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Broccia G, Carter J, Ozsin-Ozler C, De Matteis S, Cocco P. Epidemiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Sardinia, Italy (1974-2003). Exp Hematol 2023; 125-126:37-44. [PMID: 37567460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have described a worldwide increasing incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) dating back seven to eight decades. Although genetic susceptibility would be an implausible explanation, the determinants of this upward trend and its spatial coordinates are poorly understood. We explored CLL incidence in Sardinia, Italy, using a validated database including the 1700 CLL cases diagnosed during 1974-2003. We applied Bayesian methods to map the CLL probability by administrative unit and Poisson regression analysis to investigate socioeconomic and environmental determinants adjusting by possible confounders. The standardized (Standard European population) incidence rate for the Sardinian population over the study period was 5.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-5.3), increased annually by 5.8% (95% CI 5.7-6.0) consistently by sex and age, and was more noticeable in urban areas. Five administrative units exceeded the 95% posterior probability of an elevated CLL incidence: these were rural areas spread over the regional territory, not suggestive of spatial clustering. The Poisson regression analysis showed that the risk was elevated in urban areas (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.17), among residents ≥ 30 km from the nearest hospital (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.12), and with the local prevalence of cork harvesting (RR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.12-2.34). Our results suggest that better access to health care facilities and improvements in diagnostic efficacy might have generated the observed upward trend in CLL incidence, along with contributing environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Broccia
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplants, Hospital A. Businco, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | | | - Cansu Ozsin-Ozler
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Public Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Francisco LFV, da Silva RN, Oliveira MA, Dos Santos Neto MF, Gonçalves IZ, Marques MMC, Silveira HCS. Occupational Exposures and Risks of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092600. [PMID: 37174074 PMCID: PMC10177442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group with different types of diseases. It remains unclear as to what has led to an increase in incidences of NHL, however, chemical substance exposure is known to be one of the risk factors for the disease. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional observational epidemiological studies to verify the association between occupational exposure to carcinogens and NHL risk. Articles between the years 2000 and 2020 were collected. Two different reviewers performed a blind selection of the studies using the Rayyan QCRI web app. Post-completion, the selected articles were extracted and analyzed via the RedCap platform. Our review resulted in 2719 articles, of which 51 were included in the meta-analysis, resulting in an overall OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55). Furthermore, it was observed that the main occupation associated with the increased risk of NHL was that in which workers are exposed to pesticides. We therefore conclude that the evidence synthesis of the epidemiological literature supports an increased risk for NHL, regardless of subtype, considering occupational exposure to certain chemical compounds, mainly pesticides, benzene, and trichlorethylene, and certain classes of work, primarily in the field of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogério Nunes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78008-000, MT, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia M C Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique C S Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78008-000, MT, Brazil
- Campus São Paulo, University of Anhanguera, São Paulo 04119-901, SP, Brazil
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Satta G, Loi M, Becker N, Benavente Y, De Sanjose S, Foretova L, Staines A, Maynadie M, Nieters A, Meloni F, Pilia I, Campagna M, Pau M, Zablotska LB, Cocco P. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results of the Epilymph European case-control study. Environ Health 2020; 19:43. [PMID: 32334593 PMCID: PMC7183712 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking risk of lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma subtypes to ionizing radiation is inconclusive, particularly at low exposure levels. METHODS We investigated risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), B-cell lymphomas, and its major subtypes, associated with low-level occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, in 2346 lymphoma cases and 2463 controls, who participated in the multicenter EpiLymph case-control study. We developed a job-exposure matrix to estimate exposure to ionizing radiation, distinguishing between internal and external radiation, and we applied it to the lifetime occupational history of study subjects, We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for lymphoma (all subtypes combined), B-cell lymphoma, and its major subtypes using unconditional, polytomous logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, and education. RESULTS We did not observe an association between exposure metrics of external and internal radiation and risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), nor with B-cell lymphoma, or its major subtypes, at the levels regularly experienced in occupational settings. An elevated risk of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was observed among the most likely exposed study subjects with relatively higher exposure intensity, which would be worth further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is warranted on risk of B cell lymphoma subtypes associated with low-level occupational exposure to external ionizing radiation, and to clarify whether lymphoma should be included among the cancer outcomes related to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Satta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Matteo Loi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Ilaria Pilia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Marco Pau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554, km 4.500, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
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Cocco P, Agius R. The preventable burden of work-related ill-health. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 68:327-331. [PMID: 29660035 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fraction of ill-health overall attributable to occupational conditions has not been extensively evaluated, thus contributing to the perception of a lesser relevance of education and research in occupational health in respect to other fields of medical research and practice. Aims To assess the relevance of work-related conditions on the aetiology of human ill-health in different health domains. Methods We extracted the risk estimates associated with heritability and with occupational risk factors for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), major depressive disorder (MDD) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) from 13 published international reports. The selection criteria for the eligible studies were: genome-wide studies, or studies of the occupational risk factors associated with one of the three diseases of interest. We calculated and compared the respective population attributable fraction for the combined occupational risk factors, and for heritability. Results We estimated that occupational risk factors would account for 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4-19) of CLL, 11% (95% CI 7-15) of MDD and 10% (95% CI 2-13) of LQTS burden in the general population. The corresponding figures for heritability would be 16% (95% CI 11-22), 28% (95% CI 20-5) and 17% (95% CI 7-27). Conclusions More efforts in capacity building and research in occupational health are warranted aiming to prevent ill-health and to preserve a productive life for the ageing work population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Rieutort D, Moyne O, Cocco P, de Gaudemaris R, Bicout DJ. Ranking occupational contexts associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:561-74. [PMID: 27214653 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remain unknown, but certain occupational contexts (OCs) have been implicated. The objective of this study was to inventory, from the accumulated knowledge, associations between OCs and NHL risk. METHODS Literature was used to identify the NHL-associated OCs. For each context, items were ranked both by scientific interest and the association strength. RESULTS Three ranked lists of OCs related to NHL were constructed. We found that NHL was associated with 31 occupational activities, 91 occupational exposures, and 35 occupational activity-exposure combinations. Among them, 5 activities, 2 exposures, and 3 combinations, involving agricultural or industrial sector and solvents or pesticides, were highlighted with the highest publications number and the strongest association with NHL risk. CONCLUSION These results could be useful in both providing a ranked inventory of OCs associated with NHL risk and highlighting "hot" occupational activities and exposures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:561-574, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Rieutort
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
| | - Oriane Moyne
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Régis de Gaudemaris
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
- Occupational and Environmental Diseases Centre; Grenoble Teaching Hospital (CHU Grenoble); Grenoble France
| | - Dominique J. Bicout
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team-Environment and Health Prediction of Populations); Grenoble France
- Biomathematics and Epidemiology EPSP-TIMC, VetAgro Sup; Veterinary Campus of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
- Laue-Langevin Institute; Theory Group; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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Food of animal origin and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: A review of the literature and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
Leukemia is a complex disease, which only became better understood during the last decades following the development of new laboratory techniques and diagnostic methods. Despite our improved understanding of the physiology of the disease, little is yet known about the causes of leukemia. A variety of potential risk factors have been suggested so far, including personal habits and lifestyle, and a wide range of occupational or environmental exposures. A causal association with leukemia has only been documented to date for ionizing radiation, benzene and treatment with cytostatic drugs, but there is an ongoing scientific debate on the possible association of leukemia with a number of other work-related hazards. In this article, we have reviewed scientific studies, published over the past 5 years, which investigated potential associations between leukemia and exposure to occupational risk factors. The systematic literature review took place via electronic databases, using specific search criteria, and independent reviewers have further filtered the search results to identify the number of articles, presented in our paper. A large number of studies included in the review referred to the effects of ionizing radiation, where new data suggest that the effects of exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation should probably be reevaluated. Some other works appear to substantiate a potential association of the disease with certain pesticides. Further research is also suggested regarding the role of infectious agents or exposure to certain chemicals like formaldehyde or butadiene in the pathogenesis of leukemia.
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Saberi Hosnijeh F, Christopher Y, Peeters P, Romieu I, Xun W, Riboli E, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjønneland A, Becker N, Nieters A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Orfanos P, Oddone E, Luján-Barroso L, Dorronsoro M, Navarro C, Barricarte A, Molina-Montes E, Wareham N, Vineis P, Vermeulen R. Occupation and risk of lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Occup Environ Med 2013; 70:464-70. [PMID: 23576671 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Established risk factors for leukaemia do not explain the majority of leukaemia cases. Previous studies have suggested the importance of occupation and related exposures in leukaemogenesis. We evaluated possible associations between job title and selected hazardous agents and leukaemia in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS The mean follow-up time for 241 465 subjects was 11.20 years (SD 2.42 years). During the follow-up period, 477 incident cases of myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia occurred. Data on 52 occupations considered a priori to be at high risk of developing cancer were collected through standardised questionnaires. Occupational exposures were estimated by linking the reported occupations to a job exposure matrix. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the association between occupation and related exposures and risk of leukaemia. RESULTS The risk of lymphoid leukaemia significantly increased for working in chemical laboratories (HR 8.35, 95% CI 1.58 to 44.24), while the risk of myeloid leukaemia increased for working in the shoe or other leather goods industry (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.06). Exposure-specific analyses showed a non-significant increased risk of myeloid leukaemias for exposure to benzene (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.40; HR=1.60, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.69 for the low and high exposure categories, respectively). This association was present both for acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia at high exposure levels. However, numbers were too small to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a possible role of occupational exposures in the development of both lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia. Exposure to benzene seemed to be associated with both acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Perrotta C, Staines A, Codd M, Kleefeld S, Crowley D, T' Mannetje A, Becker N, Brennan P, De Sanjosé S, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Boffetta P, Cocco P. Multiple Myeloma and lifetime occupation: results from the EPILYMPH study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2012; 7:25. [PMID: 23241100 PMCID: PMC3557218 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The EPILYMPH study applied a detailed occupational exposure assessment approach to a large multi-centre case–control study conducted in six European countries. This paper analysed multiple myeloma (MM) risk associated with level of education, and lifetime occupational history and occupational exposures, based on the EPILYMPH data set. Methods 277 MM cases and four matched controls per each case were included. Controls were randomly selected, matching for age (+/− 5 years), centre and gender. Lifetime occupations and lifetime exposure to specific workplace agents was obtained through a detailed questionnaire. Local industrial hygienists assessed likelihood and intensity for specific exposures. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were calculated for level of education, individual occupations and specific exposures. Unconditional logistic regression models were run for individual occupations and exposures. Results A low level of education was associated with MM OR=1.68 (95% CI 1.02-2.76). An increased risk was observed for general farmers (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.05-2.99) and cleaning workers (OR=1.69; 95% CI 1.04-2.72) adjusting for level of education. Risk was also elevated, although not significant, for printers (OR=2.06; 95% CI 0.97-4.34). Pesticide exposure over a period of ten years or more increased MM risk (OR=1.62; 95% CI 1.01-2.58). Conclusion These results confirm an association of MM with farm work, and indicate its association with printing and cleaning. While prolonged exposure to pesticides seems to be a risk factor for MM, an excess risk associated with exposure to organic solvents could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Perrotta
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cocco P, Satta G, D'Andrea I, Nonne T, Udas G, Zucca M, Mannetje A', Becker N, Sanjosé SD, Foretova L, Staines A, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Brennan P, Ennas MG, Boffetta P. Lymphoma risk in livestock farmers: results of the Epilymph study. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2613-8. [PMID: 23065666 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We explored the risk of lymphoma and its most prevalent subtypes associated with occupational contact with livestock, and whether risk was modified by age at first contact, in 2,348 incident lymphoma cases and 2,462 controls who participated in the EPILYMPH case-control study. A detailed occupational history was collected in cases and controls, including working in a livestock farm, species of livestock, its approximate number and circumstances of contact. For each disease outcome, and each type of livestock, odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, education and center. Lymphoma risk (all subtypes combined) was not increased amongst those exposed to contact with any livestock (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). Overall, we did not observe an association between occupational contact with livestock and risk of lymphoma (all types) and B-cell lymphoma. The risk of diffuse large B cell lyphoma (DLBCL) was significantly lower amongst subjects who started occupational contact with any species of livestock before or at age 12 (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), but not at older ages. A significant heterogeneity in risk of B cell lymphoma by age at first contact was detected for contact with cattle, poultry and swine. Early occupational contact with livestock might be associated with a decrease in risk of B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Current understanding of lifestyle and environmental factors and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: an epidemiological update. J Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 2012:978930. [PMID: 23008714 PMCID: PMC3447374 DOI: 10.1155/2012/978930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have steadily increased over the last several decades in the United States, and the temporal trends in incidence can only be partially explained by the HIV epidemic. In 1992, an international workshop sponsored by the United States National Cancer Institute concluded that there was an “emerging epidemic” of NHL and emphasized the need to investigate the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of this disease. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for NHL, particularly for putative environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and international consortia have been established in order to investigate rare exposures and NHL subtype-specific associations. While few consistent risk factors for NHL aside from immunosuppression and certain infectious agents have emerged, suggestive associations with several lifestyle and environmental factors have been reported in epidemiologic studies. Further, increasing evidence has suggested that the effects of these and other exposures may be limited to or stronger for particular NHL subtypes. This paper examines the progress that has been made over the last twenty years in elucidating the etiology of NHL, with a primary emphasis on lifestyle factors and environmental exposures.
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Daniel CR, Sinha R, Park Y, Graubard BI, Hollenbeck AR, Morton LM, Cross AJ. Meat intake is not associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a large prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. J Nutr 2012; 142:1074-80. [PMID: 22535761 PMCID: PMC3349978 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.158113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat intake has been inconsistently associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a heterogeneous group of malignancies of the lymphoid tissue etiologically linked to immunomodulatory factors. In a large U.S. cohort, we prospectively investigated several biologically plausible mechanisms related to meat intake, including meat-cooking and meat-processing compounds, in relation to NHL risk by histologic subtype. At baseline (1995-1996), participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study completed a diet and lifestyle questionnaire (n = 492,186), and a subcohort (n = 302,162) also completed a questionnaire on meat-cooking methods and doneness levels. Over a mean of 9 y of follow-up, we identified 3611 incident cases of NHL. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we found no association between intake of red meat, processed meat, fish, poultry, heme iron, nitrite, nitrate, animal fat, or protein and NHL risk. MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) and DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), heterocyclic amines formed in meats cooked to well done at high temperatures, were inversely associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma [n = 979; HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake: 0.73 (0.55, 0.96) and 0.77 (0.61, 0.98), respectively]. In this large U.S. cohort, meat intake was not associated with NHL or any histologic subtypes of NHL. Contrary to findings in animal models and other cancer sites, meat-cooking and -processing compounds did not increase NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R. Daniel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Dolcetti R, Serraino D, Dognini G, Govi S, Crocchiolo R, Ghia P, Pasini E, Ponzoni M, Talamini R, De Paoli P, Doglioni C, Ferreri AJM. Exposure to animals and increased risk of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the ocular adnexae. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:966-9. [PMID: 22274411 PMCID: PMC3305971 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (OAMZL) has been associated with Chlamydophila psittaci, an infection that may be transmitted by carrier animals. However, it is still unclear whether exposure to animals affects the risk of OAMZL in comparison with other lymphoma histotypes. We therefore investigated the role of professional and/or domestic exposures to animals in the occurrence of OAMZL, as compared with other types of lymphoma. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 43 consecutive OAMZL patients (cases) and 87 consecutive patients with nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs; controls). Multiple logistic regression (MLR) odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between exposures to animals and OAMZL risk. RESULTS A higher proportion of cases reported a lifetime exposure to household animals (79.1% vs 64.4% among controls), with a non-statistical significant MLR-OR of 2.18 (95% CI: 0.85-5.62). The OAMZL cases more frequently reported a history of occupation in breeding and/or slaughtering than controls (34.9% vs 6.9%), with an overall increased risk of 7.69 (95%CI: 2.65-22.34). CONCLUSION These results indicate that, compared with nodal NHLs, the risk of OAMZL is markedly increased by contact with animals, particularly by occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dolcetti
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
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zur Hausen H. Red meat consumption and cancer: reasons to suspect involvement of bovine infectious factors in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:2475-83. [PMID: 22212999 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increased risk for colorectal cancer has been consistently reported for long-time consumption of cooked and processed red meat. This has frequently been attributed to chemical carcinogens arising during the cooking process of meat. Long-time fish or poultry consumption apparently does not increase the risk, although similar or higher concentrations of chemical carcinogens were recorded in their preparation for consumption. The geographic epidemiology of colorectal cancer seems to correspond to regions with a high rate of beef consumption. Countries with a virtual absence of beef in the diet (India) or where preferably lamb or goat meat is consumed (several Arabic countries) reveal low rates of colorectal cancer. In China, pork consumption has a long tradition, with an intermediate colorectal cancer rate. In Japan and Korea, large scale beef and pork imports started after World War II or after the Korean War. A steep rise in colorectal cancer incidence was noted after 1970 in Japan and 1990 in Korea. The consumption of undercooked beef (e.g., shabu-shabu, Korean yukhoe and Japanese yukke) became very popular in both countries. The available data are compatible with the interpretation that a specific beef factor, suspected to be one or more thermoresistant potentially oncogenic bovine viruses (e.g., polyoma-, papilloma- or possibly single-stranded DNA viruses) may contaminate beef preparations and lead to latent infections in the colorectal tract. Preceding, concomitant or subsequent exposure to chemical carcinogens arising during cooking procedures should result in increased risk for colorectal cancer synergistic with these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald zur Hausen
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Rohrmann S, Linseisen J, Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Tjonneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kaaks R, Becker N, Bergmann M, Boeing H, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Key TJ, Travis R, Benetou V, Naska A, Trichopoulou A, Pala V, Tumino R, Masala G, Mattiello A, Brustad M, Lund E, Skeie G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PHM, Vermeulen RCH, Jakszyn P, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Tormo MJ, Molina E, Argüelles M, Melin B, Ericson U, Manjer J, Rinaldi S, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Vergnaud AC, Khan A, Norat T, Vineis P. Consumption of meat and dairy and lymphoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:623-34. [PMID: 20473877 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of meat and other foods of animal origin is a risk factor for several types of cancer, but the results for lymphomas are inconclusive. Therefore, we examined these associations among 411,097 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 1,334 lymphomas (1,267 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 67 Hodgkin lymphomas) were identified. Consumption of red and processed meat, poultry, milk and dairy products was assessed by dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the association of the consumption of these food groups with lymphoma risk. Overall, the consumption of foods of animal origin was not associated with an increased risk of NHLS or HL, but the associations with specific subgroups of NHL entities were noted. A high intake of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) [relative risk (RR) per 50 g intake = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.63], but a decreased risk of follicular lymphomas (FL) (RR = 0.58; CI 0.38-0.89). A high intake of poultry was related to an increased risk of B-cell lymphomas (RR = 1.22; CI 1.05-1.42 per 10 g intake), FL (RR = 1.65; CI 1.18-2.32) and BCLL (RR = 1.54; CI 1.18-2.01) in the continuous models. In conclusion, no consistent associations between red and processed meat consumption and lymphoma risk were observed, but we found that the consumption of poultry was related to an increased risk of B-cell lymphomas. Chance is a plausible explanation of the observed associations, which need to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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zur Hausen H. Childhood leukemias and other hematopoietic malignancies: Interdependence between an infectious event and chromosomal modifications. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1764-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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