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Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhu C, Deng H, Chen X. Inhibiting neddylation with MLN4924 potentiates hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse type B spermatogonia GC-2 cells. Gene 2024; 893:147935. [PMID: 38381506 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia, an inadequate supply of tissue oxygen tension, has been reported to induce apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and is associated with male infertility. Neddylation, a post-translational modification similar to ubiquitination, has been shown to be involved in the hypoxia stress response. However, the functions of neddylation in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and its association with male infertility remain largely unexplored. In this study, aiming to explore the role of neddylation in male infertility, we used the specific neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 for treatment in mouse type B spermatogonia GC-2 cells. Our results showed that MLN4924 had no apparent effect on GC-2 cell apoptosis under normoxia, but significantly increased apoptotic cells under hypoxia. Transcriptomic analysis and qPCR assay confirmed that MLN4924 could suppress the expression of hypoxia target genes in GC-2 cells under hypoxia. In addition, MLN4924 could enhance the induction of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) under hypoxia. These results indicate that the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 potentiates hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse type B spermatogonia GC-2 cells, and neddylation may play an important role in promoting spermatogenic cells to adapt to hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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2
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Park SJ, Lee N, Jeong CH. ACY-241, a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:83-91. [PMID: 38154967 PMCID: PMC10762487 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor activated under hypoxic conditions, and it plays a crucial role in cellular stress regulation. While HIF-1α activity is essential in normal tissues, its presence in the tumor microenvironment represents a significant risk factor as it can induce angiogenesis and confer resistance to anti-cancer drugs, thereby contributing to poor prognoses. Typically, HIF-1α undergoes rapid degradation in normoxic conditions via oxygen-dependent degradation mechanisms. However, certain cancer cells can express HIF-1α even under normoxia. In this study, we observed an inclination toward increased normoxic HIF-1α expression in cancer cell lines exhibiting increased HDAC6 expression, which prompted the hypothesis that HDAC6 may modulate HIF-1α stability in normoxic conditions. To prove this hypothesis, several cancer cells with relatively higher HIF-1α levels under normoxic conditions were treated with ACY-241, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, and small interfering RNAs for HDAC6 knockdown. Our data revealed a significant reduction in HIF-1α expression upon HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover, the downregulation of HIF-1α under normoxic conditions decreased zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression and increased E-cadherin levels in lung cancer H1975 cells, consequently suppressing cell invasion and migration. ACY-241 treatment also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell invasion and migration by reducing HIF-1α level. This study confirms that HDAC6 knockdown and ACY-241 treatment effectively decrease HIF-1α expression under normoxia, thereby suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings highlight the potential of selective HDAC6 inhibition as an innovative therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Naeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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3
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Budi HS, Farhood B. Targeting oral tumor microenvironment for effective therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 37221555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers are among the common head and neck malignancies. Different anticancer therapy modalities such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and also targeted molecular therapy may be prescribed for targeting oral malignancies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that targeting malignant cells alone by anticancer modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy suppresses tumor growth. In the last decade, a large number of experiments have confirmed the pivotal role of other cells and secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression. Extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play key roles in the progression of tumors like oral cancers and resistance to therapy. On the other hand, infiltrated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells are key anti-tumor cells that suppress the proliferation of malignant cells. Modulation of extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive cells, and also stimulation of anticancer immunity have been suggested to treat oral malignancies more effectively. Furthermore, the administration of some adjuvants or combination therapy modalities may suppress oral malignancies more effectively. In this review, we discuss various interactions between oral cancer cells and TME. Furthermore, we also review the basic mechanisms within oral TME that may cause resistance to therapy. Potential targets and approaches for overcoming the resistance of oral cancers to various anticancer modalities will also be reviewed. The findings for targeting cells and potential therapeutic targets in clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Paul T, Basu S. Vascular onco-therapies targeting continuous and intermittent intra-tumor hypoxia. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Köstlin-Gille N, Dietz S, Schwarz J, Spring B, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J, Poets CF, Gille C. HIF-1α-Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Leads to a Disturbed Accumulation of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) During Pregnancy and to an Increased Abortion Rate in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:161. [PMID: 30804946 PMCID: PMC6370686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abortions are the most important reason for unintentional childlessness. During pregnancy, maternal immune cells are in close contact to cells of the semi-allogeneic fetus. Dysregulation of the maternal immune system leading to defective adaptation to pregnancy often plays a role in pathogenesis of abortions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are myeloid cells that suppress functions of other immune cells, especially T-cells, thereby negatively affecting diseases such as cancer, sepsis or trauma. They seem, however, also necessary for maintenance of maternal-fetal tolerance. Mechanisms regulating MDSC expansion and function during pregnancy are only incompletely understood. In tumor environment, hypoxia is crucial for MDSC accumulation and activation. Hypoxia is also important for early placenta and embryo development. Effects of hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). In the present study we aimed to examine the role of HIF-1α in myeloid cells for MDSC accumulation and MDSC function during pregnancy and for pregnancy outcome. We therefore used a mouse model with targeted deletion of HIF-1α in myeloid cells (myeloid HIF-KO) and analyzed blood, spleens and uteri of pregnant mice at gestational day E 10.5 in comparison to non-pregnant animals and wildtype (WT) animals. Further we analyzed pregnancy success by determining rates of failed implantation and abortion in WT and myeloid HIF-KO animals. We found that myeloid HIF-KO in mice led to an abrogated MDSC accumulation in the pregnant uterus and to impaired suppressive activity of MDSC. While expression of chemokine receptors and integrins on MDSC was not affected by HIF-1α, myeloid HIF-KO led to increased apoptosis rates of MDSC in the uterus. Myeloid-HIF-KO resulted in increased proportions of non-pregnant animals after positive vaginal plug and increased abortion rates, suggesting that activation of HIF-1α dependent pathways in MDSC are important for maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarz
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Spring
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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6
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Molecular therapy using siRNA: Recent trends and advances of multi target inhibition of cancer growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:880-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Kapałczyńska M, Teresiak A, Zajączkowska M, Bliźniak R, Lamperska KM. Tumor microenvironment - Unknown niche with powerful therapeutic potential. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:143-153. [PMID: 29760589 PMCID: PMC5948324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are in a group of cancers that are the most resistant to treatment. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has been still very low since last 20 years. The existence of relationship between oncogenic and surrounding cells is probably the reason for a poor response to treatment. Fibroblasts are an important element of tumor stroma which increases tumor cells ability to proliferate. Another highly resistance, tumorigenic and metastatic cell population in tumor microenvironment are cancer initiating cells (CICs). The population of cancer initiating cells can be found regardless of differentiation status of cancer and they seem to be crucial for HNSCC development. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about HNSCC biological and physiological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Przybyła
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Kapałczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Zajączkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Shang W, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Shanti R, Alawi F, Le A, Jiang C. Cellular Plasticity-Targeted Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers. J Dent Res 2018; 97:654-664. [PMID: 29486673 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide, with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is cellularly and molecularly heterogeneous, with subsets of undifferentiated cancer cells exhibiting stem cell-like properties, called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, gene mutation, and epigenetic modification are associated with the formation of cellular plasticity of tumor cells in HNSCC, contributing to the acquisition of invasive, recurrent, and metastatic properties and therapeutic resistance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a supportive role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of head and neck cancer. Stromal fibroblasts, vasculature, immune cells, cytokines, and hypoxia constitute the main components of TME in HNSCC, which contributes not only to the acquisition of CSC properties but also to the recurrence and therapeutic resistance of the malignancies. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the development of cellular plasticity, especially the emergence of CSCs, in HNSCC. We also highlight recent studies implicating the complex interplays among TME components, plastic CSCs, tumorigenesis, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance of HNSCC. Finally, we summarize the treatment modalities of HNSCC and reinforce the novel concept of therapeutic targeting CSCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Q Zhang
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Huang
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - R Shanti
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,6 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - F Alawi
- 7 Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Le
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Jiang
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, China.,4 School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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9
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Targeting Tumor Adaption to Chronic Hypoxia: Implications for Drug Resistance, and How It Can Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091854. [PMID: 28841148 PMCID: PMC5618503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and uncontrolled proliferation of tumors limits the availability of oxygen and nutrients supplied from the tumor vasculature, thus exposing them to low oxygen environments. Thus, diminished oxygen availability, or hypoxia, is the most common microenvironment feature of nearly all solid tumors. All living cells have the ability to sense changes in oxygen tension and adapt to this stress to preserve survival. Likewise, cancer cells adapt to chronic hypoxic stress via several mechanisms, including promotion of angiogenic factor production, metabolic shift to consume less oxygen, and reduction of apoptotic potential. Adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia is believed to be the main driver for selection of more invasive and therapy-resistant cancer phenotypes. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms by which tumor cells adapt to hypoxia, with a specific focus on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor. We further discuss the current understandings on hypoxia-mediated drug resistance and strategies to overcome it.
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10
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Wohlkoenig C, Leithner K, Olschewski A, Olschewski H, Hrzenjak A. TR3 is involved in hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in lung cancer cells downstream of HIF-1α. Lung Cancer 2017; 111:15-22. [PMID: 28838387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Like in all solid tumors, hypoxia is common in lung cancer and contributes to apoptosis, and thus chemotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. TR3 (NR4A1, Nur77) is an orphan nuclear receptor that induces apoptosis and may mediate chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used A549, H23 and H1299 cell lines to investigate how TR3-mediated apoptosis is affected by hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Cell culture, western blot analysis, apoptosis assay, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing were performed in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The TR3 activator cytosporone B was used to investigate TR3-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cytosporone B induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Chronic moderate hypoxia induced a significant down-regulation of TR3. Accordingly, the cytosporone B effect was reduced under these conditions. Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 was mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Our immunoblotting analysis and expression data from a public dataset suggest that TR3 is downregulated in NSCLC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hypoxia-induced down-regulation of TR3 might play an important role for hypoxia-induced apoptosis resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wohlkoenig
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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11
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Alonso J, Galán M, Martí-Pàmies I, Romero JM, Camacho M, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J. NOR-1/NR4A3 regulates the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2) in vascular cells: role in the survival response to hypoxic stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34056. [PMID: 27654514 PMCID: PMC5032021 DOI: 10.1038/srep34056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell survival is compromised under pathological conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We have previously shown that the nuclear receptor NOR-1 is involved in the survival response of vascular cells to hypoxia. Here, we identify the anti-apoptotic protein cIAP2 as a downstream effector of NOR-1. NOR-1 and cIAP2 were up-regulated in human AAA samples, colocalizing in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). While NOR-1 silencing reduced cIAP2 expression in vascular cells, lentiviral over-expression of this receptor increased cIAP2 mRNA and protein levels. The transcriptional regulation of the human cIAP2 promoter was analyzed in cells over-expressing NOR-1 by luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation, identifying a NGFI-B site (NBRE-358/-351) essential for NOR-1 responsiveness. NOR-1 and cIAP2 were up-regulated by hypoxia and by a hypoxia mimetic showing a similar time-dependent pattern. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies show that NOR-1 mediates the hypoxia-induced cIAP2 expression. While NOR-1 over-expression up-regulated cIAP2 and limited VSMC apoptosis induced by hypoxic stress, cIAP2 silencing partially prevented this NOR-1 pro-survival effect. These results indicate that cIAP2 is a target of NOR-1, and suggest that this anti-apoptotic protein is involved in the survival response to hypoxic stress mediated by NOR-1 in vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Martí-Pàmies
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Romero
- Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Laboratorio de Angiología, Biología Vascular e Inflamación y Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, IIB-Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Gao Y, Jing M, Ge R, Lang L. Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α by BDNF protects retinoblastoma cells against chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:77-84. [PMID: 26868822 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternations of environment signals such as neurotrophins may be the basis for malignant transformation of retinoblastoma (Rb), the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to decrease the chemosensitivity of Rb cells to the common chemotherapeutic agents and to explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in such cellular process. The results showed that BDNF could induce higher expression of HIF-1α via activation of TrkB in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells, which consequently contributed to its effect against chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis. However, this protective effect could be potently reversed by knockdown of HIF-1α. Furthermore, BDNF strikingly prevented chemotherapeutic agent-induced alternations of apoptosis-related molecules, which could also be attenuated by silencing HIF-1α. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that BDNF could contribute to chemoresistance of Rb via modulation of HIF-1α expression, indicating that targeting at the BDNF-TrkB/HIF-1α signaling pathway might be a promising strategy for the treatment of retinoblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 411 Hospital of CPLA, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Ming Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 411 Hospital of CPLA, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Rongrong Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 411 Hospital of CPLA, Shanghai, 200081, China
| | - Lili Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200081, China.
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13
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Iwata E, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Akisue T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1493-8. [PMID: 26846904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancers. Recent studies have shown that the malignant transformation of various carcinomas, including OSCC, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that expression of the EMT factors are significantly associated with tumor invasion, tumor metastasis, and survival rates in OSCC patients. Hence, there is a possibility that EMT suppression may improve the prognosis of OSCC patients. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial microenvironmental factor in tumor progression, which induces the expression of EMT factors. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 suppresses both human OSCC tumor growth and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes by improving hypoxia in treated tissue. According to this background, we hypothesized that increased EMT with HIF-1α expression may increase the progression and the metastatic potential of OSCC, and that decreased hypoxia by transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT. In the present study, in vitro studies showed that hypoxic conditions increased the expression of HIF-1α and EMT factors in OSCC cells. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that transcutaneous CO2 increased E-cadherin expression with the decreased expression of HIF-1α, Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in tumor treatment. These results suggest that transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT by improving hypoxia, resulting in the reduction of metastatic potential of OSCC. The findings indicate that transcutaneous CO2 may be able to improve the prognosis of OSCC patients through the suppression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Iwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Parsel SM, Grandis JR, Thomas SM. Nucleic acid targeting: towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3217-26. [PMID: 26592450 PMCID: PMC4877278 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In light of a detailed characterization of genetic aberrations in cancer, nucleic acid targeting represents an attractive therapeutic approach with significant translational potential. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with stagnant 5-year survival rates. Advances in conventional treatment have done little to improve survival and combined chemoradiation is associated with significant adverse effects. Recent reports have characterized the genetic alterations in HNSCC and demonstrated that mutations confer resistance to conventional and molecular targeted therapies. The ability to use specific nucleic acid sequences to inhibit cancer-associated genes including non-druggable targets facilitates personalized medicine approaches with less adverse effects. Additionally, advances in drug delivery mechanisms have increased the transfection efficiency aiding in greater therapeutic responses. Given these advances, the stage has been set to translate the information garnered from genomic studies into personalized treatment strategies. Genes involved in the tumor protein 53 (TP53) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways have been extensively investigated and many promising preclinical studies have shown tumor inhibition through genetic modulation. We, and others, have demonstrated that targeting oncogene expression with gene therapy approaches is feasible in patients. Other methods such as RNA interference have proven to be effective and are potential candidates for clinical studies. This review summarizes the major advances in sequence-specific gene modulation in the preclinical setting and in clinical trials in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Parsel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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15
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Gammon L, Mackenzie IC. Roles of hypoxia, stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the spread and treatment resistance of head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:77-82. [PMID: 25952002 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from a wide range of studies indicates that hypoxia and the resulting cellular changes that are induced by HIF-1α lead to transcriptional up-regulation of a diversity of genes that play major roles in modifying the cellular behaviour of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although the mechanisms of cell adaptation to hypoxia are still not entirely clear, many studies relate hypoxia to enhanced survival of malignant cells. Stronger staining of tissue sections for HIF-1α correlates with poor prognostic outcomes, and the hypoxic tumour microenvironment generates selective pressures that enhance the ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to evade therapeutically induced cell death. The ability of hypoxia to further increase the resistance of CSCs to conventional therapeutics, whether they act by induction of apoptosis, senescence or autophagy, appears to limit therapeutic effectiveness of current agents. The demonstration of hypoxic induction of phenotypic changes leading to a subpopulation of CSCs with high motility, greater invasive properties and yet greater therapeutic resistance, complicates the issue still further. It appears that therapeutic interventions that allow manipulation of HIF-1α levels and responses, whether induced by hypoxia or by other mechanisms, could provide more effective actions of chemo- and radiotherapies at lower therapeutic dosages and thus result in better control of tumours with less toxicity to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gammon
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Ian C Mackenzie
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, UK
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16
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Fei ZW, Qiu MK, Qi XQ, Dai YX, Wang SQ, Quan ZW, Liu YB, Ou JM. Oxymatrine suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of hemangioma cells through inhibition of HIF-1a signaling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:201-8. [PMID: 25816398 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015578342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), a natural quinolizidine alkaloid, has been known to have anti-inflammation, anti-anaphylaxis, and chemopreventive effects on various cancer cells. To clarify the underlying role and molecular mechanisms of OMT in human hemangioma (HA), in the present study, we examined the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in different phases of human HA. After HA derived endothelial cells (HDEC) were pretreated with different concentrations of OMT, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle distribution were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The effects of OMT on expression of HIF-1a signaling were determined by real-time PCR and western blot assays. Our results showed that, the expression of HIF-1a and VEGF was significantly increased in proliferating phase HA, but decreased in involuting phase HA. Moreover, OMT in vitro inhibited proliferative activities and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in HA cells with decreased expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, Bcl-2, and CyclinD1, and increased expression of p53. Taken together, our findings suggest that, the expression of HIF-1a and VEGF is increased in proliferating phase HA, and OMT suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in proliferative phase HA through inhibition of the HIF-1a signaling pathway, suggesting OMT may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-W Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital (Chong Ming) affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - M-K Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - X-Q Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Y-X Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - S-Q Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Z-W Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Y-B Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - J-M Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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17
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Chen WH, Lecaros RLG, Tseng YC, Huang L, Hsu YC. Nanoparticle delivery of HIF1α siRNA combined with photodynamic therapy as a potential treatment strategy for head-and-neck cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:65-74. [PMID: 25596376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy has become a major strategy in cancer treatment. We used anisamide-targeted lipid-calcium-phosphate (LCP) nanoparticles to efficiently deliver HIF1α siRNA to the cytoplasm of sigma receptor-expressing SCC4 and SAS cells that were also subjected to photodynamic therapy (PDT). HIF1α siRNA nanoparticles effectively reduced HIF1α expression, increased cell death, and significantly inhibited cell growth following photosan-mediated photodynamic therapy in cultured cells. Intravenous injection of the same nanoparticles into human SCC4 or SAS xenografted mice likewise resulted in concentrated siRNA accumulation and reduced HIF1α expression in tumor tissues. When combined with photodynamic therapy, HIF1α siRNA nanoparticles enhanced the regression in tumor size resulting in a ~40% decrease in volume after 10 days. Combination therapy was found to be substantially more effective than either HIF1α siRNA or photodynamic therapy alone. Results from caspase-3, TUNEL, and CD31 marker studies support this conclusion. Our results show the potential use of LCP nanoparticles for efficient delivery of HIF1α siRNA into tumors as part of combination therapy along with PDT in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Chen
- Graduate Program of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rumwald Leo G Lecaros
- Graduate Program of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Cheng Tseng
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Chih Hsu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liang J, Zhang Z, Liang L, Shen Y, Ouyang K. HIF-1α regulated tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell growth via regulating VEGF expression in a xenograft model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:92. [PMID: 25405167 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) regulating the cell proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHODS We used RNA interference (RNAi) technique, transfected chemically synthesized siRNA against HIF-1α into CAL-27 cells, and detected the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF by real time-PCR and Western blotting in order to find out if HIF-1α regulated the expression of VEGF. A xenograft experiment was carried out to observe the role of HIF-1α on the tumor growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expression was significantly downregulated 36 and 48 h after transfection (P<0.05); the protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was also significantly suppressed by siRNA against HIF-1α. Furthermore, intratumoraly injection of HIF-1α targeting siRNA suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α regulated VEGF expression, and they may contribute to TSCC cell tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China ; 2 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China ; 3 Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China ; 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China ; 2 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China ; 3 Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China ; 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Lizhong Liang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China ; 2 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China ; 3 Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China ; 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Yun Shen
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China ; 2 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China ; 3 Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China ; 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Kexiong Ouyang
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China ; 2 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China ; 3 Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China ; 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510140, China
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19
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Sun Y, Wang H, Liu M, Lin F, Hua J. Resveratrol abrogates the effects of hypoxia on cell proliferation, invasion and EMT in osteosarcoma cells through downregulation of the HIF-1α protein. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1975-81. [PMID: 25384583 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol has been shown to have antineoplastic effects in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of resveratrol on the hypoxia-enhanced proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of resveratrol on regulating proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells under hypoxic conditions. Saos-2 cells were cultured under controlled hypoxic conditions (3% O2) or normoxic conditions. Resveratrol (50 µM) was added in the medium, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) siRNA was used to inhibit HIF-1α transcription. Proliferation of Saos-2 cells was evaluated by the methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay. The invasive ability of Saos-2 cells was determined by a Transwell assay. HIF-1α, E-cadherin and vimentin protein levels were detected by western blot analysis. HIF-1α, E-cadherin and vimentin mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. Compared to the control group, hypoxia significantly increased the proliferation rate and invasive ability of Saos-2 cells. Moreover, hypoxia markedly increased the E-cadherin level and decreased vimentin expression. However, resveratrol or HIF-1α silencing reverted all the above effects of hypoxia in Saos-2 cells. Moreover, resveratrol inhibited HIF-1α protein accumulation without affecting the HIF-1α mRNA level. These data suggest that resveratrol can inhibit the hypoxia‑enhanced proliferation, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in osteosarcoma via downregulation of the HIF-1α protein. Thus, HIF-1α may be a promising drug target of resveratrol in the context of development of anticancer therapy for human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Fanguo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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20
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Gao Y, Jing M, Ge R, Zhou Z, Sun Y. Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1α by siRNA-induced apoptosis in human retinoblastoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:394-9. [PMID: 24860939 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, which activates the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), is an essential feature of retinoblastoma (RB) and contributes to poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapy. In this study, the effect of HIF-1α knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and apoptotic pathways of human Y-79 RB cells was first investigated. Exposure to hypoxia induced the increased expression of HIF-1α both in mRNA and protein levels. Then, knockdown of HIF-1α by siRNAHIF-1α resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in human Y-79 RB cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, with hypoxic conditions being more sensitive. Furthermore, knockdown of HIF-1α could enhance hypoxia-induced slight increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activate caspase-9 and caspase-3. These results together indicated that suppression of HIF-1α expression may be a promising strategy for the treatment of human RB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 411 Hospital of CPLA, Shanghai, 200081, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Silencing of HIF-1α enhances the radiation sensitivity of human glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. Neuropharmacology 2014; 89:168-74. [PMID: 24859610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and the incidence is increasing. Because gliomas often become resistant to radiation treatment, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic methods that are more effective and less toxic than current therapies so as to enhance patient survival and quality of life. Effective enhancement of radiation therapy for gliomas in vivo and in vitro was observed upon silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) with RNA interference; this enhancement was related to changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis that were accompanied by modulation of Cdc2, cyclin B1, and Bcl-2 expression. Our data suggest that HIF-1α silencing combined with radiation therapy will increase the therapeutic efficacy of glioma treatment via regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis-related signaling pathways.
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22
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Curry JM, Sprandio J, Cognetti D, Luginbuhl A, Bar-ad V, Pribitkin E, Tuluc M. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:217-34. [PMID: 24787294 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other supporting cells. Genetic changes in the carcinoma cells, such as alterations to TP53, NOTCH1, and specific gene expression profiles, contribute to derangements in cancer and microenvironment cells such as increased ROS, overproduction of cytokines, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs are among the most critical elements of the TME contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The adaptive immune response is suppressed in HNSCC through overexpression of cytokines, triggered apoptosis of T cells, and alterations in antigen processing machinery. Overexpression of critical cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), contributes to EMT, immune suppression, and evolution of CAFs. Inflammation and hypoxia are driving forces in angiogenesis and altered metabolism. HNSCC utilizes glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to fuel tumorigenesis via coupled mechanisms between cancer cell regions and cells of the TME. Increased understanding of the TME in HNSCC illustrates that the long-held notion of "condemned mucosa" reflects a process that extends beyond the epithelial cells to the entire tissue comprised of each of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John Sprandio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Voichita Bar-ad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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23
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Bruno A, Pagani A, Magnani E, Rossi T, Noonan DM, Cantelmo AR, Albini A. Inflammatory angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment as targets for cancer therapy and prevention. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:401-426. [PMID: 24114493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to aberrant transformed cells, tumors are tissues that contain host components, including stromal cells, vascular cells (ECs) and their precursors, and immune cells. All these constituents interact with each other at the cellular and molecular levels, resulting in the production of an intricate and heterogeneous complex of cells and matrix defined as the tumor microenvironment. Several pathways involved in these interactions have been investigated both in pathological and physiological scenarios, and diverse molecules are currently targets of chemotherapeutic and preventive drugs. Many phytochemicals and their derivatives show the ability to inhibit tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, exerting effects on the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will outline the principal players and mechanisms involved in the tumor microenvironment network and we will discuss some interesting compounds aimed at interrupting these interactions and blocking tumor insurgence and progression. The considerations provided will be crucial for the design of new preventive approaches to the reduction in cancer risk that need to be applied to large populations composed of apparently healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, MultiMedica Onlus, Milano, Italy
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24
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Irani S, Salajegheh A, Smith RA, Lam AKY. A review of the profile of endothelin axis in cancer and its management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 89:314-21. [PMID: 24035584 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelins and their associated receptors are important controllers of vascular growth, inflammation and vascular tone. In cancer, they have roles in the control of numerous factors in cancer development and progression, including angiogenesis, stromal reaction, epithelial mesenchymal transitions, apoptosis, invasion, metastases and drug resistance. Also, we consider current information on the role of this signalling system in cancer and examine the state of the current cell, animal and clinical trials utilizing endothelin targeted drugs for cancer management. Although targeting the endothelin axis in cell lines and xenografts show some promise in retarding cellular growth, results from limited clinical trials in prostatic cancer are less encouraging and did not offer significant survival benefit. The ability to target both cancer cells and vasculature via endothelin is an important consideration that necessitates the further refining of therapeutic strategies as we continue to explore the possibilities of the endothelin axis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Salajegheh
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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25
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Zheng Y, Ni Y, Huang X, Wang Z, Han W. Overexpression of HIF-1α indicates a poor prognosis in tongue carcinoma and may be associated with tumour metastasis. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1285-1289. [PMID: 23599780 PMCID: PMC3629117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the transcription factor hypoxiainducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a key role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, particularly in relation to tumour angiogenesis. Expression of the HIF-1α subunit is responsive to changes in oxygen levels. Overexpression of HIF-1α has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in a variety of malignant tumours. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the expression of HIF-1α in tongue carcinoma was associated with established clinicopathological features. Tumour specimens from 120 patients with histologically-proven, surgically-treated tongue carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemical staining for expression of HIF-1α. The mRNA levels of HIF-1α were measured in 45 fresh, paired samples of tongue carcinoma and corresponding adjacent normal tissues using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). HIF-1α was found to be frequently overexpressed in tumours in a hypoxia-independent manner. The expression of HIF-1α correlated with the five-year survival rate (P<0.01) and disease-free period (P<0.01). Increased expression of HIF-1α correlated significantly with clinical stage (P=0.002) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.034). Compared with paired normal tissues, HIF-1α mRNA levels were significantly increased in carcinoma of the tongue. A positive correlation was observed between HIF-1α mRNA levels and pathological differentiation grade. A significant difference in the levels of HIF-1α expression was detected between groups of patients with lymph node metastases and patients with no metastases. These results indicate that overexpression of HIF-1α may be an indicator of poor prognosis in carcinoma of the tongue. The expression of HIF-1α may be associated with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China ; Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
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26
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-methylation of peptides and proteins: an important element for modulating biological functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:254-69. [PMID: 23161799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Methylation is one of the simplest chemical modifications often occurring in peptides and proteins of prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. Over years of evolution, nature has employed N-methylation of peptides as an ingenious technique to modulate biological function, often as a mode of survival through the production of antibiotics. This small structural change can not only mobilize large protein complexes (as in the histone methylation), but also inhibits the action of enzymes by selective recognition of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In recent years through the advancement in synthetic approaches, the potential of N-methylation has begun to be revealed, not only in modulating biological activity and selectivity as well as pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, but also in delivering novel drugs. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Chatterjee
- Genome biology unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-Methylierung von Peptiden und Proteinen: ein wichtiges Element für die Regulation biologischer Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Yu H, Zhou X, Wen S, Xiao Q. Flagellin/TLR5 responses induce mucus hypersecretion by activating EGFR via an epithelial cell signaling cascades. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:723-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yu H, Li Q, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM, Zhou X. Regulation of cigarette smoke-mediated mucin expression by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α via epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:282-92. [PMID: 21544845 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with COPD and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional factor which can be stimulated to bind to the MUC5AC promoter and induce MUC5AC promoter activation. Previous studies have reported that activation of HIF-1α pathways by cigarette smoke contributes to the development of COPD. We hypothesize that cigarette smoke up-regulates HIF-1α production and HIF-1 activity through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activated signal cascades pathways, leading to mucin production in human airway epithelial cells (16HBE). We show that cigarette smoke increases HIF-1α production, HIF-1 activity and MUC5AC expression. These effects are prevented by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for HIF-1α, indicating that cigarette smoke-induced mucin production is HIF-1α-dependent. Cigarette smoke activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal pathways, both of which are inhibited by gefitinib (an inhibitor of EGFR), suggesting that cigarette smoke-activated signal pathways are mediated by EGFR in 16HBE cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with gefitinib and the pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) and ERK1/2 (PD98059) prevented cigarette smoke-mediated Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation responses, HIF-1α production, HIF-1 activity and MUC5AC expression. These observations demonstrate an important role for EGFR-mediated signaling pathways in regulating cigarette smoke-induced HIF-1 activation and MUC5AC expression. Our results suggest that cigarette smoke activates EGFR-mediated signaling pathways, leading to HIF-1α production and HIF-1 activation, resulting in mucin expression in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Manohar SM, Padgaonkar AA, Jalota-Badhwar A, Rao SV, Joshi KS. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, P276-00, inhibits HIF-1α and induces G2/M arrest under hypoxia in prostate cancer cells. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 15:15-27. [PMID: 22083267 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of the transcriptional response to oxygen deprivation and controls genes involved in glycolysis, angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Overexpression of HIF-1α has been demonstrated in many common human cancers. METHODS Luciferase reporter gene assay under hypoxia and normoxia was used to demonstrate transcriptional inhibition of HIF-1 by P276-00. Detailed studies such as western blotting, reverse-transcriptase-PCR and immunofluorescence were carried out to elucidate its mechanism of action. Cytotoxic potential of P276-00 under normoxia and hypoxia was determined on prostate cancer cells using CCK-8 assay, and cell-cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometry. Antiangiogenic activity of P276-00 was demonstrated by migration assay and tube-formation assay. Efficacy study of P276-00 was performed in a PC-3 xenograft model. RESULTS P276-00 inhibits transcriptional activation of HIF-1 under hypoxia. It suppressed hypoxia-mediated nuclear HIF-1α expression, as well as phosphorylation of Akt and 4E-BP1 and abrogated expression of HIF-1-inducible gene viz. vascular endothelial growth factor. Under hypoxia, P276-00 did not exhibit enhanced cytotoxic activity in prostate cancer cells but arrested them in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The tubular formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and migration of prostate cancer cells were also inhibited by P276-00 in vitro. In addition, it demonstrated significant in vivo efficacy in the PC-3 xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Given its low toxicity profile, its demonstrated antitumor activity and its potential to inhibit the HIF-1 pathway, P276-00 should be considered as antiangiogenic chemotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Manohar
- Oncology Franchisee, Cancer Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Wohlkoenig C, Leithner K, Deutsch A, Hrzenjak A, Olschewski A, Olschewski H. Hypoxia-induced cisplatin resistance is reversible and growth rate independent in lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 308:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hypoxia-inducible factors in OSCC. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:1-8. [PMID: 21959110 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a characteristic locally aggressive tumor in which hypoxia levels are very high, causing a low response to chemotherapy and providing basic resistance to anticancer drugs. Tumoral hypoxia directly depends on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). The goal of this paper is to describe HIF basic biology and tumor cells (HIF-1α, mainly), analyzing the effects of its expression in OSCC, study its relation with other molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), carbonic anhydrase (CA) or VEGF and assess the possibility of its manipulation as a therapeutic target.
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Sermeus A, Michiels C. Reciprocal influence of the p53 and the hypoxic pathways. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e164. [PMID: 21614094 PMCID: PMC3122125 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
When cells sense a decrease in oxygen availability (hypoxia), they develop adaptive responses in order to sustain this condition and survive. If hypoxia lasts too long or is too severe, the cells eventually die. Hypoxia is also known to modulate the p53 pathway, in a manner dependent or not of HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), the main transcription factor activated by hypoxia. The p53 protein is a transcription factor, which is rapidly stabilised by cellular stresses and which has a major role in the cell responses to these stresses. The aim of this review is to compile what has been reported until now about the interconnection between these two important pathways. Indeed, according to the cell line, the severity and the duration of hypoxia, oxygen deficiency influences very differently p53 protein level and activity. Conversely, p53 is also described to affect HIF-1α stability, one of the two subunits of HIF-1, and HIF-1 activity. The direct and indirect interactions between HIF-1α and p53 are described as well as the involvement in this complex network of their respective ubiquitin ligases von Hippel Lindau protein and murine double minute 2. Finally, the synergistic or antagonistic effects of p53 and HIF-1 on some important cellular pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sermeus
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur–FUNDP, Namur, Belgium
| | - C Michiels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NARILIS, University of Namur–FUNDP, Namur, Belgium
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Zhu GQ, Tang YL, Li L, Zheng M, Jiang J, Li XY, Chen SX, Liang XH. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α and hypoxia inducible factor 2α play distinct and functionally overlapping roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4732-41. [PMID: 20807755 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the functional difference between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the correlations between HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression and the clinical-pathologic characteristics of 97 patients with OSCC by immunohistochemical staining. OSCC cell lines transfected with lentivirus encoding short hairpin RNA against HIF-1α/2α were used to investigate the HIF-1α/2α-dependent target genes. Xenograft tumors in nude mice were established using cells affected by lentivirus, and tumor growth, angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured. RESULTS HIF-1α expression was significantly associated with T stage (P = 0.004), lymph node involvement (P = 0.006), histologic differentiation (P = 0.013), and microvessel density (P = 0.014), whereas that of HIF-2α was associated with T stage (P = 0.011) and microvessel density (P = 0.005). Patients with positive HIF-1α nuclear staining had a significantly worse overall survival (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001) than those with negative HIF-1α staining. When OSCC cells were cultured at 5% O(2), only HIF-2α contributed to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. At 1% O(2), vascular endothelial growth factor was regulated by both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, but glucose transporter 1, carbonic anhydrase 9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor were regulated by HIF-1α rather than by HIF-2α. Knocking down HIF-1α or HIF-2α individually inhibited the xenograft tumor angiogenesis and growth, and knocking them down simultaneously revealed a better inhibitory effect than knocking down either unit alone. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α and HIF-2α correlated with different clinical-pathologic parameters, stabilized at different oxygen levels, and regulated different genes in OSCC. However, both HIF-1α and HIF-2α showed promoting roles in tumor angiogenesis and growth, and therapeutic outcome may benefit from combined targeting of HIF-1α and HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-quan Zhu
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Huang CF, Sun ZJ, Zhao YF, Chen XM, Jia J, Zhang WF. Increased expression of peroxiredoxin 6 and cyclophilin A in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oral Dis 2010; 17:328-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Se-methylselenocysteine sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells to irinotecan by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 66:899-911. [PMID: 20066420 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxic tumor cells overexpressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) are generally resistant to chemo/radiotherapy. We have reported that Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) therapeutically enhances the efficacy and selectivity of irinotecan against human tumor xenografts. The aim of this study was to delineate the mechanism responsible for the observed efficacy targeting on HIF-1alpha and its transcriptionally regulated genes VEGF and CAIX. METHODS We investigated the mechanism of HIF-1alpha inhibition by MSC and its critical role in the therapeutic outcome by generating HIF-1alpha stable knockdown (KD) human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, FaDu by transfecting HIF-1alpha short hairpin RNA. RESULTS While cytotoxic efficacy in combination with methylselenic acid (MSA) with SN-38 (active metabolites of MSC and irinotecan) could not be confirmed in vitro against normoxic tumor cells, the hypoxic tumor cells were more sensitive to the combination. Reduction in HIF-1alpha either by MSA or shRNA knockdown resulted in significant increase in cytotoxicity of SN38 in vitro against hypoxic, but not the normoxic tumor cells. Similarly, in vivo, either MSC in combination with irinotecan treatment of parental xenografts or HIF-1alpha KD tumors treated with irinotecan alone resulted in comparable therapeutic response and increase in the long-term survival of mice bearing FaDu xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HIF-1alpha is a critical target for MSC and its inhibition was associated with enhanced antitumor activity of irinotecan. Inhibition of HIF-1alpha appeared to be mediated through stabilization of PHD2, 3 and downregulation of ROS by MSC. Thus, our findings support the development of MSC as a HIF-1alpha inhibitor in combination chemotherapy.
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Tang X, Zhang Q, Shi S, Yen Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhou K, Le AD. Bisphosphonates suppress insulin-like growth factor 1-induced angiogenesis via the HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling pathways in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 126:90-103. [PMID: 19569175 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjunctive chemotherapy with bisphosphonates has been reported to delay bone metastasis and improve overall survival in breast cancer. Aside from its antiresorptive effect, bisphosphonates exhibit antitumor activities, in vitro and in vivo, via several mechanisms, including antiangiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the antiangiogenic effect of non-nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, clodronate and pamidronate, respectively, in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 responsive human breast cancer cells. We tested whether bisphosphonates had any effects on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis that plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis, and our results showed that both pamidronate and clodronate significantly suppressed IGF-1-induced HIF-1alpha protein accumulation and VEGF expression in MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, we found that either pamidronate or clodronate did not affect mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha, but they apparently promoted the degradation of IGF-1-induced HIF-1alpha protein. Meanwhile, we found that the presence of pamidronate and clodronate led to a dose-dependent decease in the newly-synthesized HIF-1alpha protein induced by IGF-1 in breast cancer cells after proteasomal inhibition, thus, indirectly reflecting the inhibition of protein synthesis. In addition, our results indicated that the inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates on the HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis are associated with the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Consistently, we demonstrated that pamidronate and clodronate functionally abrogated both in vitro and in vivo tumor angiogenesis induced by IGF-1-stimulated MCF-7 cells. These findings have highlighted an important mechanism of the pharmacological action of bisphosphonates in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Tang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Mills CN, Joshi SS, Niles RM. Expression and function of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in human melanoma under non-hypoxic conditions. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:104. [PMID: 19919690 PMCID: PMC2781803 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein is rapidly degraded under normoxic conditions. When oxygen tensions fall HIF-1α protein stabilizes and transactivates genes involved in adaptation to hypoxic conditions. We have examined the normoxic expression of HIF-1α RNA and protein in normal human melanocytes and a series of human melanoma cell lines isolated from radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP) and metastatic (MET) melanomas. Results HIF-1α mRNA and protein was increased in RGP vs melanocytes, VGP vs RGP and MET vs VGP melanoma cell lines. We also detected expression of a HIF-1α mRNA splice variant that lacks part of the oxygen-dependent regulation domain in WM1366 and WM9 melanoma cells. Over-expression of HIF-1α and its splice variant in the RGP cell line SbCl2 resulted in a small increase in soft agar colony formation and a large increase in matrigel invasion relative to control transfected cells. Knockdown of HIF-1α expression by siRNA in the MET WM9 melanoma cell line resulted in a large decrease in both soft agar colony formation and matrigel invasion relative to cells treated with non-specific siRNA. There is a high level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in WM9 cells, indicating an activated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. Treatment of WM9 cells with 30 μM U0126 MEK inhibitor, decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and resulted in a decrease in HIF-1α expression. However, a 24 h treatment with 10 μM U0126 totally eliminated Erk1/2 phosphorylation, but did not change HIF-1alpha levels. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of MEK siRNA did not change HIF-1alpha levels. Conclusion We speculate that metabolic products of U0126 decrease HIF-1alpha expression through "off target" effects. Overall our data suggest that increased HIF-1α expression under normoxic conditions contributes to some of the malignant phenotypes exhibited by human melanoma cells. The expanded role of HIF-1α in melanoma biology increases its importance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C, Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Feng CJ, Guo JB, Jiang HW, Zhu SX, Li CY, Cheng B, Chen Y, Wang HY. Spatio-temporal localization of HIF-1α and COX-2 during irradiation-induced oral mucositis in a rat model system. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:35-45. [PMID: 17885826 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701616080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis is a common side effect of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of and the relationship between hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression and the corresponding protein levels in irradiated rat mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Sprague-Dawley rat model of irradiation-induced oral mucositis was generated. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the HIF-1alpha and COX-2 mRNA level in rat buccal mucosa exposed to a fractionated irradiation regime. The Streptavidin-Biotin-Complex method was applied to delineate the in situ localization, intensity, and distribution of both proteins. The right buccal mucosa was not irradiated and used as control tissue. RESULTS The RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that, upon irradiation, HIF-1alpha and COX-2 expression was significantly induced in the left buccal mucosa in contrast to control buccal mucosa. Based on immunohistochemical analyses, the HIF-1alpha and COX-2 level, in situ localization, and the type of cells exhibiting the highest HIF-1alpha and COX-2 amounts appear to correlate. CONCLUSIONS The expression and protein levels of HIF-1alpha and COX-2 are substantially enhanced in irradiated rat mucosa and correlate with each other and with the severity of irradiation-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Jin Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Therapeutic silencing of an endogenous gene by siRNA cream in an arthritis model mouse. Gene Ther 2009; 16:982-9. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen ZX, Velaithan R, Pervaiz S. mitoEnergetics and cancer cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:462-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen N, Chen X, Huang R, Zeng H, Gong J, Meng W, Lu Y, Zhao F, Wang L, Zhou Q. BCL-xL is a target gene regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha}. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10004-12. [PMID: 19211554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805997200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) plays pivotal roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Constitutive or hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha overexpression is observed in many types of cancers including prostate adenocarcinoma, in which it is associated with resistance to apoptosis and therapeutic agents. BCL-xL, a hypoxia-responsive, anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, is also overexpressed in prostate carcinoma and many other cancers. Despite this connection, whether BCL-xL expression is directly regulated by HIF-1alpha is not known. We used prostate cancer PC-3 cell with constitutive high HIF-1alpha level as a model to address this important question. We first generated prostate cancer PC-3 cells in which HIF-1alpha was stably knocked-down (HIF-KD) by using small interference RNA. BCL-xL was dramatically decreased in HIF-KD PC-3 cells, in parallel with sensitization to apoptosis with caspase-3 activation as well as decreased cell proliferation. We then demonstrated that HIF-1alpha directly regulated BCL-xL transcription by binding to a hypoxia-responsive element in the BCL-xL promoter (-865 to -847) by reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays. HIF-1alpha-dependent BCL-xL overexpression may be an important mechanism by which HIF-1alpha protects prostate cancer cells from apoptosis and leads to treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610041
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Ravizza R, Molteni R, Gariboldi MB, Marras E, Perletti G, Monti E. Effect of HIF-1 modulation on the response of two- and three-dimensional cultures of human colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:890-8. [PMID: 19171477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia represents a major obstacle to the success of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The discovery that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of cellular response to low oxygen led to the concept that inhibiting HIF-1 activity may sensitise hypoxic cancer cells to radiation and cytotoxic drugs. In the present study we investigate the effects of HIF-1 modulation on the response of the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116 to 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Increasing HIF-1 activity, either by exposing cells to hypoxia or by forced expression of a degradation-resistant form of HIF-1alpha, results in poor cell response to 5FU; conversely, knockdown of HIF-1alpha by RNA interference prevents hypoxia-induced resistance to 5FU. PMX290, a thioredoxin-1 inhibitor, significantly inhibits HIF-1 activity and concomitantly sensitises hypoxic cells to 5FU. These results were confirmed in HCT116 cells grown as three-dimensional spheroids, a model that more closely reproduces the hypoxic environment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Ravizza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Section of Pharmacology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
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Fan LF, Dong WG, Jiang CQ, Qian Q, Yu QF. Role of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and Survivin in colorectal carcinoma progression. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008; 23:1057-64. [PMID: 18704463 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-008-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is the main active subunit of HIF-1 that promoted tumor cells survival and critical steps in tumor progression and aggressiveness. The authors aimed to investigate the role of HIF-1 alpha and Survivin in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasmid expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HIF-1 alpha was constructed and transfected into LS174T cells with Lipofectamine. The LS174T cells were incubated for 24 h under hypoxic condition. The inhibitory effects of siRNA on HIF-1 alpha gene was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Expression of HIF-1 alpha and Survivin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenocarcinomas tissue microarrays. RESULTS HIF-1 alpha and Survivin expressions were markedly downregulated after the siRNA expression vector against HIF-1 alpha was transfected into the LS174T cells. Of the eight adenoma lesions, one case (12.25%) and four cases (50%) were positive for HIF-1 alpha and Survivin, respectively. Of the 69 cases of CRCs, 46 cases (66.7%) and 39 cases (56.5%) were positive for HIF-1 alpha and Survivin, respectively. The positive rate of HIF-1 alpha protein in CRCs was significantly higher than that in colorectal adenoma lesions (P < 0.05). HIF-1 alpha protein expression was significantly higher in patients with stage III than in patients with stage I-II CRCs (P < 0.01). In addition, overexpression of HIF-1 alpha in higher stages of CRCs was found to correlate positively with Survivin levels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that HIF-1 alpha and Survivin are mostly expressed in invasive CRCs. Inhibition of HIF-1 alpha may lead to exploration of its potential as a diagnostic tool and possibly a target for gene therapy for colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Inhibition of HIF-1alpha by the anticancer drug TAS106 enhances X-ray-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1442-52. [PMID: 18854835 PMCID: PMC2579694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that a novel anticancer drug, 1-(3-C-ethynyl-β-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (TAS106, ECyd) increased the antitumour efficacy of X-irradiation. However, its effects on hypoxic cells in tumours remain unclarified. Here, we show that TAS106 enhances the induction of apoptosis in X-irradiated human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 and MKN28 cells under hypoxia in vitro. At the same time, the accumulation of HIF-1α observed under hypoxia was shown to be decreased to the level of normoxia in the presence of 0.1 μM TAS106. To study the function of HIF-1α protein in apoptosis of hypoxic cells, we employed an HIF-1α reductive approach using its specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. The reduction of HIF-1α gene expression dramatically enhanced X-ray-induced apoptosis in hypoxic cells. In in vivo experiments in which MKN45 cells were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, TAS106 (0.5 mg kg−1) suppressed HIF-1α expression and subsequently reduced the area of the hypoxic region in the tumour and enhanced the induction of apoptosis in the hypoxic region when combined with 2 Gy of X-irradiation. These results suggest the possibility that TAS106 acts as a potent radiosensitiser through the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and can be a useful agent against radiotherapy-resistant hypoxic cells in solid tumours.
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Palayoor ST, Mitchell JB, Cerna D, Degraff W, John-Aryankalayil M, Coleman CN. PX-478, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, enhances radiosensitivity of prostate carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2430-7. [PMID: 18729192 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in human tumors is associated with poor prognosis and poor outcome to radiation therapy. Inhibition of HIF-1alpha is considered as a promising approach in cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel HIF-1alpha inhibitor PX-478 as a radiosensitizer under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro. PC3 and DU 145 prostate carcinoma cells were treated with PX-478 for 20 hr, and HIF-1alpha protein level and clonogenic cell survival were determined under normoxia and hypoxia. Effects of PX-478 on cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of H2AX histone were evaluated. PX-478 decreased HIF-1alpha protein in PC3 and DU 145 cells. PX-478 produced cytotoxicity in both cell lines with enhanced toxicity under hypoxia for DU-145. PX-478 (20 mumol/L) enhanced the radiosensitivity of PC3 cells irradiated under normoxic and hypoxic condition with enhancement factor (EF) 1.4 and 1.56, respectively. The drug was less effective in inhibiting HIF-1alpha and enhancing radiosensitivity of DU 145 cells compared to PC3 cells with EF 1.13 (normoxia) and 1.25 (hypoxia) at 50 mumol/L concentration. PX-478 induced S/G2M arrest in PC3 but not in DU 145 cells. Treatment of PC3 and DU 145 cells with the drug resulted in phosphorylation of H2AX histone and prolongation of gammaH2AX expression in the irradiated cells. PX-478 is now undergoing Phase I clinical trials as an oral agent. Although the precise mechanism of enhancement of radiosensitivity remains to be identified, this study suggests a potential role for PX-478 as a clinical radiation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeewani T Palayoor
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Faratzis G, Tsiambas E, Rapidis AD, Machaira A, Xiromeritis K, Patsouris E. VEGF and ki 67 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: An immunohistochemical and computerized image analysis study. Oral Oncol 2008; 45:584-8. [PMID: 18804402 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of ki 67 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a frequent finding in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral mucosa. The expression of VEGF and ki 67 proteins was studied in a cohort of 87 patients with primary, previously untreated SCC of the tongue, using computerized image analysis (CIA) in order to determine the potential prognostic significance of these factors. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with monoclonal anti-ki 67 (MIB 1) and anti-VEGF antibodies. A digital image analysis assay was applied for the evaluation of the results. Using CIA, VEGF over-expression was observed in 24/87 (27.5%) of the examined cases and this finding correlated to the stage of the disease (p=0.05). ki 67 was over-expressed in 49/87 (56.3%) of the cases and correlated to the size of the tumors (p=0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that there was no prognostic significance associating VEGF protein expression to survival status of the examined patients (p=0.77), whereas ki 67 over-expression was strongly correlated to poor prognosis (p=0.017). The size of the primary tumors was also strongly correlated to survival status of the patients (p=0.024), whereas stage of disease showed a borderline statistical significance (p=0.091).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Faratzis
- Department of Head and Neck/Maxillofacial Surgery, Greek Anticancer Institute, Saint Savvas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 115 22 Athens, Greece
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Zahm AM, Bucaro MA, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM, Adams CS. Oxygen tension regulates preosteocyte maturation and mineralization. Bone 2008; 43:25-31. [PMID: 18485858 PMCID: PMC2504750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen availability is a critical signal for proper development of many tissues, however there is limited knowledge of its role in the maturation of bone cells. To test the hypothesis that low pO2 regulates bone cell mineralization, MLO-A5 and MLO-Y4 cells were cultured in monolayer and three-dimensional alginate scaffolds in hypoxia (2% O2) or normoxia (20% O2). Hypoxia reduced mineralization and decreased alkaline phosphatase activity of preosteocyte-like MLO-A5 cells in both monolayer and alginate cultures. Similar changes in osteogenic activity were seen when the were subjected to chemical hypoxia. Likewise, Osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells also exhibited reduced osteogenic activity in hypoxia relative to normoxic controls. Based on these observations, it is concluded that a low pO2 decreased the mineralization potential of bone cells at both early and late stages of maturation. Since the oxemic state is transduced by the transcription factor, HIF-1alpha, experiments were performed to determine if this protein was responsible for the observed changes in mineral formation. It was noted that when HIF-1alpha was silenced, mineralization activities were not restored. Indeed, in hypoxia, in relationship to wild type controls, the mineralization potential of the knockdown cells was further reduced. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the osteogenic activity of preosteocyte-like cells is dependent on both the O2 tension and the expression of HIF-1alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Zahm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A Bucaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Vickram Srinivas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Christopher S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Abstract
Resistance of human cancers to current treatment approaches remains a major concern in oncology. Therefore, much effort has been focused on identifying molecular pathways that are responsible for primary or acquired resistance of cancers in order to overcome resistance. Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of solid tumors and usually correlates with poor prognosis. Under hypoxic conditions, cancer cells undergo a variety of adoptive changes, including the activation of signaling pathways, which promote cancer cell survival and block cell death. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 is the key transcription factor that mediates adaptation of cancer cells to the hypoxic environment. There is increasing evidence that HIF-1 promotes tumor growth, at least in part, by upregulating genes that are involved in cellular energy metabolism. Thus, HIF-1 and hypoxia-inducible genes represent attractive targets for the design of molecular targeted therapies, which may offer new therapeutic options for a wide range of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- a University Children's Hospital, Eythstr. 24, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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Liu SY, Chang LC, Pan LF, Hung YJ, Lee CH, Shieh YS. Clinicopathologic significance of tumor cell-lined vessel and microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2008; 44:277-85. [PMID: 17475541 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be vascularized through a process called "tumor cell-lined vessels". Currently, the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized as hypoxic and orchestrated largely by inflammatory cells and defective blood vessels, is considered an important participant in the neoplastic process. We sought to determine their clinicopathologic significance and prognostic implication in oral SCC. Vascular structure was investigated by multistaining with pan-cytokeratin, CD34, and alpha-smooth actin/type IV collagen. Immunohistochemical staining of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and CD68 was used to reflect hypoxia and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Our results showed that in a high percentage of vessels in cancer tissue. There is absence of pericyte coverage and loss of basement membrane lining. Significant association between the integrity of vascular structure and lymph node involvement and presence of tumor cell-lined vessel was found. HIF-1 alpha overexpression was frequently observed in cancer cells (78/112) and correlated with tumor progress index. In cancer tissues, the TAM ranged from 28 to 296 cells/mm2 with a mean of 144.6+/-64.3 cells/mm2. There was a significant correlation between TAM and lymph node involvement (P=0.004) and tumor size (P=0.004). Also, a close association was found between TAM count and integrity of vascular structure. In addition, survival analysis revealed that tumor cell-lined vessels (P=0.001), HIF-1 alpha expression (P=0.004), and TAM (P=0.001) correlated significantly with poor survival. We conclude that in the cancer microenvironment, HIF-1 alpha expression and the TAM are induced and contributed to malignant behavior of tumor cells. Furthermore, the presence of tumor cell-lined vessel, HIF-1 alpha overexpression, and high TAM could be the potential markers of prognosis for patients with oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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