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Anand J, Chiou L, Sciandra C, Zhang X, Hong J, Wu D, Zhou P, Vaziri C. Roles of trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad005. [PMID: 36755961 PMCID: PMC9900426 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis are hallmarks and enabling characteristics of neoplastic cells that drive tumorigenesis and allow cancer cells to resist therapy. The 'Y-family' trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases enable cells to replicate damaged genomes, thereby conferring DNA damage tolerance. Moreover, Y-family DNA polymerases are inherently error-prone and cause mutations. Therefore, TLS DNA polymerases are potential mediators of important tumorigenic phenotypes. The skin cancer-propensity syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum-variant (XPV) results from defects in the Y-family DNA Polymerase Pol eta (Polη) and compensatory deployment of alternative inappropriate DNA polymerases. However, the extent to which dysregulated TLS contributes to the underlying etiology of other human cancers is unclear. Here we consider the broad impact of TLS polymerases on tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. We survey the ways in which TLS DNA polymerases are pathologically altered in cancer. We summarize evidence that TLS polymerases shape cancer genomes, and review studies implicating dysregulated TLS as a driver of carcinogenesis. Because many cancer treatment regimens comprise DNA-damaging agents, pharmacological inhibition of TLS is an attractive strategy for sensitizing tumors to genotoxic therapies. Therefore, we discuss the pharmacological tractability of the TLS pathway and summarize recent progress on development of TLS inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Anand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lilly Chiou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carly Sciandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract
High-fidelity DNA replication is critical for the faithful transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Following genotoxic stress, specialized DNA damage tolerance pathways are activated to ensure replication fork progression. These pathways include translesion DNA synthesis, template switching and repriming. In this Review, we describe how DNA damage tolerance pathways impact genome stability, their connection with tumorigenesis and their effects on cancer therapy response. We discuss recent findings that single-strand DNA gap accumulation impacts chemoresponse and explore a growing body of evidence that suggests that different DNA damage tolerance factors, including translesion synthesis polymerases, template switching proteins and enzymes affecting single-stranded DNA gaps, represent useful cancer targets. We further outline how the consequences of DNA damage tolerance mechanisms could inform the discovery of new biomarkers to refine cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cybulla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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De Palma FDE, Carbonnier V, Salvatore F, Kroemer G, Pol JG, Maiuri MC. Systematic Investigation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of LINC01087 in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235980. [PMID: 36497462 PMCID: PMC9738797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Long non-coding RNAs may constitute epigenetic biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response of a variety of tumors. In this context, we aimed at assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of the recently described long intergenic non-coding RNA 01087 (LINC01087) in human cancers. (2) Methods: We studied the expression of LINC01087 across 30 oncological indications by interrogating public resources. Data extracted from the TCGA and GTEx databases were exploited to plot receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and determine the diagnostic performance of LINC01087. Survival data from TCGA and KM-Plotter directories allowed us to graph Kaplan-Meier curves and evaluate the prognostic value of LINC01087. To investigate the function of LINC01087, gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, interactions between LINC01087 and both miRNA and mRNA were studied by means of bioinformatics tools. (3) Results: LINC01087 was significantly deregulated in 7 out of 30 cancers, showing a predominant upregulation. Notably, it was overexpressed in breast (BC), esophageal (ESCA), and ovarian (OV) cancers, as well as lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). By contrast, LINC01087 displayed downregulation in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). ROC curve analyses identified LINC01087 as a potential diagnostic indicator in BC, ESCA, OV, STAD, and TGCT. Moreover, high and low expression of LINC01087 predicted a favorable prognosis in BC and papillary cell carcinoma, respectively. In silico analyses indicated that deregulation of LINC01087 in cancer was associated with a modulation of genes related to ion channel, transporter, and peptide receptor activity. (4) Conclusions: the quantification of an altered abundance of LINC01087 in tissue specimens might be clinically useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of some hormone-related tumors, including BC, OV, and TGCT, as well as other cancer types such as ESCA and STAD. Moreover, our study revealed the potential of LINC01087 (and perhaps other lncRNAs) to regulate neuroactive molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e Loro Modelli Animali (Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Tor Vergata, Rome and “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
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Zhu N, Zhao Y, Mi M, Lu Y, Tan Y, Fang X, Weng S, Yuan Y. REV1: A novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for various cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:997970. [PMID: 36246647 PMCID: PMC9560673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: REV1 is a member of the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase Y family. It is an essential player in a variety of DNA replication activities, and perform major roles in the production of both spontaneous and DNA damage-induced mutations. This study aimed to explore the role of REV1 as a prognostic biomarker and its potential function regulating the sensitivity of anti-tumor drugs in various cancers. Methods: We analyzed the impact of REV1 gene alterations on patient prognosis and the impact of different REV1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on protein structure and function using multiple online prediction servers. REV1 expression was assessed using data from Oncomine, TCGA, and TIMER database. The correlation between REV1 expression and patient prognosis was performed using the PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. The IC50 values of anti-cancer drugs were downloaded from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database and the correlation analyses between REV1 expression and each drug pathway’s IC50 value in different tumor types were conducted. Results: Progression free survival was longer in REV1 gene altered group comparing to unaltered group [Median progression free survival (PFS), 107.80 vs. 60.89 months, p value = 7.062e-3]. REV1 SNP rs183737771 (F427L) was predicted to be deleterious SNP. REV1 expression differs in different tumour types. Low REV1 expression is associated with better prognosis in colorectal disease specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), gastric overall survival (OS), post progression survival (PPS) and ovarian (OS, PPS) cancer while high REV1 expression is associated with better prognosis in lung [OS, relapse free survival (RFS), first progession (FP), PPS] and breast (DSS, RFS) cancer. In colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, low expression of REV1 may suggest resistance to drugs in certain pathways. Conversely, high expression of REV1 in acute myeloid leukemia, brain lower grade glioma, small cell lung cancer and thyroid carcinoma may indicate resistance to drugs in certain pathways. Conclusion: REV1 plays different roles in different tumor types, drug susceptibility, and related biological events. REV1 expression is significantly correlated with different prognosis in colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast, and gastric cancer. REV1 expression can be used as predictive marker for various drugs of various pathways in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yier Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Ler AAL, Carty MP. DNA Damage Tolerance Pathways in Human Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2022; 11:822500. [PMID: 35198436 PMCID: PMC8859465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.822500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA lesions arising from both exogenous and endogenous sources occur frequently in DNA. During DNA replication, the presence of unrepaired DNA damage in the template can arrest replication fork progression, leading to fork collapse, double-strand break formation, and to genome instability. To facilitate completion of replication and prevent the generation of strand breaks, DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways play a key role in allowing replication to proceed in the presence of lesions in the template. The two main DDT pathways are translesion synthesis (TLS), which involves the recruitment of specialized TLS polymerases to the site of replication arrest to bypass lesions, and homology-directed damage tolerance, which includes the template switching and fork reversal pathways. With some exceptions, lesion bypass by TLS polymerases is a source of mutagenesis, potentially contributing to the development of cancer. The capacity of TLS polymerases to bypass replication-blocking lesions induced by anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin can also contribute to tumor chemoresistance. On the other hand, during homology-directed DDT the nascent sister strand is transiently utilised as a template for replication, allowing for error-free lesion bypass. Given the role of DNA damage tolerance pathways in replication, mutagenesis and chemoresistance, a more complete understanding of these pathways can provide avenues for therapeutic exploitation. A number of small molecule inhibitors of TLS polymerase activity have been identified that show synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancer cells. In this review, we will summarize the major DDT pathways, explore the relationship between damage tolerance and carcinogenesis, and discuss the potential of targeting TLS polymerases as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlynn Ai Li Ler
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Carty
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Michael P. Carty,
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Yin J, Hou W, Vogel U, Li X, Ma Y, Wang C, Wang H, Sun Z. TP53 common variants and interaction with PPP1R13L and CD3EAP SNPs and lung cancer risk and smoking behavior in a Chinese population. Biomed J 2022; 45:169-178. [PMID: 35351459 PMCID: PMC9133261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. The effect of TP53 inactivation is well-known, and genetically determined smaller variations in TP53 activity are related to cancer. Lung cancer causes the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in the world. Epidemiology studies have assessed the association of TP53 single nucleotide polymorphisms with lung cancer. METHODS We systematically examined the association of five htSNPs (haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphism) (rs12951053, rs1042522, rs8079544, rs12602273 and rs8064946) across the entire TP53 locus and interaction between genes TP53 and PPP1R13L and CD3EAP and smoking-duration related to lung cancer risk in this Chinese study including 544 cases and 550 controls. RESULTS No significant associations were observed in analysis of alleles and genotypes with co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models after adjustment for smoking status. Haplotype analysis showed that haplotype9 (rs12951053A-rs1042522C-rs8079544C-rs12602273G-rs8064946C) [OR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.03-0.59), p = 0.0079] was associated with decreased risk of lung cancer after adjusted for smoking-duration. The analysis of smoking-duration within TP53 haplotypes showed that there were more carriers of haplotype1 (AGCCG), 2 (CCCGC) and 4 (CCCCG) in smoking-subgroup of >20 (years) (all p < 0.05). MDR testing analysis identified two significant models (both p < 0.0010) of gene-gene-environment interaction in relation to lung cancer risk in whole study group. CONCLUSION The present results provide novel evidence that the haplotype of TP53 htSNPs and interaction between genetic variation in TP53 and CD3EAP and smoking-duration may associate with lung cancer risk, and provide additional evidence of association between TP53 htSNP haplotypes and long-term smoking-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yegang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry (Shenyang Medical College), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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REV1 promotes lung tumorigenesis by activating the Rad18/SERTAD2 axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:110. [PMID: 35115490 PMCID: PMC8814179 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
REV1 is the central member of the family of TLS polymerases, which participate in various DNA damage repair and tolerance pathways and play a significant role in maintaining genomic stability. However, the role of REV1 in tumors is rarely reported. In this study, we found that the expression of REV1 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that REV1 silencing decreased the growth and proliferation capacity of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, REV1 upregulated the expression of SERTAD2 in a Rad18-dependent manner, thereby promoting lung carcinogenesis. A novel REV1 inhibitor, JH-RE-06, suppressed lung tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro and was shown to be safe and well tolerated. Our study confirmed that REV1 is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for lung cancer and that JH-RE-06 may be a safe and efficient therapeutic agent for NSCLC.
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8
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DNA Polymerase and dRP-lyase activities of polymorphic variants of human Pol ι. Biochem J 2021; 478:1399-1412. [PMID: 33600564 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Y-family DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) is involved in DNA damage response and tolerance. Mutations and altered expression level of POLI gene are linked to a higher incidence of cancer. We biochemically characterized five active site polymorphic variants of human Pol ι: R71G (rs3218778), P118L (rs554252419), I236M (rs3218784), E251K (rs3218783) and P365R (rs200852409). We analyzed fidelity of nucleotide incorporation on undamaged DNA, efficiency and accuracy of DNA damage bypass, as well as 5'-deoxyribophosphate lyase (dRP-lyase) activity. The I236M and P118L variants were indistinguishable from the wild-type Pol ι in activity. The E251K and P365R substitutions altered the spectrum of nucleotide incorporation opposite several undamaged DNA bases. The P365R variant also reduced the dRP-lyase activity and possessed the decreased TLS activity opposite 8-oxo-G. The R71G mutation dramatically affected the catalytic activities of Pol ι. The reduced DNA polymerase activity of the R71G variant correlated with an enhanced fidelity of nucleotide incorporation on undamaged DNA, altered lesion-bypass activity and reduced dRP-lyase activity. Therefore, this amino acid substitution likely alters Pol ι functions in vivo.
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9
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Unravelling roles of error-prone DNA polymerases in shaping cancer genomes. Oncogene 2021; 40:6549-6565. [PMID: 34663880 PMCID: PMC8639439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenesis is a key hallmark and enabling characteristic of cancer cells, yet the diverse underlying mutagenic mechanisms that shape cancer genomes are not understood. This review will consider the emerging challenge of determining how DNA damage response pathways-both tolerance and repair-act upon specific forms of DNA damage to generate mutations characteristic of tumors. DNA polymerases are typically the ultimate mutagenic effectors of DNA repair pathways. Therefore, understanding the contributions of DNA polymerases is critical to develop a more comprehensive picture of mutagenic mechanisms in tumors. Selection of an appropriate DNA polymerase-whether error-free or error-prone-for a particular DNA template is critical to the maintenance of genome stability. We review different modes of DNA polymerase dysregulation including mutation, polymorphism, and over-expression of the polymerases themselves or their associated activators. Based upon recent findings connecting DNA polymerases with specific mechanisms of mutagenesis, we propose that compensation for DNA repair defects by error-prone polymerases may be a general paradigm molding the mutational landscape of cancer cells. Notably, we demonstrate that correlation of error-prone polymerase expression with mutation burden in a subset of patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas can identify mechanistic hypotheses for further testing. We contrast experimental approaches from broad, genome-wide strategies to approaches with a narrower focus on a few hundred base pairs of DNA. In addition, we consider recent developments in computational annotation of patient tumor data to identify patterns of mutagenesis. Finally, we discuss the innovations and future experiments that will develop a more comprehensive portrait of mutagenic mechanisms in human tumors.
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10
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Bulgakova O, Kussainova A, Bersimbaev R. The cell cycle regulatory gene polymorphisms TP53 (rs1042522) and MDM2 (rs2279744) in lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:777-784. [PMID: 33959694 PMCID: PMC8093851 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. Although the mechanism of lung
cancer is still unknown, a large number of studies have found a link between gene polymorphisms and the risk of lung
cancer. The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and tumor prevention. MDM2
is a critical regulator of the p53 protein. Despite the importance of p53 pathway in cancer, data on the contribution
of SNPs of TP53 (rs1042522) and MDM2 (rs2279744) to the development of lung cancer are very contradictory. A metaanalysis
that collects quantitative data from individual studies and combines their results has the advantage of improving
accuracy, providing reliable estimates, and resolving those issues in which studies on individual associations
are not effective enough. The aim of this study was to determine whether the TP53 (rs1042522) and MDM2 (rs2279744)
polymorphisms confer susceptibility to lung cancer. A meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between the
TP53 (rs1042522) and MDM2 (rs2279744) polymorphisms and lung cancer. A total of 51 comparison studies including
25,366 patients and 25,239 controls were considered in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed no association
between lung cancer and MDM2 (rs2279744) under any model. A noteworthy association of TP53 (rs1042522) with
susceptibility to lung cancer in overall pooled subjects was observed under three different models (allele contrast,
homozygote contrast (additive) and dominant). Stratification by ethnicity indicated an association between the TP53
(rs1042522) and lung cancer in Asians and Caucasians. This meta-analysis demonstrates that the TP53 (rs1042522), but
not MDM2 (rs2279744) polymorphism may confer susceptibility to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bulgakova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A Kussainova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - R Bersimbaev
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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11
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Wilkinson NA, Mnuskin KS, Ashton NW, Woodgate R. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins Are Essential Regulators of DNA Damage Bypass. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102848. [PMID: 33023096 PMCID: PMC7600381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are conjugated to many other proteins within the cell, to regulate their stability, localization, and activity. These modifications are essential for normal cellular function and the disruption of these processes contributes to numerous cancer types. In this review, we discuss how ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins regulate the specialized replication pathways of DNA damage bypass, as well as how the disruption of these processes can contribute to cancer development. We also discuss how cancer cell survival relies on DNA damage bypass, and how targeting the regulation of these pathways by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins might be an effective strategy in anti-cancer therapies. Abstract Many endogenous and exogenous factors can induce genomic instability in human cells, in the form of DNA damage and mutations, that predispose them to cancer development. Normal cells rely on DNA damage bypass pathways such as translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to replicate past lesions that might otherwise result in prolonged replication stress and lethal double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, due to the lower fidelity of the specialized polymerases involved in TLS, the activation and suppression of these pathways must be tightly regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination in order to limit the risk of mutagenesis. Many cancer cells rely on the deregulation of DNA damage bypass to promote carcinogenesis and tumor formation, often giving them heightened resistance to DNA damage from chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the key functions of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in regulating DNA damage bypass in human cells, and highlight ways in which these processes are both deregulated in cancer progression and might be targeted in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas W. Ashton
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
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12
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Yeom M, Hong JK, Kim JK, Guengerich FP, Choi JY. Three Human Pol ι Variants with Impaired Polymerase Activity Fail to Rescue H 2O 2 Sensitivity in POLI-Deficient Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2120-2129. [PMID: 32635723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human Y-family DNA polymerase (pol) ι is involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and base excision repair (BER) of oxidative DNA damage. Genetic variations may alter the function of pol ι and affect cellular susceptibility to oxidative genotoxic agents, but their effects remain unclear. We investigated the impacts of 10 human missense germline variations on pol ι function by biochemical and cell-based assays. Both polymerase and deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activities were determined utilizing recombinant pol ι (residues 1-445) proteins. The K209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants showed 4- to 53-fold decreases in specificity constants (kcat/Km) for dCTP insertion opposite G and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine compared to the wild-type. The R126C and K345E variants showed wild-type-like polymerase activity, although these two variants (as well as the R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants) showed greater than 6-fold decreases in dRP lyase activity compared to the wild-type. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated POLI knockout conferred higher sensitivity to H2O2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Exogenous expression of the full-length wild-type, R126C, and K345E variants fully rescued the H2O2 sensitivity in POLI-deficient cells, while full-length R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants did not rescue the sensitivity. Our results indicate that the R126C and K345E variants (having wild-type-like polymerase activity, albeit impaired in dRP lyase activity) could fully rescue the H2O2 sensitivity in POLI-deficient cells, while the R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants, all impaired in polymerase and dRP lyase activity, failed to rescue the sensitivity, indicating the relative importance of TLS-related polymerase function of pol ι rather than its BER-related dRP lyase function in protection from oxidative stress. The possibility exists that the hypoactive pol ι variants increase the individual susceptibility to oxidative genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yeom
- Department of Pharmacology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Jeong-Yun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jafrin S, Abdul Aziz M, Anonna SN, Akter T, Naznin NE, Reza S, Safiqul Islam M. Association of TP53 Codon 72 Arg>Pro Polymorphism with Breast and Lung Cancer Risk in the South Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1511-1519. [PMID: 32592343 PMCID: PMC7568897 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A transversion missense polymorphism of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene at the codon 72 codes proline instead of arginine causes an altered p53 protein expression and has been found to be associated with an elevated risk of various cancer; especially breast and lung cancer. As the previous case-control studies on the South Asian population have shown controversial results, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate a precise estimation of the relationship between the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with breast and lung cancer. METHODS A total of 12 related studies on the South Asian population have been included through comprehensive database searching. Six studies were selected for breast cancer meta-analysis involving 950 cases and 882 controls; the other six studies were for lung cancer meta-analysis including 975 cases and 1397 controls. The results have been determined by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3. Additionally, the stability of our analysis was assessed by heterogeneity, publication bias analysis and sensitivity testing. RESULTS A significantly increased risk of breast cancer was found in Pro allele (Pro vs. Arg), co-dominant model 2 (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), dominant model (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg). In case of lung cancer, significantly increased risk was found in the allele, co-dominant 1, co-dominant 2, co-dominant 3, dominant, and recessive models. No association with other genetic models with breast and lung cancer risk was found in the South Asian population. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer and lung cancer in the South Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
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14
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Sasatani M, Zaharieva EK, Kamiya K. The in vivo role of Rev1 in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Genes Environ 2020; 42:9. [PMID: 32161626 PMCID: PMC7048032 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is an error-prone pathway required to overcome replication blockage by DNA damage. Aberrant activation of TLS has been suggested to play a role in tumorigenesis by promoting genetic mutations. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying TLS-mediated tumorigenesis in vivo remain unclear. Rev1 is a member of the Y family polymerases and plays a key role in the TLS pathway. Here we introduce the existing to date Rev1-mutated mouse models, including the Rev1 transgenic (Tg) mouse model generated in our laboratory. We give an overview of the current knowledge on how different disruptions in Rev1 functions impact mutagenesis and the suggested molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We summarize the available data from ours and others’ in vivo studies on the role of Rev1 in the initiation and promotion of cancer, emphasizing how Rev1-mutated mouse models can be used as complementary tools for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Elena Karamfilova Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
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15
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Paz-Elizur T, Leitner-Dagan Y, Meyer KB, Markus B, Giorgi FM, O’Reilly M, Kim H, Evgy Y, Fluss R, Freedman LS, Rintoul RC, Ponder B, Livneh Z. DNA Repair Biomarker for Lung Cancer Risk and its Correlation With Airway Cells Gene Expression. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz067. [PMID: 32064457 PMCID: PMC7012022 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving lung cancer risk assessment is required because current early-detection screening criteria miss most cases. We therefore examined the utility for lung cancer risk assessment of a DNA Repair score obtained from OGG1, MPG, and APE1 blood tests. In addition, we examined the relationship between the level of DNA repair and global gene expression. METHODS We conducted a blinded case-control study with 150 non-small cell lung cancer case patients and 143 control individuals. DNA Repair activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the transcriptome of nasal and bronchial cells was determined by RNA sequencing. A combined DNA Repair score was formed using logistic regression, and its correlation with disease was assessed using cross-validation; correlation of expression to DNA Repair was analyzed using Gene Ontology enrichment. RESULTS DNA Repair score was lower in case patients than in control individuals, regardless of the case's disease stage. Individuals at the lowest tertile of DNA Repair score had an increased risk of lung cancer compared to individuals at the highest tertile, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0 to 17.5; P < .001), and independent of smoking. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82 to 0.93). Remarkably, low DNA Repair score correlated with a broad upregulation of gene expression of immune pathways in patients but not in control individuals. CONCLUSIONS The DNA Repair score, previously shown to be a lung cancer risk factor in the Israeli population, was validated in this independent study as a mechanism-based cancer risk biomarker and can substantially improve current lung cancer risk prediction, assisting prevention and early detection by computed tomography scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Paz-Elizur
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Leitner-Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barak Markus
- Bioinformatics Unit, Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin O’Reilly
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yentl Evgy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Fluss
- Biostatistics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Public Health Policy Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Laurence S Freedman
- Biostatistics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Public Health Policy Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce Ponder
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zvi Livneh
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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McIntyre J. Polymerase iota - an odd sibling among Y family polymerases. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 86:102753. [PMID: 31805501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been two decades since the discovery of the most mutagenic human DNA polymerase, polymerase iota (Polι). Since then, the biochemical activity of this translesion synthesis (TLS) enzyme has been extensively explored, mostly through in vitro experiments, with some insight into its cellular activity. Polι is one of four members of the Y-family of polymerases, which are the best characterized DNA damage-tolerant polymerases involved in TLS. Polι shares some common Y-family features, including low catalytic efficiency and processivity, high infidelity, the ability to bypass some DNA lesions, and a deficiency in 3'→5' exonucleolytic proofreading. However, Polι exhibits numerous properties unique among the Y-family enzymes. Polι has an unusual catalytic pocket structure and prefers Hoogsteen over Watson-Crick pairing, and its replication fidelity strongly depends on the template; further, it prefers Mn2+ ions rather than Mg2+ as catalytic activators. In addition to its polymerase activity, Polι possesses also 5'-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activity, and its ability to participate in base excision repair has been shown. As a highly error-prone polymerase, its regulation is crucial and mostly involves posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions. The upregulation and downregulation of Polι are correlated with different types of cancer and suggestions regarding the possible function of this polymerase have emerged from studies of various cancer lines. Nonetheless, after twenty years of research, the biological function of Polι certainly remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna McIntyre
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Wu Y, Zhou L, Deng Y, Li N, Yang P, Dong S, Yang S, Zheng Y, Yao L, Zhang M, Zhai Z, Dai Z, Wu Y. The polymorphisms (rs3213801 and rs5744533) of DNA polymerase kappa gene are not related with glioma risk and prognosis: A case-control study. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7446-7453. [PMID: 31595696 PMCID: PMC6885875 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase kappa (POLK), one of the specialized Y family DNA polymerases, functions in translesion synthesis and is suggested to be related with cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in specialized DNA polymerases have been demonstrated to be associated with cancer risk. To evaluate the association of two common POLK variants (rs3213801 C>T and rs5744533 C>T) with glioma, we conducted a case‐control study and genotyped these two POLK variants in 605 patients and 1300 healthy controls. The association analysis revealed no significant correlations were observed between these two POLK SNPs and glioma risk. However, the POLK rs3213801 CT genotype was found to be higher in older glioma patients (≥40) than in younger patients (P = .026). Compared with patients harboring the CC genotype, the frequencies of POLK rs5744533 CT and CT+TT genotypes were increased in patients with lower World Health Organization (WHO) grade glioma (P = .028, 0.044, respectively). According to Kaplan‐Meier analysis and log‐rank tests, POLK SNPs were not correlated with either the overall survival or progression‐free survival. Nevertheless, multivariate analysis revealed that the age (≥40) could increase the risk of death in glioma patients (P < .05), while gross‐total resection and temozolomide treatment were found to play protective roles in glioma prognosis (P < .001, respectively). Overall, our results indicated that POLK variants rs3213801 and rs5744533 are not associated with glioma risk and prognosis. However, these polymorphisms are likely to be associated with certain glioma characteristics, such as age and WHO grade. The age, surgery types, and chemotherapy could be independent prognostic factors in glioma. More studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, China
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18
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Ohmori Y, Nomura T, Fukushima N, Takahashi F, Iwaya T, Koeda K, Nishizuka SS. Recurrence risk evaluation in T1N1M0/T2N0M0/T3N0M0 gastric cancer with TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:1154-1161. [PMID: 31578743 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is not indicated for T1N1M0/T2N0M0/T3N0M0 gastric cancer. However, approximately 10% to 30% of these patients experience recurrence and metastasis. METHODS Among 658 patients with gastric cancer who received gastrectomy with curative intent, 130 T1N1M0/T2N0M0 and 73 T3N0M0 patients were enrolled. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were analyzed based on TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro. The hazard ratio (HR) for each subgroup was compared by TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms. RESULTS Of the 189 patients for whom polymorphism analysis results were available, the 5- and 10-year OS was 84.9% and 65.1%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year RFS was 81.8% and 65.4%, respectively. When the study cohort was divided into two groups according to polymorphism status (ie, "Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro" vs Pro/Pro), both the OS (HR, 2.799; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.071-7.315; P = .036) and RFS (HR, 2.639; 95% CI, 1.025-6.794; P = .044) of the Pro/Pro group were significantly lower than those for the Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro groups across the entire observation period. CONCLUSIONS The TP53 codon 72 Pro/Pro polymorphism may isolate a relatively high-risk patient group in T1N1M0/T2N0M0/T3N0M0 gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Ohmori
- Division of Biomedical Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Norimasa Fukushima
- Department of Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Division of Medical Engineering, Department of Information Science, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwaya
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koeda
- Department of Medical Safety Science, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Satoshi S Nishizuka
- Division of Biomedical Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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19
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Gallo D, Brown GW. Post-replication repair: Rad5/HLTF regulation, activity on undamaged templates, and relationship to cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:301-332. [PMID: 31429594 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1651817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic post-replication repair (PRR) pathway allows completion of DNA replication when replication forks encounter lesions on the DNA template and are mediated by post-translational ubiquitination of the DNA sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Monoubiquitinated PCNA recruits translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases to replicate past DNA lesions in an error-prone manner while addition of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains signals for error-free template switching to the sister chromatid. Central to both branches is the E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase Rad5/helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF). Mutations in PRR pathway components lead to genomic rearrangements, cancer predisposition, and cancer progression. Recent studies have challenged the notion that the PRR pathway is involved only in DNA lesion tolerance and have shed new light on its roles in cancer progression. Molecular details of Rad5/HLTF recruitment and function at replication forks have emerged. Mounting evidence indicates that PRR is required during lesion-less replication stress, leading to TLS polymerase activity on undamaged templates. Analysis of PRR mutation status in human cancers and PRR function in cancer models indicates that down regulation of PRR activity is a viable strategy to inhibit cancer cell growth and reduce chemoresistance. Here, we review these findings, discuss how they change our views of current PRR models, and look forward to targeting the PRR pathway in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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20
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Precision oncology of lung cancer: genetic and genomic differences in Chinese population. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:14. [PMID: 31069257 PMCID: PMC6499836 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the lung cancer genome has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. Genome-wide association studies and sequencing studies have identified dozens of genetic variants and somatic mutations implicated in the development of lung cancer in both Chinese and Caucasian populations. With the accumulating evidence, heterogeneities in lung cancer susceptibility were observed in different ethnicities. In this review, the progress on germline-based genetic variants and somatic-based genomic mutations associated with lung cancer and the differences between Chinese and Caucasian populations were systematically summarized. In the analysis of the genetic predisposition to lung cancer, 6 susceptibility loci were shared by Chinese and Caucasian populations (3q28, 5p15, 6p21, 9p21.3, 12q13.13 and 15q25), 14 loci were specific to the Chinese population (1p36.32, 5q31.1, 5q32, 6p21.1, 6q22.2, 6p21.32, 7p15.3, 10p14, 10q25.2, 12q23.1, 13q22, 17q24.3, 20q13.2, and 22q12), and 12 loci were specific to the Caucasian population (1p31.1, 2q32.1, 6q27, 8p21.1, 8p12, 10q24.3, 11q23.3, 12p13.33, 13q13.1, 15q21.1, 20q13.33 and 22q12.1). In the analysis of genomic and somatic alterations, different mutation rates were observed for EGFR (Chinese: 39–59% vs. TCGA: 14%), KRAS (Chinese: 7–11% vs. TCGA: 31%), TP53 (Chinese: 44% vs. TCGA: 53%), CDKN2A (Chinese: 22% vs. TCGA: 15%), NFE2L2 (Chinese: 28% vs. TCGA: 17%), STK11 (Chinese: 4–7% vs. TCGA: 16%), KEAP1 (Chinese: 3–5% vs. TCGA: 18%), and NF1 (Chinese: <2% vs. TCGA: 12%). In addition, frequently amplified regions encompassing genes involved in cytoskeletal organization or focal adhesion were identified only in Chinese patients. These results provide a comprehensive description of the genetic and genomic differences in lung cancer susceptibility between Chinese and Caucasian populations and may contribute to the development of precision medicine for lung cancer treatment and prevention.
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21
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Leung W, Baxley RM, Moldovan GL, Bielinsky AK. Mechanisms of DNA Damage Tolerance: Post-Translational Regulation of PCNA. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010010. [PMID: 30586904 PMCID: PMC6356670 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant source of stress challenging genomic integrity. To ensure faithful duplication of our genomes, mechanisms have evolved to deal with damage encountered during replication. One such mechanism is referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT). DDT allows for replication to continue in the presence of a DNA lesion by promoting damage bypass. Two major DDT pathways exist: error-prone translesion synthesis (TLS) and error-free template switching (TS). TLS recruits low-fidelity DNA polymerases to directly replicate across the damaged template, whereas TS uses the nascent sister chromatid as a template for bypass. Both pathways must be tightly controlled to prevent the accumulation of mutations that can occur from the dysregulation of DDT proteins. A key regulator of error-prone versus error-free DDT is the replication clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PCNA, mainly by ubiquitin and SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier), play a critical role in DDT. In this review, we will discuss the different types of PTMs of PCNA and how they regulate DDT in response to replication stress. We will also cover the roles of PCNA PTMs in lagging strand synthesis, meiotic recombination, as well as somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ryan M Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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22
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Exosome-packaged miR-1246 contributes to bystander DNA damage by targeting LIG4. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:492-502. [PMID: 30038324 PMCID: PMC6134031 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have recently reported that
microRNAs packaged in exosomes contribute to multiple biological processes such as
cancer progression; however, little is known about their role in the development
of radiation-induced bystander effects. Methods The exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of BEP2D cells
with or without γ-ray irradiation by ultracentrifugation. To monitor DNA damage
and repair efficiency, the DNA double-strand break biomarker 53BP1 foci, comet,
micronuclei, expression of DNA repair genes and NHEJ repair activity were
detected. The miR-1246 targeting sequence of the DNA ligase 4 (LIG4) mRNA 3′UTR was assessed by luciferase reporter
vectors. Results miR-1246 was increased in exosomes secreted from 2 Gy-irradiated
BEP2D cells and inhibited the proliferation of nonirradiated cells. The miR-1246
mimic, exosomes from irradiated cells, and radiation-conditioned cell culture
medium increased the yields of 53BP1 foci, comet tail and micronuclei in
nonirradiated cells, and decreased NHEJ efficiency. miR-1246 downregulated LIG4
expression by directly targeting its 3′UTR. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that miR-1246 packaged in exosomes could
act as a transfer messenger and contribute to DNA damage by directly repressing
the LIG4 gene. Exosomal miR-1246 may be a
critical predictor of and player in radiation-induced bystander DNA damage.
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Zhao J, Chen S, Zhou H, Zhang T, Liu Y, He J, Zhu J, Ruan J. XPG rs17655 G>C polymorphism associated with cancer risk: evidence from 60 studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1073-1088. [PMID: 29779017 PMCID: PMC5990387 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG), a key component in nucleotide excision repair pathway, functions to cut DNA lesions during DNA repair. Genetic variations that alter DNA repair gene expression or function may decrease DNA repair ability and impair genome integrity, thereby predisposing to cancer. The association between XPG rs17655 G>C polymorphism and cancer risk has been investigated extensively, but the results remain contradictory. To get a more accurate conclusion, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 60 case-control studies, involving 27,098 cancer cases and 30,535 healthy controls. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated to determine the association of interest. Pooled analysis indicated that the XPG rs17655 G>C polymorphism increased the risk of overall cancer (CC vs. GG: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.00-1.20; CG vs. GG: OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.02-1.11; CG+CC vs. GG: OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02-1.12; C vs. G: OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.01-1.09). Stratification analysis by cancer type further showed that this polymorphism was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis indicated that the XPG gene rs17655 G>C polymorphism was associated with increased overall cancer risk, especially the risk of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Further validation experiments are needed to strength our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Yang Y, Gao Y, Zlatanou A, Tateishi S, Yurchenko V, Rogozin IB, Vaziri C. Diverse roles of RAD18 and Y-family DNA polymerases in tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:833-843. [PMID: 29683380 PMCID: PMC6056224 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1456296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagenesis is a hallmark and enabling characteristic of cancer cells. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18 and its downstream effectors, the ‘Y-family’ Trans-Lesion Synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases, confer DNA damage tolerance at the expense of DNA replication fidelity. Thus, RAD18 and TLS polymerases are attractive candidate mediators of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. The skin cancer-propensity disorder xeroderma pigmentosum-variant (XPV) is caused by defects in the Y-family DNA polymerase Pol eta (Polη). However it is unknown whether TLS dysfunction contributes more generally to other human cancers. Recent analyses of cancer genomes suggest that TLS polymerases generate many of the mutational signatures present in diverse cancers. Moreover biochemical studies suggest that the TLS pathway is often reprogrammed in cancer cells and that TLS facilitates tolerance of oncogene-induced DNA damage. Here we review recent evidence supporting widespread participation of RAD18 and the Y-family DNA polymerases in the different phases of multi-step carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Yanzhe Gao
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Anastasia Zlatanou
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Satoshi Tateishi
- b Division of Cell Maintenance , Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG) , Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- c Life Science Research Center , University of Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
| | - Igor B Rogozin
- d National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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25
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Sasatani M, Xi Y, Kajimura J, Kawamura T, Piao J, Masuda Y, Honda H, Kubo K, Mikamoto T, Watanabe H, Xu Y, Kawai H, Shimura T, Noda A, Hamasaki K, Kusunoki Y, Zaharieva EK, Kamiya K. Overexpression of Rev1 promotes the development of carcinogen-induced intestinal adenomas via accumulation of point mutation and suppression of apoptosis proportionally to the Rev1 expression level. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:570-578. [PMID: 28498946 PMCID: PMC5872566 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development often involves mutagenic replication of damaged DNA by the error-prone translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway. Aberrant activation of this pathway plays a role in tumorigenesis by promoting genetic mutations. Rev1 controls the function of the TLS pathway, and Rev1 expression levels are associated with DNA damage induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. However, it remains unclear whether deregulated Rev1 expression triggers or promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, we generated a novel Rev1-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mouse and characterized its susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Using a small intestinal tumor model induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), we found that transgenic expression of Rev1 accelerated intestinal adenoma development in proportion to the Rev1 expression level; however, overexpression of Rev1 alone did not cause spontaneous development of intestinal adenomas. In Rev1 Tg mice, MNU-induced mutagenesis was elevated, whereas apoptosis was suppressed. The effects of hREV1 expression levels on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of MNU were confirmed in the human cancer cell line HT1080. These data indicate that dysregulation of cellular Rev1 levels leads to the accumulation of mutations and suppression of cell death, which accelerates the tumorigenic activities of DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Diabetes Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Junko Kajimura
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kawamura
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jinlian Piao
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.,Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kei Kubo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mikamoto
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yanbin Xu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan and
| | - Asao Noda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Kanya Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Elena Karamfilova Zaharieva
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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26
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Lin X, Chen Z, Gao P, Gao Z, Chen H, Qi J, Liu F, Ye D, Jiang H, Na R, Yu H, Shi R, Lu D, Zheng SL, Mo Z, Sun Y, Ding Q, Xu J. TEX15: A DNA repair gene associated with prostate cancer risk in Han Chinese. Prostate 2017; 77:1271-1278. [PMID: 28730685 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both common and rare genetic variants may contribute to risk of developing prostate cancer. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified ∼100 independent, common variants associated with prostate cancer risk. However, little is known about the association of rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] <1%) in the genome with prostate cancer risk. METHODS A two-stage study was used to test the association of rare, deleterious coding variants, annotated using predictive algorithms, with prostate cancer risk in Chinese men. Predicted rare, deleterious coding variants in the Illumina HumanExome-12 v1.1 beadchip were first evaluated in 1343 prostate cancer patients and 1008 controls. Significant variants were then validated in an additional 1816 prostate cancer patients and 1549 controls. RESULTS In the discovery stage, 14 predicted rare, deleterious coding variants were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (P < 0.01). In the confirmation stage, Q1631H in TEX15 (rs142485241), a DNA repair gene, was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (P = 0.0069). The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the variant in the combined analysis was 3.24 (95% Confidence Interval 1.85-6.06), P = 8.81 × 10-5 . Additionally, rs28756990 (V741F) at MLH3 (P = 0.06) and rs2961144 (I126V) at OR2A5 (P = 0.065) were marginally associated with prostate cancer risk in the replication stage. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided preliminary evidence that the rare variant Q1631H in DNA repair gene TEX15 is associated with prostate cancer risk. This finding complements known common prostate cancer risk-associated variants and suggests the possible role of DNA repair genes in prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Lin
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimei Gao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Center for Genomic Translational Medicine and Prevention, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Na
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqun Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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28
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Association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and survival of North Indian lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1383-1394. [PMID: 27614750 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Cipolla L, Maffia A, Bertoletti F, Sabbioneda S. The Regulation of DNA Damage Tolerance by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers. Front Genet 2016; 7:105. [PMID: 27379156 PMCID: PMC4904029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is an extremely complex process that needs to be executed in a highly accurate manner in order to propagate the genome. This task requires the coordination of a number of enzymatic activities and it is fragile and prone to arrest after DNA damage. DNA damage tolerance provides a last line of defense that allows completion of DNA replication in the presence of an unrepaired template. One of such mechanisms is called post-replication repair (PRR) and it is used by the cells to bypass highly distorted templates caused by damaged bases. PRR is extremely important for the cellular life and performs the bypass of the damage both in an error-free and in an error-prone manner. In light of these two possible outcomes, PRR needs to be tightly controlled in order to prevent the accumulation of mutations leading ultimately to genome instability. Post-translational modifications of PRR proteins provide the framework for this regulation with ubiquitylation and SUMOylation playing a pivotal role in choosing which pathway to activate, thus controlling the different outcomes of damage bypass. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the DNA clamp for replicative polymerases, plays a central role in the regulation of damage tolerance and its modification by ubiquitin, and SUMO controls both the error-free and error-prone branches of PRR. Furthermore, a significant number of polymerases are involved in the bypass of DNA damage possess domains that can bind post-translational modifications and they are themselves target for ubiquitylation. In this review, we will focus on how ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications can regulate the DNA damage tolerance systems and how they control the recruitment of different proteins to the replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cipolla
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Antonio Maffia
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Federica Bertoletti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
| | - Simone Sabbioneda
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia Italia
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30
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Sugimura H. Susceptibility to human cancer: From the perspective of a pathologist. Pathol Int 2016; 66:359-68. [PMID: 27216305 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The etiologies of human cancer can only be discerned when the genetic clustering of cancer occurs within a family or when cancer occurs endemically in a particular environment. The possible approaches to solving the nature/nurture problem, especially for human carcinogenesis, posit a fascinating challenge for pathologists. This perspective review presents some examples of how clues to human cancer etiologies and/or susceptibilities reside in the realm of pathology practice. These examples using various omics techniques including adductomics, which I would like to highlight in this article, show that the currently available concepts and methods in human pathology can open a path toward the brave new world of a post-genomic era of medicine for young pathologists, whether their original intention was toward the pursuit of diagnostic or investigative knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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31
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Yeom M, Kim IH, Kim JK, Kang K, Eoff RL, Guengerich FP, Choi JY. Effects of Twelve Germline Missense Variations on DNA Lesion and G-Quadruplex Bypass Activities of Human DNA Polymerase REV1. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:367-79. [PMID: 26914252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Y-family DNA polymerase REV1 is involved in replicative bypass of damaged DNA and G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. In addition to a scaffolding role in the replicative bypass, REV1 acts in a catalytic role as a deoxycytidyl transferase opposite some replication stall sites, e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, N(2)-guanyl lesions, and G4 sites. We characterized the biochemical properties of 12 reported germline missense variants of human REV1, including the N373S variant associated with high risk of cervical cancer, using the recombinant REV1 (residues 330-833) proteins and DNA templates containing a G, AP site, N(2)-CH2(2-naphthyl)G (N(2)-NaphG), or G4. In steady-state kinetic analyses, the F427L, R434Q, M656V, D700N, R704Q, and P831L variants displayed 2- to 8-fold decreases in kcat/Km for dCTP insertion opposite all four templates, compared to that of wild-type, while the N373S, M407L, and N497S showed 2- to 3-fold increases with all four and the former three or two templates, respectively. The F427L, R434Q, M656V, and R704Q variants also had 2- to 3-fold lower binding affinities to DNA substrates containing G, an AP site, and/or N(2)-NaphG than wild-type. Distinctively, the N373S variant had a 3-fold higher binding affinity to G4 DNA than the wild-type, as well as a 2-fold higher catalytic activity opposite the first tetrad G, suggesting a facilitating effect of this variation on replication of G4 DNA sequences in certain human papillomavirus genomes. Our results suggest that the catalytic function of REV1 is moderately or slightly altered by at least nine genetic variations, and the G4 DNA processing function of REV1 is slightly enhanced by the N373S variation, which might provide the possibility that certain germline missense REV1 variations affect the individual susceptibility to carcinogenesis by modifying the capability of REV1 for replicative bypass past DNA lesions and G4 motifs derived from chemical and viral carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert L Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, United States
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Goričar K, Kovač V, Jazbec J, Zakotnik B, Lamovec J, Dolžan V. Translesion polymerase genes polymorphisms and haplotypes influence survival of osteosarcoma patients. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:180-5. [PMID: 25748439 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of most chemotherapeutic agents is based on their ability to induce DNA damage. Interstrand crosslinks are among the most detrimental forms of DNA damage as both DNA strands are affected. As translesion polymerases participate in their repair, they may be important for response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce such lesions, including commonly used cisplatin. Altered expression of translesion polymerase genes REV1 and REV3L may modify sensitivity to cisplatin. As osteosarcoma patients are commonly treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, our aim was to investigate if REV1 and REV3L polymorphisms influence survival of osteosarcoma patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We determined the genotypes of common functional tag REV1 and REV3L polymorphisms in 66 osteosarcoma patients. Cox regression was used for survival analysis. Carriers of at least one polymorphic REV1 rs3087403 allele had significantly shorter EFS and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004; HR = 3.79; 95%CI = 1.53-9.35 and p < 0.001; HR = 4.44; 95%CI = 1.92-10.27, respectively). Combination of REV1 rs3087403 and REV3L rs462779 polymorphisms was also significantly associated with shorter OS (ptrend<0.001) and shorter EFS (ptrend = 0.003). The results of this first study on polymorphisms in translesion polymerase genes in osteosarcoma suggest they could help predict outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- 1 Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grupp K, Roettger L, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Simon R, Lebok P, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Koop C, Graefen M, Adam M, Haese A, Wittmer C, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Huland H, Schlomm T, Steurer S, Krech T. Expression of DNA ligase IV is linked to poor prognosis and characterizes a subset of prostate cancers harboring TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PTEN deletion. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1211-20. [PMID: 26134445 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA ligases are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity as they are indispensable for DNA replication, recombination and repair. The present study was undertaken to gain insights into the prevalence and clinical significance of ligase IV (LIG4) expression in prostate cancer. A total of 11,152 prostate cancer specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for LIG4 expression. Results were compared to follow-up data, ERG status and deletions at PTEN, 3p13, 5q21 and 6q15. LIG4 expression was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells with increased intensities in malignant as compared to benign prostate epithelium. In prostate cancer, LIG4 expression was found in 91% of interpretable tumors, including 12% cancers with weak, 23% with moderate and 56% with strong LIG4 positivity. Strong LIG4 expression was tightly linked to advanced Gleason score (P<0.0001) and positive nodal involvement (P=0.03). There was a remarkable accumulation of strong LIG4 expression in tumors harboring TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PTEN deletions (P<0.0001 each). High LIG4 expression was also tightly related to early biochemical recurrence when all tumors (P<0.0001) or the subsets of ERG-negative (P=0.0004) or ERG-positive prostate cancers (P=0.006) were analyzed. Multivariate analysis including parameters that are available before surgery demonstrated independent association with biochemical recurrence for advanced Gleason grade on biopsy, high preoperative PSA level, high clinical stage (P<0.0001 each) and for LIG4 immunostaining (P=0.03). Our study identifies LIG4 as a predictor of an increased risk for early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer. Moreover, the strong association with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PTEN deletions suggest important interactions between these pathways in prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Roettger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini‑Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Adam
- Martini‑Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini‑Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini‑Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini‑Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Hori Y, Miyabe K, Yoshida M, Nakazawa T, Hayashi K, Naitoh I, Shimizu S, Kondo H, Nishi Y, Umemura S, Kato A, Ohara H, Inagaki H, Joh T. Impact of TP53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP 309 polymorphisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118829. [PMID: 25734904 PMCID: PMC4348172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TP53 (codon 72, rs1042522) and MDM2 promoter (SNP 309, rs2279744) have been associated with risk for various human cancers. However, studies analyzing these polymorphisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lacking. We investigated TP53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP 309 polymorphisms in 32 patients with PDAC, 16 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 32 normal controls, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. We also examined TP53 and MDM2 protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the involvement of these differences in malignant transformation and disease progression. TP53 Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more frequent in PDAC patients than in controls (65.6 vs. 15.6%, p < 0.001) and no significant difference was found between CP patients (37.5%) and controls. In MDM2 SNP 309, there were no significant differences among the three groups. Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall survival was significantly shorter in MDM2 G/G genotypes compared with other genotypes (G/T and T/T) (359 vs. 911 days, p = 0.016) whereas no significant differences in TP53 genotypes were observed (638 vs. 752 days, p = 0.471). Although TP53 IHC was frequent in PDAC patients (53.1%), TP53 and MDM2 protein expression was not correlated with polymorphisms. Our study demonstrated TP53 codon 72 polymorphism is potentially a genetic predisposing factor while MDM2 SNP 309 polymorphism might be useful in predicting survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuya Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ohara
- Department of Community-based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Xie S, Shan XF, Shang K, Xu H, He J, Cai ZG. Relevance of LIG4 gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6630. [PMID: 25314918 PMCID: PMC4197418 DOI: 10.1038/srep06630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of LIG4 gene may influence DNA repair ability, thus altering the genetic stability and resulting in carcinogenesis. A growing number of studies have investigated the relevance of LIG4 T9I (rs1805388) and D501D (rs1805386) polymorphisms with cancer risk, however, the results are conflicting. To obtain a comprehensive conclusion, we searched relevant literatures from PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Embase databases on May 15, 2014 and performed a meta-analysis. In this meta-analysis, a total of 17 articles were included. Of them, there were 15 studies with 5873 cases and 5771 controls for rs1805388 and 6 studies with 4161 cases and 4881 controls for rs1805386. Overall, our results suggested that there was no obvious relevance of LIG4 T9I polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. However, in subgroup analysis, we found the LIG4 T9I was associated with a slightly decreased cancer risk among Caucasians. As to the rs1805386, the genetic variant had no significant association with cancer risk. In conclusion, despite several limitations, this meta-analysis suggested that LIG4 T9I genetic variant is associated with a decreased risk of cancer among Caucasians, however, the rs1805386 gene polymorphism is not a risk factor of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang HT, Gao Y, Zhao YX, Yu H, Wang TL, Bai L, Chen YZ, Zhang HB, Zhou BS, Qu YL, Liu D, Chen Y. PARP-1 rs3219073 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to lung cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:736-40. [PMID: 25225750 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the PARP-1 rs3219073 C>G polymorphism and susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese people. METHODS In accordance with the case-control study principle, 645 of the patients had histologically recognized primary lung cancer, among them 240 had squamous carcinoma, 217 had adenocarcinoma, and 188 had small-cell lung cancer. The control group consisted of 643 healthy subjects who had received a physical examination. Extracts of peripheral blood were taken from all subjects, and genomic DNA was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. RESULTS After adjusting for age and smoking status, the results show significant association between genetic variations in the rs3219073 C/C genotype and an increased risk of lung cancer (p=0.045, odds ratio [OR]=0.625). After combining C/G, G/G is still statistically significant (p=0.042, OR=0.637). Hierarchical analysis found that the number of subjects with a G/G genotype in the adenocarcinoma group is lower than in the control group (p=0.015, OR=0.543). After combining C/G, G/G is still statistically significant (p=0.027, OR=0.595). After correcting for age and smoking status, the group with C/G genotype and the group with G/G genotype both appear to have a reduced risk for lung cancer compared with the control group (p=0.045, OR=0.566; p=0.013, OR=0.489). The combination of C/G and G/G displays a more statistically significant difference (p=0.018, OR=0.528). CONCLUSIONS The study found that PARP-1 rs3219073 C>G polymorphism is indeed associated with lung cancer susceptibility. The carriers of G alleles may have reduced risk of lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Tong Wang
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Kim J, Song I, Jo A, Shin JH, Cho H, Eoff RL, Guengerich FP, Choi JY. Biochemical analysis of six genetic variants of error-prone human DNA polymerase ι involved in translesion DNA synthesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1837-52. [PMID: 25162224 PMCID: PMC4203391 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
DNA
polymerase (pol) ι is the most error-prone among the
Y-family polymerases that participate in translesion synthesis (TLS).
Pol ι can bypass various DNA lesions, e.g., N2-ethyl(Et)G, O6-methyl(Me)G,
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), and an abasic site, though frequently
with low fidelity. We assessed the biochemical effects of six reported
genetic variations of human pol ι on its TLS properties, using
the recombinant pol ι (residues 1–445) proteins and DNA
templates containing a G, N2-EtG, O6-MeG, 8-oxoG, or abasic site. The Δ1–25
variant, which is the N-terminal truncation of 25
residues resulting from an initiation codon variant (c.3G > A)
and
also is the formerly misassigned wild-type, exhibited considerably
higher polymerase activity than wild-type with Mg2+ (but
not with Mn2+), coinciding with its steady-state kinetic
data showing a ∼10-fold increase in kcat/Km for nucleotide incorporation
opposite templates (only with Mg2+). The R96G variant,
which lacks a R96 residue known to interact with the incoming nucleotide,
lost much of its polymerase activity, consistent with the kinetic
data displaying 5- to 72-fold decreases in kcat/Km for nucleotide incorporation
opposite templates either with Mg2+ or Mn2+,
except for that opposite N2-EtG with Mn2+ (showing a 9-fold increase for dCTP incorporation). The
Δ1–25 variant bound DNA 20- to 29-fold more tightly than
wild-type (with Mg2+), but the R96G variant bound DNA 2-fold
less tightly than wild-type. The DNA-binding affinity of wild-type,
but not of the Δ1–25 variant, was ∼7-fold stronger
with 0.15 mM Mn2+ than with Mg2+. The results
indicate that the R96G variation severely impairs most of the Mg2+- and Mn2+-dependent TLS abilities of pol ι,
whereas the Δ1–25 variation selectively and substantially
enhances the Mg2+-dependent TLS capability of pol ι,
emphasizing the potential translational importance of these pol ι
genetic variations, e.g., individual differences in TLS, mutation,
and cancer susceptibility to genotoxic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, and ‡Department of Physiology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Lung cancer risk in relation to TP53 codon 47 and codon 72 polymorphism in Bangladeshi population. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10309-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Ren YW, Yin ZH, Wan Y, Guan P, Wu W, Li XL, Zhou BS. P53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms cooperate to increase lung adenocarcinoma risk in Chinese female non-smokers: a case control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5415-20. [PMID: 24175836 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell cycle deregulation is a major component of carcinogenesis. The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in regulating cell cycle arrest, and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key regulator of p53 activity and degradation. Abnormal expression of p53 and MDM2 occurs in various cancers including lung cancer. METHODS We investigated the distribution of the p53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) and MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744) genotypes in patients and healthy control subjects to assess whether these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinomas in Chinese female non- smokers. Genotypes of 764 patients and 983 healthy controls were determined using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS The p53 Pro/Pro genotype (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17-2.06) significantly correlated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma, compared with the Arg/Arg genotype. An increased risk was also noted for MDM2 GG genotype (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.27-2.21) compared with the TT genotype. Combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 GG genotypes (adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.54-4.60) had a supermultiplicative interaction with respect to lung adenocarcinoma risk. We also found that cooking oil fumes, fuel smoke, and passive smoking may increase the risk of lung adenocarcinomas in Chinese female non-smokers who carry p53 or MDM2 mutant alleles. CONCLUSIONS P53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms, either alone or in combination, are associated with an increased lung adenocarcinoma risk in Chinese female non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wu Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China E-mail :
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40
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Duan Y, Hu L, Liu B, Yu B, Li J, Yan M, Yu Y, Li C, Su L, Zhu Z, Xiang M, Liu B, Yang Q. Tumor suppressor miR-24 restrains gastric cancer progression by downregulating RegIV. Mol Cancer 2014; 41:373-85. [PMID: 24886316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate a variety of cellular processes by regulating multiple targets, which can promote or inhibit the development of malignant behaviors. Accumulating evidence suggests miR-24 plays important roles in human carcinogenesis. However, its precise biological role remains largely elusive. This study examined the role of miR-24 in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The expression of miR-24 in GC tissues compared with matched non-tumor tissues and GC cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Synthetic short single or double stranded RNA oligonucleotides and lentiviral vectors were used to regulate miR-24 expression in GC cells to investigate its function in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS miR-24 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues compared with matched non-tumor tissues and was associated with tumor differentiation. Ectopic expression of miR-24 in SGC-7901 GC cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro as well as tumorigenicity in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and promoting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified RegIV as a target of miR-24 and demonstrated that miR-24 regulated RegIV expression via binding its 3' untranslated region. CONCLUSIONS miR-24 functions as a novel tumor suppressor in GC and the anti-oncogenic activity may involve its inhibition of the target gene RegIV. These findings suggest the possibility for miR-24 as a therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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He XF, Liu LR, Wei W, Liu Y, Su J, Wang SL, Shen XL, Yang XB. Association between the XPG Asp1104His and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88490. [PMID: 24802942 PMCID: PMC4011698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The XPG (xeroderma pigmentosum type G) Asp1104His and XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum type F) Arg415Gln polymorphisms had been implicated in cancer susceptibility. The previous published data on the association between XPG Asp1104His and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms and cancer risk remained controversial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To derive a more precise estimation of the association between the XPG Asp1104His and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms and overall cancer risk, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between cancer susceptibility and XPG Asp1104His (32,162 cases and 39,858 controls from 66 studies) and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms (17,864 cases and 20,578 controls from 32 studies) in different inheritance models. We used odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to assess the strength of the association. Overall, significantly elevated cancer risk was found when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis of XPG Asp1104His (dominant model: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00-1.10; Asp/His vs. Asp/Asp: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.11). In the further stratified and sensitivity analyses, significantly decreased lung cancer risk was found for XPF Arg415Gln (dominant model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.96; Arg/Gln versus Arg/Arg: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71-0.97; additive model: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72-0.95) and significantly increased other cancer risk was found among hospital-based studies for XPG Asp1104His (dominant model: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02-1.49). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that XPF Arg415Gln polymorphism may be associated with decreased lung cancer risk and XPG Asp1104His may be a low-penetrant risk factor in some cancers development. And larger scale primary studies are required to further evaluate the interaction of XPG Asp1104His and XPF Arg415Gln polymorphisms and cancer risk in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Research, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Li-Rong Liu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Su-Lan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xu-Liang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xian-Bin Yang
- Department of Research, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Goričar K, Kovač V, Dolžan V. Polymorphisms in translesion polymerase genes influence treatment outcome in malignant mesothelioma. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:941-50. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the influence of genetic variability in translesion polymerases REV1 and REV3L on the outcome of cisplatin treatment in malignant mesothelioma patients. Materials & methods: In total, 139 malignant mesothelioma patients were genotyped for seven tag SNPs in REV1 and REV3L. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to assess the influence of SNPs on treatment outcome. Results: Polymorphic REV1 rs3087403 allele and REV1 TGT haplotype were associated with increased risk for leukopenia (p = 0.013 and p = 0.047, respectively) and neutropenia (p = 0.048 and p = 0.024, respectively). REV3L rs465646, rs462779 and REV3L CCGG haplotype were significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.007, p = 0.022 and p = 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest for the first time that REV1 and REV3L SNPs might serve as potential predictive markers of outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Original submitted 7 October 2013; Revision submitted 15 January 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovač
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ye F, Cheng Q, Shen J, Zhou C, Chen H. Mismatch repair gene MLH3 Pro844Leu and Thr942Ile polymorphisms and the susceptibility to cervical carcinoma and HPV infection: a case-control study in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96224. [PMID: 24759751 PMCID: PMC3997526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between MLH3 Pro844Leu, Thr942Ile polymorphisms and potential linkage with the risk of cervical carcinoma and potential effect on protein function, we carried out a case-control study with 400 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 400 CIN3 and 1200 normal controls in a Chinese population. The results showed that there was an increased risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3 associated with the genotype 844CT [OR 2.17 (1.61–2.94); P<0.001; OR 1.49 (1.08–2.07), P 0.017, respectively] and a decreased risk with the 942CT genotype [OR 0.56 (0.38–0.82); P<0.001; OR 0.37 (0.24–0.58), P<0.001, respectively]. Most 844CT genotypes were linkage CT(844)-CC(942), which increased the risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3 [77/83, OR 2.04 (1.48–2.80), P<0.001; 55/61, OR 1.46 (1.03–2.06), P 0.035, respectively]. Most 942CT were linkage CC(844)-CT(942), which decreased the risk of cervical carcinoma [29/35, OR 0.60 (0.40–0.91); P 0.017; 18/24, OR 0.33 (0.20–0.55), P<0.001, respectively]. In some grouping, the 844CT and 942CT were further enriched; especially HR-HPV-positive subjects both in the CIN3 and the cervical carcinoma, the 844CT had greater enrichment. These results included that CT(844)-CC(942) was associated with a high risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3, and the CC(844)-CT(942) decreased the risk. The 844CT had a higher level of enrichment in HR-HPV positive individuals, which is probably related to HR-HPV susceptibility. There was no significant difference of the MLH3 mRNA expression and these two amino acid substitutions did not impact on the protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajie Shen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaizeng Chen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang YH, Xu XL, Ruan HH, Xu WZ, Li D, Feng JG, Han QB, Mao WM. The impact of functional LIG4 polymorphism on platinum-based chemotherapy response and survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:959. [PMID: 24722796 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair capacity is correlated with the sensitivity of cancer cells toward platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes NBS1, LIG4, and RAD51 were correlated with tumor response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a Chinese population who received platinum-based chemotherapy. The treatment outcomes of 146 advanced NSCLC patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were evaluated. The polymorphic status of three SNPs was determined by genotyping via the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Forty-five patients in the group with the CC genotype (45/90) showed a good response to treatment, while only 18 patients in the CT+TT group (18/55) showed a good response, indicating a substantial differences in the chemotherapy response rate based on the LIG4 Thr9Ile polymorphism (P = 0.042). Patients with the GG genotype for the NSB1 Glu185Gln polymorphism were more sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy compared with patients with either the CG or CC genotype (P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis of all patients showed a significant association between the LIG4 Thr9Ile CC polymorphism and superior progression-free survival and overall survival (log-rank P = 0.045 and 0.031, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in survival based on the LIG4 Thr9Ile or the RAD51 135G>C polymorphisms. Polymorphisms in the NSB1 and LIG4 genes may be a predictive marker for treatment response and for advanced NSCLC patients in stage IIIB + IV. The CC genotype of the LIG4 Thr9Ile polymorphism may also serve as an independent prognosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hua Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
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Becker JR, Nguyen HD, Wang X, Bielinsky AK. Mcm10 deficiency causes defective-replisome-induced mutagenesis and a dependency on error-free postreplicative repair. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1737-48. [PMID: 24674891 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mcm10 is a multifunctional replication factor with reported roles in origin activation, polymerase loading, and replication fork progression. The literature supporting these variable roles is controversial, and it has been debated whether Mcm10 has an active role in elongation. Here, we provide evidence that the mcm10-1 allele confers alterations in DNA synthesis that lead to defective-replisome-induced mutagenesis (DRIM). Specifically, we observed that mcm10-1 cells exhibited elevated levels of PCNA ubiquitination and activation of the translesion polymerase, pol-ζ. Whereas translesion synthesis had no measurable impact on viability, mcm10-1 mutants also engaged in error-free postreplicative repair (PRR), and this pathway promoted survival at semi-permissive conditions. Replication gaps in mcm10-1 were likely caused by elongation defects, as dbf4-1 mutants, which are compromised for origin activation did not display any hallmarks of replication stress. Furthermore, we demonstrate that deficiencies in priming, induced by a pol1-1 mutation, also resulted in DRIM, but not in error-free PRR. Similar to mcm10-1 mutants, DRIM did not rescue the replication defect in pol1-1 cells. Thus, it appears that DRIM is not proficient to fill replication gaps in pol1-1 and mcm10-1 mutants. Moreover, the ability to correctly prime nascent DNA may be a crucial prerequisite to initiate error-free PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hai Dang Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, MN USA
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Liang Y, Deng J, Xiong Y, Wang S, Xiong W. Genetic association between ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism and lung cancer risk: evidence based on a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5613-8. [PMID: 24596032 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between excision repair cross-complementing group 5 (ERCC5) rs17655 polymorphism and lung cancer risk remains controversial. To clarify the association, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of all published case-control studies. PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched to identify the possibly eligible publications. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was estimated using the fixed effect model. Q test and I (2) index were used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies, and Egger's and Begg's tests were utilized to assess publication bias. Meta-analysis of nine case-control studies including 4,044 cases and 5,100 controls indicated that there was no global association between rs17655 polymorphism and lung cancer risk. Subgroup analyses according to ethnicity and histologic type revealed similar results. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphism may not contribute to genetic susceptibility for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China,
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Endo F, Nishizuka SS, Kume K, Ishida K, Katagiri H, Ishida K, Sato K, Iwaya T, Koeda K, Wakabayashi G. A compensatory role of NF-κB to p53 in response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy for gastric cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90155. [PMID: 24587255 PMCID: PMC3937424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite of remarkable improvement of postoperative 5-FU–based adjuvant chemotherapy, the relapse rate of gastric cancer patients who undergo curative resection followed by the adjuvant chemotherapy remains substantial. Therefore, it is important to identify prediction markers for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-FU. We recently identified NF-κB as a candidate relapse prediction biomarker in gastric cancer. To evaluate the biological significance of NF-κB in the context of 5-FU–based chemotherapy, we analyzed the NF-κB-dependent biological response upon 5-FU treatment in gastric cancer cell lines. Seven genes induced by 5-FU treatment in an NF-κB-dependent manner were identified, five of which are known p53 targets. Knockdown of RELA, which encodes the p65 subunit of NF-κB, decreased both p53 and p53 target protein levels. In contrast, NF-κB was not affected by TP53 knockdown. We also demonstrated that cell lines bearing Pro/Pro homozygosity in codon72 of p53 exon4, which is important for NF-κB binding to p53, are more resistant to 5-FU than those with Arg/Arg homozygosity. We conclude that NF-κB plays an important role in the response to 5-FU treatment in gastric cancer cell lines, with a possible compensatory function of p53. These results suggest that NF-κB is a potential 5-FU-chemosensitivity prediction marker that may reflect 5-FU-induced stress-response pathways, including p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Endo
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Satoshi S. Nishizuka
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- MIAST (Medical Innovation by Advanced Science and Technology) project, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kohei Kume
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- MIAST (Medical Innovation by Advanced Science and Technology) project, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ishida
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Katagiri
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ishida
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwaya
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koeda
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Lung cancer risk and genetic variants in East Asians: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5173-9. [PMID: 24515656 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent results are often found regarding the risk of genetic variants in lung cancer association studies. To alleviate these conflicts, we performed a large-scale meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of variants on lung cancer in East Asian population (Han Chinese, Japanese, and Korean). Forty-three genetic variants with data from at least three independent case-control studies were under investigation of which two variants (rs1800734 in hMLH1, rs2273953-rs1801173 bi-marker in P73) were first meta-analyzed in East Asians. We found that three variants in CYP1A1, GSTM1, and XRCC1 showed consistently significant associations with lung cancer in mixed analysis and stratified analysis, and several variants showed diverse effects interacting with different environmental factors in stratified analysis. Our study presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of lung cancer association studies in East Asians and confirms the effect of three variants in lung cancer risk. Additionally, result from stratified analysis suggests the importance of inclusion of environmental factors, such as smoking and tumor histology, in the analysis.
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Zhu ML, Hua RX, Zheng L. Associations between polymorphisms of the XPC gene and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2931-9. [PMID: 24375193 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) gene plays a critical role in DNA damage recognition, and its functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may alter DNA repair capacity and cancer susceptibility. Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the associations between XPC Lys939Gln and Ala499Val polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility, but the conclusions are inconclusive. We searched three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and EBSCO) for eligible publications and performed a meta-analysis assessing the associations between XPC Lys939Gln and Ala499Val polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. We also analysed the genotype-mRNA expression correlation using the data of HapMap phase II release 23 with 270 individuals from 4 ethnicities for exploring biological plausibility of our findings. We included ten published studies of 3,882 cases and 5,219 controls for Lys939Gln, and five studies with 2,605 cases and 3,329 controls for Ala499Val. When all studies were pooled, we found a significantly increased overall lung cancer risk for Lys939Gln polymorphism (recessive model: OR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.29, P = 0.218 for heterogeneity). Stratification analysis also showed a higher lung cancer risk in Asian populations (recessive model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.52, P = 0.263 for heterogeneity). Interestingly, we found significant correlation between Lys939Gln genotypes and XPC mRNA expression for Asian populations as well. However, we did not observe any association between Ala499Val polymorphism and overall lung cancer risk, nor in further stratification analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism may contribute to lung cancer risk, which needs further validation in single larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black/white disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality mandate an evaluation of underlying biological differences. We have previously shown higher risks of lung cancer associated with prior emphysema in African American compared with white patients with lung cancer. METHODS We therefore evaluated a panel of 1440 inflammatory gene variants in a two-phase analysis (discovery and replication), added top genome-wide association studies (GWAS) lung cancer hits from white populations, and 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a published gene panel. The discovery set (477 self-designated African Americans cases, 366 controls matched on age, ethnicity, and gender) were from Houston, Texas. The external replication set (330 cases and 342 controls) was from the EXHALE study at Wayne State University. RESULTS In discovery, 154 inflammation SNPs were significant (p < 0.05) on univariate analysis, as was one of the gene panel SNPs (rs308738 in REV1, p = 0.0013), and three GWAS hits, rs16969968 p = 0.0014 and rs10519203 p = 0.0003 in the 15q locus and rs2736100, in the HTERT locus, p = 0.0002. One inflammation SNP, rs950286, was successfully replicated with a concordant odds ratio of 1.46 (1.14-1.87) in discovery, 1.37 (1.05-1.77) in replication, and a combined odds ratio of 1.40 (1.17-1.68). This SNP is intergenic between IRF4 and EXOC2 genes. We also constructed and validated epidemiologic and extended risk prediction models. The area under the curve (AUC) for the epidemiologic discovery model was 0.77 and 0.80 for the extended model. For the combined datasets, the AUC values were 0.75 and 0.76, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As has been reported for other cancer sites and populations, incorporating top genetic hits into risk prediction models, provides little improvement in model performance and no clinical relevance.
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