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Development and Validation of the B Cell-Associated Fc Receptor-like Molecule-Based Prognostic Signature in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8509805. [PMID: 32908921 PMCID: PMC7463385 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8509805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Methods 461 patients with CM from The Cancer Genome Atlast- (TCGA-) CM cohort and 290 pateints from the GSE65904 cohort were enrolled. Student's t-test was used to compare the differences, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to evaluate associations. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS). The multivariate Cox regression was conducted to generate the FCRL prognostic signature. GSEA analysis and TIMER were employed to study the potential mechanisms. Result Patients with Breslow's depth high or equal to 3 cm had the lower expression of FCRL1-6 (all, P < 0.05), which indicates poor OS, as well as age, stage, and Breslow's depth subgroups (all, P < 0.001). The overall FCRL1-6 prognostic signature was generated in the TCGA cohort (K-M, P < 0.001; area under the curve (AUC), 0.649 for 3-year OS) and validated in the GSE65904 cohort (K-M, P < 0.001; AUC, 0.659 for 3-year OS). The GSEA results revealed that high expression of FCRLs indicated activated immune-associated pathways, and FCRLs are positively associated with the infiltration of B cells. Conclusion Highly expressed FCRLs were observed associated with a favourable OS of CM. FCRL1-6-based prediction signature could act as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of patients with CM.
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Inozume T, Yaguchi T, Ariyasu R, Togashi Y, Ohnuma T, Honobe A, Nishikawa H, Kawakami Y, Kawamura T. Analysis of the Tumor Reactivity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Metastatic Melanoma Lesion that Lost Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression after Anti-PD-1 Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1490-1496. [PMID: 30684558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I loss due to the abnormality of β2-microglobulin gene is one of the mechanisms underlying delayed relapses in melanoma patients long after the initial positive responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. However, the tumor-specific reactivity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor lesions that lost major histocompatibility complex class I expression has not been well evaluated. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with two metastatic melanoma lesions. After a 12-month period of successful tumor suppression by anti-PD-1 antibody therapy, one lesion started to grow again. We resected both lesions and examined the tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The shrinking lesion consisted of necrotic tissue and macrophages, and the enlarged lesion consisted of both necrotic tissue and viable tumor cells. The tumor cells completely lost major histocompatibility complex class I expression, but it was restored upon retroviral transduction of the normal β2-microglobulin gene. When we checked the tumor-specific reactivity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from the relapsing lesion, we found that these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes failed to recognize the native tumor cells derived from the lesion, but strongly recognized the major histocompatibility complex class-I-recovered cells by β2-microglobulin transduction. Our report emphasizes the limitations of T-cell-based immunotherapy and highlights the importance of developing alternative strategies for such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inozume
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, University Keio School of Medicine, Keio, Japan
| | - Ryo Ariyasu
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohnuma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akiko Honobe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Chiba, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, University Keio School of Medicine, Keio, Japan
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Lu X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao H, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu S, Lu T, Wang F, Yan F. Molecular classification and subtype-specific characterization of skin cutaneous melanoma by aggregating multiple genomic platform data. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1635-1647. [PMID: 29948145 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional classification of melanoma is widely utilized with little apparent results making the development of robust classifiers that can guide therapies an urgency. Successful seminal research on classification has provided a wider understanding of cancer from multiple molecular profiles, respectively. However, it may ignore the complementary nature of the information provided by different types of data, which motivated us to subtype melanoma by aggregating multiple genomic platform data. METHODS Aggregating three omics data of 328 melanoma samples, melanoma subtyping was performed by three clustering methods. Differences across subtypes were extracted by functional enrichment, epigenetically silencing, gene mutations and clinical features. Subtypes were further distinguished by putative biomarkers. RESULTS Functional enrichment of the subtype-specific differential expression genes endowed subtypes new designation: immune, melanin and ion, in which the first subtype was enriched for immune system, the second was characterized by melanin and pigmentation, and the third was enriched for ion-involved transmission process. Subtypes also differed in age, Breslow thickness, tumor site, mutation frequency of BRAF, PTGS2, CDKN2A, CDKN2B and incidence of epigenetically silencing for IL15RA, EPSTI1, LXN, CDKN1B genes. CONCLUSIONS Skin cutaneous melanoma can be robustly divided into three subtypes by SNFCC+. Compared with the TCGA classification derived from gene expression, the subtypes we presented share concordance, but new traits are excavated. Such a genomic classification offers insights to further personalize therapeutic decision-making and melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lu
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyuan Zhang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyan Wang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangrong Yan
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Reshetnikova E, Guselnikov S, Volkova O, Baranov K, Taranin A, Mechetina L. B cell-specific protein FCRLA is expressed by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in humans. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:683-687. [PMID: 29236355 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fc receptor-like A (FCRLA) is a unique member of a family of Fc receptor like-molecules that lacks a transmembrane region and is an ER-resident protein. In mice and humans, FCRLA has been known as a B cell specific protein. We report here that, in humans, FCRLA is also expressed in a subpopulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), splenocytes, and tonsillar cells were stained for lineage markers followed by fixation/saponin permeabilization and intracellular staining for FCRLA, and then analyzed by flow cytometry with CD123 and CD303 used as pDC markers. RESULTS We conducted an extensive flow cytometric analysis of a rare population of CD19-FCRLA+ cells found for the first time in human lymphoid tissues that we assigned to pDCs as they were lin-/CD123+/CD303+. FCRLA expression in human pDCs was further confirmed by the RT-PCR analysis of cDNA of pDCs isolated from the peripheral blood of a healthy donor. FCRLA-positive pDCs expressed a lower level of HLA-DR than their FCRLA-negative counterparts. CONCLUSIONS FCRLA has long been viewed as a B cell specific protein, and this is the first time its expression has also been shown in human pDCs. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokiya Reshetnikova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Guselnikov
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Volkova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Baranov
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Taranin
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Mechetina
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Blackburn TE, Santiago T, Burrows PD. FCRLA-A Resident Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein that Associates with Multiple Immunoglobulin Isotypes in B Lineage Cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 408:47-65. [PMID: 28879521 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FCRLA is homologous to receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR) and is located in the same region of human chromosome one, but has several unusual and unique features. It is a soluble resident ER protein retained in this organelle by unknown mechanisms involving the N-terminal domain, a disordered domain with three Cys residues in close proximity in the human protein. Unlike the FcγRs, FCRLA is not glycosylated and has no transmembrane region. FCRLA is included in this CTMI volume on IgM-binding proteins because it binds IgM in the ER, but quite surprisingly, given the isotype-restricted ligand specificity of the other FcRs, it also binds all other Ig isotypes so far tested, IgG and IgA. In the case of IgM, there is even preferential binding of the secretory and not the transmembrane form. Among B cells, FCRLA is most highly expressed in the germinal center and shows little expression in plasma cells. Based on these observations, we propose that one human FCRLA function is to stop GC B cells from secreting IgM, which would act as a decoy receptor, thus preventing the B cells from capturing antigen, processing it, and presenting the antigen-derived peptides to T follicular helper cells. Without help from these T cells, there would be limited B cell isotype switching, proliferation, and differentiation. On the other hand, FCRLA is downregulated in plasma cells, where IgM secretion is an essential function. FCRLA may also act as a chaperone involved by unknown mechanisms in the proper assembly of Ig molecules of all isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Teresa Santiago
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter D Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Members of the family of Fc receptor-like (FcRL) proteins, homologous to FcγRI, have been identified by multiple research groups. Consequently, they have been described using multiple nomenclatures including Fc receptor homologs (FcRH), immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation-associated genes (IRTA), immunoglobulin-Fc-gp42-related genes (IFGP), Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase anchor proteins (SPAP), and B cell cross-linked by anti-immunoglobulin M-activating sequences (BXMAS). They are now referred to under a unified nomenclature as FCRL. Eight different human FCRL genes have been identified, all of which appear to be related to the genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) of cellular adhesion molecules. These type 1 transmembrane glycoproteins are composed of different combinations of 5 types of immunoglobulin-like domains, with each protein consisting of 3 to 9 domains, and no individual domain type conserved throughout all of the FCRL proteins. Ligands for the majority of the FCRLs remain unknown. In general, FCRL expression is restricted to lymphocytes and is primarily expressed in B-lymphocytes, supporting FCRL’s involvement in a variety of immune disorders. Most FCRLs functionally repress B-cell activation; however, they might have dual roles in lymphocyte functions as these proteins often possess immunoreceptor tyrosine activation (ITAM) and inhibitory (ITIM) motif elements. The biological functions of these newly recognized FCRL proteins are just beginning to emerge, and might provide the insight necessary for understanding pathophysiology of lymphocyte disorders and treating different immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie Capone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - John Matthew Bryant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Natalie Sutkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB-201, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Rai A, Menon AV, Jalan S. Randomness and preserved patterns in cancer network. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6368. [PMID: 25220184 PMCID: PMC5376158 DOI: 10.1038/srep06368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been reported to account for the maximum cases among all female cancers till date. In order to gain a deeper insight into the complexities of the disease, we analyze the breast cancer network and its normal counterpart at the proteomic level. While the short range correlations in the eigenvalues exhibiting universality provide an evidence towards the importance of random connections in the underlying networks, the long range correlations along with the localization properties reveal insightful structural patterns involving functionally important proteins. The analysis provides a benchmark for designing drugs which can target a subgraph instead of individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Rai
- Centre for Bio-Science and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, M-Block, IET-DAVV Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India
| | - A Vipin Menon
- Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, M-Block, IET-DAVV Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India
| | - Sarika Jalan
- 1] Centre for Bio-Science and Bio-Medical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, M-Block, IET-DAVV Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India [2] Complex Systems Lab, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, M-Block, IET-DAVV Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India
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8
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Li FJ, Won WJ, Becker EJ, Easlick JL, Tabengwa EM, Li R, Shakhmatov M, Honjo K, Burrows PD, Davis RS. Emerging roles for the FCRL family members in lymphocyte biology and disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:29-50. [PMID: 25116094 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extended Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family in humans and mice are preferentially expressed by B cells and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. Although the majority of these proteins repress B cell receptor-mediated activation, there is an emerging evidence for their bifunctionality and capacity to counter-regulate adaptive and innate signaling pathways. In light of these findings, the recent discovery of ligands for several of these molecules has begun to reveal exciting potential for them in normal lymphocyte biology and is launching a new phase of FCRL investigation. Importantly, these fundamental developments are also setting the stage for defining their altered roles in the pathogenesis of a growing number of immune-mediated diseases. Here we review recent advances in the FCRL field and highlight the significance of these intriguing receptors in normal and perturbed immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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9
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CCL2 is critical for immunosuppression to promote cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 30:393-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Koh SS, Wei JPJ, Li X, Huang RR, Doan NB, Scolyer RA, Cochran AJ, Binder SW. Differential gene expression profiling of primary cutaneous melanoma and sentinel lymph node metastases. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:828-37. [PMID: 22411186 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Limited understanding of molecular mechanisms of metastasis in melanoma contributes to the absence of effective treatments. Increased knowledge of alterations in genes that underpin critical molecular events that lead to metastasis is essential. We have investigated the gene expression profiles of primary melanomas and melanoma metastases in sentinel lymph nodes. A total of 19 samples (10 primary melanomas and 9 sentinel lymph node metastases) were evaluated. Melanoma cells were dissected from tissue blocks. Total mRNA was isolated, amplified, and labeled using an Ambion Recover All Total Nucleic Acid Isolation kit, Nu-GEN WT-Ovation formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded RNA Amplification System, and FL-Ovation cDNA Biotin Module V2, respectively. Samples were hybridized to the Affymetrix Gene Chip Human U133 Plus 2.0 Array. Data were analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite Version 6.4. Genes selected showed ≥2-fold difference in expression and P<5.00E-2. Validation studies used standard immunohistochemical assays. Hierarchical clustering disclosed two distinct groups: 10 primary melanomas and 9 sentinel lymph node metastases. Gene expression analysis identified 576 genes that showed significant differential expression. Most differences reflected decreased gene expression in metastases relative to primaries. Reduced gene expression in primaries was less frequent and less dramatic. Genes significantly increased or decreased in sentinel lymph node metastases were active in cell adhesion/structural integrity, tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Validation studies indicate that MAGEC1 (melanoma antigen family C1) and FCRL1 (Fc receptor-like 1) are involved in melanoma progression. There are striking differential gene expression patterns between primary and nodally metastatic melanomas. Similar findings were seen with autologous paired primary melanomas and sentinel lymph node metastases, supporting involvement of these gene alterations in evolution of metastases. With further study, it may be possible to determine the exact sequence of molecular events that underlie melanoma metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Koh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles/David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
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11
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Santiago T, Kulemzin SV, Reshetnikova ES, Chikaev NA, Volkova OY, Mechetina LV, Zhao M, Davis RS, Taranin AV, Najakshin AM, Hendershot LM, Burrows PD. FCRLA is a resident endoplasmic reticulum protein that associates with intracellular Igs, IgM, IgG and IgA. Int Immunol 2010; 23:43-53. [PMID: 21149418 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor-like A (FCRLA) is an unusual member of the extended Fc receptor family. FCRLA has homology to receptors for the Fc portion of Ig (FCR) and to other FCRL proteins. However, unlike these other family representatives, which are typically transmembrane receptors with extracellular ligand-binding domains, FCRLA has no predicted transmembrane domain or N-linked glycosylation sites and is an intracellular protein. We show by confocal microscopy and biochemical assays that FCRLA is a soluble resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, but it does not possess the amino acid sequence KDEL as an ER retention motif in its C-terminus. Using a series of deletion mutants, we found that its ER retention is most likely mediated by the amino terminal partial Ig-like domain. We have identified ER-localized Ig as the FCRLA ligand. FCRLA is unique among the large family of Fc receptors, in that it is capable of associating with multiple Ig isotypes, IgM, IgG and IgA. Among hemopoietic cells, FCRLA expression is restricted to the B lineage and is most abundant in germinal center B lymphocytes. The studies reported here demonstrate that FCRLA is more broadly expressed among human B lineage cells than originally reported; it is found at significant levels in resting blood B cells and at varying levels in all B-cell subsets in tonsil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santiago
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, UAB 406 SHEL, 1530 Third Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Kanzaki M, Okamoto T, Mitsui H, Shibagaki N, Shimada S. A novel immunotherapeutic approach to melanoma-bearing hosts with protein-transduction domain-containing immunogenic foreign antigens. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 60:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Mitsui H, Okamoto T, Kanzaki M, Inozume T, Shibagaki N, Shimada S. Intradermal injections of polyarginine-containing immunogenic antigens preferentially elicit Tc1 and Th1 activation and antitumour immunity. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:29-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Inozume T, Mitsui H, Okamoto T, Matsuzaki Y, Kawakami Y, Shibagaki N, Shimada S. Dendritic cells transduced with autoantigen FCRLA induce cytotoxic lymphocytes and vaccinate against murine B-cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:2818-22. [PMID: 17625599 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported early evidence of the human Fc receptor-like A (hFCRLA), an antigen (Ag) that was specifically expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells, and some B-cell states, and was recognized by IgG antibodies from melanoma patients. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hFCRLA is expressed in most human B-cell lymphoma tissues. In this report, we investigated the potential of FCRLA as a tumor-associated Ag of B-cell lymphoma for immunotherapy. We confirmed that murine FCRLA (mFCRLA) was expressed and distributed in murine tissues similar to hFCRLA. Recombinant mFCRLA fusion protein was constructed with a polyarginine (R9)-protein-transduction domain (PTD) (rR9-HA-mFCRL), and was transduced into bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) ex vivo. Mice immunized with rR9-HA-mFCRL-treated DC primed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) that killed the B-cell lymphoma cell line (A20), which express mFCRLA abundantly. In a tumor challenging study, A20 tumor growth inoculated in skin was significantly suppressed in mice vaccinated with rR9-HA-mFCRL-treated DC, compared with control mice. These results indicated that FCRLA is a potential target Ag in immunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma. In addition, our experimental system using R9-PTD-containing full-length proteins might be a useful method to analyze the immunogenicity of novel candidates of tumor-associated Ags in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inozume
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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15
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Ehrhardt GRA, Leu CM, Zhang S, Aksu G, Jackson T, Haga C, Hsu JT, Schreeder DM, Davis RS, Cooper MD. Fc receptor-like proteins (FCRL): immunomodulators of B cell function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 596:155-62. [PMID: 17338184 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-46530-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Götz R A Ehrhardt
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
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16
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Volkova OY, Reshetnikova ES, Mechetina LV, Chikaev NA, Najakshin AM, Faizulin RZ, Duzhak TG, Taranin AV. Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Human FCRLA. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2007; 26:78-85. [PMID: 17451355 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2006.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
FCRLA is a recently identified intracellular protein structurally related to the classic Fc receptors and expressed primarily in the germinal centers of B cells. We generated six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to the human protein. The MAbs recognize three different epitopes, which were shown to be localized on the D3 domain of the FCRLA molecule. The clones M101 and M616 were demonstrated to be applicable in various immunochemical analyses, such as immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation. In addition, this pair of antibodies was used for development of a sandwich version of ELISA to quantitatively detect FCRLA in cell lysates. Using these MAbs, we studied FCRLA expression in a panel of human B cell lines, such as Raji, Daudi, Bjab, BL-2, RPMI 1788, RPMI 8226, IM-9, and SKW6.4. It was found that all these lines, except RPMI 8226, produce FCRLA but may vary in the proportion of FCRLA-positive cells. The MAbs we established can be a useful tool to investigate the functional role of FCRLA and its applicability as a B cell development and malignant transformation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y Volkova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, The Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Abstract
Discovery of a large family of Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules, homologous to the well-known receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (FCR), has uncovered an impressive abundance of immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) genes in the human 1q21-23 chromosomal region and revealed significant diversity for these genes between humans and mice. The observation that FCRL representatives are members of an ancient multigene family that share a common ancestor with the classical FCR is underscored by their linked genomic locations, gene structure, shared extracellular domain composition, and utilization of common cytoplasmic tyrosine-based signaling elements. In contrast to the conventional FCR, however, FCRL molecules possess diverse extracellular frameworks, autonomous or dual signaling properties, and preferential B lineage expression. Most importantly, there is no strong evidence thus far to support a role for them as Ig-binding receptors. These characteristics, in addition to their identification in malignancies and autoimmune disorders, predict a fundamental role for these receptors as immunomodulatory agents in normal and subverted B lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3300, USA.
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18
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Goto Y, Matsuzaki Y, Kurihara S, Shimizu A, Okada T, Yamamoto K, Murata H, Takata M, Aburatani H, Hoon DSB, Saida T, Kawakami Y. A new melanoma antigen fatty acid-binding protein 7, involved in proliferation and invasion, is a potential target for immunotherapy and molecular target therapy. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4443-9. [PMID: 16618771 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of molecules that are preferentially expressed in melanoma cells and involved in their malignant phenotypes is important for understanding melanoma biology and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. By comparing the expression profile of a melanoma cell line with those of various normal tissues using GeneChip and by confirming the actual expression of the selected genes by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses, fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is frequently expressed in melanomas, was identified. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that FABP7 was expressed in 11 of 15 melanoma tissues. By down-regulating the FABP7 expression with FABP7-specific small interfering RNAs, in vitro cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion were suppressed in two of six melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of FABP7 in a FABP7-negative embryonic kidney cell line 293T by transfecting with the FABP7 cDNA resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion, indicating that FABP7 plays a role in the malignant phenotype of some melanoma cell lines. IgG antibodies specific for the phage or bacterial recombinant FABP7 protein were detected in 14 of 25 (56%) or in 8 of 31 (26%) sera from melanoma patients, respectively, but not in sera from healthy individuals, indicating that FABP7 is an immunogenic antigen in melanoma patients. These results showed that FABP7 is frequently expressed in melanoma, may be involved in cell proliferation and invasion, and may be a potential target for development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Goto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Masuda K, Davis RS, Maruyama T, Zhang J, He T, Cooper MD, O-Wang J, Burrows PD. FcRY, an Fc receptor related gene differentially expressed during B lymphocyte development and activation. Gene 2005; 363:32-40. [PMID: 16263223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bioinformatics approach has lead to the identification of FcRY, a new Fc receptor related gene. FcRY is predicted to encode a protein with three immunoglobulin (Ig) domains followed by a mucin-like domain containing a proline-rich stalk and a C-terminal leucine rich region. The predicted protein lacks a hydrophobic domain for insertion into the plasma membrane, suggesting that FcRY is an intracellular or secreted protein. This feature is shared with the product of the FcRX/FCRL/FREB gene that is closely linked to FcRY in both human and mouse genomes. Fcry transcripts are first detectable among mouse B lineage cells at the pre-B cell stage. Splenic B cells of the newly formed, follicular, and marginal zone subsets express Fcry, as do germinal center B cells to a lesser extent. FcRY is also expressed in subpopulations of human B cells. A consistent characteristic of FcRY in both species is low level gene expression, which can be further downregulated in normal mouse B cells by signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40, thereby suggesting a correlation between cell cycle entrance and diminished FcRY expression. Fcry is upregulated by short-term treatment with BAFF/BLyS, which promotes B cell survival rather than proliferation. LPS induces very rapid but transient enhancement. We observed a pronounced upregulation of Fcry expression in WEHI 231 cells induced by BCR crosslinking to undergo cell cycle arrest prior to apoptosis, consistent with the possible regulation of Fcry expression by cell cycle status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Masuda
- Laboratory for Antigen Receptor Diversity, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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20
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Adams S, Robbins FM, Chen D, Wagage D, Holbeck SL, Morse HC, Stroncek D, Marincola FM. HLA class I and II genotype of the NCI-60 cell lines. J Transl Med 2005; 3:11. [PMID: 15748285 PMCID: PMC555742 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty cancer cell lines have been extensively characterized and used by the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program (NCI-60) since the early 90's as screening tools for anti-cancer drug development. An extensive database has been accumulated that could be used to select individual cells lines for specific experimental designs based on their global genetic and biological profile. However, information on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype of these cell lines is scant and mostly antiquated since it was derived from serological typing. We, therefore, re-typed the NCI-60 panel of cell lines by high-resolution sequence-based typing. This information may be used to: 1) identify and verify the identity of the same cell lines at various institutions; 2) check for possible contaminant cell lines in culture; 3) adopt individual cell lines for experiments in which knowledge of HLA molecule expression is relevant. Since genome-based typing does not guarantee actual surface protein expression, further characterization of relevant cell lines should be entertained to verify surface expression in experiments requiring correct antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Adams
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Fu-Meei Robbins
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Deborah Chen
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Devika Wagage
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Susan L Holbeck
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Information Technology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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