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Khan A, Jahan F, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Albadrani GM, Mohamed HRH, Khisroon M. Association of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases with colorectal cancer susceptibility in snuff (Naswar) addicts. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e261509. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in detoxifying (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) genes and their association with colorectal cancer (CRC) in tobacco addicts of Pashtun ethnicity. Polymorphisms in the selected genes were genotyped in a case-control study consisting of 100 histologically confirmed male CRC patients and 100 birth-year and gender-matched healthy controls using the PCR−RFLP method. The GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 null genotypes were significantly contributed to the risk of CRC in the cases (OR= 3.131, 95% CI: 1.451−6.758, P = 0.004, and OR= 3.541, 95% CI: 1.716−7.306, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas the association observed for GSTP1 Val/Val (1.139, 95% CI: 0.356−3.644, P = 0.826) did not show statistical significance. The combined GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null showed a 41-fold increased risk (95% CI: 4.945−351.950, P = 0.001), while, the combined GSTM1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes exhibited about 3-fold (95% CI: 1.196−7.414, P = 0.019) increased risk to CRC. Similarly, the combined GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes showed about a 3-fold (95% CI: 1.285−8.101, P = 0.013) increased risk of CRC. In the combination of three GST genotypes, the GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Ile/Val or Val/Val variant genotypes demonstrated a more than a 22-fold (95% CI: 2.441−212.106, P = 0.006) increased risk of CRC. Our findings suggest that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and its combination with GSTP1 may be associated with CRC susceptibility in the Naswar addicted Pashtun population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Khan
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - F. Jahan
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - R. Ullah
- King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Kukal S, Thakran S, Kanojia N, Yadav S, Mishra MK, Guin D, Singh P, Kukreti R. Genic-intergenic polymorphisms of CYP1A genes and their clinical impact. Gene 2023; 857:147171. [PMID: 36623673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The humancytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) subfamily genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, encoding monooxygenases are critically involved in biotransformation of key endogenous substrates (estradiol, arachidonic acid, cholesterol) and exogenous compounds (smoke constituents, carcinogens, caffeine, therapeutic drugs). This suggests their significant involvement in multiple biological pathways with a primary role of maintaining endogenous homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. Large interindividual variability exist in CYP1A gene expression and/or catalytic activity of the enzyme, which is primarily due to the existence of polymorphic alleles which encode them. These polymorphisms (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been extensively studied as susceptibility factors in a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. An in-depth understanding of the effects of polymorphic CYP1A genes on the differential metabolic activity and the resulting biological pathways is needed to explain the clinical implications of CYP1A polymorphisms. The present review is intended to provide an integrated understanding of CYP1A metabolic activity with unique substrate specificity and their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological roles. The article further emphasizes on the impact of widely studied CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 SNPs and their complex interaction with non-genetic factors like smoking and caffeine intake on multiple clinical phenotypes. Finally, we attempted to discuss the alterations in metabolism/physiology concerning the polymorphic CYP1A genes, which may underlie the reported clinical associations. This knowledge may provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, risk stratification, response to therapy and potential drug targets for individuals with certain CYP1A genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Cheng T, Gamage SMK, Lu CT, Aktar S, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Polymorphisms in PAH metabolising enzyme CYP1A1 in colorectal cancer and their clinicopathological correlations. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cheng T, Lam AK, Gopalan V. Diet derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its pathogenic roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103522. [PMID: 34748942 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are molecules that contaminate meat products during the high-temperature cooking of meat. This study reviewed the pathogenic roles of meat derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ingested PAHs undergo xenobiotic metabolism resulting in the activation of genotoxic metabolites that can induce DNA damage in the colorectum. Genetic polymorphisms in PAH xenobiotic enzymes are linked to the risk of CRC and suggest a role for PAH-meat ingestion in carcinogenesis of colorectal malignancies. Furthermore, PAH specific DNA adducts have been identified in colorectal cancer tissue and linked to high meat intake. DNA adduct resolution is mediated by the nucleotide excision repair, and polymorphisms within genes of this repair pathway and high meat intake are associated with increased CRC risk. In the literature, there is evidence from metabolic enzyme gene variants, DNA repair genes, PAH metabolites, and epidemiological studies suggesting PAH involvement in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie Cheng
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Rehman MYA, Taqi MM, Hussain I, Nasir J, Rizvi SHH, Syed JH. Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42405-42423. [PMID: 32875453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
- Business Unit Environmental Resources and Technologies, Center for Energy, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Haider Rizvi
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Luo Y, Liu JY. Pleiotropic Functions of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Derived Eicosanoids in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:580897. [PMID: 33192522 PMCID: PMC7658919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a class of functionally bioactive lipid mediators derived from the metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mediated by multiple enzymes of three main branches, including cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Recently, the role of eicosanoids derived by COXs and LOXs pathways in the control of physiological and pathological processes associated with cancer has been well documented. However, the role of CYPs-mediated eicosanoids, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxyoctadecenoic acids (EpOMEs), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETEs), and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), as well as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), in tumorigenesis and cancer progression have not been fully elucidated yet. Here we summarized the association of polymorphisms of CYP monooxygenases with cancers and the pleiotropic functions of CYP monooxygenase-mediated eicosanoids (EETs, EpOMEs, EpETE, EDPs, and 20-HETE) in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple cancers, including but not limited to colon, liver, kidney, breast and prostate cancers, which hopefully provides valuable insights into cancer therapeutics. We believe that manipulation of CYPs with or without supplement of ω-3 PUFAs to regulate eicosanoid profile is a promising strategy to prevent and/or treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target & Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Song L, Yang C, He XF. Individual and combined effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201927. [PMID: 32776111 PMCID: PMC7447855 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence or absence of glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 gene (GSTT1) polymorphisms, and their combined effects have been suggested as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES An updated meta-analysis was performed to solve the controversy. METHODS Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used. RESULTS Overall, the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased CRC risk in Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.23), Asians (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.32), high-quality studies (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.18). Moreover, the GSTM1 null genotype was also associated with an increased colon cancer risk (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16-1.51). The GSTT1 null genotype was also associated with an increased CRC risk in Asians (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and Caucasians (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.41). Moreover, The GSTT1 null genotype was associated with an increased rectal cancer risk (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27, I2 = 8.3%) in subgroup analysis by tumor location. Last, the GSTM1 null/GSTT1 null genotype was associated with an increased CRC risk in Asians. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with increased CRC risk in Asians and Caucasians, and the GSTM1 null/GSTT1 null genotype was associated with increased CRC risk in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Endoscopy Room, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Teaching Reform Class of 2016, First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Science and Education, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Wongpratate M, Settheetham-Ishida W, Phuthong S, Natphopsuk S, Ishida T. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Human Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Cervical Cancer Susceptibility among Northeast Thai Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:243-248. [PMID: 31983191 PMCID: PMC7294009 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP1A1 is an enzyme in phase I of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, and plays a key role in detoxification of carcinogens. Host genetic predisposition in the CYP1A1 may be associated with an increased susceptibility to cervical cancer.The study aimed to evaluate four common polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and cervical cancer susceptibility among Northeast Thai women. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 204 patients with squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCA) and 204 age-matched healthy controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. CYP1A1 m1, m3, and m4 genotypes were detected using PCR-RFLP, whereas the CYP1A1 m2 genotype was investigated using real-time PCR. Haplotype analysis was performed using PHASE algorithm version 2.1.1. RESULTS CYP1A1 m3 was monomorphic. Association between the common CYP1A1 polymorphisms, m1 and m2, and cervical cancer risk was not observed (p>0.05), nor was any association found between the m1-m2-m4 haplotype and cervical cancer risk (p>0.05). Interestingly, the CA genotype of CYP1A1 m4 was observed in 30.88% of the cervical cancer patients but was absent in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated a possible involvement of the CYP1A1 m4 polymorphism but no other common polymorphisms (viz., m1, m2, and m3) in the risk for cervical cancer.This finding may be useful when screening for risk of cervical cancer among Northeast Thai women. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Wongpratate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
| | | | - Sophida Phuthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
| | - Sitakan Natphopsuk
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand,
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Unit of Human Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang B, Shen C, Li Y, Zhang T, Huang H, Ren J, Hu Z, Xu J, Xu B. Oridonin overcomes the gemcitabine resistant PANC-1/Gem cells by regulating GST pi and LRP/1 ERK/JNK signalling. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5751-5765. [PMID: 31410021 PMCID: PMC6645696 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s208924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy remains a primary treatment method for advanced pancreatic cancer. However, chemotherapy resistance can influence the therapeutic effect of pancreatic cancer. The resistance mechanism of chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine, which is an agent typically used to treat pancreatic cancer, is complicated and can be influenced by genes and the environment. Oridonin is a tetracyclic diterpenoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia labtea. Oridonin may overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer, but researching pancreatic cancer drug resistance of chemotherapy by oridonin is not completely understood. Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the impact of oridonin on multidrug resistance proteins, apoptosis-associated proteins and energy metabolism in gemcitabine-resistant PANC-1 (PANC-1/Gem) pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: Gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1/Gem cells was induced using a concentration gradient of gemcitabine. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to detect the impact of gemcitabine and oridonin on the proliferation of PANC-1 and PANC-1/Gem cells. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of multidrug resistance proteins, apoptosis-associated proteins and low-density lipoprotein receptor protein 1 (LRP1) proteins in PANC-1/Gem cells. The effects of gemcitabine and oridonin on PANC-1/Gem cells apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. Animal xenograft tumor assays were used to detect the effect of gemcitabine and oridonin on pancreatic cancer in vivo. Furthermore, the ATP Assay kit was used to determine the effects of gemcitabine and oridonin on ATP levels in PANC-1/Gem cells. Immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the effects of gemcitabine and oridonin on the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor protein 1 (LRP1) in PANC-1/Gem cells. In addition, LRP1 expression was knocked down in PANC-1/Gem cells via lentiviral vector-mediated RNA silencing. Clone formation assays and Western blot analysis were used to detect the effect of LRP1 knockdown on the proliferation of PANC-1/Gem cells. Results: The present results demonstrate that oridonin overcomes PANC-1/Gem cells gemcitabine reistance by regulating GST pi and LRP1/ERK/JNK signaling. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study indicated that oridonin could overcome gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1/Gem cells by regulating GST pi and LRP1/ ERK/JNK signaling, inducing cell apoptosis. Therefore, oridonin with gemcitabine may be a promising preoperative treatment for patients who suffer from pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
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Deletion and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Common Glutathione-S Transferases Contribute to Colorectal Cancer Development. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:1579-1587. [PMID: 30694518 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione-S transferases (GSTs) are xenobiotic-conjugation enzymes involved in the detoxification process of heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, widely recognized risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Polymorphism in GSTs often leads to alteration or complete lack of enzyme activity, which might have an effect on CRC carcinogenesis. Aim of this study was to investigate GST gene variants as risk factors in patients with CRC. A total of 523 CRC patients administered for surgical resection and 400 matched controls were included. Deletion polymorphism of GSTs M1 and T1 was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Single nucleotide polymorphism of GST A1 and P1 was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association between GST genotype and risk of CRC development was found in carriers of GSTT1-null and GSTP1-variant genotypes individually (p = 0.050 and p = 0.016, respectively). Furthermore, statistically significant association was found when combination of GSTP1-variant genotype with any of other three common GST genotypes was analyzed with respect to CRC susceptibility. Additionally, patients with combined GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null/GSTA1 low-activity/GSTP1-variant genotype showed 2.71-fold increased risk of developing CRC (p = 0.037). This study supports hypothesis that GST polymorphisms might have an important role in the process of the CRC development. Additionally, GSTM1-null/ GSTT1-null/ GSTA1 low-activity/ GSTP1-variant genotype could be combination of GST genotypes whose carriers are more prone to CRC development.
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Du L, Lei L, Zhao X, He H, Chen E, Dong J, Zeng Y, Yang J. The Interaction of Smoking with Gene Polymorphisms on Four Digestive Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:1506-1517. [PMID: 29721061 PMCID: PMC5929096 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to assess the interaction between smoking and nine genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, NAT2, SULT1A1, hOGG1, XRCC1 and p53) on colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and oesophageal cancer. Published articles from the PubMed, ISI and EMBASE databases were retrieved. A total of 67 case-control studies or nested case-control studies were identified for the analysis. The pooled jodds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random effect model. The overall study showed that the GSTM1 polymorphism was associated with the risk of the four digestive cancers among Asian population (OR 1.284, 95% CI: 1.122-1.470, p: 0). Subgroup analyses by cancer site showed that GSTM1 null genotype increased the gastric cancer risk in total population (OR 1.335, 95% CI: 1.145-1.556, p: 0). However, the association of GSTM1 null genotype with the oesophageal cancer risk was found in smokers (OR 1.382, 95% CI: 1.009-1.894, p:0.044), but not in non-smokers (OR 1.250, 95% CI: 0.826-1.891, p:0.290). Moreover, smokers with the CYP1A1 IIe462Val polymorphism were at an increased cancer risk in Asian population (OR=1.585, 95% CI 1.029-2.442, p: 0.037). None of the other gene-smoking interactions was observed in the above cancers. This meta-analysis reveals two potential gene-smoking interactions, one is between smoking and GSTM1 on oesophageal cancer, and the other is between smoking and CYP1A1 IIe462Val on the four cancers in Asian population. Future studies need to be conducted to verify the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Du
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hongjuan He
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Erfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, Xi'an 710069, China
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Kamiza AB, You JF, Wang WC, Tang R, Chang CY, Chien HT, Lai CH, Chiu LL, Lo TP, Hung KY, Hsiung CA, Yeh CC. Polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing genes and colorectal cancer risk in patients with lynch syndrome: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:69-78. [PMID: 28714190 DOI: 10.1002/em.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) are crucial for metabolism and clearance of xenobiotics. This study investigated whether CYP, GST, and NAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Lynch syndrome. The interaction between these SNPs and cigarette smoking or meat consumption was also explored. We identified 270 patients with Lynch syndrome from the Taiwan Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Consortium. A weighted Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). The GSTA1 rs3957356 TT (HR = 5.36, 95% CI = 2.39-12.0) and CYP1B1 rs1056836 CC (HR = 7.24, 95% CI = 3.51-14.9) were significantly associated with CRC risk when compared to wild-type CC and GG genotypes, respectively. However, the CYP1A1 rs4646903 CC genotype significantly reduced the risk of CRC (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12-0.89) when compared to TT genotype. Moreover, significant interactions were observed between NAT1 acetylation and CYP1B1 rs1056827 and meat consumption.Our results suggest that xenobiotic-metabolizing SNPs are not only associated with CRC risk in patients with Lynch syndrome in Taiwan but also interact with meat consumption to modify the disease risk. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:69-78, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram Bunya Kamiza
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fu You
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiping Tang
- Colorectal Section, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Tzu Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Chiu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ping Lo
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Hung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
In first part of this study, a systematic review was designed to explore the involvement of CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genes in breast cancerogenesis. Based on systematic review, we designed a study to screen CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genes for mutation and their possible association with breast carcinogenesis. A total of 400 individuals were collected and analyzed by PCR-SSCP. After sequence analysis of coding region of CYP1A1 we identified eleven mutations in different exons of respective gene. Among these eleven mutations, ~3 folds increased breast cancer risk was found associated with Asp82Glu mutation (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.26-7.09), with Ser83Thr mutation (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.26-7.09) and with Glu86Ala mutation (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.27-7.93) in cancer patients compared to controls. Furthermore, ~4 folds increase in breast cancer risk was found associated with Asp347Glu, Phe398Tyr and 5178delT mutations (OR 3.92; 95% CI 1.35-11.3) in patients compared to controls. The sequence analysis of GSTP1 resulted in identification of total five mutations. Among these five mutations, ~3 folds increase in breast cancer risk was observed associated with 1860G>A mutation, with 1861-1876delCAGCCCTCTGGAGTGG mutation (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.10-6.62) and with 1861C>A mutation (OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.01-8.45) in cancer patients compared to controls. Furthermore, ~5 folds increase in breast cancer risk was associated with 1883G>T mutation (OR 4.75; 95% CI 1.46-15.3) and ~6 folds increase in breast cancer risk was found associated with Iso105Val mutation (OR 6.43; 95% CI 1.41-29.3) in cancer patients compared to controls. Our finding, based on systematic review and experimental data suggest that the polymorphic CYP1A1 and GSTP1 genes may contribute to risk of developing breast cancer.
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Zhu X, Wang Z, He J, Wang W, Xue W, Wang Y, Zheng L, Zhu ML. Associations between CYP1A1 rs1048943 A > G and rs4646903 T > C genetic variations and colorectal cancer risk: Proof from 26 case-control studies. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51365-51374. [PMID: 27384991 PMCID: PMC5239481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is one of the most important metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of numerous xenobiotics. Numerous individual case-control studies have investigated the associations between the CYP1A1 rs1048943 A > G and rs4646903 T > C genetic variations and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the conclusions were controversial. To obtain a scientific conclusion, we performed a meta-analysis based on a total of 26 publications, including 20 studies with 8665 cases and 9953 controls on rs1048943 A > G and 19 studies with 6416 cases and 7551 controls on rs4646903 T > C, respectively. The pooled analysis indicated that rs1048943 A > G was associated with an increased risk of CRC (G vs. A: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08-1.52; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.25-1.91; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00-1.60; GG/GA vs. AA: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05-1.64; GG vs. GA/AA. OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.26-1.91). Stratification analysis showed the association between rs1048943 A > G and CRC risk was more obvious in studies with the population-based (PB) design or high quality score. The association between rs4646903 T > C and CRC risk did not reach statistical significance in the pooled analysis as well as stratification analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated CYP1A1 rs1048943 A > G may increase the susceptibility to CRC instead of rs4646903 T > C. This conclusion suggested CYP1A1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- 2 Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- 2 Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- 3 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Xue
- 1 Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Leizhen Zheng
- 1 Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Yangpu, Shanghai, China
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The Effect of the CYP1A1*2A Allele on Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility in a British Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:475-7. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Ren A, Qin T, Wang Q, Du H, Zhong D, Hua Y, Zhu L. Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1620-31. [PMID: 27061602 PMCID: PMC4988294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a phase I enzyme that regulates the metabolism of environmental carcinogens and alter the susceptibility to various cancers. Many studies have investigated the association between the CYP1A1 MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms and digestive tract cancer (DTC) risk in different groups of populations, but their results were inconsistent. The PubMed and Embase Database were searched for case–control studies published up to 30th September, 2015. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship. Totally, 39 case–control studies (9094 cases and 12,487 controls) were included. The G allele in Ile/Val polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated DTC risk with per‐allele OR of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.09–1.41, P = 0.001). Similar results were also detected under the other genetic models. Evidence was only found to support an association between MspI polymorphism and DTC in the subgroups of caucasian and mixed individuals, but not in the whole population (the dominant model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.94–1.91, P = 0.146). In conclusion, our results suggest that the CYP1A1 polymorphisms are potential risk factors for DTC. And large sample size and well‐designed studies with detailed clinical information are needed to more precisely evaluate our founding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haina Du
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghua Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibing Hua
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Saitou M, Ishida T. Distributions of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes worldwide are characterized by latitudinal clines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:355-61. [PMID: 25640380 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populations but their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS To perform a meta-analysis, a systematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81 human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolute latitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value <0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). CONCLUSIONS Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functional compensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Saitou
- Unit of Human Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan E-mail :
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Andersen V, Vogel U. Interactions between meat intake and genetic variation in relation to colorectal cancer. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 10:448. [PMID: 25491747 PMCID: PMC4261072 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Meat intake is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate interactions between meat intake and genetic variation in order to identify biological pathways involved in meat carcinogenesis. We performed a literature search of PubMed and Embase using “interaction”, “meat”, “polymorphisms”, and “colorectal cancer”, and data on meat–gene interactions were extracted. The studies were divided according to whether information on meat intake was collected prospectively or retrospectively. In prospective studies, interactions between meat intake and polymorphisms in PTGS2 (encoding COX-2), ABCB1, IL10, NFKB1, MSH3, XPC (Pint = 0.006, 0.01, 0.04, 0.03, 0.002, 0.01, respectively), but not IL1B, HMOX1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NR1I2 (encoding PXR), NR1H2 (encoding LXR), NAT1, NAT2, MSH6, or MLH1 in relation to CRC were found. Interaction between a polymorphism in XPC and meat was found in one prospective and one case–control study; however, the directions of the risk estimates were opposite. Thus, none of the findings were replicated. The results from this systematic review suggest that genetic variation in the inflammatory response and DNA repair pathway is involved in meat-related colorectal carcinogenesis, whereas no support for the involvement of heme and iron from meat or cooking mutagens was found. Further studies assessing interactions between meat intake and genetic variation in relation to CRC in large well-characterised prospective cohorts with relevant meat exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andersen
- Organ Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark,
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Association of DCC, MLH1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and TP53 gene polymorphisms with colorectal cancer in Kazakhstan. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:279-89. [PMID: 25249451 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first results of a molecular-genetic study of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Kazakhstan. Blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with rectal or colon cancer (249 individuals) as well as a control cohort of healthy volunteers (245 individuals), taking into account the age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking habits of the CRC patients. Combined analysis of data obtained from individuals of either Kazakh or Russian decent showed a significant association with increased CRC risk in the following genotypes: DCC (32008376G/G and G/A versus A/A; OR = 3.45, 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) = 1.75-6.81, χ (2) = 14.07, p < 0.0002), MLH1 (-93G/G versus G/A and A/A; OR = 1.45, 95 %CI = 1.02-2.07, χ (2) = 4.21, p < 0.04), TP53 (Pro72Pro; OR = 3.80, 95 %CI = 2.46-5.88, χ (2) = 61.27, p < 0.0001), combination GSTT1 deletions with heterozygotes versus normal homozygotes (OR = 1.43, 95 %CI = 1.00-2.04, χ (2) = 3.90, p < 0.05), and GSTM1 deletions (OR = 1.83, 95 %CI = 1.28-2.63, χ (2) = 11.04, p < .001). Analysis for ethnicity and smoking for each of the investigated polymorphisms showed that some genotypes can have a predictive value for susceptibility to CRC, at least those that demonstrate statistically significant ORs either for the combined mixed population of Kazakhstan or for both main ethnic groups separately (Kazakhs and Russians): TP53 Pro72Pro homozygous (for Kazakh-OR = 3.40, 95 %CI = 1.63-7.06, χ (2) = 11.35, p < 0.003; for Russian-OR = 4.69, 95 %CI = 2.53-8.66, χ (2) = 53.19, p < 0.0001) and GSTM1 deletions (for Kazakh-OR = 2.30, 95 %CI = 1.21-4.40, χ (2) = 8.42, p < 0.01; for Russian-OR = 1.64, 95 %CI = 1.01-2.66, χ (2) = 7.82, p < 0.02).
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Procopciuc LM, Osian G. GSTM1-nullGenotype as a Risk Factor for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in a Romanian Population. Association with theNAT2-rapid-acetylatorPhenotype and Exposure to Environmental Factors. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:53-62. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.867972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Association between the CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism and risk of cancer: Evidence from 268 case–control studies. Gene 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Qin XP, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li NN, Chen B, Yang P, Wu XT. Glutathione S-transferase T1 gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: an updated analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2013; 37:626-35. [PMID: 23773486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The association between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility is still controversial. In order to clarify the effect of GSTT1 genotype on the CRC risk, we carried out an updated meta-analysis of published case-control studies to provide more precise evidence. METHODS Two investigators independently searched the databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to October 15, 2012. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to investigate the strength of the association in a fixed- or random-effects model depending on statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS Forty-six case-control studies with 15,373 colorectal cancer cases and 21,238 controls were included. Overall, the pooled results indicated that GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.10-1.33). When stratifying for ethnicity and control sources, we also observed positive association between GSTT1 null genotype and increased risk of CRC. When stratifying by the location, we found there was a statistically significant association in the rectal cancer (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.01-1.64), but not in colon cancer (OR=1.27, 95% CI=0.94-1.73). Subgroup analyses for Dukes stage, histological differentiation of CRC and smoking habit did not reveal any significant differences in genotype distribution. In addition, we observed a strong correlation between increased CRC risk and the combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTT1 null genotype may contribute to increased risk of colorectal cancer. More well-designed studies based on larger population are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-peng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37, Guo Xue Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Cruciferous vegetables, glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms, and the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese men. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 24:44-9. [PMID: 24238877 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the associations between cruciferous vegetable (CV) intake, GST gene polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a population of Chinese men. METHODS Using incidence density sampling, CRC cases (N = 340) diagnosed before December 31, 2010 within the Shanghai Men's Health Study were matched to noncases (N = 673). CV intake was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire and by isothiocyanate levels from spot urine samples. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were categorized as null (0 copies) versus non-null (1 or 2 copies). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between CV intake and GST gene variants with CRC, and statistical interactions were evaluated. RESULTS CRC risk was not associated with CV intake, whether measured by self-report or by urinary isothiocyanate nor with GST gene variants. No statistical interactions were detected between CV intake and GST gene variants on the odds of CRC. Stratifying by timing of urine sample collection and excluding CRC cases diagnosed in the first 2 years did not materially alter the results. CONCLUSIONS This study provides no evidence supporting the involvement of CV intake in the development of CRC in Chinese men.
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Hamachi T, Tajima O, Uezono K, Tabata S, Abe H, Ohnaka K, Kono S. CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4023-4030. [PMID: 23840148 PMCID: PMC3703190 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i25.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas.
METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied were CYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other lifestyle factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test.
RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1. A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There was no measurable effect modification of smoking even regarding the combination of the genetic polymorphisms of the phase I and phase II enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Combination of the CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 609CC genotypes was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal adenomas regardless of smoking status.
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Theodoratou E, Montazeri Z, Hawken S, Allum GC, Gong J, Tait V, Kirac I, Tazari M, Farrington SM, Demarsh A, Zgaga L, Landry D, Benson HE, Read SH, Rudan I, Tenesa A, Dunlop MG, Campbell H, Little J. Systematic Meta-Analyses and Field Synopsis of Genetic Association Studies in Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1433-57. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Hezova R, Bienertova-Vasku J, Sachlova M, Brezkova V, Vasku A, Svoboda M, Radová L, Kiss I, Vyzula R, Slaby O. Common polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTA1 and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Central European population. Eur J Med Res 2012; 17:17. [PMID: 22697302 PMCID: PMC3480935 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-17-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central Europe presents with the highest incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide. As sporadic CRC represents a typical multifactorial disease, it is characterized by intense interaction of the genetic background with the environment. Glutathione S-transferases could act as attractive susceptibility genes for CRC, as they are directly involved in conjugation between glutathione and chemotherapeutics, environmental pollutants and a wide spectrum of xenobiotics. Methods In this study, we investigated associations of polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, that is GSTA1, GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1, with CRC in a total of 197 cases and 218 controls originating from the Czech Central European population. Polymorphisms were assessed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods, allele-specific multiplex and allelic discrimination by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results None of investigated polymorphisms showed any associations with CRC, with the exception of GSTP1; where the heterozygote genotype Ile105Val was associated with decreased risk of CRC (P = 0.043). Conclusions The frequencies observed in our study are in accordance with those from other European Caucasian populations. Based on our studies, examined variability in GST genes is not a major determinant of CRC susceptibility in the Central European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Hezova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Quantitative assessment of the associations between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1125-32. [PMID: 22359202 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A great number of studies regarding the association between MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 gene and gastric cancer have been published. However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the associations. Published literature from PubMed, ISI Web of Science and other Chinese databases were searched for eligible publications. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effect model. Nine studies (860 cases/2183 controls) for CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and nine studies (1161 cases/3273 controls) for CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism were included in this meta-analysis. MspI polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer risk (dominant model, OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.80-1.14; recessive model, OR = 1.01, 95%CI 0.76-1.35; CC vs. TT, OR = 1.03, 95%CI 0.76-1.41; TC vs. TT, OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.78-1.15). Similarly, there was no association between Ile462Val polymorphism and gastric cancer risk (dominant model, OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.79-1.10; recessive model, OR = 1.34, 95%CI 0.90-2.00; GG vs. AA, OR = 1.27, 95%CI 0.84-1.90; AG vs. AA, OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.71-1.07). In the subgroup analysis, no significant association was found in ever smokers, never smokers, Asians and Caucasians. This meta-analysis suggested that there were no associations between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.
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Paz-y-Miño C, Cumbal N, Sánchez ME. Genotoxicity studies performed in the ecuadorian population. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:598984. [PMID: 22496977 PMCID: PMC3306904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/598984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies in Ecuador have been carried out during the past two decades. The focuses of the research were mainly the area of environmental issues, where the populations have been accidentally exposed to contaminants and the area of occupational exposure of individuals at the workplace. This paper includes studies carried out in the population of the Amazon region, a zone known for its rich biodiversity as well as for the ecological damage caused by oil spills and chemical sprayings whose consequences continue to be controversial. Additionally, we show the results of studies comprised of individuals occupationally exposed to toxic agents in two very different settings: flower plantation workers exposed to pesticide mixtures and X-ray exposure of hospital workers. The results from these studies confirm that genotoxicity studies can help evaluate current conditions and prevent further damage in the populations exposed to contaminants. As such, they are evidence of the need for biomonitoring employers at risk, stricter law enforcement regarding the use of pesticides, and increasingly conscientious oil extraction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-y-Miño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
| | - Nadia Cumbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
| | - María Eugenia Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
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Yao L, Ji G, Gu A, Zhao P, Liu N. An Updated Pooled Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase Genotype Polymorphisms and Risk of Adult Gliomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:157-63. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Koh WP, Nelson HH, Yuan JM, Van den Berg D, Jin A, Wang R, Yu MC. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms, cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk among Chinese in Singapore. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1507-11. [PMID: 21803734 PMCID: PMC3179426 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Putative colorectal procarcinogens in tobacco smoke include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines that are known substrates of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). This study examined the influence of functional GST gene polymorphisms on the smoking-colorectal cancer association in a population known to be minimally exposed to dietary sources of these procarcinogens. Incident cases of colorectal cancer (n = 480) and matched controls (n = 1167) were selected from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 63 257 men and women who have been followed since 1993. We determined the deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the functional polymorphism at codon 105 of GSTP1 for each subject. A three level composite GST index was used to examine if GST profile affected a smoker's risk of developing colorectal cancer. While there was no statistically significant association between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk among subjects absent of any at-risk GST genotypes, smokers possessing two to three at-risk GST genotypes exhibited a statistically significant increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with non-smokers (P = 0.0002). In this latter stratum, heavy smokers exhibited a >5-fold increased risk relative to never-smokers (odds ratio, 5.43; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-13.23). Subjects with one at-risk GST genotype displayed a statistically significant but weaker association with smoking. These findings suggest that GST gene polymorphisms influence interindividual susceptibility to smoking-associated colorectal cancer. Our data indicate an important role for GST enzymes in the detoxification of colorectal carcinogens in tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Puay Koh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Association between CYP1A1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3533-40. [PMID: 21710246 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Published data on the association between CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile ( 462 ) Val) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk are inconclusive. To address these issues, we carried out a meta-analysis of available case-control study. Online electronic searches of PubMed were performed. We identified 17 studies (6,673 colorectal cancer patients and 8,102 control subjects) that examined the association between CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile ( 462 ) Val) polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer. For CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism, we performed a meta-analysis from 13 studies including 5,468 cases and 6,492 controls. Overall, there was no statistically significant association between CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility. In the subgroup analyses based on ethnicities, no statistically significant associations were observed in all genetic models. With respect to CYP1A1 Ile ( 462 ) Val polymorphism, a total of 14 studies including 6,654 cases and 7,859 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. The CYP1A1 Ile ( 462 ) Val polymorphism was associated with risk of colorectal cancer. Ethnic subgroup analyses revealed that significant associations were found in Asians and Caucasians. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A1 Ile ( 462 ) Val polymorphism was a low-penetrance susceptibility gene in colorectal cancer development. On the contrary, CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism does not seem capable of modifying colorectal cancer risk.
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Jin JQ, Hu YY, Niu YM, Yang GL, Wu YY, Leng WD, Xia LY. CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism contributes to colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:260-6. [PMID: 21246002 PMCID: PMC3020383 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the relation between CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk by meta-analysis.
METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relation between CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk by reviewing the related studies until September 2010. Data were extracted and analyzed. Crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of relation between CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk.
RESULTS: Thirteen published case-control studies including 5336 cases and 6226 controls were acquired. The pooled OR with 95% CI indicated that CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism was significantly related with colorectal cancer risk (Val/Val vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.86, P = 0.002; dominant model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.75, P = 0.04; recessive model: OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.88, P = 0.0009). Subgroup ethnicity analysis showed that CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism was also significantly related with colorectal cancer risk in Europeans (Ile/Val vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.42, P = 0.008; dominant model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.43, P = 0.004) and Asians (Val/Val vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07-1.82, P = 0.01; recessive model: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.89, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: CYP1A1 Ile462Val may be an increased risk factor for colorectal cancer.
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Cleary SP, Cotterchio M, Shi E, Gallinger S, Harper P. Cigarette smoking, genetic variants in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, and colorectal cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:1000-14. [PMID: 20937634 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of colorectal cancer associated with smoking is unclear and may be influenced by genetic variation in enzymes that metabolize cigarette carcinogens. The authors examined the colorectal cancer risk associated with smoking and 26 variants in carcinogen metabolism genes in 1,174 colorectal cancer cases and 1,293 population-based controls recruited in Canada by the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2001. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multivariable logistic regression. Smoking for >27 years was associated with a statistically significant increased colorectal cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.53) in all subjects. Colorectal cancer risk associated with smoking was higher in males for smoking status, duration, and intensity. The CYP1A1-3801-CC (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.94) and CYP2C9-430-CT (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.99) genotypes were associated with decreased risk, and the GSTM1-K173N-CG (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.25) genotype was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Statistical interactions between smoking and genetic variants were assessed by comparing logistic regression models with and without a multiplicative interaction term. Significant interactions were observed between smoking status and SULT1A1-638 (P = 0.02), NAT2-857 (P = 0.01), and CYP1B1-4390 (P = 0.04) variants and between smoking duration and NAT1-1088 (P = 0.02), SULT1A1-638 (P = 0.04), and NAT1-acetylator (P = 0.03) status. These findings support the hypothesis that prolonged cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer and that this risk may be modified by variation in carcinogen metabolism genes.
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Perri F, Terracciano F, Gentile M, Merla A, Scimeca D, Zullo A. Role of interleukin polymorphisms in gastric cancer: "Pros and cons". World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:265-71. [PMID: 21160639 PMCID: PMC2999189 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i6.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the leading cause of gastric cancer worldwide. Infection with this bacterium causes a chronic active immune response that persists for the life of the host. The combination of bacterial factors, environmental insults, and the host immune response drives the initiation and progression of mucosal atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia toward GC. Among the host factors, IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms (IL-1B encoding IL-1β and IL-1RN encoding IL-1ra, its naturally occurring receptor antagonist) play a decisive role in modulating the risk of developing hypochlorhydria, gastric atrophy and GC in the presence of H. pylori infection. In particular, one single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL-1B promoter (IL-1B-511C⁄T), and the short allele of a 86-bp variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the IL-1RN second intron (IL-1RN*2) are associated with an increased risk for GC. However this hypothesis is still to be fully confirmed. This review focuses on the divergent results obtained by several epidemiological and functional in vitro and in vivo studies and show that IL-1 genotyping has still no role in the clinical management of patients with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Francesco Perri, Fulvia Terracciano, Marco Gentile, Antonio Merla, Daniela Scimeca, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Nisa H, Kono S, Yin G, Toyomura K, Nagano J, Mibu R, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Maekawa T, Yasunami Y, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Terasaka R. Cigarette smoking, genetic polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:274. [PMID: 20534171 PMCID: PMC2906477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is uncertain whether smoking is related to colorectal cancer risk. Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) are important enzymes in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens, and functional genetic polymorphisms are known for these enzymes. We investigated the relation of cigarette smoking and related genetic polymorphisms to colorectal cancer risk, with special reference to the interaction between smoking and genetic polymorphism. Methods We used data from the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study, including 685 cases and 778 controls who gave informed consent to genetic analysis. Interview was conducted to assess lifestyle factors, and DNA was extracted from buffy coat. Results In comparison with lifelong nonsmokers, the odds ratios (OR) of colorectal cancer for <400, 400-799 and ≥800 cigarette-years were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.89), 1.16 (0.83-1.62) and 1.14 (0.73-1.77), respectively. A decreased risk associated with light smoking was observed only for colon cancer, and rectal cancer showed an increased risk among those with ≥400 cigarette-years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.04-2.45). None of the polymorphisms under study was singly associated with colorectal cancer risk. Of the gene-gene interactions studied, the composite genotype of CYP1A1*2A or CYP1A1*2C and GSTT1 polymorphisms was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, showing a nearly statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.06) or significant interaction (Pinteraction = 0.02). The composite genotypes of these two polymorphisms, however, showed no measurable interaction with cigarette smoking in relation to colorectal cancer risk. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may be associated with increased risk of rectal cancer, but not of colon cancer. The observed interactions between CYP1A1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms warrant further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoirun Nisa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and sporadic colorectal cancer risk: An updating meta-analysis and HuGE review of 36 case-control studies. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:108-21. [PMID: 20123161 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be a multifactorial disease, in which multiple exposures to endogenous factors interact with individual genetic background in a complex manner, resulting in modulation of the risk. The glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1) is a particularly attractive candidate for CRC susceptibility because it codes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of environmental carcinogens. However, the epidemiological findings have been inconsistent. METHODS To evaluate this association, we performed an extensive meta-analysis of 36 case-control studies (including 10,009 cases and 15,070 controls). RESULTS Overall, the combined data showed that GSTM1 deficiency is associated with a marginal effect on CRC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.23; P for heterogeneity <0.001). When stratified by race and tumor site, significant results were only observed in Caucasians (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27; P for heterogeneity <0.001), whereas no increased risk was detected in other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study support the suggestion that GSTM1 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CRC, especially in the Caucasian population. Further investigation into the association between GSTM1 polymorphism and the risk of CRC is warranted and should include larger sample sizes and other genetic polymorphisms in metabolism of environmental carcinogens.
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CORDERO KARINA, ESPINOZA IRIS, CACERES DANTE, ROCO ANGELA, MIRANDA CARLA, SQUICCIARINI VALENTINA, SANTANDER PAULA, LEE KUEN, SAAVEDRA IVÁN, QUIÑONES LUIS. Oral cancer susceptibility associated with the CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genotypes in Chilean individuals. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:549-553. [PMID: 22966341 PMCID: PMC3436421 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in tobacco smoke acquire carcinogenicity following their activation by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to highly reactive metabolites. The cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is central to the metabolic activation of these PAHs, and GSTM1 is the main enzyme responsible for its detoxification. CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms were evaluated in 124 Chilean healthy controls and 48 oral cancer patients through PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the healthy controls, frequencies of the CYP1A1 variant alleles for m1 (CYP1A1(*)2A) and the GSTM1null genotype were found to be 0.25 and 0.19, respectively. In the oral cancer patients, these frequencies were 0.33 and 0.50, respectively. Thus, the GSTM1 and m1 rare alleles were significantly more frequent in the oral cancer patients compared to the controls. The estimated relative risk for oral cancer associated with the single genotype CYP1A1 or GSTM1 was 2.08 for wt/m1, 1.04 for m1/m1 and 4.16 for the GSTM1null genotype. For smokers, the estimated relative risk (adjusted by age and gender) was higher in the individuals carrying the m1 allele of CYP1A1 [wt/m1: odds ratio (OR)=5.68, P=0.0080; m1/m1: OR=7.77, P=0.0420] or GSTM1null genotype (OR=20.81, P<0.0001). Combined genotypes CYP1A1 and GSTM1 increased the risk significantly (wt/m1/GSTM1null: OR=19.14, P=0.0030; m1/m1/GSTM1null: OR=21.39, P=0.0130). Taken together, these findings suggest that Chilean individuals carrying single or combined GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms may be more susceptible to oral cancer induced by environmental tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- KARINA CORDERO
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - IRIS ESPINOZA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Chile, Chile
| | - DANTE CACERES
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
- Epidemiology Division, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - ANGELA ROCO
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
- San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - CARLA MIRANDA
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
- San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - VALENTINA SQUICCIARINI
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - PAULA SANTANDER
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - KUEN LEE
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - IVÁN SAAVEDRA
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - LUIS QUIÑONES
- Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
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Economopoulos KP, Sergentanis TN. GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTA1 and colorectal cancer risk: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1617-31. [PMID: 20207535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse reactions between glutathione and lipophilic compounds with electrophilic centres, leading to neutralisation of toxic compounds, xenobiotics and products of oxidative stress. Controversy exists about whether GST polymorphisms (GSTM1 null/present genotype, GSTT1 null/present genotype, GSTP1 Ile105Val and GSTA1 *A/*B) represent risk factors for colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis aims to examine the associations between the above-mentioned polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk. Forty-four studies were eligible for GSTM1 (11,998 colorectal cancer cases, 17,552 controls), 34 studies for GSTT1 (8596 cases, 13,589 controls), 19 studies for GSTP1 (5421 cases, 7671 controls) and four studies for GSTA1 polymorphism (1648 cases, 2039 controls). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random-effects models. Separate analyses were conducted on Caucasian and Chinese populations. Where appropriate, sensitivity analysis concerning the deviation of genotype frequencies in controls from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was performed. GSTM1 null allele carriers exhibited increased colorectal cancer risk in Caucasian populations (pooled OR=1.150, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.060-1.248, random effects); no significant association was detected for Chinese subjects (pooled OR=1.025, 95% CI: 0.903-1.163, fixed effects). Similarly, GSTT1 null allele carriers exhibited increased colorectal cancer risk in Caucasian populations (pooled OR=1.312, 95% CI: 1.119-1.538, random effects); the association in Chinese subjects was not significant (pooled OR=1.068, 95% CI: 0.788-1.449, random effects). Concerning GSTP1 Ile105Val no significant associations were demonstrated in either race. GSTA1 *A/*B polymorphism was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes confer additional risk for colorectal cancer in Caucasian populations.
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Wan H, Zhou Y, Yang P, Chen B, Jia G, Wu X. Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase T1 and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 34:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liao C, Cao Y, Wu L, Huang J, Gao F. An updating meta-analysis of the glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a HuGE review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:25-37. [PMID: 19798506 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GSTT1 status has been extensively studied as a colorectal cancer risk factor. However, the results are inconsistent. To examine this controversy, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between GSTT1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search using PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and HuGNet database to February 2009, with no restrictions. All articles were independent and contained the minimum information necessary to estimate the colorectal cancer risk associated with GSTT1 null. Summary odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect or fixed-effect models based on the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS A total of 23 case-control studies, including a total of 11,057 subjects (5,058 cases and 5,999 controls), that related to GSTT1 polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer were identified and included for analysis. The random-effect meta-analyses of all the 23 studies suggested that there was a small increased risk of colorectal cancer for individuals with GSTT1 null (OR was 1.23; 95% CI 1.02-1.49; I (2) = 76.9%, P for heterogeneity <0.001). The fixed-effect meta-analyses reached a similar results in Caucasians populations of ten studies (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.21-1.59; I (2) = 29.8%, P for heterogeneity = 0.171) and Asians populations of five studies (OR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.45; I (2) = 0.0%, P for heterogeneity = 0.428), with as inversely association in the other ethnic populations from four studies (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.877; I (2) = 0.0%, P for heterogeneity = 0.58). CONCLUSION There was a small increased risk of colorectal cancer for individuals with GSTT1 null, especially for Caucasians populations and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Piao JM, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Kim HN, Choi JS, Bae WK, Shim HJ, Kim HR, Park YK, Choi YD, Kim SH. Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in a Korean population. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5716-21. [PMID: 19960570 PMCID: PMC2789226 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) null genotypes with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a South Korean population.
METHODS: We conducted a population-based, large-scale case-control study including 2213 GCs, 1829 CRCs, and 1699 controls. Null and non-null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined using real-time PCR.
RESULTS: The null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were not significantly associated with elevated risk of gastric (OR = 1.070, 95% CI = 0.935-1.224; OR = 1.101, 95% CI = 0.963-1.259, respectively) or colorectal cancer (OR = 1.065, 95% CI = 0.923-1.228; OR = 1.041, 95% CI = 0.903-1.200, respectively). The frequency of the combined null GST genotype was not different between the two cancer groups and controls. Moreover, smoking, drinking, and age did not modify the association between these genotypes and the risk of gastric or colorectal cancer.
CONCLUSION: GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were not associated with increased risk of GC or CRC in Koreans.
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Genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes P450 (CYP) as a susceptibility factor for drug response, toxicity, and cancer risk. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2009; 60:217-42. [PMID: 19581216 DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances including drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Genotyping for CYP polymorphisms provides important genetic information that help to understand the effects of xenobiotics on human body. For drug metabolism, the most important polymorphisms are those of the genes coding for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5, which can result in therapeutic failure or severe adverse reactions. Genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 are among the most responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, especially for the metabolic activation of pre-carcinogens. There is evidence of association between gene polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Pathways of carcinogen metabolism are complex, and are mediated by activities of multiple genes, while single genes have a limited impact on cancer risk. Multigenic approach in addition to environmental determinants in large sample studies is crucial for a reliable evaluation of any moderate gene effect. This article brings a review of current knowledge on the relations between the polymorphisms of some CYPs and drug activity/toxicity and cancer risk.
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Abstract
Diets rich in flavonoids may reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Flavonoids are widely distributed in foods of plant origin, though in the UK tea is the main dietary source. Our objective was to evaluate any independent associations of total dietary and non-tea intake of four flavonoid subclasses and the risk of developing colorectal cancer in a tea-drinking population with a high colorectal cancer incidence. A population-based case-control study (264 cases with histologically confirmed incident colorectal cancer and 408 controls) was carried out. Dietary data gathered by FFQ were used to calculate flavonoid intake. Adjusted OR and 95 % CI were estimated by logistic regression. No linear association between risk of developing colorectal cancer and total dietary flavonol, procyanidin, flavon-3-ol or flavanone intakes was found, but non-tea flavonol intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.4, 1.0). Stratification by site of cancer and assessment of individual flavonols showed a reduced risk of developing colon but not rectal cancer with increasing non-tea quercetin intake (OR 0.5; 95 % CI 0.3, 0.8; P(trend) < 0.01). We concluded that flavonols, specifically quercetin, obtained from non-tea components of the diet may be linked with reduced risk of developing colon cancer.
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Epplein M, Wilkens LR, Tiirikainen M, Dyba M, Chung FL, Goodman MT, Murphy SP, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L. Urinary isothiocyanates; glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms; and risk of colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:314-20. [PMID: 19124514 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an association between diet, especially cruciferous vegetables, and colorectal cancer has been hypothesized, recent studies have been inconsistent with their findings. One possibility for the discrepant results is that the interaction with related genes has not generally been considered. The present study examined the associations among urinary isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort Study, based in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California. We measured prediagnositic urinary isothiocyanate levels adjusted for creatinine and analyzed GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms in 173 cases and 313 matched controls, with biospecimens collected between 2001 and 2006. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A detectable amount of urinary isothiocyanates was associated with a 41% decrease in colorectal cancer risk (95% CI, 0.36-0.98). No significant, main-effect associations were seen with a homozygous deletion of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphism, or with the AG or GG genotypes for GSTP1 rs1695. There was a weak suggestion that for individuals with the GSTP1 AG or GG genotype, a detectable amount of isothiocyanates further decreases one's risk of colorectal cancer compared with those with the GSTP1 AA genotype, but the interaction term was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). This is only the second study published on the association between urinary isothiocyanates and colorectal cancer risk. The results suggest that further studies, with larger numbers, examining a possible interaction with the GSTP1 polymorphisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Association between polymorphisms in the biometabolism genes CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in bladder cancer. Clin Exp Med 2008; 9:21-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-008-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong LM, Potter JD, White E, Ulrich CM, Cardon LR, Peters U. Genetic susceptibility to cancer: the role of polymorphisms in candidate genes. JAMA 2008; 299:2423-36. [PMID: 18505952 PMCID: PMC2772197 DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.20.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Continuing advances in genotyping technologies and the inclusion of DNA collection in observational studies have resulted in an increasing number of genetic association studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the overall progress and contribution of candidate gene association studies to current understanding of the genetic susceptibility to cancer. DATA SOURCES We systematically examined the results of meta-analyses and pooled analyses for genetic polymorphisms and cancer risk published through March 2008. STUDY SELECTION We identified 161 meta-analyses and pooled analyses, encompassing 18 cancer sites and 99 genes. Analyses had to meet the following criteria: include at least 500 cases, have cancer risk as outcome, not be focused on HLA antigen genetic markers, and be published in English. DATA EXTRACTION Information on cancer site, gene name, variant, point estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI), allelic frequency, number of studies and cases, tests of study heterogeneity, and publication bias were extracted by 1 investigator and reviewed by other investigators. RESULTS These 161 analyses evaluated 344 gene-variant cancer associations and included on average 7.3 studies and 3551 cases (range, 508-19 729 cases) per investigated association. The summary odds ratio (OR) for 98 (28%) statistically significant associations (P value <.05) were further evaluated by estimating the false-positive report probability (FPRP) at a given prior probability and statistical power. At a prior probability level of 0.001 and statistical power to detect an OR of 1.5, 13 gene-variant cancer associations remained noteworthy (FPRP <0.2). Assuming a very low prior probability of 0.000001, similar to a probability assumed for a randomly selected single-nucleotide polymorphism in a genome-wide association study, and statistical power to detect an OR of 1.5, 4 associations were considered noteworthy as denoted by an FPRP value <0.2: GSTM1 null and bladder cancer (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6; P = 1.9 x 10(-14)), NAT2 slow acetylator and bladder cancer (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26-1.68; P = 2.5 x 10(-7)), MTHFR C677T and gastric cancer (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31-1.77; P = 4.9 x 10(-8)), and GSTM1 null and acute leukemia (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.25; P = 8.6 x 10(-15)). When the OR used to determine statistical power was lowered to 1.2, 2 of the 4 noteworthy associations remained so: GSTM1 null with bladder cancer and acute leukemia. CONCLUSION In this review of candidate gene association studies, nearly one-third of gene-variant cancer associations were statistically significant, with variants in genes encoding for metabolizing enzymes among the most consistent and highly significant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Dong
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John D Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lon R Cardon
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, intakes of folate and related B vitamins and colorectal cancer: a case-control study in a population with relatively low folate intake. Br J Nutr 2007; 99:379-89. [PMID: 18053312 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507801073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Folate is key in one-carbon metabolism, disruption of which can interfere with DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. Efficient one-carbon metabolism requires other B vitamins and the optimal activity of enzymes including 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). We report a population-based case-control study of folate intake, related dietary factors and MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T, A1298C) and colorectal cancer in a population with relatively high colorectal cancer incidence and relatively low folate intake. A total of 264 cases with histologically confirmed incident colorectal cancer and 408 controls participated. There was no clear trend in risk with reported intakes of total, or dietary, folate, riboflavin, vitamin B12 or vitamin B6, nor were there interactions between folate intake and the other B vitamins or alcohol. For C677T, risk decreased with increasing variant alleles (multivariate OR for CT v. CC = 0.77 (95 % CI 0.52, 1.16); OR for TT v. CC = 0.62 (95 % CI 0.31, 1.24)), which, although not statistically significant, was consistent with previous studies. For A1298C, compared with AA subjects, CC subjects had modest, non-significant, reduced risk (multivariate OR = 0.81 (95 % CI 0.45, 1.49)). There were significant interactions between total folate and C677T (P = 0.029) and A1298C (P = 0.025), and total vitamin B6 and both polymorphisms (C677T, P = 0.016; A1298C, P = 0.033), although the patterns observed differed from previous studies. Seen against the setting of low folate intake, the results suggest that the role of folate metabolism in colorectal cancer aetiology may be more complex than previously thought. Investigation of particular folate vitamers (for example, tetrahydrofolate, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) may help clarify carcinogenesis pathways.
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