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Grignani P, Visonà SD, Fronda MV, Borrelli P, Monti MC, Bertoglio B, Conti A, Fattorini P, Previderè C. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to iron homeostasis in mesothelioma susceptibility after asbestos exposure: a genetic study on autoptic samples. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236558. [PMID: 37942251 PMCID: PMC10628177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-related diseases still represent a major public health problem all over the world. Among them, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a poor-prognosis cancer, arising from the serosal lining of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, triggered by asbestos exposure. Literature data suggest the key role of iron metabolism in the coating process leading to the formation of asbestos bodies, considered to be both protective and harmful. Two sample sets of individuals were taken into consideration, both residing in Broni or neighboring cities (Northwestern Italy) where an asbestos cement factory was active between 1932 and 1993. The present study aims to compare the frequency of six SNPs involved in iron trafficking, previously found to be related to protection/predisposition to MM after asbestos exposure, between 48 male subjects with documented asbestos exposure who died of MM and 48 male subjects who were exposed to asbestos but did not develop MM or other neoplastic respiratory diseases (Non-Mesothelioma Asbestos Exposed - NMAE). The same analysis was performed on 76 healthy male controls. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of a sub-group of 107 healthy Italian individuals contained in the 1000 genomes database were considered for comparison. PCR-multiplex amplification followed by SNaPshot mini-sequencing reaction was used. The findings presented in this study show that the allelic and genotypic frequencies for six SNP markers involved in iron metabolism/homeostasis and the modulation of tumor microenvironment are not significantly different between the two sample sets of MM and NMAE. Therefore, the SNPs here considered do not seem to be useful markers for individual susceptibility to mesothelioma. This finding is not in agreement with previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Fronda
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertoglio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Conti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Forensic Medicine Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Broz M, Furlan V, Lešnik S, Jukič M, Bren U. The Effect of the Ala16Val Mutation on the Secondary Structure of the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122348. [PMID: 36552556 PMCID: PMC9774195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) represents a mitochondrial protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative stress. A known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4880 on the SOD2 gene, causing a mutation from alanine to valine (Ala16Val) in the primary structure of immature MnSOD, has been associated with several types of cancer and other autoimmune diseases. However, no conclusive correlation has been established yet. This study aims to determine the effect of the alanine to valine mutation on the secondary structure of the MnSOD mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). A model for each variant of the MTS was prepared and extensively simulated with molecular dynamics simulations using the CHARMM36m force field. The results indicate that the alanine variant of the MTS preserves a uniform α-helical secondary structure favorable for the protein transport into mitochondria, whereas the valine variant quickly breaks down its α-helix. Thus, the alanine MTS represents the more active MnSOD variant, the benefits of which have yet to be determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Broz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Furlan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Samo Lešnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Variant Enrichment Analysis to Explore Pathways Disruption in a Necropsy Series of Asbestos-Exposed Shipyard Workers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113628. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant enrichment analysis (VEA), a recently developed bioinformatic workflow, has been shown to be a valuable tool for whole-exome sequencing data analysis, allowing finding differences between the number of genetic variants in a given pathway compared to a reference dataset. In a previous study, using VEA, we identified different pathway signatures associated with the development of pulmonary toxicities in mesothelioma patients treated with radical hemithoracic radiation therapy. Here, we used VEA to discover novel pathways altered in individuals exposed to asbestos who developed or not asbestos-related diseases (lung cancer or mesothelioma). A population-based autopsy study was designed in which asbestos exposure was evaluated and quantitated by investigating objective signs of exposure. We selected patients with similar exposure to asbestos. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were used as a source of DNA and whole-exome sequencing analysis was performed, running VEA to identify potentially disrupted pathways in individuals who developed thoracic cancers induced by asbestos exposure. By using VEA analysis, we confirmed the involvement of pathways considered as the main culprits for asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: oxidative stress and chromosome instability. Furthermore, we identified protective genetic assets preserving genome stability and susceptibility assets predisposing to a worst outcome.
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The role of polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes in asbestos-related diseases. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:179-186. [PMID: 33544514 PMCID: PMC8042823 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigated the influence of GCLC, GCLM, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, as well as the influence of interactions between polymorphism and interactions between polymorphisms and asbestos exposure, on the risk of developing pleural plaques, asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma (MM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The cross sectional study included 940 asbestos-exposed subjects, among them 390 subjects with pleural plaques, 147 subjects with asbestosis, 225 subjects with MM and 178 subjects with no asbestos-related disease. GCLC rs17883901, GCLM rs41303970, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 rs1695 and GSTP1 rs1138272 genotypes were determined using PCR based methods. In statistical analysis, logistic regression was used. RESULTS GSTT1 null genotype was associated with the decreased risk for pleural plaques (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.40-0.98; p = 0.026) and asbestosis (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.28-0.93; p = 0.028), but not for MM. A positive association was found between GSTP1 rs1695 AG + GG vs. AA genotypes for MM when compared to pleural plaques (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00-1.94; p = 0.049). The interactions between different polymorphisms showed no significant influence on the risk of investigated asbestos-related diseases. The interaction between GSTT1 null polymorphism and asbestos exposure decreased the MM risk (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.03-0.85; p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GSTT1 null genotype may be associated with a decreased risk for pleural plaques and asbestosis, may modify the association between asbestos exposure and MM and may consequently act protectively on MM risk. This study also revealed a protective effect of the interaction between GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism and asbestos exposure on MM risk.
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Panou V, Røe OD. Inherited Genetic Mutations and Polymorphisms in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124327. [PMID: 32560575 PMCID: PMC7352726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is mainly caused by air-born asbestos but genetic susceptibility is also suspected to be a risk factor. Recent studies suggest an increasing number of candidate genes that may predispose to MM besides the well-characterized BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important studies on germline mutations for MM. A total of 860 publications were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, of which 81 met the inclusion criteria and were consider for this review. More than 50% of the genes that are reported to predispose to MM are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, and the majority of them have a role in the homologous recombination pathway. Genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes involved in chromatin, transcription and hypoxia regulation have also been described. Furthermore, we identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may promote MM tumorigenesis as a result of an asbestos-gene interaction, including SNPs in DNA repair, carcinogen detoxification and other genes previously associated with other malignancies. The identification of inherited mutations for MM and an understanding of the underlying pathways may allow early detection and prevention of malignancies in high-risk individuals and pave the way for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Celsi F, Crovella S, Moura RR, Schneider M, Vita F, Finotto L, Zabucchi G, Zacchi P, Borelli V. Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer: the role of asbestos exposure and genetic variants in selected iron metabolism and inflammation genes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1088-1102. [PMID: 31755376 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1694612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two of the major cancerous diseases associated with asbestos exposure are malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung cancer (LC). In addition to asbestos exposure, genetic factors have been suggested to be associated with asbestos-related carcinogenesis and lung genotoxicity. While genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to MPM were reported, to date the influence of individual genetic variations on asbestos-related lung cancer risk is still poorly understood. Since inflammation and disruption of iron (Fe) homeostasis are hallmarks of asbestos exposure affecting the pulmonary tissue, this study aimed at investigating the association between Fe-metabolism and inflammasome gene variants and susceptibility to develop LC or MPM, by comparing an asbestos-exposed population affected by LC with an "asbestos-resistant exposed population". A retrospective approach similar to our previous autopsy-based pilot study was employed in a novel cohort of autoptic samples, thus giving us the possibility to corroborate previous findings obtained on MPM by repeating the analysis in a novel cohort of autoptic samples. The protective role of HEPH coding SNP was further confirmed. In addition, the two non-coding SNPs, either in FTH1 or in TF, emerged to exert a similar protective role in a new cohort of LC exposed individuals from the same geographic area of MPM subjects. No association was found between NLRP1 and NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to develop MPM and LC. Further research into a specific MPM and LC "genetic signature" may be needed to broaden our knowledge of the genetic landscape attributed to result in MPM and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Celsi
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (LILT), Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - R R Moura
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M Schneider
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - F Vita
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - L Finotto
- Workplace Safety and Prevention, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - G Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Alterations of Mitochondrial Biology in the Oral Mucosa of Chilean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Cells 2019; 8:cells8040367. [PMID: 31018497 PMCID: PMC6523430 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by the impairment of socio-communicative skills and the presence of restricted and stereotyped behavior patterns. Recent researches have revealed the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD. Several research groups have identified defects in respiratory complexes, coenzyme-Q10 deficiency, increased oxidative damage, decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). A study on the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD can provide new alternatives and challenges. That is why we set ourselves the general objective to initiate studies of mitochondrial physiology in Chilean children with ASD. A sample of oral mucosa was collected in a group of 12 children diagnosed with ASD and 12 children without ASD. In children with ASD, we found a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA levels. Likewise, in these children, an increase in the protein oxidation was observed. Finally, a downward trend in the expression of the HIGD2A and SOD2 genes was observed, while DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 gene expression show an upward trend. The increment of mitochondrial DNA, high oxidative stress, and high expression of the MFN2 gene could help as a scanner of the mitochondrial function in children with ASD.
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Ding F, Li JP, Zhang Y, Qi GH, Song ZC, Yu YH. Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between the rs1138272 Polymorphism of the GSTP1 Gene and Cancer Susceptibility. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1897. [PMID: 30740061 PMCID: PMC6355699 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We obtained conflicting results regarding the relationship between the genetic role of the rs1138272 C/T polymorphism of the GSTP1 (Glutathione S-Transferase pi) gene and the risk of various cancers. Methods: Using the presently available data, a meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the genetic relationship between the GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Results: A total of 43 studies including 15,688 cases and 17,143 controls were recruited into our quantitative synthesis. In the overall population, we observed an increased risk of overall cancer cases, compared with unrelated controls, in the genetic models of allele T vs. allele C (P-association = 0.007, OR = 1.17), carrier T vs. carrier C (P-association = 0.035, OR = 1.11), TT vs. CC (P-association = 0.002, OR = 1.45), TT vs. CC+CT (P-association = 0.009, OR = 1.42), and CT+TT vs. CC (P-association = 0.027, OR = 1.13). We detected similar positive results within the Asian population. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the incidence of cancer for Africans under all genetic models (all P-association < 0.05, OR > 1). When targeting the Caucasian population, we detected a positive association with the TT vs. CC and TT vs. CC+CT models in the “Colorectal cancer” (P-association < 0.05, OR < 1) and “Head and neck cancer” (P-association < 0.05, OR > 1) subgroups. For the “Lung cancer” subgroup, we observed a slightly increased risk in Caucasians under the models of allele T vs. allele C, carrier T vs. carrier C, CT vs. CC, and CT+TT vs. CC (P-association < 0.05, OR > 1). Conclusion: The TT genotype of the GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphism is likely related to the susceptibility to overall cancer in the Asian and African populations and, specifically, “Colorectal” and “Head and neck” cancers in the Caucasian population. In addition, the CT genotype of the GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphism may be linked to the risk of lung cancer in Caucasians. Additional evidence is required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Second Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Public Health, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Qi
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China
| | - Yong-Hua Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Wang P, Zhu Y, Xi S, Li S, Zhang Y. Association between MnSOD Val16Ala Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Evidence from 33,098 Cases and 37,831 Controls. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3061974. [PMID: 30245752 PMCID: PMC6139213 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3061974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a critical role in the defense against reactive oxygen species. The association between MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism and cancer risk has been widely studied, but the results are contradictory. To obtain more precision on the association, we performed the current meta-analysis with 33,098 cases and 37,831 controls from 88 studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. We found that the polymorphism was associated with an increased overall cancer risk (homozygous: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00-1.19; heterozygous: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.12; dominant: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14; and allele comparison: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11). Stratification analysis further showed an increased risk for prostate cancer, Asians, Caucasians, population-based studies, hospital-based studies, low quality and high quality studies. However, the increased risk for MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism among Asians needs further validation based on the false-positive report probability (FPRP) test. To summarize, this meta-analysis suggests that the MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism is associated with significantly increased cancer risk, which needs further validation in single large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Shoumin Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yanle Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
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Melaiu O, Gemignani F, Landi S. The genetic susceptibility in the development of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S246-S252. [PMID: 29507792 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer of the pleural cavity whose main risk factor is exposure to asbestos. However, it has been shown that only a minority of exposed people develops MPM. In fact, the incidence among professionally exposed workers was shown to vary between 0.5% and 18.0%. Various hints suggested that other important cofactors could play a role, in particular the genetic susceptibility. Impressive is the case of Cappadocians families exposed to erionite and affected by an "epidemic" of MPM with about half of the inhabitants dying for the disease. However, no results for a "Cappadocia" gene of susceptibility to MPM have been obtained yet and more studies are needed. Among asbestos-exposed workers, several studies reported familial cases of MPM, suggesting that heredity could be important in the tumor development. However, large studies on familial clusters showed only weak increased risks that could be attributable also to indirect exposures in a contaminated household. Moreover, the risk of developing MPM is increased of a limited extent among people exposed to asbestos with a positive history of familial cancers. A particular is represented by carriers of germline mutations within BAP1 gene. In families and in animal models, mutations within BAP1 are strongly predisposing to develop MPM. However, also other types of cancer (such as uveal melanoma) are present, thus BAP1 mutations are considered as responsible for a hereditary form of a multi-cancer syndrome. In any case, among sporadic MPM, the prevalence of germline BAP1 mutations is negligible. Finally, genetic studies highlighted the presence of low-risk susceptibility alleles, such as those within XRCC3, NAT2 or GSTM1. Two different genome-wide association studies could not find positive associations reaching the genome-wide statistical significance threshold, however, both were concordant in showing a weak signal within the SDK1 gene region. Overall, it could be concluded that, as for other types of sporadic cancers, the susceptibility to develop MPM following asbestos exposure is modulated moderately by the individual genetic background. Further studies on larger series could help in a better characterization of more genes predisposing to MPM, being this tumor a rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer with poor outcome, associated with asbestos exposure. Reactive oxygen species may play an important role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis; therefore, genetic variability in antioxidative defence may modify an individual’s susceptibility to this cancer. This study investigated the influence of functional polymorphisms of NQO1, CAT, SOD2 and hOGG1 genes, gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions on malignant mesothelioma risk. Patients and methods In total, 150 cases with malignant mesothelioma and 122 controls with no asbestos-related disease were genotyped for NQO1, CAT, SOD2 and hOGG1 polymorphisms. Results The risk of malignant mesothelioma increased with smoking, odds ratio (OR) 9.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.83–17.98] and slightly with age, OR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.08–1.14). Medium and high asbestos exposures represented 7-times higher risk of malignant mesothelioma compared to low exposure, OR 7.05 (95% CI 3.59–13.83). NQO1 rs1800566 was significantly associated with increased malignant mesothelioma risk, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.02–2.96). Although there was no independent association between either CAT rs1001179 or hOGG1 rs1052133 polymorphism and malignant mesothelioma, interaction between both polymorphisms showed a protective effect, ORint 0.27 (95% CI 0.10–0.77). Conclusions Our findings suggest a role of both genetic variability in antioxidative defence and repair as well as the impact of gene-gene interactions in the development of malignant mesothelioma. The results of this study could add to our understanding of pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma and contribute to prevention and earlier diagnosis of this aggressive cancer.
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Ji J, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Incidence and familial risk of pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: a national cohort study. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:873-9. [PMID: 27174879 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00091-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial clustering of pleural mesothelioma was reported previously, but none of the reports quantified the familial risk of mesothelioma or the association with other cancers. The contributions of shared environmental or genetic factors to the aggregation of mesothelioma were unknown.We used a number of Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, to examine the familial risk of mesothelioma in offspring. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to calculate the risk. Age standardised incidence rates of mesothelioma were calculated from the Swedish Cancer Registry.The incidence of mesothelioma reached its peak rate in 2000 and decreased thereafter. Risk of mesothelioma was significantly increased when parents or siblings were diagnosed with mesothelioma, with SIRs of 3.88 (95% CI 1.01-10.04) and 12.37 (95% CI 5.89-22.84), respectively. Mesothelioma was associated with kidney (SIR 2.13, 95% CI 1.16-3.59) and bladder cancers (SIR 2.09, 95% CI 1.32-3.14) in siblings. No association was found between spouses.Family history of mesothelioma, including both parental and sibling history, is an important risk factor for mesothelioma. Shared genetic factors may contribute to the observed familial clustering of mesothelioma, but the contribution of shared environmental factors could not be neglected. The association with kidney and bladder cancers calls for further study to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Ji
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Crovella S, Bianco AM, Vuch J, Zupin L, Moura RR, Trevisan E, Schneider M, Brollo A, Nicastro EM, Cosenzi A, Zabucchi G, Borelli V. Iron signature in asbestos-induced malignant pleural mesothelioma: A population-based autopsy study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:129-141. [PMID: 26818092 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1123452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. The development of MPM is frequently linked to inhalation of asbestos fibers. A genetic component of susceptibility to this disease is suggested by the observation that some individuals develop MPM following lower doses of asbestos exposure, whereas others exposed to higher quantities do not seem to be affected. This hypothesis is supported also by frequent reports of MPM familial clustering. Despite the widely recognized role of iron (Fe) in cellular asbestos-induced pulmonary toxicity, the role of the related gene polymorphisms in the etiology of MPM has apparently not been evaluated. Eighty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10 Fe-metabolism genes were examined by exploiting formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded postmortem samples from 77 patients who died due to MPM (designated AEM) and compared with 48 who were exposed to asbestos but from died in old age of cause other than asbestos (designated AENM). All subjects showed objective signs of asbestos exposure. Three SNPs, localized in the ferritin heavy polypeptide, transferrin, and hephaestin genes, whose frequencies were distributed differently in AEM and AENM populations, were identified. For ferritin and transferrin the C/C and the G/G genotypes, respectively, representing intronic polymorphisms, were significantly associated with protection against MPM and need to be considered as possible genetic markers of protection. Similarly, the C/C hephaestin SNP, a missense variation of this multicopper ferroxidase encoding gene, may be related, also functionally, with protection against MPM. In conclusion, it is proposed that three Fe metabolism-associated genes, significantly associated with protection against development of MPM, may serve as protective markers for this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Crovella
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - Anna Monica Bianco
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - Joseph Vuch
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | - Luisa Zupin
- a Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo , Trieste , Italy
| | | | - Elisa Trevisan
- b Department of Life Science , University of Trieste , Italy
| | - Manuela Schneider
- c Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , Hospital of Monfalcone (GO), Ass2 , Gorizia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Brollo
- c Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , Hospital of Monfalcone (GO), Ass2 , Gorizia , Italy
| | - Enza Maria Nicastro
- c Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy , Hospital of Monfalcone (GO), Ass2 , Gorizia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Cosenzi
- d Department of Medicine , Hospital of Monfalcone (GO), Ass2 , Gorizia , Italy
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Becer E, Çırakoğlu A. Association of the Ala16Val MnSOD gene polymorphism with plasma leptin levels and oxidative stress biomarkers in obese patients. Gene 2015; 568:35-9. [PMID: 25958349 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress is a major characteristic of obesity. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme known to be present within mitochondria and is considered a main defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the MnSOD gene Ala16Val polymorphism in obesity in terms of body mass index (BMI), lipid parameters, plasma leptin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and oxidative stress biomarkers. The study included 150 obese and 120 non-obese subjects. The MnSOD Ala16Val polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma leptin levels, serum lipid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and anthropometric parameters were measured. No association was found between the MnSOD gene Ala16Val polymorphism and BMI in the study or control group. Strikingly, in the study group, obese subjects with the VV genotype had significantly higher plasma leptin levels (p<0.001) than those with the AA and AV genotypes. Serum total cholesterol (p<0.01) and MDA (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher in subjects with the VV genotype for MnSOD in the obese and non-obese groups. In the obese group, subjects with the VV genotype had significantly lower SOD (p<0.001) activity than the AA and AV genotypes. Our results suggest that the MnSOD gene polymorphism was associated with leptin levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the obese group but had no direct association with obesity. Moreover, the Ala16Val polymorphism has a significant effect on lipid profiles and MDA levels in both obese and non-obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Çırakoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Barlow CA, Lievense L, Gross S, Ronk CJ, Paustenbach DJ. The role of genotoxicity in asbestos-induced mesothelioma: an explanation for the differences in carcinogenic potential among fiber types. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:553-67. [PMID: 23905972 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.807321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism(s) underlying asbestos toxicity associated with the pathogenesis of mesothelioma has been a challenge to unravel for more than 60 years. A significant amount of research has focused on the characteristics of different fiber types and their potential to induce mesothelioma. These mechanistic studies of fiber toxicity have proceeded along two lines: those demonstrating biochemical mechanisms by which fibers induce disease and those investigating human susceptibility. Most recent studies focused on in vitro genotoxic effects induced by asbestos as the mechanism responsible for asbestos-induced disease. Although asbestos exerts a genotoxic effect at certain concentrations in vitro, a positive response in these tests does not indicate that the chemical is likely to produce an increased risk of carcinogenesis in exposed human populations. Thus far, findings from studies on the effects of fiber type in mesothelial cells are seriously flawed by a lack of a dose response relationship. The common limitation of these in vitro experiments is the lack of attention paid to the complexities of the human anatomy, biochemistry and physiology, which make the observed effects in these experimental systems difficult to extrapolate to persons in the workplace. Mechanistic differences between carcinogenic and genotoxic processes indicate why tests for genotoxicity do not provide much insight regarding the ability to predict carcinogenic potential in workers exposed to asbestos doses in the post-Occupational Safety and Health Administration era. This review discusses the existing literature on asbestos-induced genotoxicity and explains why these studies may or may not likely help characterize the dose-response curve at low dose.
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17
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The Relationship between ALA16VAL Single Gene Polymorphism and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Adv Urol 2014; 2014:932481. [PMID: 24587799 PMCID: PMC3920972 DOI: 10.1155/2014/932481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of RCC and Ala16Val polymorphism in Turkish patients with RCC. Materials and Methods. A total of 41 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy in our clinic and 50 healthy volunteers living in the same geographic area were included in this study. DNA samples from serum of RCC patients and controls were genotyped for MnSOD polymorphism analysis. Genotype ratios and allele frequencies were compared between two groups and odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated statistically. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. There was a significant difference in the MnSOD genotype distributions between the RCC patients and the controls in terms of Ala/Ala+Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes (P = 0.039). The Ala/Ala+Ala/Val genotypes were found significantly suspicious for RCC with an OR of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.06–6.69, P = 0.039). In addition, Ala allele was found significantly suspicious for RCC with an OR of 2.26 (95% CI = 1.24–4.12, P = 0.009). Conclusion. Our study indicated that MnSOD Ala16Val polymorphism may be one of the many genetic factors for renal cancer susceptibility in Turkish patients.
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Bonifazi F, Storci G, Bandini G, Marasco E, Dan E, Zani E, Albani F, Bertoni S, Bontadini A, De Carolis S, Sapienza MR, Rizzi S, Motta MR, Ferioli M, Garagnani P, Cavo M, Mantovani V, Bonafè M. Glutathione transferase-A2 S112T polymorphism predicts survival, transplant-related mortality, busulfan and bilirubin blood levels after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2013; 99:172-9. [PMID: 24056816 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.089888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Busulfan liver metabolism depends on glutathione, a crucial mediator of cellular and systemic stress. Here we investigated 40 polymorphisms at 27 loci involved in hepatic glutathione homeostasis, with the aim of testing their impact on the clinical outcome of 185 busulfan-conditioned allogeneic transplants. GSTA2 S112T serine allele homozygosity is an independent prognostic factor for poorer survival (RR=2.388), for increased any time- and 100-day transplant-related mortality (RR=4.912 and RR=5.185, respectively). The genotype also predicts a wider busulfan area under the concentration-time curve (1214.36 ± 570.06 vs. 838.10 ± 282.40 mMol*min) and higher post-transplant bilirubin serum levels (3.280 ± 0.422 vs. 1.874+0.197 mg/dL). In vitro, busulfan elicits pro-inflammatory activation (increased NF-KappaB activity and interleukin-8 expression) in human hepatoma cells. At the same time, the drug down-regulates a variety of genes involved in bilirubin liver clearance: constitutive androstane receptor, multidrug resistance-associated protein, solute carrier organic anion transporters, and even GSTA2. It is worthy of note that GSTA2 also acts as an intra-hepatic bilirubin binding protein. These data underline the prognostic value of GSTA2 genetic variability in busulfan-conditioned allotransplants and suggest a patho-physiological model in which busulfan-induced inflammation leads to the impairment of post-transplant bilirubin metabolism.
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Pinton G, Manente AG, Tavian D, Moro L, Mutti L. Therapies currently in Phase II trials for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1255-63. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.816281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Huang SX, Wu FX, Luo M, Ma L, Gao KF, Li J, Wu WJ, Huang S, Yang Q, Liu K, Zhao YN, Li LQ. The glutathione S-transferase P1 341C>T polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 28 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56722. [PMID: 23437223 PMCID: PMC3578943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GSTP1, which is one major group of the glutathione S-transferase family, plays an important role in the metabolism of carcinogens and toxins, reducing damage of DNA as a suppressor of carcinogenesis. The 341C>T polymorphism of the GSTP1 has been implicated in cancer risk through cutting down its metabolic detoxification activities. However, results from previous studies remain conflicting rather than conclusive. To clarify the correlation and provide more statistical evidence for detecting the significance of 341C>T, a meta-analysis was conducted. Methodology/Principal Findings The relevant studies were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge and China National Knowledge Infrastructure in August 2012, and selected based on the established inclusion criteria for publications, then a meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively summarize the association of GSTP1 341C>T polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. Stratified analyses were employed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated as well as sensitivity analysis. Based on 28 case-control studies with 13249 cases and 16798 controls, the pooled results indicated that the variant genotypes significantly increased the risk of cancer in homozygote comparison (TT versus CC: P = 0.012, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.81, Phet. = 0.575), and recessive model (TT versus CT/CC: P = 0.012, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.81, Phet. = 0.562). This was confirmed when stratified analyses were conducted according to ethnicity, source of control, matched control, quality score and cancer types. Moreover, significantly increased risk of cancer was also found in lung cancer (heterozygote comparison and dominant model). The stability of these observations was confirmed by a sensitivity analysis. Begger's funnel plot and Egger's test did not reveal any publication bias. Conclusions/Significance This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTP1 341C>T polymorphism may contribute to genetic susceptibility to cancer, especially to lung cancer, and in Asian population. Nevertheless, additional well-designed studies focusing on different ethnicity and cancer types are needed to provide a more exact and comprehensive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-xin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Experiment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-feng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-juan Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-nong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ugolini D, Neri M, Bennati L, Canessa PA, Casanova G, Lando C, Leoncini G, Marroni P, Parodi B, Simonassi C, Bonassi S. CREST biorepository for translational studies on malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer and other respiratory tract diseases: Informatics infrastructure and standardized annotation. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:540-546. [PMID: 22969926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular epidemiology and translational research have led to the need for biospecimen collection. The Cancer of the Respiratory Tract (CREST) biorepository is concerned with pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM) and lung cancer (LC). The biorepository staff has collected demographic and epidemiological data directly from consenting subjects using a structured questionnaire, in agreement with The Public Population Project in Genomics (P(3)G). Clinical and follow-up data were collected. Sample data were also recorded. The architecture is based on a database designed with Microsoft Access. Data standardization was carried out to conform with established conventions or procedures. As from January 31, 2011, the overall number of recruited subjects was 1,857 (454 LC, 245 MM, 130 other cancers and 1,028 controls). Due to its infrastructure, CREST was able to join international projects, sharing samples and/or data with other research groups in the field. The data management system allows CREST to be involved, through a minimum data set, in the national project for the construction of the Italian network of Oncologic BioBanks (RIBBO), and in the infrastructure of a pan-European biobank network (BBMRI). The CREST biorepository is a valuable tool for translational studies on respiratory tract diseases, because of its simple and efficient infrastructure.
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Crawford A, Fassett RG, Geraghty DP, Kunde DA, Ball MJ, Robertson IK, Coombes JS. Relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes and disease. Gene 2012; 501:89-103. [PMID: 22525041 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence and progression of numerous diseases have been linked to deficiencies in antioxidant systems. The relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arising from specific antioxidant enzymes and diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress have been studied with the rationale that they may be useful in screening for diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to analyse evidence from these studies. The antioxidant enzyme SNPs selected for analysis are based on those most frequently investigated in relation to diseases in humans: superoxide dismutase (SOD2) Ala16Val (80 studies), glutathione peroxidise (GPx1) Pro197Leu (24 studies) and catalase C-262T (22 studies). Although the majority of evidence supports associations between the SOD2 Ala16Val SNP and diseases such as breast, prostate and lung cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the presence of the SOD2 Ala16Val SNP confers only a small, clinically insignificant reduction (if any) in the risk of these diseases. Other diseases such as bladder cancer, liver disease, nervous system pathologies and asthma have not been consistently related to this SOD SNP genotype. The GPx1 Pro197Leu and catalase C-262T SNP genotypes have been associated with breast cancer, but only in a small number of studies. Thus, currently available evidence suggests antioxidant enzyme SNP genotypes are not useful for screening for diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Crawford
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
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23
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Murakami A, Fujimori Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yamada S, Tamura K, Hirayama N, Terada T, Kuribayashi K, Tabata C, Fukuoka K, Tamaoki T, Nakano T. Heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphism is associated with risk of malignant mesothelioma. Lung 2012; 190:333-7. [PMID: 22271370 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of serosal surfaces that is closely associated with asbestos exposure which induces oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, a rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation, plays a protective role against oxidative stress. The HO-1 gene promoter carries (GT)n repeats whose number is inversely related to transcriptional activity of the HO-1 gene. METHODS To investigate the relationship between the length polymorphism of (GT)n repeats and mesothelioma susceptibility, we analyzed the HO-1 promoter in 44 asbestos-exposed subjects without mesothelioma and 78 asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma using PCR-based genotyping. RESULTS The number of repeats ranged from 16 to 38, with two peaks at 23 and 30 repeats. Polymorphisms of (GT)n repeats were grouped into two classes of alleles, short (S) (<24) and long (L) (≥24), and three genotypes: L/L, L/S, and S/S. The proportions of allele frequencies in class L as well as genotypic frequencies of L allele carriers (L/L and L/S) were significantly higher in the asbestos-exposed subjects with mesothelioma than in those without mesothelioma. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that long (GT)n repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter are associated with a higher risk of malignant mesothelioma in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Murakami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Ex vivo study for the assessment of behavioral factor and gene polymorphisms in individual susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage metals-induced. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 214:210-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Betti M, Ferrante D, Padoan M, Guarrera S, Giordano M, Aspesi A, Mirabelli D, Casadio C, Ardissone F, Ruffini E, Betta PG, Libener R, Guaschino R, Matullo G, Piccolini E, Magnani C, Dianzani I. XRCC1 and ERCC1 variants modify malignant mesothelioma risk: a case-control study. Mutat Res 2011; 708:11-20. [PMID: 21277872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare aggressive tumor associated with asbestos exposure. The possible role of genetic factors has also been suggested and MPM has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of xenobiotic and oxidative metabolism enzymes. We have identified an association of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 with MPM in the population of Casale Monferrato, a town exposed to high asbestos pollution. To extend this observation we examined 35 SNPs in 15 genes that could be involved in MPM carcinogenicity in 220 MPM patients and 296 controls from two case-control studies conducted in Casale (151 patients, 252 controls) and Turin (69 patients, 44 controls), respectively. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Two DNA repair genes were associated with MPM, i.e. XRCC1 and ERCC1. Considering asbestos-exposed only, the risk increased with the increasing number of XRCC1-399Q alleles (Casale: OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03; Casale+Turin: OR=1.34, 95%CI 0.98-1.84) or XRCC1 -77T alleles (Casale+Turin: OR=1.33, 95%CI 0.97-1.81). The XRCC1-TGGGGGAACAGA haplotype was significantly associated with MPM (Casale: OR=1.76, 95%CI 1.04-2.96). Patients heterozygotes for ERCC1 N118N showed an increased OR in all subjects (OR=1.66, 95%CI 1.06-2.60) and in asbestos-exposed only (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.01-2.50). When the dominant model was considered (i.e. ERCC1 heterozygotes CT plus homozygotes CC versus homozygotes TT) the risk was statistically significant both in all subjects (OR=1.61, 95%CI 1.06-2.47) and in asbestos-exposed only (OR=1.56, 95%CI 1.02-2.40). The combination of ERCC1 N118N and XRCC1 R399Q was statistically significant (Casale: OR=2.02, 95%CI 1.01-4.05; Casale+Turin: OR=2.39, 95%CI 1.29-4.43). The association of MPM with DNA repair genes support the hypothesis that an increased susceptibility to DNA damage may favour asbestos carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Betti
- Laboratory of Genetic Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Below JE, Cox NJ, Fukagawa NK, Hirvonen A, Testa JR. Factors that impact susceptibility to fiber-induced health effects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:246-66. [PMID: 21534090 PMCID: PMC3118508 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos and related fibers are associated with a number of adverse health effects, including malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive cancer that generally develops in the surface serosal cells of the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Although approximately 80% of individuals with MM are exposed to asbestos, fewer than 5% of asbestos workers develop MM. In addition to asbestos, other mineralogical, environmental, genetic, and possibly viral factors might contribute to MM susceptibility. Given this complex etiology of MM, understanding susceptibility to MM needs to be a priority for investigators in order to reduce exposure of those most at risk to known environmental carcinogens. In this review, the current body of literature related to fiber-associated disease susceptibility including age, sex, nutrition, genetics, asbestos, and other mineral exposure is addressed with a focus on MM, and critical areas for further study are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Below
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Hillegass JM, Shukla A, MacPherson MB, Lathrop SA, Alexeeva V, Perkins TN, van der Vliet A, Vacek PM, Gunter ME, Mossman BT. Mechanisms of oxidative stress and alterations in gene expression by Libby six-mix in human mesothelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20831825 PMCID: PMC2945990 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to an amphibole fiber in Libby, Montana cause increases in malignant mesothelioma (MM), a tumor of the pleural and peritoneal cavities with a poor prognosis. Affymetrix microarray/GeneSifter analysis was used to determine alterations in gene expression of a human mesothelial cell line (LP9/TERT-1) by a non-toxic concentration (15×10(6) μm2/cm2) of unprocessed Libby six-mix and negative (glass beads) and positive (crocidolite asbestos) controls. Because manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; SOD2) was the only gene upregulated significantly (p < 0.05) at both 8 and 24 h, we measured SOD protein and activity, oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) levels to better understand oxidative events after exposure to non-toxic (15×10(6) μm2/cm2) and toxic concentrations (75×10(6) μm2/cm2) of Libby six-mix. RESULTS Exposure to 15×10(6) μm2/cm2 Libby six-mix elicited significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of one gene (SOD2; 4-fold) at 8 h and 111 gene changes at 24 h, including a 5-fold increase in SOD2. Increased levels of SOD2 mRNA at 24 h were also confirmed in HKNM-2 normal human pleural mesothelial cells by qRT-PCR. SOD2 protein levels were increased at toxic concentrations (75×10(6) μm2/cm2) of Libby six-mix at 24 h. In addition, levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD; SOD1) protein were increased at 24 h in all mineral groups. A dose-related increase in SOD2 activity was observed, although total SOD activity remained unchanged. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence staining and flow cytometry revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by LP9/TERT-1 cells exposed to Libby six-mix. Both Libby six-mix and crocidolite asbestos at 75×10(6) μm2/cm2 caused transient decreases (p < 0.05) in GSH for up to 24 h and increases in gene expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in LP9/TERT-1 and HKNM-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Libby six-mix causes multiple gene expression changes in LP9/TERT-1 human mesothelial cells, as well as increases in SOD2, increased production of oxidants, and transient decreases in intracellular GSH. These events are not observed at equal surface area concentrations of nontoxic glass beads. Results support a mechanistic basis for the importance of SOD2 in proliferation and apoptosis of mesothelial cells and its potential use as a biomarker of early responses to mesotheliomagenic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd M Hillegass
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Tu HK, Pan KF, Zhang Y, Li WQ, Zhang L, Ma JL, Li JY, You WC. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Polymorphism and Risk of Gastric Lesions, and Its Effects on Chemoprevention in a Chinese Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1089-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Manganese superoxide dismutase is the primary antioxidant enzyme in the mitochondria and is involved in carcinogenesis. To investigate the association between MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism and risk of advanced gastric lesions, and its effects on chemoprevention, a population-based study was conducted in Linqu, a high-risk area of gastric cancer in China.
Methods: Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis in 3,355 subjects with the baseline histopathologic diagnosis in 1994, and 2,758 of these subjects received subsequent three interventions including vitamin supplementation for 7.3 years. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model.
Results: We found an increased risk of dysplasia in subjects with the Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.68) compared with the Val/Val genotype. Stratified analysis indicated that a significantly elevated risk of intestinal metaplasia (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.64-4.38) or dysplasia (OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 2.79-5.74) was found in subjects carrying the Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype and Helicobacter pylori infection, and an interaction between this genotype and a high serum H. pylori IgG titer (>2.94) on the risk of dysplasia was observed (Pinteraction = 0.01). Furthermore, an elevated chance for regression of gastric lesions was observed in subjects with the Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype and high IgG titer in an intervention trial with vitamin supplementation (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.37-4.38).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that Val16Ala polymorphism may play an important role in development of advanced gastric lesions and modify the effect of vitamin supplementation on the evolution of gastric lesions.
Impact: Val16Ala polymorphism is related to gastric cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(4); 1089–97. ©2010 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-kang Tu
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kai-feng Pan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-qing Li
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun-ling Ma
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ji-you Li
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-cheng You
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology; and 3Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
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Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val-9Ala polymorphism and cancer risk – A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2874-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gemignani F, Neri M, Bottari F, Barale R, Canessa PA, Canzian F, Ceppi M, Spitaleri I, Cipollini M, Ivaldi GP, Mencoboni M, Scaruffi P, Tonini GP, Ugolini D, Mutti L, Bonassi S, Landi S. Risk of malignant pleural mesothelioma and polymorphisms in genes involved in the genome stability and xenobiotics metabolism. Mutat Res 2009; 671:76-83. [PMID: 19751749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer mostly attributable to asbestos exposure. Many polymorphic genes encoding for xenobiotic and oxidative metabolism enzymes (XME) or involved in genome stability (GS) can modulate individual MPM risk in exposed populations. An association study was carried out in a case-control setting including 119 MPM patients and two groups of referent subjects (104 with and 695 without documented asbestos exposure). Forty-eight polymorphisms in XME genes and 75 in GS-genes were evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed some significant associations of studied polymorphisms with MPM risk, but most of them disappeared after applying Bonferroni correction (new threshold for statistical significance: p=4.07 x 10(-4)). On the other hand, the nucleotidic change 282C>T within NAT2 held the statistical significance (OR=3.54; 95% CI 1.75-7.16; p=0.0002), reinforcing existing evidences that describe genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 possibly involved in the etiology of the MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gemignani
- Genetics - Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna, 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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31
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Manganese and extracellular superoxide dismutase polymorphisms and risk for asbestosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2009; 2009:493083. [PMID: 19636420 PMCID: PMC2712642 DOI: 10.1155/2009/493083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese and extracellular superoxide dismutases (SOD2 and SOD3) are part of the enzymatic defence against reactive oxygen species, which are involved in the pathogenesis of asbestosis. This study investigates whether SOD2Ala − 9Val and SOD3 Arg213Gly genetic polymorphisms represent risk factors for asbestosis in workers exposed to asbestos. The study included 262 cases with asbestosis and 265 controls with no asbestos-related disease. Cumulative asbestos exposure was calculated for each subject. A real-time PCR assay was introduced for genotyping. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess asbestosis risk. Asbestosis was associated with the homozygous SOD2 − 9Ala/Ala genotype (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.24), whereas the association for the SOD3 Arg/Gly genotype was not significant (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.62–4.27).
The finding that the SOD2 − 9Ala/Ala genotype increases the risk for asbestosis indicates that, in addition to asbestos exposure, genetic factors may also have a significant influence on the development of asbestosis.
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Betti M, Neri M, Ferrante D, Landi S, Biava A, Gemignani F, Bertolotti M, Mirabelli D, Padoan M, Ugolini D, Botta M, Bonassi S, Magnani C, Dianzani I. Pooled analysis of NAT2 genotypes as risk factors for asbestos-related malignant mesothelioma. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:322-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The application of epidemiology to cancer prevention is relatively new, although observations of the potential causes of cancer have been reported for more than 2,000 years. Cancer was generally considered incurable until the late 19th century. Only with a refined understanding of the nature of cancer and strategies for cancer treatment could a systematic approach to cancer prevention emerge. The 20th century saw the elucidation of clues to cancer causation from observed associations with population exposures to tobacco, diet, environmental chemicals, and other exogenous factors. With repeated confirmation of such associations, researchers entertained for the first time the possibility that cancer, like many of the infectious diseases of the time, might be prevented. By the mid-20th century, with antibiotics successfully addressing the majority of infectious diseases and high blood pressure treatment beginning to affect the prevalence of heart disease in a favorable direction, the focus of much of epidemiology shifted to cancer. The early emphasis was on exploring, in greater depth, the environmental, dietary, hormonal, and other exogenous exposures for their potential associations with increased cancer risk. The first major breakthrough in identifying a modifiable cancer risk factor was the documentation of an association between tobacco smoking and lung cancer. During the past four decades, epidemiologic studies have generated population data identifying risk factors for cancers at almost every body site, with many cancers having multiple risk factors. The development of technologies to identify biological molecules has facilitated the incorporation of these molecular manifestations of biological variation into epidemiologic studies, as markers of exposure as well as putative surrogate markers of cancer outcome. This technological trend has, during the past two decades, culminated in emphasis on the identification of genetic variants and their products as correlates of cancer risk, in turn, creating opportunities to incorporate the discipline of molecular/genetic epidemiology into the study of cancer prevention. Epidemiology will undoubtedly continue contributing to cancer prevention by using traditional epidemiologic study designs to address broad candidate areas of interest, with molecular/genetic epidemiology investigations honing in on promising areas to identify specific factors that can be modified with the goal of reducing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Greenwald
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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34
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Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and elderly obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 328:33-40. [PMID: 19262996 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests an association between obesity and oxidative stress caused by superoxide production. Since the dismutation of superoxide is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase enzymes, we tested the association between obesity and Ala16Val manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD) polymorphism. We analyzed 815 free-living community subjects (> or =60 years old) grouped into subjects who were either obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) or non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). Additionally, we investigated the possible interaction between the Ala16Val MnSOD gene polymorphism and obesity in the modulation of biochemical and nutritional variables. We found a positive association between MnSOD polymorphism and obesity, since higher VV frequency (28.2%) was observed in the obese group (P = 0.002, odds ratio 1.949, 95% CI: 1.223-3.008). This result was independent of sex, age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. A possible biological explanation of the association described here could be a chronic state of superoxide enzyme imbalance present in VV carriers, which could affect differential metabolic pathways contributing to the obese state.
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Ugolini D, Donatella U, Neri M, Monica N, Canessa PA, Aldo CP, Casilli C, Cristina C, Catrambone G, Giuseppe C, Ivaldi GP, Paolo IG, Lando C, Cecilia L, Marroni P, Paola M, Paganuzzi M, Michela P, Parodi B, Barbara P, Visconti P, Paola V, Puntoni R, Riccardo P, Bonassi S, Stefano B. The CREST biorepository: a tool for molecular epidemiology and translational studies on malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, and other respiratory tract diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 17:3013-9. [PMID: 18990743 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Cancer of RESpiratory Tract (CREST) biorepository was established to investigate biological mechanisms and to develop tools and strategies for primary and secondary prevention of respiratory tract cancer. The CREST biorepository is focused on pleural malignant mesothelioma, a rare and severe cancer linked to asbestos exposure whose incidence is particularly high in the Ligurian region. METHODS The CREST biorepository includes biological specimens from (a) patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, (b) patients with nonneoplastic respiratory conditions, and (c) control subjects. Whole blood, plasma, serum, lymphocytes, pleural fluid, saliva, and biopsies are collected, and a questionnaire is administered. Collection, transportation, and storage are done according to international standards. RESULTS As of January 31, 2008, the overall number of subjects recruited was 1,590 (446 lung cancer, 209 pleural malignant mesothelioma, and 935 controls). The biorepository includes a total of 10,055 aliquots (4,741 serum; 3,082 plasma; 1,599 whole blood; 633 pleural fluid; and 561 lymphocytes) and 107 biopsies. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic information is collected for each subject and processed in a dedicated database. CONCLUSIONS The CREST biorepository is a valuable tool for molecular epidemiology and translational studies. This structure relies on a network of contacts with local health districts that allows for an active search for patients. This is a particularly efficient approach, especially when the object of the study is a rare cancer type. The CREST experience suggests that the presence of limited resources can be overcome by the biorepository specialization, the high quality of the epidemiologic information, and the variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ugolini
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo R. Benzi, 10-16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Gates MA, Tworoger SS, Terry KL, Titus-Ernstoff L, Rosner B, De Vivo I, Cramer DW, Hankinson SE. Talc use, variants of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and NAT2 genes, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:2436-44. [PMID: 18768514 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence suggests a possible association between genital use of talcum powder and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer; however, the biological basis for this association is not clear. We analyzed interactions between talc use and genes in detoxification pathways [glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)] to assess whether the talc/ovarian cancer association is modified by variants of genes potentially involved in the response to talc. Our analysis included 1,175 cases and 1,202 controls from a New England-based case-control study and 210 cases and 600 controls from the prospective Nurses' Health Study. We genotyped participants for the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions and three NAT2 polymorphisms. We used logistic regression to analyze the main effect of talc use, genotype, and gene-talc interactions in each population and pooled the estimates using a random-effects model. Regular talc use was associated with increased ovarian cancer risk in the combined study population (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14-1.63; P(trend) < 0.001). Independent of talc, the genes examined were not clearly associated with risk. However, the talc/ovarian cancer association varied by GSTT1 genotype and combined GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype. In the pooled analysis, the association with talc was stronger among women with the GSTT1-null genotype (P(interaction) = 0.03), particularly in combination with the GSTM1-present genotype (P(interaction) = 0.03). There was no clear evidence of an interaction with GSTM1 alone or NAT2. These results suggest that women with certain genetic variants may have a higher risk of ovarian cancer associated with genital talc use. Additional research is needed on these interactions and the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Gates
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Weiner SJ, Neragi-Miandoab S. Pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma and the role of environmental and genetic factors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:15-27. [PMID: 18787841 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor for which no effective therapy exists despite the discovery of many possible molecular and genetic targets. The late stage of MPM diagnosis and the long latency that exist between some exposures and diagnosis have made it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the role of risk factors and their downstream molecular effects. METHODS This manuscript is a review of current literature about the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. In this overview, current published studies concerning pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma are reviewed, with insights into its etiology and pathogenesis. We searched pubmed using the following subjects: mesothelioma, radiation, genetics, pediatric malignant mesothelioma, SV40 virus, and growth factors. We selected 350 valuable articles of which 152 sources were used to complete this review. CONCLUSION Many risk factors for MPM development have been recognized including environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, viral contamination, and radiation. In this review, we discuss the current molecular and genetic contributors to MPM pathogenesis and the risk factors associated with these carcinogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana J Weiner
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ramos RG, Olden K. Gene-environment interactions in the development of complex disease phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2008; 5:4-11. [PMID: 18441400 PMCID: PMC3684407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about the earliest events in disease development is due to the multi-factorial nature of disease risk. This information gap is the consequence of the lack of appreciation for the fact that most diseases arise from the complex interactions between genes and the environment as a function of the age or stage of development of the individual. Whether an environmental exposure causes illness or not is dependent on the efficiency of the so-called “environmental response machinery” (i.e., the complex of metabolic pathways that can modulate response to environmental perturbations) that one has inherited. Thus, elucidating the causes of most chronic diseases will require an understanding of both the genetic and environmental contribution to their etiology. Unfortunately, the exploration of the relationship between genes and the environment has been hampered in the past by the limited knowledge of the human genome, and by the inclination of scientists to study disease development using experimental models that consider exposure to a single environmental agent. Rarely in the past were interactions between multiple genes or between genes and environmental agents considered in studies of human disease etiology. The most critical issue is how to relate exposure-disease association studies to pathways and mechanisms. To understand how genes and environmental factors interact to perturb biological pathways to cause injury or disease, scientists will need tools with the capacity to monitor the global expression of thousands of genes, proteins and metabolites simultaneously. The generation of such data in multiple species can be used to identify conserved and functionally significant genes and pathways involved in gene-environment interactions. Ultimately, it is this knowledge that will be used to guide agencies such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in decisions regarding biomedical research funding and policy.
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Rajaraman P, Hutchinson A, Rothman N, Black PM, Fine HA, Loeffler JS, Selker RG, Shapiro WR, Linet MS, Inskip PD. Oxidative response gene polymorphisms and risk of adult brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:709-15. [PMID: 18682580 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in tumor formation. Although this mechanism could be especially pertinent for brain tumors given the high oxygen consumption of the brain, very little has been published regarding brain tumor risk with respect to genes mediating oxidative stress. Using data from non-Hispanic whites in a hospital-based case-control study conducted by the National Cancer Institute between 1994 and 1998, we evaluated risk of glioma (n=362), meningioma (n=134), and acoustic neuroma (n=69) compared to noncancer controls (n=494) with respect to nine single nucleotide polymorphisms from seven genes involved in oxidative stress response (CAT, GPX1, NOS3, PON1, SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3). We observed increased risk of glioma (odds ratio [OR](CT/CC)=1.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0-1.7) and meningioma (OR(CT/CC)=1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7) with the C variant of SOD3 rs699473. There was also indication of increased acoustic neuroma risk with the SOD2 rs4880 Ala variant (OR(CT/CC)=2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2) and decreased acoustic neuroma risk with the CAT rs1001179 T allele variant (OR(CT/TT)=0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0). These relationships persisted when major groups of disease controls were excluded from the analysis. Our results suggest that common variants in the SOD2, SOD3, and CAT genes may influence brain tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7238, USA.
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Weiner SJ, Neragi-Miandoab S. Pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma and the role of environmental and genetic factors. J Carcinog 2008; 7:3. [PMID: 18662397 PMCID: PMC2507706 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive tumor for which no effective therapy exists despite the discovery of many possible molecular and genetic targets. Many risk factors for MPM development have been recognized including environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, viral contamination, and radiation. However, the late stage of MPM diagnosis and the long latency that exists between some exposures and diagnosis have made it difficult to comprehensively evaluate the role of risk factors and their downstream molecular effects. In this review, we discuss the current molecular and genetic contributors in MPM pathogenesis and the risk factors associated with these carcinogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana J Weiner
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Siyamek Neragi-Miandoab
- University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue LKS Building 7th floor, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ugolini D, Neri M, Ceppi M, Cesario A, Dianzani I, Filiberti R, Gemignani F, Landi S, Magnani C, Mutti L, Puntoni R, Bonassi S. Genetic susceptibility to malignant mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos: the influence of the familial factor. Mutat Res 2007; 658:162-71. [PMID: 17904414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos is the principal etiological factor of malignant mesothelioma (MM), accounting for more than 80% of all tumor cases. However, other co-factors, including genetic susceptibility may play a role in the etiology of this disease, possibly modulating the effects of exposure to asbestos and other carcinogenic mineral fibers. The frequent report of familial clustering was the first indication supporting the involvement of genetic factors. Therefore, we performed an extensive literature search to evaluate existing studies reporting familial cases of MM. METHODS Published reports addressing the issue of familial susceptibility to MM have been searched through PubMed using keywords and free text tools. Eighty-two citations were retrieved and 20 of them actually reported a familial cluster of MM. Three more articles were identified through the references. The probability that the observed familial clusters of mesothelioma could have randomly occurred in exposed families was evaluated with the Family History Score Zi (FHSi). RESULTS The result of this analysis suggested that clustering of MM cases in families exposed to asbestos may be explained with the additional contribution of other familial factors. The FHSi allowed to reject the hypothesis of random occurrence of these clusters with a probability of a first type error ranging between 1 per cent and 1 per billion. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the published materials supports the hypothesis that - although familial clustering of MM is largely attributable to shared asbestos exposure - the additional contribution of factors dealing with genetic susceptibility may play a role in the etiology of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ugolini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is becoming a critical component in the comprehensive approach to cancer patients because it influences morbidity, mortality and quality of life. Consequently, pathogenic mechanisms have been elucidated to facilitate development of better therapies. Reported findings indicate that increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes contribute to development of anorexia and cachexia in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Systemic inflammation impairs tryptophan handling, promoting oxidative stress, which appears to mimic hypothalamic negative feedback signalling. Thus, tryptophan contributes to cancer anorexia by stimulating hypothalamic serotonergic activity and promoting oxidative stress, because neuroinflammation facilitates tryptophan degradation into free radical generators via the kynurenine pathway. Upregulation of protein degradation by increased oxidative stress has been documented in cancer. Also, hypothalamic, cytokine-mediated suppression of fatty acid oxidation reduces food intake, and triggers mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle, thus potentially increasing oxidative stress. SUMMARY Increased oxidative stress contributes to cancer anorexia and cachexia. Preliminary clinical data on the efficacy of antioxidant therapy in cancer patients are encouraging, but uncertainty persists regarding the optimal dose and timing of administration. Also, better biological/genetic characterization of those cancer patients who are more likely to obtain significant clinical benefits appears necessary.
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