9β1 integrin in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and/or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated glioma cell migration. In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of α9β1 integrin-iNOS pathway in MMP-9- and/or uPAR-mediated glioma cell migration. METHODS MMP-9 and uPAR shRNAs and overexpressing plasmids were used to downregulate and upregulate these molecules, respectively in U251 glioma cells and 5310 glioma xenograft cells. The effect of treatments on migration and invasion potential of these glioma cells were assessed by spheroid migration, wound healing, and Matrigel invasion assays. In order to attain the other objectives we also performed immunocytochemical, immunohistochemical, RT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the prominent association of iNOS with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Immunofluorescence analysis showed prominent expression of iNOS in glioma cells. MMP-9 and/or uPAR knockdown by respective shRNAs reduced iNOS expression in these glioma cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed elevated iNOS mRNA expression in either MMP-9 or uPAR overexpressed glioma cells. The migration potential of MMP-9- and/or uPAR-overexpressed U251 glioma cells was significantly inhibited after treatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of iNOS. Similarly, a significant inhibition of the invasion potential of the control or MMP-9/uPAR-overexpressed glioma cells was noticed after L-NAME treatment. A prominent reduction of iNOS expression was observed in the tumor regions of nude mice brains, which were injected with 5310 glioma cells, after MMP-9 and/or uPAR knockdown. Protein expressions of cSrc, phosphoSrc and p130Cas were reduced with simultaneous knockdown of both MMP-9 and uPAR. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results from the present and earlier studies clearly demonstrate that α9β1 integrin-mediated cell migration utilizes the iNOS pathway, and inhibition of the migratory potential of glioma cells by simultaneous knockdown of MMP-9 and uPAR could be attributed to the reduced α9β1 integrin and iNOS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, One Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA.
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Mycophenolic acid inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via multiple molecular pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81702. [PMID: 24260584 PMCID: PMC3829969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the metabolized product and active element of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) that has been widely used for the prevention of acute graft rejection. MPA potently inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) that is up-regulated in many tumors and MPA is known to inhibit cancer cell proliferation as well as fibroblast and endothelial cell migration. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time MPA’s antimigratory and anti-invasion abilities of MPA-sensitive AGS (gastric cancer) cells. Genome-wide expression analyses using Illumina whole genome microarrays identified 50 genes with ≥2 fold changes and 15 genes with > 4 fold alterations and multiple molecular pathways implicated in cell migration. Real-time RT-PCR analyses of selected genes also confirmed the expression differences. Furthermore, targeted proteomic analyses identified several proteins altered by MPA treatment. Our results indicate that MPA modulates gastric cancer cell migration through down-regulation of a large number of genes (PRKCA, DOCK1, INF2, HSPA5, LRP8 and PDGFRA) and proteins (PRKCA, AKT, SRC, CD147 and MMP1) with promigratory functions as well as up-regulation of a number of genes with antimigratory functions (ATF3, SMAD3, CITED2 and CEAMCAM1). However, a few genes that may promote migration (CYR61 and NOS3) were up-regulated. Therefore, MPA’s overall antimigratory role on cancer cells reflects a balance between promigratory and antimigratory signals influenced by MPA treatment.
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Spitler R, Schwappacher R, Wu T, Kong X, Yokomori K, Pilz RB, Boss GR, Berns MW. Nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi), a new nitric oxide donor, improves wound healing through cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2374-82. [PMID: 23920342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) donors have been shown to improve wound healing, but the mechanism is not well defined. Here we show that the novel NO donor nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi) improved in vitro wound healing in several cell types, including an established line of lung epithelial cells and primary human lung fibroblasts. On a molar basis, NO-Cbi was more effective than two other NO donors, with the effective NO-Cbi concentration ranging from 3 to 10μM, depending on the cell type. Improved wound healing was secondary to increased cell migration and not cell proliferation. The wound healing effect of NO-Cbi was mediated by cGMP, mainly through cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKGI), as determined using pharmacological inhibitors and activators, and siRNAs targeting PKG type I and II. Moreover, we found that Src and ERK were two downstream mediators of NO-Cbi's effect. We conclude that NO-Cbi is a potent inducer of cell migration and wound closure, acting via cGMP, PKG, Src, and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Spitler
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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Methods for detection and characterization of protein S-nitrosylation. Methods 2013; 62:138-50. [PMID: 23628946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein S-nitrosylation, defined as the covalent addition of a nitroso moiety to the reactive thiol group on a cysteine residue, has received increasing recognition as a critical post-translational modification that exerts ubiquitous influence in a wide range of cellular pathways and physiological processes. Due to the lability of the S-NO bond, which is a dynamic modification, and the low abundance of endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in vivo, unambiguous identification of S-nitrosylated proteins and S-nitrosylation sites remains methodologically challenging. In this review, we summarize recent advancements and the use of state-of-art approaches for the enrichment, systematic identification and quantitation of S-nitrosylation protein targets and their modification sites at the S-nitrosoproteome scale. These advancements have facilitated the global identification of >3000 S-nitrosylated proteins that are associated with wide range of human diseases. These strategies hold promise to site-specifically unravel potential molecular targets and to change S-nitrosylation-based pathophysiology, which may further the understanding of the potential role of S-nitrosylation in diseases.
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Schwappacher R, Rangaswami H, Su-Yuo J, Hassad A, Spitler R, Casteel DE. cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iβ regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion via interaction with the actin/myosin-associated protein caldesmon. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1626-36. [PMID: 23418348 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.118190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two isoforms of type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKGIα and PKGIβ) differ in their first ∼100 amino acids, giving each isoform unique dimerization and autoinhibitory domains. The dimerization domains form coiled-coil structures and serve as platforms for isoform-specific protein-protein interactions. Using the PKGIβ dimerization domain as an affinity probe in a proteomic screen, we identified the actin/myosin-associated protein caldesmon (CaD) as a PKGIβ-specific binding protein. PKGIβ phosphorylated human CaD on serine 12 in vitro and in intact cells. Phosphorylation on serine 12 or mutation of serine 12 to glutamic acid (S12E) reduced the interaction between CaD and myosin IIA. Because CaD inhibits myosin ATPase activity and regulates cell motility, we examined the effects of PKGIβ and CaD on cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway reduced migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells, whereas PKG activation enhanced their motility and invasion. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous CaD had pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects in human breast cancer cells. Reconstituting cells with wild-type CaD slowed migration and invasion; however, CaD containing a phospho-mimetic S12E mutation failed to reverse the pro-migratory and pro-invasive activity of CaD depletion. Our data suggest that PKGIβ enhances breast cancer cell motility and invasive capacity, at least in part, by phosphorylating CaD. These findings identify a pro-migratory and pro-invasive function for PKGIβ in human breast cancer cells, suggesting that PKGIβ is a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwappacher
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Jang MJ, Jeon YJ, Kim JW, Chong SY, Hong SP, Oh D, Cho YK, Chung KW, Kim NK. Association of eNOS polymorphisms (-786T>C, 4a4b, 894G>T) with colorectal cancer susceptibility in the Korean population. Gene 2012; 512:275-81. [PMID: 23137631 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS) have been shown to be associated with cancer susceptibility. However, the results of such studies are conflicting to date. We investigated whether polymorphisms of the eNOS gene correlated with patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), relative to healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we analyzed three polymorphisms of eNOS (-786T>C, 4a4b, and 894G>T) in 509 healthy controls and 528 patients with CRC. The genotyping of eNOS polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. RESULTS We found that the TC+CC genotype of the -786T>C polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC compared with the TT genotype. Similarly, the GT+TT genotype of the 894G>T polymorphism was associated with an increased susceptibility to CRC. However, no evidence was found for any association between the 4a4b polymorphism and CRC risk. In addition, the C/4b/G (-786T>C/4a4b/894G>T) haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk of CRC and C/4b/T (-786T>C/4a4b/894G>T) haplotype was only detected in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the eNOS -786T>C and 894G>T polymorphisms may be associated with the development of CRC in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ju Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Human relaxin-2: historical perspectives and role in cancer biology. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1131-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Weyerbrock A, Osterberg N, Psarras N, Baumer B, Kogias E, Werres A, Bette S, Saavedra JE, Keefer LK, Papazoglou A. JS-K, a glutathione S-transferase-activated nitric oxide donor with antineoplastic activity in malignant gliomas. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:497-510; discussion 510. [PMID: 21849924 PMCID: PMC3253212 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31823209cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) control multidrug resistance and are upregulated in many cancers, including malignant gliomas. The diazeniumdiolate JS-K generates nitric oxide (NO) on enzymatic activation by glutathione and GST, showing promising NO-based anticancer efficacy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of NO-based antitumor therapy with JS-K in U87 gliomas in vitro and in vivo. METHODS U87 glioma cells and primary glioblastoma cell lines were exposed to JS-K and a variety of inhibitors to study cell death by necrosis, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. GST expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot, and NO release from JS-K was studied with a NO assay. The growth-inhibitory effect of JS-K was studied in a U87 xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS Dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in human U87 glioma cells and primary glioblastoma cells in vitro. Cell death was partially induced by caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be blocked by Z-VAD-FMK and Q-VD-OPH. Inhibition of GST by sulfasalazine, cGMP inhibition by ODQ, and MEK1/2 inhibition by UO126 attenuated the antiproliferative effect of JS-K, suggesting the involvement of various intracellular death signaling pathways. Response to JS-K correlated with mRNA and protein expression of GST and the amount of NO released by the glioma cells. Growth of U87 xenografts was reduced significantly, with immunohistochemical evidence for increased necrosis and apoptosis and reduced proliferation. CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time the potent antiproliferative effect of JS-K in gliomas in vitro and in vivo. These findings warrant further investigation of this novel NO-releasing prodrug in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu Z, Luo W, Zhou Y, Zhen Y, Yang H, Yu X, Ye Y, Li X, Wang H, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Yao K, Fang W. Potential tumor suppressor NESG1 as an unfavorable prognosis factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27887. [PMID: 22140479 PMCID: PMC3225374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently we identified nasopharyngeal epithelium specific protein 1 (NESG1) as a potential tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of NESG1 in tumor progression and prognosis of human NPC. Methodology/Principal Findings NESG1 protein expression in NPC was examined. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. The effect of NESG1 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were also investigated. Results NESG1 expression was downregulated in atypical hyperplasia and NPC samples compared to normal and squamous nasopharynx tissues. Reduced protein expression was negatively associated with the status of NPC progression. Patients with lower NESG1 expression had a shorter overall survival and disease-free time than did patients with higher NESG1 expression. Multivariate analysis suggested NESG1 expression as an independent prognostic indicator for NPC patient survival. Proliferation, migration, and invasion ability were significantly increased in cell lines following lentiviral-mediated shRNA suppression of NESG1 expression. Microarray analysis indicated that NESG1 participated in multiple pathways, including MAPK signaling and cell cycle regulation. Finally, DNA methylation microarray examination revealed a lack of hypermethylation at the NESG1 promoter, suggesting other mechanisms are involved in suppressing NESG1 expression in NPC. Conclusion Our studies are the first to demonstrate that decreased NESG1 expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinping Jiang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Fuseler JW, Valarmathi MT. Modulation of the migration and differentiation potential of adult bone marrow stromal stem cells by nitric oxide. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1032-43. [PMID: 22071099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible free radical, which serves as a pluripotent intracellular messenger in numerous cell systems. NO has been demonstrated to regulate actin dependent cellular functions and functions as a putative inductive agent in directing stem cells differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous NO on the kinetics of movement and morphological changes in adult bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in a wound healing model of cellular migration. Cellular migration and morphological changes were determined by measurement of changes in the area and fractal dimension of BMSCs monolayer as a function of time in the presence of an NO donor (S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-D,L-Penicillamine, SNAP) compared to untreated BMSCs. Response of the BMSCs' actin cytoskeleton and desmin to NO was assessed by determining changes in their integrated optical density (IOD) and fractal dimension at 24 h and 7 days. NO suppressed BMSCs' migration accompanied by a reduction in cell size, with maintenance of their stellate to polygonal morphology. In response to NO, the actin cytoskeleton expressed an increase in randomness but maintained a constant amount of F-actin relative to the cell size. The presence of NO also induced an increase in randomly organized cytoplasmic desmin. These data suggest that NO has an apparent inductive effect on adult BMSCs and is capable of initiating phenotypic change at the gross cellular, cytoskeletal and molecular levels. It is apparent, however, that additional factors or conditions are required to further drive the differentiation of adult BMSCs into specific phenotypes, such as cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Fuseler
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Kim J, Lee JW, Kim SI, Choi YJ, Lee WK, Jeong MJ, Cha SH, Lee HJ, Chun W, Kim SS. Thrombin-induced Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Are Regulated by MAPK and PI3K Pathways in C6 Glioma Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:211-6. [PMID: 21994479 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.4.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most common and aggressive tumors in central nervous system. It often possesses characteristic necrotic lesions with hemorrhages, which increase the chances of exposure to thrombin. Thrombin has been known as a regulator of MMP-9 expression and cancer cell migration. However, the effects of thrombin on glioma cells have not been clearly understood. In the present study, influences of thrombin on glioma cell migration were examined using Boyden chamber migration assay and thrombin-induced changes in MMP-9 expression were measured using zymography, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Furthermore, underlying signaling pathways by which thrombin induces MMP-9 expression were examined. Thrombin-induced migration and MMP-9 expression were significantly potentiated in the presence of wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, whereas MAPK inhibitors suppressed thrombin-induced migration and MMP-9 expression in C6 glioma cells. The present data strongly demonstrate that MAPK and PI3K pathways evidently regulate thrombin-induced migration and MMP-9 expression of C6 glioma cells. Therefore, the control of these pathways might be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for treatment of invasive glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Kangwon 200-701, Korea
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Egilmez NK, Harden JL, Virtuoso LP, Schwendener RA, Kilinc MO. Nitric oxide short-circuits interleukin-12-mediated tumor regression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:839-45. [PMID: 21387108 PMCID: PMC11028488 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can promote tumor regression via activation of multiple lymphocytic and myelocytic effectors. Whereas the cytotoxic mechanisms employed by T/NK/NKT cells in IL-12-mediated tumor kill are well defined, the antitumor role of macrophage-produced cytotoxic metabolites has been more controversial. To this end, we investigated the specific role of nitric oxide (NO), a major macrophage effector molecule, in post-IL-12 tumor regression. Analysis of tumors following a single intratumoral injection of slow-release IL-12 microspheres showed an IFNγ-dependent sevenfold increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression within 48 h. Flow cytometric analysis of tumor-resident leukocytes and in vivo depletion studies identified CD11b(+) F4/80(+) Gr1(lo) macrophages as the primary source of iNOS. Blocking of post-therapy iNOS activity with N-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dramatically enhanced tumor suppression revealing the inhibitory effect of NO on IL-12-driven antitumor immunity. Superior tumor regression in mice receiving combination treatment was associated with enhanced survival and proliferation of activated tumor-resident CD8+ T-effector/memory cells (Tem). These findings demonstrate that macrophage-produced NO negatively regulates the antitumor activity of IL-12 via its detrimental effects on CD8+ T cells and identify L-NAME as a potent adjuvant in IL-12 therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat K. Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Jamie L. Harden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Lauren P. Virtuoso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | | | - Mehmet O. Kilinc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 138 Farber Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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Nitric oxide synthase inhibition enhances the antitumor effect of radiation in the treatment of squamous carcinoma xenografts. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20147. [PMID: 21647438 PMCID: PMC3102067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tests whether the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), combines favorably with ionizing radiation (IR) in controlling squamous carcinoma tumor growth. Animals bearing FaDu and A431 xenografts were treated with L-NNA in the drinking water. IR exposure was 10 Gy for tumor growth and survival studies and 4 Gy for ex vivo clonogenic assays. Cryosections were examined immunohistochemically for markers of apoptosis and hypoxia. Blood flow was assayed by fluorescent microscopy of tissue cryosections after i.v. injection of fluorospheres. Orally administered L-NNA for 24 hrs reduces tumor blood flow by 80% (p<0.01). Within 24 hrs L-NNA treatment stopped tumor growth for at least 10 days before tumor growth again ensued. The growth arrest was in part due to increased cell killing since a combination of L-NNA and a single 4 Gy IR caused 82% tumor cell killing measured by an ex vivo clonogenic assay compared to 49% by L-NNA or 29% by IR alone. A Kaplan-Meyer analysis of animal survival revealed a distinct survival advantage for the combined treatment. Combining L-NNA and IR was also found to be at least as effective as a single i.p. dose of cisplatin plus IR. In contrast to the in vivo studies, exposure of cells to L-NNA in vitro was without effect on clonogenicity with or without IR. Western and immunochemical analysis of expression of a number of proteins involved in NO signaling indicated that L-NNA treatment enhanced arginase-2 expression and that this may represent vasculature remodeling and escape from NOS inhibition. For tumors such as head and neck squamous carcinomas that show only modest responses to inhibitors of specific angiogenic pathways, targeting NO-dependent pro-survival and angiogenic mechanisms in both tumor and supporting stromal cells may present a potential new strategy for tumor control.
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Despite the lack of association between different genotypes and the presence of prostate cancer, endothelial nitric oxide Synthase a/b (eNOS4a/b) polymorphism may be associated with advanced clinical stage and bone metastasis. Urol Oncol 2011; 29:183-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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