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Holloway PL, Ravichandran A, Clegg J, Bruedigam C, Bray LJ. Modeling Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using StarPEG-Heparin Hydrogels. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2764:61-73. [PMID: 38393589 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3674-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic semi-synthetic hydrogels formed from a combination of star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG) and the glycosaminoglycan, heparin, allows for the three-dimensional (3D) culture of various cells and tissues. In this chapter, we describe methods for the use of starPEG-heparin hydrogels to cultivate primary and immortalized human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The resulting 3D culture models allow for the study of AML development and response to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lewen Holloway
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Julien Clegg
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Claudia Bruedigam
- Cancer Program, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Miari KE, Williams MTS. Stromal bone marrow fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells support acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promote therapy resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:216-237. [PMID: 36609915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult haematopoiesis, where stromal elements (e.g. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) work in concert to support blood cell development. However, the establishment of an abnormal clone can lead to a blood malignancy, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Despite our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patient survival remains suboptimal, mainly driven by the development of therapy resistance. In this review, we highlight the importance of bone marrow fibroblasts and MSCs in health and acute myeloid leukaemia and their impact on patient prognosis. We discuss how stromal elements reduce the killing effects of therapies via a combination of contact-dependent (e.g. integrins) and contact-independent (i.e. secreted factors) mechanisms, accompanied by the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, we underline the challenges of therapeutically targeting the bone marrow stroma to improve acute myeloid leukaemia patient outcomes, due to the inherent heterogeneity of stromal cell populations. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina E Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark T S Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Aasebø E, Birkeland E, Selheim F, Berven F, Brenner AK, Bruserud Ø. The Extracellular Bone Marrow Microenvironment-A Proteomic Comparison of Constitutive Protein Release by In Vitro Cultured Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010062. [PMID: 33379263 PMCID: PMC7795818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Normal blood cells are formed in the bone marrow by a process called hematopoiesis. This process is supported by a network of non-hematopoietic cells including connective tissue cells, blood vessel cells and bone-forming cells. However, these cells can also support the growth of cancer cells, i.e., hematological malignancies (e.g., leukemias) and cancers that arise in another organ and spread to the bone marrow. Two of these cancer-supporting normal cells are bone-forming osteoblasts and a subset of connective tissue cells called mesenchymal stem cells. One mechanism for their cancer support is the release of proteins that support cancer cell proliferation and progression of the cancer disease. Our present study shows that both these normal cells release a wide range of proteins that support cancer cells, and inhibition of this protein-mediated cancer support may become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts are bone marrow stromal cells that contribute to the formation of stem cell niches and support normal hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis and development of metastases from distant cancers. This support is mediated through cell–cell contact, release of soluble mediators and formation of extracellular matrix. By using a proteomic approach, we characterized the protein release by in vitro cultured human MSCs (10 donors) and osteoblasts (nine donors). We identified 1379 molecules released by these cells, including 340 proteins belonging to the GO-term Extracellular matrix. Both cell types released a wide range of functionally heterogeneous proteins including extracellular matrix molecules (especially collagens), several enzymes and especially proteases, cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules, but also several intracellular molecules including chaperones, cytoplasmic mediators, histones and non-histone nuclear molecules. The levels of most proteins did not differ between MSCs and osteoblasts, but 82 proteins were more abundant for MSC (especially extracellular matrix proteins and proteases) and 36 proteins more abundant for osteoblasts. Finally, a large number of exosomal proteins were identified. To conclude, MSCs and osteoblasts show extracellular release of a wide range of functionally diverse proteins, including several extracellular matrix molecules known to support cancer progression (e.g., metastases from distant tumors, increased relapse risk for hematological malignancies), and the large number of identified exosomal proteins suggests that exocytosis is an important mechanism of protein release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Frode Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.B.); (F.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +47-5597-2997
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Proteomic Profiling of Primary Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Does Not Reflect Their Constitutive Release of Soluble Mediators. Proteomes 2018; 7:proteomes7010001. [PMID: 30577422 PMCID: PMC6473519 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease, and communication between leukemic cells and their neighboring leukemia-supporting normal cells is involved in leukemogenesis. The bone marrow cytokine network is therefore important, and the mediator release profile seems more important than single mediators. It is not known whether the characterization of primary AML cell proteomes reflects the heterogeneity of the broad and dynamic constitutive mediator release profile by these cells. To address this, we compared the intracellular levels of 41 proteins in 19 AML patients with the constitutive extracellular release during in vitro culture, including chemokines, growth factors, proteases, and protease regulators. The constitutive release of most mediators showed a wide variation (up to 2000-fold differences) between patients. Detectable intracellular levels were seen for 10 of 41 mediators, but for most of these 10 mediators we could not detect significant correlations between the constitutive release during in vitro culture and their intracellular levels. Intracellular protein levels in primary human AML cells do not reflect the dynamics, capacity, and variation between patients in constitutive mediator release profiles. Measurements of these profiles thus add complementary information to proteomic detection/quantification regarding the heterogeneity of the AML cell contributions to the bone marrow cytokine network.
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Bruserud Ø, Aasebø E, Hernandez-Valladares M, Tsykunova G, Reikvam H. Therapeutic targeting of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia - the biological background for possible strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1053-1065. [PMID: 28748730 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1356818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy, caused by the accumulation of immature leukemic blasts in blood and bone marrow. There is a relatively high risk of chemoresistant relapse even for the younger patients who can receive the most intensive antileukemic treatment. Treatment directed against the remaining leukemic and preleukemic stem cells will most likely reduce the risk of later relapse. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches. The authors searched for original articles and recent reviews describing (i) the characteristics of leukemic/preleukemic stem cells; (ii) the importance of the bone marrow stem cell niches in leukemogenesis; and (iii) possible therapeutic strategies to target the preleukemic/leukemic stem cells. Expert opinion: Leukemia relapse/progression seems to be derived from residual chemoresistant leukemic or preleukemic stem cells, and a more effective treatment directed against these cells will likely be important to improve survival both for patients receiving intensive treatment and leukemia-stabilizing therapy. Several possible strategies are now considered, including the targeting of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, proapoptotic intracellular signaling, cell metabolism, telomere activity and the AML-supporting effects by neighboring stromal cells. Due to disease heterogeneity, the most effective stem cell-directed therapy will probably differ between individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- a Division of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,c Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- b Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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In Vitro Characterization of Valproic Acid, ATRA, and Cytarabine Used for Disease-Stabilization in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Antiproliferative Effects of Drugs on Endothelial and Osteoblastic Cells and Altered Release of Angioregulatory Mediators by Endothelial Cells. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2014; 2014:143479. [PMID: 24527217 PMCID: PMC3910457 DOI: 10.1155/2014/143479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), the retinoic acid receptor- α agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase- α inhibitor cytarabine (Ara-C) is now considered for disease-stabilizing treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemogenesis and leukemia cell chemoresistance seem to be supported by neighbouring stromal cells in the bone marrow, and we have therefore investigated the effects of these drugs on primary human endothelial cells and the osteoblastic Cal72 cell line. The results show that VPA and Ara-C have antiproliferative effects, and the antiproliferative/cytotoxic effect of Ara-C was seen at low concentrations corresponding to serum levels found during low-dose in vivo treatment. Furthermore, in functional assays of endothelial migration and tube formation VPA elicited an antiangiogenic effect, whereas ATRA elicited a proangiogenic effect. Finally, VPA and ATRA altered the endothelial cell release of angiogenic mediators; ATRA increased levels of CXCL8, PDGF-AA, and VEGF-D, while VPA decreased VEGF-D and PDGF-AA/BB levels and both drugs reduced MMP-2 levels. Several of these mediators can enhance AML cell proliferation and/or are involved in AML-induced bone marrow angiogenesis, and direct pharmacological effects on stromal cells may thus indirectly contribute to the overall antileukemic activity of this triple drug combination.
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The chemokine network in acute myelogenous leukemia: molecular mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis and therapeutic implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 341:149-72. [PMID: 20376612 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a bone marrow disease in which the leukemic cells show constitutive release of a wide range of CCL and CXCL chemokines and express several chemokine receptors. The AML cell release of various chemokines is often correlated and three release clusters have been identified: CCL2-4/CXCL1/8, CCL5/CXCL9-11, and CCL13/17/22/24/CXCL5. CXCL8 is the chemokine usually released at highest levels. Based on their overall constitutive release profile, patients can be classified into distinct subsets that differ in their T cell chemotaxis towards the leukemic cells. The release profile is modified by hypoxia, differentiation status, pharmacological interventions, and T cell cytokine responses. The best investigated single chemokine in AML is CXCL12 that binds to CXCR4. CXCL12/CXCR4 is important in leukemogenesis through regulation of AML cell migration, and CXCR4 expression is an adverse prognostic factor for patient survival after chemotherapy. Even though AML cells usually release high levels of several chemokines, there is no general increase of serum chemokine levels in these patients and the levels are also influenced by patient age, disease status, chemotherapy regimen, and complicating infections. However, serum CXCL8 levels seem to partly reflect the leukemic cell burden in AML. Specific chemokine inhibitors are currently being developed, although redundancy and pleiotropy of the chemokine system are obstacles in drug development.
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Pramanik K, Trüpschuch S, Greiner A, Ruthardt M, Henschler R, Müller AM. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived stroma cell line DAS104-4 induces differentiation of leukemic cells. Leuk Res 2007; 32:781-9. [PMID: 17980910 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While critical steps in the regulation of leukemia cell development have been intensively studied in recent years, less is known about the interactions of leukemic cells with their stroma. Previously, we have shown that human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells differentiate upon injection into murine blastocysts. We here describe that human AML Kasumi-1 cells, cocultured with murine aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region-derived DAS104-4 stromal cells, decrease proliferation and colony formation efficiency; and up-regulate myelo-monocytic cell surface markers. Gene expression analysis showed decreased transcription of the AML1-ETO fusion gene and increased transcription of p16 (INK4A), p21 (WAF1) and C/EBPalpha genes. Coculture can induce myeloid differentiation also in patient-derived AML cells. Our findings strengthen the notion that the embryonic milieu can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallal Pramanik
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung (MSZ), Universität Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Release of angiopoietin-1 by primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells is associated with mutations of nucleophosmin, increased by bone marrow stromal cells and possibly antagonized by high systemic angiopoietin-2 levels. Leukemia 2007; 22:287-93. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Stapnes C, Døskeland AP, Hatfield K, Ersvaer E, Ryningen A, Lorens JB, Gjertsen BT, Bruserud O. The proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and PR-171 have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on primary human acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:814-28. [PMID: 17341267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors represent a new class of antineoplastic drugs that are considered in the treatment of haematological malignancies. We compared the effects of the reversible proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) and the epoxomicin derivative PR-171, an irreversible inhibitor, on primary human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. Both drugs inhibited autocrine- and cytokine-dependent proliferation of primary AML blasts when tested at nanomolar levels (0.1-100 nmol/l). The antiproliferative effect was independent of basal chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity (showing a 20-fold variation between patients), genetic abnormalities, morphological differentiation and CD34 expression when testing a large group of consecutive patients (n = 54). The effect was retained in cocultures with bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, both drugs enhanced apoptosis. The effect of PR-171 could be detected at lower concentrations than for bortezomib, especially when testing the influence on clonogenic AML cell proliferation. Both drugs had divergent effects on AML cells' constitutive cytokine release. Furthermore, both drugs caused a decrease in proliferation and viability when tested in combination with idarubicin or cytarabine. An antiproliferative effect on primary human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells was also detected. We conclude that nanomolar levels of the proteasome inhibitors tested had dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on primary AML cells in vitro.
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11
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Ersvaer E, Skavland J, Ulvestad E, Gjertsen BT, Bruserud Ø. Effects of interferon gamma on native human acute myelogenous leukaemia cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:13-24. [PMID: 16612597 PMCID: PMC11030278 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T cell targeting immunotherapy is now considered a possible strategy in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), and IFNgamma release may then contribute to the antileukaemic effects. We investigated the effects of IFNgamma on native human AML cells. Normal T cells could be activated to release IFNgamma in the presence of AML cells. Furthermore, high levels of CD119 (IFNgamma receptor alpha chain) expression were observed for all 39 patients examined. Receptor expression was decreased after exposure to exogenous IFNgamma, and receptor ligation caused Stat1 phosphorylation but no phosphorylation of the alternative messengers Erk1/2. The effect of exogenous IFNgamma on AML blast proliferation was dependent on the local cytokine network and IFNgamma (1) inhibited proliferation in the presence of exogenous IL1beta, GM-CSF, G-CSF and SCF; (2) had divergent effects in the presence of IL3 and Flt3 (65 patients examined); (3) inhibited proliferation in the presence of endothelial cells but had divergent effects in the presence of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and normal stromal cells (65 patients examined). IFNgamma increased stress-induced (spontaneous) in vitro apoptosis as well as cytarabine-induced apoptosis only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, IFNgamma decreased the release of proangiogenic CXCL8 and increased the release of antiangiogenic CXCL9-11. We conclude that IFNgamma can be released in the presence of native human AML cells and affect AML cell proliferation, regulation of apoptosis and the balance between pro- and antiangiogenic chemokine release.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CXCL9
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-3/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Ersvaer
- Institute of Medicine, Section for Hematology, The University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Hatfield K, Ryningen A, Corbascio M, Bruserud O. Microvascular endothelial cells increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2313-21. [PMID: 16921487 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and neighbouring endothelial cells in the bone marrow seem important both for disease development and susceptibility to chemotherapy. We investigated the effects of soluble mediators released by microvascular endothelial cells on native human AML cells. AML cells derived from 33 patients were cocultured with microvascular endothelial cells, separated by a semipermeable membrane. We investigated the effect of coculture on AML cell proliferation, viability/apoptosis and cytokine release. Coculture increased AML cell proliferation, and this growth enhancement included the clonogenic leukemia cell subset. Increased release of several soluble mediators was also detected (interleukin 3, interleukin 6, granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors) in cocultures. Our cytokine neutralization experiments suggest that an intercellular crosstalk involving several soluble mediators contribute to the increased leukemia cell proliferation. The presence of endothelial cells had an additional antiapoptotic effect on the AML cells. The endothelial cells did not have any growth-enhancing effect on native human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Our in vitro results suggest that the release of soluble mediators by microvascular endothelial cells supports leukemic hematopoiesis through paracrine mechanisms by direct enhancement of AML blast proliferation and by inhibition of leukemic cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Hatfield
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Medicine, The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Olsnes AM, Motorin D, Ryningen A, Zaritskey AY, Bruserud Ø. T lymphocyte chemotactic chemokines in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): local release by native human AML blasts and systemic levels of CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL5 (RANTES) and CCL17 (TARC). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:830-40. [PMID: 16267679 PMCID: PMC11030695 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T cell targeting immunotherapy is now considered in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and local recruitment of antileukemic T cells to the AML microcompartment will then be essential. This process is probably influenced by both intravascular as well as extravascular levels of T cell chemotactic chemokines. We observed that native human AML cells usually showed constitutive secretion of the chemotactic chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5, whereas CCL17 was only released for a subset of patients and at relatively low levels. Coculture of AML cells with nonleukemic stromal cells (i.e., fibroblasts, osteoblasts) increased CXCL10 and CCL17 levels whereas CCL5 levels were not altered. However, a wide variation between patients in both CXCL10 and CCL5 levels persisted even in the presence of the stromal cells. Neutralization of CXCL10 and CCL5 inhibited T cell migration in the presence of native human AML cells. Furthermore, serum CCL17 and CXCL10 levels varied between AML patients and were determined by disease status (both chemokines) as well as patient age, chemotherapy and complicating infections (only CCL17). Thus, extravascular as well as intravascular levels of T cell chemotactic chemokines show a considerable variation between patients that may be important for T cell recruitment and the effects of antileukemic T cell reactivity in local AML compartments.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Burkitt Lymphoma/blood
- Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Burkitt Lymphoma/physiopathology
- Cell Communication
- Chemokine CCL17
- Chemokine CCL5
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/blood
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Female
- Fibroblasts/physiology
- Humans
- Infections/complications
- Infections/physiopathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/physiopathology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/blood
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Stromal Cells/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Marta Olsnes
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dmitri Motorin
- BMT Clinic and Faculty Therapy Chamber, Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Centre for Medical Studies, Moscow, Department Group for Laboratory Medicine, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Ryningen
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrey Y. Zaritskey
- BMT Clinic and Faculty Therapy Chamber, Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Division for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital and The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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