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Su Y, Zhao L, Lei D, Yang X. Inhibition of circ_0073932 attenuates myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury via miR-493-3p/FAF1/JNK. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:628-643. [PMID: 38578382 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis play crucial roles in myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this study, we investigated the role of circ_0073932 in MIRI as well as its molecular mechanism. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocyte model was established with H9C2 cardiomyocytes, and RT-qPCR was used to measure gene expression. We observed that circ_0073932 expression was abnormally increased in the H/R cardiomyocyte model and in blood samples from MIRI patients. Inhibition of circ_0073932 suppressed H/R-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress (ROS, LDH and MDA), and p-JNK expression. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that circ_0073932 targeted the downregulation of miR-493-3p, and miR-493-3p targeted the downregulation of FAF1. Furthermore, si-circ_0073932, an miR-493-3p inhibitor, oe-FAF1, or si-FAF1 were transfected into H9C2 cardiomyocytes to investigate the roles of these factors in MIRI. Our results showed that compared with the H/R group, si-circ_0073932 inhibited H/R-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress (ROS, LDH and MDA), and p-JNK expression. These results were reversed by the miR-493-3p inhibitor or oe-FAF1. Finally, a rat model of MIRI was established, and si-circ_0073932 was administered. Inhibition of circ_0073932 reduced the area of myocardial infarction and decreased the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Our study indicated that circ_0073932 mediates MIRI via miR-493-3p/FAF1/JNK in vivo and in vitro, revealing novel insights into the pathogenesis of MIRI and providing a new target for the clinical treatment of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- The Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Radiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongli Lei
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Information Statistics Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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Yang E, Fan X, Ye H, Sun X, Ji Q, Ding Q, Zhong S, Zhao S, Xuan C, Fang M, Ding X, Cao J. Exploring the role of ubiquitin regulatory X domain family proteins in cancers: bioinformatics insights, mechanisms, and implications for therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:157. [PMID: 38365777 PMCID: PMC10870615 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
UBXD family (UBXDF), a group of proteins containing ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domains, play a crucial role in the imbalance of proliferation and apoptotic in cancer. In this study, we summarised bioinformatics proof on multi-omics databases and literature on UBXDF's effects on cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) has the largest number of gene alterations in the UBXD family and has been linked to survival and cancer progression in many cancers. UBXDF may affect tumour microenvironment (TME) and drugtherapy and should be investigated in the future. We also summarised the experimental evidence of the mechanism of UBXDF in cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its application in clinical and targeted drugs. We compared bioinformatics and literature to provide a multi-omics insight into UBXDF in cancers, review proof and mechanism of UBXDF effects on cancers, and prospect future research directions in-depth. We hope that this paper will be helpful for direct cancer-related UBXDF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaowei Fan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haihan Ye
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong , 999077, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Qianyun Ding
- Department of 'A', The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shulian Zhong
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hospital, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Head and Neck and Rare Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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Hu D, Yamada H, Yoshimura K, Ohta T, Tsuchiya K, Inoue Y, Funai K, Suda T, Iwashita Y, Watanabe T, Ogawa H, Kurono N, Shinmura K, Sugimura H. High Expression of Fas-Associated Factor 1 Indicates a Poor Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9484-9500. [PMID: 37999107 PMCID: PMC10670600 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) is a death-promoting protein identified as an interaction partner of the death receptor Fas. The downregulation and mutation of FAF1 have been reported in a variety of human tumors, but there have been few studies on lung cancer. Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of FAF1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and whether aberrant FAF1 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of NSCLC. FAF1 expression was examined in NSCLC specimens as well as human lung cancer cell lines. In addition, changes in cell viability and apoptosis upon regulating FAF1 expression were investigated in lung cancer cell lines. As a result, high FAF1 expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC. In lung cancer cell lines, FAF1 downregulation hindered cell viability and tended to promote early apoptosis. In conclusion, this is the first study of the clinical significance of FAF1 in NSCLC, showing that FAF1 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC and that FAF1 acts as a dangerous factor rather than an apoptosis promoter in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Hu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Hidetaka Yamada
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Ohta
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu 431-2102, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Nobuhito Kurono
- Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (D.H.); (K.Y.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.I.); (Y.I.); (K.S.)
- Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Expression and Localization of Fas-Associated Factor 1 in Testicular Tissues of Different Ages and Ovaries at Different Reproductive Cycle Phases of Bos grunniens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030340. [PMID: 36766229 PMCID: PMC9913830 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a member of the Fas family, is involved in biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation and proteostasis. This study aimed to explore the biological role of FAF1 in testicular tissue at different ages (juveniles (1 and 2 years old), adults (3, 4, 6, and 7 years old) and old-aged animals (11 years old)) and ovaries during different reproductive cycle phases (follicular, luteal, and pregnancy phases). FAF1 mRNA, relative protein expression and protein expression localization were determined in testes and ovaries using real-time quantification, WB and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Real-time quantification of testis tissues showed that the relative expression of FAF1 mRNA in testis tissues at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was significantly higher than of those in other ages, and in ovarian tissues was significantly higher in luteal phase ovaries than those in follicular and pregnancy phase ovaries; follicular phase ovaries were the lowest. WB of testis tissues showed that the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher at 11 and 7 years of age; in ovarian tissue, the relative protein expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher in follicular phase ovaries than in luteal and pregnancy phase ovaries, and lowest in luteal phase ovaries. The relative protein expression of FAF1 at 3, 4 and 7 years of age was the lowest. IHC showed that FAF1 was mainly expressed in spermatozoa, spermatocytes, spermatogonia and supporting cells; in ovarian tissue, FAF1 was expressed in ovarian germ epithelial cells, granulosa cells, cumulus cells and luteal cells. The IHC results showed that FAF1 mRNA and protein were significantly differentially expressed in testes of different ages and ovarian tissues of different reproductive cycle phases, revealing the significance of FAF1 in the regulation of male and female B. grunniens reproductive physiology. Furthermore, our results provide a basis for the further exploration of FAF1 in the reproductive physiology of B. grunniens.
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Park G, Kim BS, Kim E. A novel function of FAF1, which induces dopaminergic neuronal death through cell-to-cell transmission. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:133. [PMID: 32831099 PMCID: PMC7444258 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) has been implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and activates the cell death machinery in the cytosol. However, the presence of extracellular FAF1 has not been studied. Methods Serum-free conditioned medium (CM) from FAF1-transfected SH-SY5Y cells was concentrated and analyzed by western blotting. Exosomes were isolated from CM by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by western blotting, electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Soluble FAF1 from CM was immunodepleted using anti-FAF1 antibody. Transmission of secreted FAF1 was examined by transwell assay under a confocal microscope. CM-induced cell death was determined by measuring propidium iodide (PI) uptake using a flow cytometer. Results FAF1 was secreted from SH-SY5Y cells via exocytosis and brefeldin A (BFA)-resistant secretory pathways. Furthermore, FAF1 was secreted as a vesicle-free form and a genuine exosome cargo in the lumen of exosomes. In addition, FAF1 increased the number of exosomes, suggesting a regulatory role in exosome biogenesis. Extracellular FAF1 was transmitted via endocytosis to neighboring cells, where it induced cell death through apoptotic and necrotic pathways. Conclusions This study presents a novel route by which FAF1 induces neuronal death through cell-to-cell transmission. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongrin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Bok-Seok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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Bonjoch L, Franch-Expósito S, Garre P, Belhadj S, Muñoz J, Arnau-Collell C, Díaz-Gay M, Gratacós-Mulleras A, Raimondi G, Esteban-Jurado C, Soares de Lima Y, Herrera-Pariente C, Cuatrecasas M, Ocaña T, Castells A, Fillat C, Capellá G, Balaguer F, Caldés T, Valle L, Castellví-Bel S. Germline Mutations in FAF1 Are Associated With Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:227-240.e7. [PMID: 32179092 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A significant proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases have familial aggregation but little is known about the genetic factors that contribute to these cases. We performed an exhaustive functional characterization of genetic variants associated with familial CRC. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing analyses of 75 patients from 40 families with a history of CRC (including early-onset cases) of an unknown germline basis (discovery cohort). We also sequenced specific genes in DNA from an external replication cohort of 473 families, including 488 patients with colorectal tumors that had normal expression of mismatch repair proteins (validation cohort). We disrupted the Fas-associated factor 1 gene (FAF1) in DLD-1 CRC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing; some cells were transfected with plasmids that express FAF1 missense variants. Cells were analyzed by immunoblots, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and functional assays monitoring apoptosis, proliferation, and assays for Wnt signaling or nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B activity. RESULTS We identified predicted pathogenic variant in the FAF1 gene (c.1111G>A; p.Asp371Asn) in the discovery cohort; it was present in 4 patients of the same family. We identified a second variant in FAF1 in the validation cohort (c.254G>C; p.Arg85Pro). Both variants encoded unstable FAF1 proteins. Expression of these variants in CRC cells caused them to become resistant to apoptosis, accumulate beta-catenin in the cytoplasm, and translocate NF-kappa-B to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS In whole-exome sequencing analyses of patients from families with a history of CRC, we identified variants in FAF1 that associate with development of CRC. These variants encode unstable forms of FAF1 that increase resistance of CRC cells to apoptosis and increase activity of beta-catenin and NF-kappa-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Franch-Expósito
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Garre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC). Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Arnau-Collell
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gratacós-Mulleras
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Gene Therapy and Cancer, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Esteban-Jurado
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin Soares de Lima
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) and Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Gene Therapy and Cancer, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC). Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yoon JS, Jo D, Lee HS, Yoo SW, Lee TY, Hwang WS, Choi JM, Kim E, Kim SS, Suh-Kim H. Spatiotemporal Protein Atlas of Cell Death-Related Molecules in the Rat MCAO Stroke Model. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:287-298. [PMID: 30181691 PMCID: PMC6120968 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and cerebral infarction triggered by the blockage of blood supply can cause damage to the brain via a complex series of pathological changes. Recently, diverse therapies have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of stroke. These treatments exert therapeutic effects by acting on diverse target molecules and cells in different time windows from the acute to chronic phases. Here, using immunohistochemistry, we show pathophysiological changes in the brain microenvironment at the hyperacute (within 6 h), acute (1~3 days), subacute (7 days), and chronic (1 month) phases following ischemic injury. Ischemic injury in rats was induced by occluding the middle cerebral artery and was validated by magnetic resonance imaging. The progression of damage to the brain was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for NeuN+ neurons, GFAP+ astrocytes, and Iba1+ microglia, and by the emergence of the cell death-related molecules such as AIF, FAF1, and activated caspase-3. Our data regarding the spatial and temporal information on pathophysiological changes may warrant the investigation of the timing of administration of therapeutic treatments in preclinical studies with an animal model of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seon Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Darong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Woo Sup Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon 16499, Korea
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XIAP Interacts with and Regulates the Activity of FAF1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1335-1348. [PMID: 28414080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell death depends on the balance between the activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays an important role in the cytoprotective process by inhibiting the caspase cascade and regulating pro-survival signaling pathways. While searching for novel interacting partners of XIAP, we identified Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1). Contrary to XIAP, FAF1 is a pro-apoptotic factor that also regulates several signaling pathways in which XIAP is involved. However, the functional relationship between FAF1 and XIAP is unknown. Here, we describe a new interaction between XIAP and FAF1 and describe the functional implications of their opposing roles in cell death and NF-κB signaling. Our results clearly demonstrate the interaction of XIAP with FAF1 and define the specific region of the interaction. We observed that XIAP is able to block FAF1-mediated cell death by interfering with the caspase cascade and directly interferes in NF-κB pathway inhibition by FAF1. Furthermore, we show that XIAP promotes ubiquitination of FAF1. Conversely, FAF1 does not interfere with the anti-apoptotic activity of XIAP, despite binding to the BIR domains of XIAP; however, FAF1 does attenuate XIAP-mediated NF-κB activation. Altered expression of both factors has been implicated in degenerative and cancerous processes; therefore, studying the balance between XIAP and FAF1 in these pathologies will aid in the development of novel therapies.
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Chen WK, Yu XH, Yang W, Wang C, He WS, Yan YG, Zhang J, Wang WJ. lncRNAs: novel players in intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27859817 PMCID: PMC6529103 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The term long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a group of RNAs with length more than 200 nucleotides, limited protein‐coding potential, and having widespread biological functions, including regulation of transcriptional patterns and protein activity, formation of endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and natural microRNA (miRNA) sponges. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common chronic, prevalent and age‐related degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. Numbers of lncRNAs are differentially expressed in human degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue and OA cartilage. Moreover, some lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in multiple pathological processes during OA, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammatory responses, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning lncRNAs, from their biogenesis, classification and biological functions to molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in IDD and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Medical Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Si He
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Jeong JW, Yu C, Lee JH, Moon KS, Kim E, Yoo SE, Koo TS. Subacute toxicity evaluation of KR-33493, FAF1 inhibitor for a new anti-parkinson's disease agent, after oral administration in rats and dogs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:387-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yu C, Kim BS, Kim E. FAF1 mediates regulated necrosis through PARP1 activation upon oxidative stress leading to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1873-1885. [PMID: 27662363 PMCID: PMC5071579 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative damage caused by oxidative stress results in diverse pathological conditions. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death following oxidative stress is important. Here, we describe a novel role for Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) as a crucial regulator of necrotic cell death elicited by hydrogen peroxide. Upon oxidative insult, FAF1 translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and promoted the catalytic activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) through physical interaction. Moreover, FAF1 depletion prevented PARP1-linked downstream events involved in the triggering of cell death, including energetic collapse, mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), implying that FAF1 has a key role in PARP1-dependent necrosis in response to oxidative stress. We further investigated whether FAF1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease through excessive PARP1 activation. Indeed, the overexpression of FAF1 using a recombinant adeno-associated virus system in the mouse ventral midbrain promoted PARP1 activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Collectively, our data demonstrate the presence of an FAF1-PARP1 axis that is involved in oxidative stress-induced necrosis and in the pathology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsun Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bok-seok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Chen J, Ge L, Liu A, Yuan Y, Ye J, Zhong J, Liu L, Chen X. Identification of pathways related to FAF1/H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis through an integrated approach based on iTRAQ quantification and literature review. J Proteomics 2016; 131:163-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yuan YL, Liu AQ, Feng J, Chen JW, Ge LY. Effects of FAF1 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma HGC-27 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:17-23. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of the overexpression of Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 to explore the relationship between FAF1 and gastric cancer.
METHODS: HGC-27 cells were divided into three groups: a negative control group, an empty vector transfection group (those transfected with empty vector particles 1.0 × 108 TU/mL), and a FAF1 overexpression group (those transfected with recombinant FAF1 lentiviral particles 1.0 × 108 TU/mL). Transfection efficiency was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein expression level of FAF1 was detected by Western blot. Changes of cell ultrastructure were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.
RESULTS: The transfection efficiency was greater than 95% according to the green fluorescence. The expression of FAF1 protein was significantly higher in the FAF1 overexpression group than in the two control groups. The cell ultrastructure was normal in the two control groups; however, in the FAF1 overexpression group, cell nuclei split into pieces and apoptotic bodies and vacuoles formed. Overexpression of FAF1 inhibited HGC-27 cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, and changed the cell cycle progression. Compared to the negative control group and empty vector transfection group, cell doubling time was significantly extended, cell apoptosis was significantly increased (84.66% ± 5.92% vs 4.60% ± 3.80%, 7.32% ± 3.82%, both P < 0.05), the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was significantly decreased (46.43% ± 2.43% vs 54.93% ± 3.5%, 54% ± 0.3%, both P < 0.05), and the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was significantly increased (29.78% ± 3.91% vs 19.33% ± 3.82%, 20.93% ± 2.46%, both P < 0.05) in the FAF1 overexpression group.
CONCLUSION: FAF1 overexpression could inhibit cell growth, induce cell apoptosis, and change cell cycle progression.
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Hyland PL, Lin SW, Hu N, Zhang H, Wang L, Su H, Wang C, Ding T, Tang ZZ, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Xiong X, Wheeler W, Giffen C, Yu K, Yuenger J, Burdett L, Wang Z, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Goldstein AM, Abnet CC, Taylor PR. Genetic variants in fas signaling pathway genes and risk of gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:822-31. [PMID: 23921907 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Populations in north central China are at high risk for gastric cancers (GC), and altered FAS-mediated cell signaling and/or apoptosis may contribute to this risk. We examined the association of 554 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 53 Fas signaling-related genes using a pathway-based approach in 1758 GC cases (1126 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA) and 632 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas (GNCA)), and 2111 controls from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of GC in ethnic Chinese. SNP associations with risk of overall GC, GCA and GNCA were evaluated using unconditional logistic regressions controlling for age, sex and study. Gene- and pathway-based associations were tested using the adaptive rank-truncated product (ARTP) method. Statistical significance was evaluated empirically by permutation. Significant pathway-based associations were observed for Fas signaling with risk of overall GC (p = 5.5E-04) and GCA (p = 6.3E-03), but not GNCA (p= 8.1E-02). Among examined genes in the Fas signaling pathway, MAP2K4, FAF1, MAPK8, CASP10, CASP8, CFLAR, MAP2K1, CAP8AP2, PAK2 and IKBKB were associated with risk of GC (nominal p < 0.05), and FAF1 and MAPK8 were significantly associated with risk of both GCA and GNCA (nominal p< 0.05). Our examination of genetic variation in the Fas signaling pathway is consistent with an association of altered Fas signaling and/or apoptosis with risk of GC. As one of the first attempts to investigate a pathway-level association, our results suggest that these genes and the Fas signaling pathway warrant further evaluation in relation to GC risk in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Hyland
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sul JW, Park MY, Shin J, Kim YR, Yoo SE, Kong YY, Kwon KS, Lee YH, Kim E. Accumulation of the parkin substrate, FAF1, plays a key role in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1558-73. [PMID: 23307929 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the physical and functional interplay between Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a death-promoting protein, and parkin, a key susceptibility protein for Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that parkin acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate FAF1 both in vitro and at cellular level, identifying FAF1 as a direct substrate of parkin. The loss of parkin function due to PD-linked mutations was found to disrupt the ubiquitination and degradation of FAF1, resulting in elevated FAF1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, FAF1-mediated cell death was abolished by wild-type parkin, but not by PD-linked parkin mutants, implying that parkin antagonizes the death potential of FAF1. This led us to investigate whether FAF1 participates in the pathogenesis of PD. To address this, we used a gene trap mutagenesis approach to generate mutant mice with diminished levels of FAF1 (Faf1(gt/gt)). Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse model of PD, we found that FAF1 accumulated in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of MPTP-treated PD mice, and that MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss in the SNc was significantly attenuated in Faf1(gt/gt) mice versus Faf1(+/+) mice. MPTP-induced reduction of locomotor activity was also lessened in Faf1(gt/gt) mice versus Faf1(+/+) mice. Furthermore, we found that FAF1 deficiency blocked PD-linked biochemical events, including caspase activation, ROS generation, JNK activation and cell death. Taken together, these results suggest a new role for FAF1: that of a positive modulator for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Won Sul
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Reduced FAF1 Expression and Helicobacter Infection: Correlations with Clinicopathological Features in Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:153219. [PMID: 23304123 PMCID: PMC3530185 DOI: 10.1155/2012/153219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between FAF1 expression and aspects of gastric cancer, in particular its clinical characteristics and Helicobacter infection. Materials and Methods. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze expression of FAF1 mRNA and protein in 40 gastric cancer patients. H. pylori infection was detected by three staining protocols. Results. The expression level of FAF1 mRNA was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissue than in normal gastric mucosa from the same patient (P < 0.05). FAF1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in stage IV gastric cancer than in stage I+II or IIIA+IIIB (P = 0.004) and also significantly lower in gastric cancer with distant metastasis. FAF1 mRNA expression was higher in well-differentiated cancer than in poorly-differentiated cancer (0.39 ± 0.06 versus 0.19 ± 0.06, t = 9.966, P < 0.01). FAF1 protein was detected in 15 of 40 (37.5%) cancerous tissue samples and in 29 of 40 (72.5%) corresponding normal tissue samples (P < 0.01). FAF1 mRNA expression was lower in H. pylori-positive cancerous tissue samples than in H. pylori-negative ones (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Downregulation of FAF1 expression may be related to the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer, and H. pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis may downregulate FAF1 expression.
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Jang MS, Lee SJ, Kim CJ, Lee CW, Kim E. Phosphorylation by polo-like kinase 1 induces the tumor-suppressing activity of FADD. Oncogene 2011; 30:471-81. [PMID: 20890306 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein sensitizes cancer cells to various chemotherapeutics. However, the molecular mechanism underlying chemosensitization by phosphorylated FADD (P-FADD) is poorly understood. In this study, we describe the physical interactions and functional interplay between Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and FADD. Plk1 phosphorylates FADD at Ser-194 in response to treatment with taxol. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-mimicking mutant, FADD S194D, caused degradation of Plk1 in an ubiquitin-independent manner, and delayed cytokinesis, consistent with the expected cellular phenotype of Plk1 deficiency. This demonstrates that Plk1 is regulated via a negative feedback loop by its substrate, FADD. Overexpression of FADD S194D sensitized HeLa cells to a low dose of taxol independently of caspase activation, whereas overexpression of FADD S194D resulted in caspase activation in response to a high dose of taxol. Therefore, we examined whether the death potential of P-FADD affected Plk1-mediated tumorigenesis. Transfection of FADD S194D inhibited colony formation by Plk1-overexpressing HeLa cells (HeLa-Plk1). Moreover, overexpression of FADD S194D suppressed tumorigenesis in nude mice xenografted with HeLa-Plk1. Therefore, this study reports the first in vivo validation of tumor-suppressing activity of P-FADD. Collectively, our data demonstrate that in response to taxol, Plk1 endows death-promoting and tumor-suppressor functions to its substrate, FADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Jang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Liu AQ, Ge LY, Luo XL, Luo Y, Lin ST. Relationship between FAF1 mRNA expression and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2422-2426. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i23.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) mRNA and to analyze its relationship with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in gastric cancer.
METHODS: Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of FAF1 mRNA in 40 gastric cancer specimens and matched normal gastric mucosa tissue specimens. The β-actin gene was used as a reference for normalization of FAF1 expression level. H.pylori infection was detected by HE Staining, toluidine blue staining and Warthin-Starry silver staining.
RESULTS: The expression level of FAF1 mRNA was significantly lower in gastric cancer than in corresponding normal gastric mucosa tissue (0.27 ± 0.12 vs 0.48 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). The expression level of FAF1 mRNA in well-differentiated cancer tissue was higher than that in poorly differentiated cancer tissue (0.39 ± 0.06 vs 0.19 ± 0.06, t = 9.966, P < 0.01). The expression level of FAF1 mRNA was significantly lower in gastric cancer with distant metastasis than in that without distant metastasis (0.25 ± 0.11 vs 0.34 ± 0.14, t = 2.753, P < 0.01). The expression of FAF1 mRNA showed no obvious relationship with tumor size, infiltration degree, stage, and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. The expression level of FAF1 in H.pylori-positive patients was lower than that in H.pylori-negative patients (0.18 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.12, P < 0.05), whereas FAF1 expression had no significant correlation with H.pylori infection in normal gastric mucosa tissue (0.49 ± 0.08 vs 0.47 ± 0.11, t = 0.6515, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Abnormal expression of the FAF1 gene may be related to the carcinogenesis and development of gastric cancer, and the expression level of FAF1 gene can be down-regulated by H.pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis.
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Song J, Park JK, Lee JJ, Choi YS, Ryu KS, Kim JH, Kim E, Lee KJ, Jeon YH, Kim EE. Structure and interaction of ubiquitin-associated domain of human Fas-associated factor 1. Protein Sci 2010; 18:2265-76. [PMID: 19722279 DOI: 10.1002/pro.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fas-associated factor (FAF)-1 is a multidomain protein that was first identified as a member of the Fas death-inducing signaling complex, but later found to be involved in various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms are not clear, FAF1 seems to play an important role in cancer, asbestos-induced mesotheliomas, and Parkinson's disease. It interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, Hsp70, and p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein), in addition to the proteins of the Fas-signaling pathway. We have determined the crystal structure of the ubiquitin-associated domain of human FAF1 (hFAF1-UBA) and examined its interaction with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance. hFAF1-UBA revealed a canonical three-helical bundle that selectively binds to mono- and di-ubiquitin (Lys48-linked), but not to SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-related modifier 1) or NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8). The interaction between hFAF1-UBA and di-ubiquitin involves hydrophobic interaction accompanied by a transition in the di-ubiquitin conformation. These results provide structural insight into the mechanism of polyubiquitin recognition by hFAF1-UBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsue Song
- Magnetic Resonance Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
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Menges CW, Altomare DA, Testa JR. FAS-associated factor 1 (FAF1): diverse functions and implications for oncogenesis. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:2528-34. [PMID: 19597341 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.16.9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor 1, FAF1, is an evolutionarily conserved protein that has several protein interaction domains. Although FAF1 was initially identified as a member of the FAS death-inducing signaling complex, subsequent work has revealed that FAF1 functions in diverse biological processes. FAF1 has been shown to play an important role in normal development and neuronal cell survival, whereas FAF1 downregulation may contribute to multiple aspects of tumorigenesis. In particular, there is compelling evidence implicating FAF1 as a tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of apoptosis and NFkappaB activity, as well as in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here, we highlight FAF1's role in NFkappaB signaling and postulate that this pathway has critical connotations for the pathogenesis and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Menges
- Human Genetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Activated TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling via down-regulation of Fas-associated factor 1 in asbestos-induced mesotheliomas from Arf knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:3420-5. [PMID: 19223589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808816106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human CDKN2A locus encodes 2 distinct proteins, p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF) [mouse p19(Arf)], designated INK4A (inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase 4) and ARF (alternative reading frame) here, that are translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs. Human ARF is implicated as a tumor suppressor gene, mainly in association with the simultaneous deletion of INK4A. However, questions remain as to whether loss of ARF alone is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. Here, we report that mice deficient for Arf are susceptible to accelerated asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma (MM). MMs arising in Arf (+/-) mice consistently exhibit biallelic inactivation of Arf, but, unexpectedly, do not acquire additional recurrent genetic alterations that we previously identified in asbestos-induced MMs arising in Nf2 (+/-) mice. Array CGH analysis was used to detect a recurrent deletion at chromosome 4C6 in MMs from Arf (+/-) mice. A candidate gene in this region, Faf1 (FAS-associated factor 1), was further explored, because it encodes a protein implicated in tumor cell survival and in the pathogenesis of some human tumor types. We confirmed hemizygous loss of Faf1 and down-regulation of Faf1 protein in a series of MMs from Arf (+/-) mice, and we then showed that Faf1 regulates TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB signaling, a pathway previously implicated in asbestos-induced oncogenesis of human mesothelial cells. Collectively, these data indicate that Arf inactivation has a significant role in driving MM pathogenesis, and implicate Faf1 as a key component in the TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling node that has now been independently implicated in asbestos-induced oncogenesis.
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Jang MS, Sul JW, Choi BJ, Lee SJ, Suh JH, Kim NS, Kim WH, Lim DS, Lee CW, Kim E. Negative Feedback Regulation of Aurora-A via Phosphorylation of Fas-associated Factor-1. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32344-51. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804199200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Park MY, Moon JH, Lee KS, Choi HI, Chung J, Hong HJ, Kim E. FAF1 suppresses IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation by disrupting the IKK complex assembly. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27572-7. [PMID: 17684021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c700106200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a molecular inhibitory mechanism by Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) on IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation, where divergent NF-kappaB-activating stimuli converge. FAF1 interacts with IKKbeta in response to proinflammatory stimuli (such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and lipopolysaccharide) and suppresses IKK activation. Interaction of the leucine-zipper domain of IKKbeta with FAF1 affected the IKK heterocomplex (IKKalpha/beta) and homocomplex (IKKalpha/alpha, IKKbeta/beta) formations and attenuated IKKgamma recruitment to IKKbeta. Overexpression of FAF1 reduced the level of IKKbeta activity, whereas FAF1 depletion increased the activity. These results indicate that FAF1 inhibits IKK activation and its downstream signaling by interrupting the IKK complex assembly through physical interaction with IKKbeta. Taken together, FAF1 robustly suppresses NF-kappaB activation through the inhibition of IKK activation in combination with previously reported cytoplasmic retention of NF-kappaB p65 (Park, M. Y., Jang, H. D., Lee, S. Y., Lee, K. J., and Kim, E. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 2544-2549). Such redundant suppression would prevent inadvertent activation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Park
- Research Center for Biomedicinal Resources, PaiChai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
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Ishioka T, Katayama R, Kikuchi R, Nishimoto M, Takada S, Takada R, Matsuzawa SI, Reed JC, Tsuruo T, Naito M. Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by cellular FLIP. Genes Cells 2007; 12:735-44. [PMID: 17573774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) is a homologue of caspase-8 without protease activity that inhibits the apoptosis signaling initiated by death receptor ligation. We previously reported that a long form of cFLIP (cFLIP-L) inhibits ubiquitylation of beta-catenin and enhances Wnt signaling. Here we show that cFLIP-L impairs the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and increases the accumulation of various short-lived proteins, such as GFP conjugated with destabilization sequence, beta-catenin and HIF1 alpha, that are subjected to rapid ubiquitylation and degradation by proteasomes. Accordingly, beta-catenin- and HIF1 alpha-mediated gene expressions are induced in the cFLIP-L-expressing cells. Exogenously expressed cFLIP-L accumulates in aggregates at the peri-nuclear region in the cells, and the cFLIP-L aggregates are refractory to solubilization. Like exogenously expressed cFLIP-L, the endogenous cFLIP in A549 lung cancer cells displays particulate distribution in the cells and more than 60% of cFLIP-L is refractory to solubilization. Down-regulation of cFLIP in A549 cells by RNA-mediated interference reduced beta-catenin- and HIF1 alpha-mediated gene expression. These results suggest that cFLIP-L is prone to aggregate and impairs UPS function, which could be involved in the pathological function of cFLIP-L expressed in certain cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Ishioka
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Keen J, Clark J, Cooper CS, Williams GT. Candidate tumor suppressor LUCA-15/RBM5/H37 modulates expression of apoptosis and cell cycle genes. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1745-52. [PMID: 16546166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RBM5 (RNA-binding motif protein 5/LUCA-15/H37) is encoded at the lung cancer tumor suppressor locus 3p21.3 and itself has several important characteristics of a tumor suppressor, including both potentiation of apoptosis and inhibition of the cell cycle. Here, we report the effects of both upregulation and downregulation of LUCA-15/RBM5 on gene expression monitored using cDNA microarrays. Many of the genes modulated by LUCA-15/RBM5 are involved in the control of apoptosis, the cell cycle, or both. These effects were confirmed for the most significant genes using real-time RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. In particular, LUCA-15/RBM5 increased the expression of Stat5b and BMP5 and decreased the expression of AIB1 (Amplified In Breast Cancer 1), proto-oncogene Pim-1, caspase antagonist BIRC3 (cIAP-2, MIHC), and CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2). These effects on multiple genes controlling both apoptosis and proliferation are in line with the functional effects of LUCA-15/RBM5 and indicate that it plays a central role in regulating cell fate consistent with its tumor suppressor activity.
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