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Pathak AK, Husain N, Kant S, Bala L. Reflection of p53 phenotype in tumor tissue by genotypic variants in glutathione S-transferases: An association with DNA damage in lung adenocarcinoma. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Albarakati N, Khayyat D, Dallol A, Al-Maghrabi J, Nedjadi T. The prognostic impact of GSTM1/GSTP1 genetic variants in bladder Cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:991. [PMID: 31646988 PMCID: PMC6813104 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of phase II detoxifying enzymes that inactivates a wide variety of potential carcinogens through glutathione conjugation. Polymorphic changes in the GST genes have been reported to be associated with increased susceptibility to cancer development and anticancer drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the association between genetic variants in GSTM1 and GSTP1 and patients’ clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic values of such associations were evaluated among bladder cancer patients. Methods Genotyping of GSTM1 and GSTP1 in bladder cancer patients was assessed using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multiple logistic regression and correlation analysis were performed. Results The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with poor overall survival compared with the wild-type GSTM1 genotype. There was a trend towards better overall survival in patients with wild-type GSTP1 allele (AA) compared with GSTP1 (AG/GG) genotype. Interestingly, Kaplan-meier survival curve for GSTM1 null patients adjusted for sub-cohort with amplified HER2 gene showed poor survival compared with the GSTM1 null/ non-amplified HER2 gene. Also the same population when adjusted with HER2 protein expression, data showed poor survival for patients harboring GSTM1 null/high HER2 protein expression compared with low protein expression. Conclusion This study focuses on the impact of GSTM1 null genotype on bladder cancer patients’ outcome. Further investigations are required to delineate the underlying mechanisms of combined GSTM−/− and HER2 status in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Albarakati
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dareen Khayyat
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asharf Dallol
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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O'Brien KM, Orlow I, Antonescu CR, Ballman K, McCall L, Dematteo R, Engel LS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a case-only analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and somatic mutations. Clin Sarcoma Res 2013; 3:12. [PMID: 24159917 PMCID: PMC3827940 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3329-3-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare soft tissue sarcomas that typically develop from mesenchymal cells with acquired gain-in-function mutations in KIT or PDGFRA oncogenes. These somatic mutations have been well-characterized, but little is known about inherited genetic risk factors. Given evidence that certain susceptibility loci and carcinogens are associated with characteristic mutations in other cancers, we hypothesized that these signature KIT or PDGFRA mutations may be similarly fundamental to understanding gastrointestinal stromal tumor etiology. Therefore, we examined associations between 522 single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven KIT or PDGFRA tumor mutations types. Candidate pathways included dioxin response, toxin metabolism, matrix metalloproteinase production, and immune and inflammatory response. Methods We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between each candidate SNP and tumor mutation type in 279 individuals from a clinical trial of adjuvant imatinib mesylate. We used sequence kernel association tests to look for pathway-level associations. Results One variant, rs1716 on ITGAE, was significantly associated with KIT exon 11 non-codon 557–8 deletions (odds ratio = 2.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.71-4.78) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Other noteworthy associations included rs3024498 (IL10) and rs1050783 (F13A1) with PDGFRA mutations, rs2071888 (TAPBP) with wild type tumors and several matrix metalloproteinase SNPs with KIT exon 11 codon 557–558 deletions. Several pathways were strongly associated with somatic mutations in PDGFRA, including defense response (p = 0.005) and negative regulation of immune response (p = 0.01). Conclusions This exploratory analysis offers novel insights into gastrointestinal stromal tumor etiology and provides a starting point for future studies of genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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TERT promoter mutations in bladder cancer affect patient survival and disease recurrence through modification by a common polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17426-31. [PMID: 24101484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310522110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, an important element of telomerase expression, has emerged as a target of cancer-specific mutations. Originally described in melanoma, the mutations in TERT promoter have been shown to be common in certain other tumor types that include glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer. To fully define the occurrence and effect of the TERT promoter mutations, we investigated tumors from a well-characterized series of 327 patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder. The somatic mutations, mainly at positions -124 and -146 bp from ATG start site that create binding motifs for E-twenty six/ternary complex factors (Ets/TCF), affected 65.4% of the tumors, with even distribution across different stages and grades. Our data showed that a common polymorphism rs2853669, within a preexisting Ets2 binding site in the TERT promoter, acts as a modifier of the effect of the mutations on survival and tumor recurrence. The patients with the mutations showed poor survival in the absence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-4.70] but not in the presence (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-1.01) of the variant allele of the polymorphism. The mutations in the absence of the variant allele were highly associated with the disease recurrence in patients with Tis, Ta, and T1 tumors (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.11-3.08). The TERT promoter mutations are the most common somatic lesions in bladder cancer with clinical implications. The association of the mutations with patient survival and disease recurrence, subject to modification by a common polymorphism, can be a unique putative marker with individualized prognostic potential.
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O'Brien KM, Orlow I, Antonescu CR, Ballman K, McCall L, DeMatteo R, Engel LS. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, somatic mutations and candidate genetic risk variants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62119. [PMID: 23637977 PMCID: PMC3630216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare but treatable soft tissue sarcomas. Nearly all GISTs have somatic mutations in either the KIT or PDGFRA gene, but there are no known inherited genetic risk factors. We assessed the relationship between KIT/PDGFRA mutations and select deletions or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 279 participants from a clinical trial of adjuvant imatinib mesylate. Given previous evidence that certain susceptibility loci and carcinogens are associated with characteristic mutations, or "signatures" in other cancers, we hypothesized that the characteristic somatic mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes in GIST tumors may similarly be mutational signatures that are causally linked to specific mutagens or susceptibility loci. As previous epidemiologic studies suggest environmental risk factors such as dioxin and radiation exposure may be linked to sarcomas, we chose 208 variants in 39 candidate genes related to DNA repair and dioxin metabolism or response. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each variant and 7 categories of tumor mutation using logistic regression. We also evaluated gene-level effects using the sequence kernel association test (SKAT). Although none of the association p-values were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons, SNPs in CYP1B1 were strongly associated with KIT exon 11 codon 557-8 deletions (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.9 for rs2855658 and OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.7 for rs1056836) and wild type GISTs (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-4.8 for rs1800440 and OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9 for rs1056836). CYP1B1 was also associated with these mutations categories in the SKAT analysis (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Other potential risk variants included GSTM1, RAD23B and ERCC2. This preliminary analysis of inherited genetic risk factors for GIST offers some clues about the disease's genetic origins and provides a starting point for future candidate gene or gene-environment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. O'Brien
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karla Ballman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Linda McCall
- American College of Surgeons Oncology Group, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ronald DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sharma VK, Glick J, Vouros P. Reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for separation, sequencing and mapping of sites of base modification of isomeric oligonucleotide adducts using monolithic column. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1245:65-74. [PMID: 22652552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, an efficient high resolution reversed phase-ion pairing-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-IP-LC-MS/MS) method for separation of isomeric modified oligonucleotides using a polymeric (styrene-divinylbenzene) monolithic capillary column is presented. The effects of different ion pairing reagents (IPR), their concentration, mobile phase additives and conditions were evaluated towards achieving the highest possible resolution and chromatographic separation of isomeric oligonucleotides. Ion pairing reagents and mobile phase conditions were evaluated using as model N-acetylaminofluorene [AAF] adducted ss-oligonucleotides (CCC CGA GCA ATC TCA AT). The optimized mobile phase conditions were then applied for the mapping of sites of base modification of AAF adducted 15-base pair oligonucleotide fragments containing codon 135 of the p53 gene and for profiling a complex synthetic oligonucleotide mixture. The optimized method utilizes a monolithic poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) capillary column, triethylammonium bicarbonate as ion pairing reagent and methanol as organic modifier to perform IP-RPLC-ESI-MS/MS separation. The results show that the method is simultaneously applicable not only to oligonucleotide fragments adducted separately by different carcinogens but also to the analysis of multiple adducts in the same oligonucleotide fragment in a single experiment. The method presents itself as a tool for the identification, characterization and mapping of oligonucleotide adducts as biomarkers for DNA damage from carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kakehi Y, Hirao Y, Kim WJ, Ozono S, Masumori N, Miyanaga N, Nasu Y, Yokomizo A. Bladder Cancer Working Group Report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40 Suppl 1:i57-64. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gao W, Romkes M, Zhong S, Nukui T, Persad RA, Smith PJB, Branch R, Keohavong P. Genetic polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XPD and XRCC1, p53 gene mutations and bladder cancer risk. Oncol Rep 2010; 24:257-62. [PMID: 20514470 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that certain genetic polymorphisms, specifically the Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene codon 751 and the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene codon 399 polymorphisms, were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, and, in some studies, with a greater risk for mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in lung tumors. To evaluate whether these gene polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk for bladder cancer or in association with p53 mutation status in bladder tumors, we screened for polymorphisms at XPD codons 751 and XRCC1 codon 399 in DNA isolated from blood of 194 bladder cancer patients and 313 healthy controls and for mutations in exons 4 to 8 of the p53 gene in bladder tumor DNA from 174 bladder cancer patients. There was a significantly higher prevalence of the XPD 751 Gln allele among the bladder cancer group, compared with the control group. No association was found between bladder cancer risk and the XRCC1 399 polymorphism. p53 mutations were found in 20.1% (35/174) patients. There was no difference in p53 mutation status among individuals with different genotypes. These results suggest that individuals who have the XPD 751 Gln allele may be at an increased risk for bladder cancer, although this may not lead to an increased risk for mutations in the p53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Gao
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) and Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Ouerhani S, Rouissi K, Kourda N, Marrakchi R, Bougatef K, Riadh Ben Slama M, Sfaxi M, Chebil M, Ben Jilani S, Benammar Elgaaied A. Combined analysis of smoking, TP53, and FGFR3 mutations in Tunisian patients with invasive and superficial high-grade bladder tumors. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:998-1007. [PMID: 19909015 DOI: 10.3109/07357900902849707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In our cohort, FGFR3 mutations were detected in 31.1% of bladder tumors and are associated with lower stage and grade. Concerning TP53, 62 mutations were found in tumors from 44 cases (48.88%) and are associated with advanced forms. The combined analysis of FGFR3 and TP53 mutations in our cohort showed an independent distribution. In addition, we have reported that FGFR3 mutations spectrum depends on the intensity of tobacco use (pack years: PY). Finally, we have found that the FGFR3wt/TP53mut genotype, which was associated with advanced bladder tumors; was overrepresented in light smokers (PY < 40) compared to nonsmoker patients (p =.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Genetic, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Mannar I, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To understand the molecular mechanisms of bladder carcinogenesis in relation to environmental carcinogens in order to provide a given population with a preventive value of bladder cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Cigarette smoking, aromatic amines contained in dyes, chronic inflammation due to infection such as schistosomiasis, anticancer drugs, drug abuse of analgesic, and radiation are considered as well known risk factors of bladder cancer. Several environmental factors are supposed to be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and patient's prognosis in bladder cancer. On the basis of the results of recent genetic studies in relation to bladder carcinogenesis, several genetic polymorphisms of detoxification or DNA repair such as N-acetyltransferase 2, glutathione S-transferases, and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 give us important information in relation to environmental risk factors and ethnic differences for predicting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. SUMMARY Prevention of environmental carcinogens is important from the viewpoint of the social and clinical problems since elucidation of the correlation between epidemiologic and genetic phenomenon enable us to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of bladder cancer patients.
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Sanyal S, De Verdier PJ, Steineck G, Larsson P, Onelöv E, Hemminki K, Kumar R. Polymorphisms in XPD, XPC and the risk of death in patients with urinary bladder neoplasms. Acta Oncol 2009; 46:31-41. [PMID: 17438703 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600812693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a follow-up study on 311 patients with urinary bladder neoplasms to investigate the association of polymorphisms in DNA repair and cell growth regulatory genes with the clinical outcomes of this disease. We found that patients carrying the variant allele of XPD (K751Q) polymorphism were at lower risk of death (p = 0.04) than the noncarriers. Patients that were simultaneous carriers of variant alleles from XPD (K751Q) and XPC (K939Q) polymorphisms, showed lower risk of death than the other patients (p = 0.001). The variant allele carriers of MSH6 (G39E) polymorphism showed a higher risk for highly malignant disease (TaG3 +T1) than the non-carriers (p = 0.03). The variant allele carriers of XRCC1 (R399Q) polymorphism showed lower risk for recurrence (TaG2; p = 0.05) and death (T2+; p = 0.03) after instillation and radiotherapy than the non-carriers. After radiotherapy, an inverse association of the variant allele of OGG1 (S326C) polymorphism was observed with the risk of death (T2 +; p = 0.04). A significant low-risk for stage progression (p = 0.03) was observed in patients carrying the variant allele of H-ras (H27H) polymorphism. Our results are consistent with the notion that the XPD (K751Q) polymorphism either individually or in combination with the XPC (K939Q) polymorphism modulates the risk of death in patients with urinary bladder neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Sanyal
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Malats N. Genetic epidemiology of bladder cancer: scaling up in the identification of low-penetrance genetic markers of bladder cancer risk and progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009:131-40. [PMID: 18815927 DOI: 10.1080/03008880802285172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is an increasingly important international public health problem. As a multifactorial disease, both environmental and genetic factors are involved in its development and progression. This neoplasm is a paradigm for the participation of low-penetrance genetic variants (GSTM1-null and NAT2-slow) and provides the best established gene-environment interaction in cancer (NAT2-slow * tobacco). Genetic variants in nucleotide excision and double strand break DNA repair pathways have provided promising results, ERCC2-XPD rs238406 being the most consistent variant associated with an increased of bladder cancer risk, by itself and by interacting with tobacco. Variants in other pathways such as cell-cycle control, 1-C metabolism and inflammation have been studied, although the results are inconsistent. Three very large whole genome association studies are being undertaken using the same genotyping platform. Their results will be available soon. Genetic variants have seldom been considered as markers of prognosis or response to therapy in this tumour. The results of these studies are inconclusive. Other issues that need to be addressed are the role of genetic variants in different population subgroups--defined by ethnicity, gender and age, among others--and the association with bladder cancer subphenotypes according to clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of the tumour. This endeavour can only be achieved by integrating multidisciplinary tools and information. Can this information be applied better to identify high-risk populations? Can the information be used to better assess prognosis or predict response to therapy? These questions require large, well-designed, multicentre studies to be conducted. Funding agencies should be aware of these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim WJ, Kim YJ. Can We Use Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Runt Domain Transcription Factor 3 Methylation as Tumor Markers for Bladder Cancer? Korean J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2009.50.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Association between polymorphisms in the biometabolism genes CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in bladder cancer. Clin Exp Med 2008; 9:21-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-008-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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George B, Datar RH, Wu L, Cai J, Patten N, Beil SJ, Groshen S, Stein J, Skinner D, Jones PA, Cote RJ. p53Gene and Protein Status: The Role ofp53Alterations in Predicting Outcome in Patients With Bladder Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:5352-8. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.10.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe p53 gene status (mutation) and protein alterations (nuclear accumulation detectable by immunohistochemistry; p53 protein status) are associated with bladder cancer progression. Substantial discordance is documented between the p53 protein and gene status, yet no studies have examined the relationship between the gene-protein status and clinical outcome. This study evaluated the clinical relationship of the p53 gene and protein statuses.Materials and MethodsThe complete coding region of the p53 gene was queried using DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues and employing a p53 gene–sequencing chip. We compared p53 gene status, mutation site, and protein status with time to recurrence.ResultsThe p53 gene and protein statuses show significant concordance, yet 35% of cases showed discordance. Exon 5 mutations demonstrated a wild-type protein status in 18 of 22 samples. Both the p53 gene and protein statuses were significantly associated with stage and clinical outcome. Specific mutation sites were associated with clinical outcome; tumors with exon 5 mutations showed the same outcome as those with the wild-type gene. Combining the p53 gene and protein statuses stratifies patients into three distinct groups, based on recurrence-free intervals: patients showing the best outcome (wild-type gene and unaltered protein), an intermediate outcome (either a mutated gene or an altered protein) and the worst outcome (a mutated gene and an altered protein).ConclusionWe show that evaluation of both the p53 gene and protein statuses provides information in assessing the clinical recurrence risk in bladder cancer and that the specific mutation site may be important in assessing recurrence risk. These findings may substantially impact the assessment of p53 alterations and the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben George
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Ram H. Datar
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Lin Wu
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Jie Cai
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Nancy Patten
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Stephen J. Beil
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Susan Groshen
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - John Stein
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Donald Skinner
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Peter A. Jones
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
| | - Richard J. Cote
- From the Departments of Pathology, Urology, Preventive Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles; and Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA
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Sanyal S, Ryk C, De Verdier PJ, Steineck G, Larsson P, Onelöv E, Hemminki K, Kumar R. Polymorphisms in NQO1 and the clinical course of urinary bladder neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 41:182-90. [PMID: 17469025 DOI: 10.1080/00365590600991946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Urinary bladder neoplasms differ considerably in biological potential, and tumor morphology alone cannot predict their clinical behaviors. Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolic genes reportedly modulate susceptibility to bladder neoplasms and may affect the clinical course and outcomes of the disease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of polymorphisms in the xenobiotic metabolic genes on the disease course and clinical outcomes of urinary bladder neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with urinary bladder neoplasms who had been followed up for a 5-year period were genotyped for NQO1 (R139W, P187S), NAT (rapid/slow), GSTP1 (I105V), GSTT1 and GSTM1 (non-null/null) and MTHFR (A222V, E429A) polymorphisms. RESULTS Variant allele carriers of the NQO1 (P187S) polymorphism showed a higher risk for high-stage disease than non-carriers at diagnosis [relative risk (RR)=1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.8). A higher risk for highly malignant disease (T2+) was also observed in variant allele carriers than non-carriers of the GSTP1 (I105V) polymorphism (RR=1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5). NQO1 (R139W) variant allele carrier patients with intermediate malignant disease (TaG3+T1) had shorter disease-free survival than non-carriers (p=0.05). In contrast, carriers of the variant allele for the MTHFR (A222V) polymorphism had significantly longer disease-free survival than non-carriers (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with the notion that NQO1 polymorphisms influence the course and clinical outcomes of urinary bladder neoplasms. However, our results need to be confirmed in a large study as most of the associations detected were only of marginal statistical significance, and would be lost on correction for multiple comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Sanyal
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vineis P, Veglia F, Garte S, Malaveille C, Matullo G, Dunning A, Peluso M, Airoldi L, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Clavel-Chapelon F, Linseisen JP, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Palli D, Crosignani P, Tumino R, Panico S, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Lund E, Gonzalez CA, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quiros JR, Berglund G, Jarvholm B, Day NE, Key TJ, Saracci R, Riboli E, Autrup H. Genetic susceptibility according to three metabolic pathways in cancers of the lung and bladder and in myeloid leukemias in nonsmokers. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1230-42. [PMID: 17496311 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We chose a set of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate gene-environment interactions in three types of cancer that have been related to air pollution (lung, bladder and myeloid leukemia). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study has been conducted as a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (409 cancer cases and 757 matched controls). We included never and ex-smokers. SNPs were in genes involved in oxidative stress, phase I metabolizing genes, phase II metabolizing genes and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). RESULTS The most notable findings are: GSTM1 deletion and bladder cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.56]; CYP1A1 and leukemia (2.22, 1.33-3.70; heterozygotes); CYP1B1 and leukemia (0.47, 0.27-0.84; homozygotes); MnSOD and leukemia (1.91, 1.08-3.38; homozygotes) and NQO1 and lung cancer (8.03, 1.73-37.3; homozygotes). Other statistically significant associations were found in subgroups defined by smoking habits (never or ex-smokers), environmental tobacco smoke or gender, with no obvious pattern. When gene variants were organized according to the three main pathways, the emerging picture was of a strong involvement of combined phase I enzymes in leukemia, with an OR of 5 (1.63-15.4) for those having three or more variant alleles. The association was considerably stronger for leukemias arising before the age of 55.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vineis
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Murta-Nascimento C, Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Zeegers MP, Steineck G, Kogevinas M, Real FX, Malats N. Epidemiology of urinary bladder cancer: from tumor development to patient’s death. World J Urol 2007; 25:285-95. [PMID: 17530260 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-007-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. It is more frequent in men than in women. We review the main established/proposed factors, both environmental and genetic, associated with bladder cancer etiology and prognosis. Data were extracted from previous reviews and original articles identified from PubMed searches, reference lists, and book chapters dealing with the reviewed topics. Evaluation and consensus of both the contribution of each factor in bladder cancer burden and the appropriateness of the available evidences was done during an ad hoc meeting held during the 18th Congress of the European Society for Urological Research. Cigarette smoking and specific occupational exposures are the main known causes of UBC. Phenacetin, chlornaphazine and cyclophosphamide also increase the risk of bladder cancer. Chronic infection by Schistosoma haematobium is a cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. NAT2 slow acetylator and GSTM1 null genotypes are associated with an increased risk of this cancer. Vegetables and fresh fruits protect against this tumor. Regarding prognosis, there is little knowledge on the predictive role of environmental exposures and genetic polymorphisms on tumor recurrence and progression and patient's death. Although active tobacco smoking is the most commonly studied factor, no definitive conclusion can be drawn from the literature. More research is needed regarding the effect of complex etiological factors in bladder carcinogenesis. Subgroup analysis according to stage, grade, and molecular features may help in identifying specific etiological and prognostic factors involved in different bladder cancer progression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Murta-Nascimento
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Institut Municipal d'Investigació Medica (IMIM), Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Ryk C, Kumar R, Sanyal S, de Verdier PJB, Hemminki K, Larsson P, Steineck G, Hou SM. Influence of polymorphism in DNA repair and defence genes on p53 mutations in bladder tumours. Cancer Lett 2005; 241:142-9. [PMID: 16343742 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of polymorphisms in nine genes involved in DNA repair and detoxification on occurrence and type of p53 mutation in 327 bladder cancer patients. The included polymorphisms are XPC(Lys939Gln), XPD(Lys751Gln), XPG(Asp1104His), XRCC1(Arg3999Gln), XRCC3(Thr241Met), NBS1(Glu185Gln), cyclin D1(Pro241Pro), MTHFR(Ala222Val and Glu429Ala) and NQO1(Arg139Trp and Pro187Ser). We found increased risk for p53 mutation among cyclin D1 variant allele homozygotes (OR 2.4 CI 0.8-6.7). Among non-smokers, 75% (3/4) with p53 mutation but only 12.5% (3/24) without p53 mutations were XRCC3 241Met homozygotes (P=0.03). Among smokers, all p53 transversions (3/3), but only 41.7% (5/12) of p53 transitions were found among carriers of the XPC 939Gln allele. Individuals carrying the NQO1 187Ser allele showed increased risk for p53 transversions (OR 4.7, CI 0.9-26.1). All (2/2) NQO1 139Trp allele carriers but only 17.5% (7/40) of the Arg139 homozygotes had p53 transversions. Our findings suggest that altered repair and detoxification due to genetic polymorphism may influence the occurrence of p53 mutations in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Ryk
- Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Kelsey KT, Hirao T, Hirao S, Devi-Ashok T, Nelson HH, Andrew A, Colt J, Baris D, Morris JS, Schned A, Karagas M. TP53 alterations and patterns of carcinogen exposure in a U.S. population-based study of bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2005; 117:370-5. [PMID: 15906354 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathology of bladder cancer has been the subject of considerable interest, and current efforts are targeted toward elucidating the interrelationships between individual somatic gene loss and both etiologic and prognostic factors. Mutation of the TP53 gene has been associated with more invasive bladder cancer, and evidence suggests that TP53 mutation, independent of stage, may be predictive of outcome in this disease. However, there is no consensus in the literature that bladder carcinogen exposure is associated with inactivation of the TP53 gene. Work to date has been primarily hospital based and, as such, subject to possible bias associated with selection of more advanced cases for study. We examined exposure relationships with both TP53 gene mutation and TP53 protein alterations in a population-based study of 330 bladder cancer cases in New Hampshire. Tobacco smoking was not associated with TP53 alterations. We found a higher prevalence of TP53 inactivation (i.e., mutation and nuclear accumulation) among hair dye users (odd ratio [OR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-14.7), and the majority of these mutations were transversions. Men who had "at risk" occupations were more likely to have mutated TP53 tumors (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.1-7.6). There also was a relative absence of TP53 mutation (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.0-2.9) and TP53 protein alterations (OR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.3-1.4) in bladder cancers from individuals with higher arsenic exposure. Our data suggest that there is exposure-specific heterogeneity in inactivation of the TP53 pathway in bladder cancers and that integration of the spectrum of pathway alterations in population-based approaches (capturing the full range of exposures to bladder carcinogens) may provide important insights into bladder tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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