1
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Sun X, Kou B. Biocompatibility and potential anticancer activity of gadolinium oxide (Gd 2O 3) nanoparticles against nasal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 39107760 PMCID: PMC11304937 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy as a cornerstone of cancer treatment is slowly being edged aside owing to its severe side effects and systemic toxicity. In this case, nanomedicine has emerged as an effective tool to address these drawbacks. Herein, a biocompatible carrier based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Gd2O3@BSA) was fabricated for curcumin (CUR) delivery and its physicochemical features along with its potential anticancer activity against nasal squamous cell carcinoma were also investigated. It was found that the fabricated Gd2O3@BSA containing CUR (Gd2O3@BSA-CUR) had spherical morphology with hydrodynamic size of nearly 26 nm, zeta-potential of -36 mV and high drug (CUR) loading capacity. Drug release profile disclosed that the release of CUR from the prepared Gd2O3@BSA-CUR nanoparticles occurred in a sustained- and pH-dependent manner. Also, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the fabricated Gd2O3@BSA nanoparticles possessed excellent biosafety toward HFF2 normal cells, while Gd2O3@BSA-CUR appeared to display the greatest anticancer potential against RPMI 2650 and CNE-1 cancer cell lines. The results also show that the Gd2O3@BSA nanoparticles were compatible with the blood cells with minor hemolytic effect (< 3%). The manufactured NPs were found to be completely safe for biological applications in an in vivo subacute toxicity study. Taken together, these finding substantiate the potential anticancer activity of Gd2O3@BSA-CUR nanoparticles against nasal squamous cell carcinoma, but the results obtained demand further studies to assess their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Kou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Ma L, Wang TM, He YQ, Liao Y, Yan X, Yang DW, Wang RH, Li FJ, Jia WH, Feng L. Multiplex assays reveal anti-EBV antibody profile and its implication in detection and diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38894502 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in nearly 100% of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-based biomarkers are used for NPC screening in endemic regions. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA), and recently identified anti-BNLF2b antibodies have been shown to be the most effective screening tool; however, the screening efficacy still needs to be improved. This study developed a multiplex serological assay by testing IgA and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against representative EBV antigens that are highly transcribed in NPC and/or function crucially in viral reactivation, including BALFs, BNLF2a/b, LF1, LF2, and Zta (BZLF1). Among them, BNLF2b-IgG had the best performance distinguishing NPC patients from controls (area under the curve: 0.951, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.913-0.990). Antibodies to lytic antigens BALF2 and VCA were significantly higher in advanced-stage than in early-stage tumors; in contrast, antibodies to latent protein EBNA1 and early lytic antigen BNLF2b were not correlated with tumor progression. Accordingly, a novel strategy combining EBNA1-IgA and BNLF2b-IgG was proposed and validated improving the integrated discrimination by 15.8% (95% CI: 9.8%-21.7%, p < .0001) compared with the two-antibody method. Furthermore, we found EBV antibody profile in patients was more complicated compared with that in healthy carriers, in which stronger correlations between antibodies against different phases of antigens were observed. Overall, our serological assay indicated that aberrant latent infection of EBV in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells was probably a key step in NPC initiation, while more lytic protein expression might be involved in NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa-Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, Department of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Makowska A, Kontny U, Weiskirchen R. HeLa cells cross-contaminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines: Still a common problem. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1885-1886. [PMID: 38664578 PMCID: PMC11182765 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Shen H, Zhang C, Li S, Liang Y, Lee LT, Aggarwal N, Wun KS, Liu J, Nadarajan SP, Weng C, Ling H, Tay JK, Wang DY, Yao SQ, Hwang IY, Lee YS, Chang MW. Prodrug-conjugated tumor-seeking commensals for targeted cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4343. [PMID: 38773197 PMCID: PMC11109227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs have been explored as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy; however, their target specificity remains limited. The tumor microenvironment harbors a range of microorganisms that potentially serve as tumor-targeting vectors for delivering prodrugs. In this study, we harness bacteria-cancer interactions native to the tumor microbiome to achieve high target specificity for prodrug delivery. We identify an oral commensal strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with an intrinsic cancer-binding mechanism and engineer the strain to enable the surface loading of anticancer prodrugs, with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as a model cancer. The engineered commensals show specific binding to NPC via OppA-mediated recognition of surface heparan sulfate, and the loaded prodrugs are activated by tumor-associated biosignals to release SN-38, a chemotherapy compound, near NPC. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the prodrug-loaded microbes significantly increase the potency of SN-38 against NPC cell lines, up to 10-fold. In a mouse xenograft model, intravenous injection of the engineered L. plantarum leads to bacterial colonization in NPC tumors and a 67% inhibition in tumor growth, enhancing the efficacy of SN-38 by 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyu Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Li
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ting Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Soon Wun
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Prabhu Nadarajan
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Wilmar International Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K Tay
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Shen Y, Zhou R, Bi L, Huang G, Yang M, Li Z, Yao J, Xian J, Qiu Y, Ye P, Liu Y, Hou Y, Jin H, Wang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn for PET Imaging of Transferrin Receptor 1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17423-17431. [PMID: 38645324 PMCID: PMC11024937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
As recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cause of death among patients with NPC, there is an urgent clinical need for the development of precision diagnosis to guide personalized treatment. Recent emerging evidence substantiates the increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (also known as cluster of differentiation 71, CD71) within tumor tissues and the inherent targeting capability of natural heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) toward CD71. This study aimed to synthesize and assess a radiotracer ([64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn) designed to target CD71 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in an NPC tumor-bearing mouse model. The entire radiolabeling process of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn was completed within 15 min with high yield (>98.5%) and high molar activity (72.96 ± 21.33 GBq/μmol). The in vitro solubility and stability experiments indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a high water solubility (log P = -2.42 ± 0.52, n = 6) and good stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for up to 48 h. The cell saturation binding assay indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a nanomolar affinity (Kd = 10.9 ± 6.1 nM) for CD71-overexpressing C666-1 cells. To test the target engagement in vivo, prolonged-time PET imaging was performed at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h postinjection (p.i.) of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn to C666-1 NPC tumor-bearing mice. The C666-1 tumors could be visualized by [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn and blocked by nonradiolabeled HFn. PET imaging quantitative analysis demonstrated that the uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn in C666-1 tumors peaked at 6 h p.i. and the best radioactive tumor-to-muscle ratio was 10.53 ± 3.11 (n = 3). Ex vivo biodistribution assay at 6 h p.i. showed that the tumor uptakes were 1.43 ± 0.23%ID/g in the nonblock group and 0.92 ± 0.2%ID/g in the block group (n = 3, p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed positive expression of CD71 and the uptake of HFn in C666-1 tumor tissues. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn possesses a very high target engagement for CD71-positive NPC tumors and provided a fundamental basis for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Shen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Renwei Zhou
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guolong Huang
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jijin Yao
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jianzhong Xian
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Peizhen Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yongshan Liu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuyi Hou
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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6
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Makowska A, Weiskirchen R. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines: Reliable Alternatives to Primary Nasopharyngeal Cells? Cells 2024; 13:559. [PMID: 38606998 PMCID: PMC11011377 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of cancer that originates from the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx and can invade and spread. Although contemporary chemoradiotherapy effectively manages the disease locally, there are still challenges with locoregional recurrence and distant failure. Therefore, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of NPC cell movement in order to develop a more effective treatment and to improve patient survival rates. Cancer cell line models are invaluable in studying health and disease and it is not surprising that they play a critical role in NPC research. Consequently, scientists have established around 80 immortalized human NPC lines that are commonly used as in vitro models. However, over the years, it has been observed that many cell lines are misidentified or contaminated by other cells. This cross-contamination leads to the creation of false cell lines that no longer match the original donor. In this commentary, we discuss the impact of misidentified NPC cell lines on the scientific literature. We found 1159 articles from 2000 to 2023 that used NPC cell lines contaminated with HeLa cells. Alarmingly, the number of publications and citations using these contaminated cell lines continued to increase, even after information about the contamination was officially published. These articles were most commonly published in the fields of oncology, pharmacology, and experimental medicine research. These findings highlight the importance of science policy and support the need for journals to require authentication testing before publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Chai AWY, Yee SM, Lee HM, Abdul Aziz N, Yee PS, Marzuki M, Wong KW, Chiang AK, Chow LKY, Dai W, Liu TF, Tan LP, Khoo ASB, Lo KW, Lim PV, Rajadurai P, Lightfoot H, Barthorpe S, Garnett MJ, Cheong SC. Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus-positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:645-659. [PMID: 38358347 PMCID: PMC10911800 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a cancer that is etiologically associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is endemic in Southern China and Southeast Asia. The scarcity of representative NPC cell lines owing to the frequent loss of EBV episomes following prolonged propagation and compromised authenticity of previous models underscores the critical need for new EBV-positive NPC models. Herein, we describe the establishment of a new EBV-positive NPC cell line, designated NPC268 from a primary non-keratinizing, differentiated NPC tissue. NPC268 can undergo productive lytic reactivation of EBV and is highly tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. Whole-genome sequencing revealed close similarities with the tissue of origin, including large chromosomal rearrangements, while whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing demonstrated a hypomethylated genome and enrichment in immune-related pathways, respectively. Drug screening of NPC268 together with six other NPC cell lines using 339 compounds, representing the largest high-throughput drug testing in NPC, revealed biomarkers associated with specific drug classes. NPC268 represents the first and only available EBV-positive non-keratinizing differentiated NPC model, and extensive genomic, methylomic, transcriptomic, and drug response data should facilitate research in EBV and NPC, where current models are limited. SIGNIFICANCE NPC268 is the first and only EBV-positive cell line derived from a primary non-keratinizing, differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an understudied but important subtype in Southeast Asian countries. This model adds to the limited number of authentic EBV-positive lines globally that will facilitate mechanistic studies and drug development for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi Mun Yee
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Hui Mei Lee
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdul Aziz
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Yee
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Marini Marzuki
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Ka Wo Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Alan K.S. Chiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Teng Fei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ping Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation and School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | | | - Pathmanathan Rajadurai
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Syd Barthorpe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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8
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Cao F, Sun H, Yang Z, Bai Y, Hu X, Hou Y, Bian X, Liu Y. Multiple approaches revealed MGc80-3 as a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a gastric cancer cell line. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:155-168. [PMID: 37543987 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The short-tandem-repeats (STR) profiles of MGc80-3 and HeLa partially overlap, raising suspicion of contamination in the MGc80-3 cell line. However, there has not been any relevant study demonstrating whether MGc80-3 was fully replaced by HeLa cells, just mixed with HeLa cells (co-existing), or was a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells. In addition to STR profiling, various approaches, including single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping, polymerase chain reaction, screening for human papillomaviruses type 18 (HPV-18) fragment, chromosome karyotyping, pathological examination of xenografts, tissue-specific-90-gene expression signature and high-throughput RNA sequencing were used to determine the nature of MGc80-3. Our study found that the abnormal STR profile, partially overlapping with that of HeLa cells (64.62% to 71.64%), could not verify MGc80-3 as a HeLa cell line. However, the STR 13.3 repeat allele in the D13S317 locus that seemed to be unique to HeLa cells was detected in MGc80-3. Almost all the MGc80-3 cells exhibited HPV-18 fragments in the genome as well as certain HeLa marker chromosomes, such as M7 and M12. The molecular assay of the 90-gene expression signature still considered MGc80-3 as a stomach cancer using an algorithmic analysis. The expression pattern of multiple genes in MGc80-3 was quite different from that in HeLa cells, which showed that certain characteristics belonged to gastric cancer cell lines. High throughput RNA sequencing showed the distinct patterns of gene expression in MGc80-3. In conclusion, MGc80-3 cell line is a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a pure gastric cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Yang
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Bian
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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De La Cruz-Herrera CF, Tatham MH, Siddiqi UZ, Shire K, Marcon E, Greenblatt JF, Hay RT, Frappier L. Changes in SUMO-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus infection identifies reciprocal regulation of TRIM24/28/33 complexes and the lytic switch BZLF1. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011477. [PMID: 37410772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMO modifications regulate the function of many proteins and are important in controlling herpesvirus infections. We performed a site-specific proteomic analysis of SUMO1- and SUMO2-modified proteins in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent and lytic infection to identify proteins that change in SUMO modification status in response to EBV reactivation. Major changes were identified in all three components of the TRIM24/TRIM28/TRIM33 complex, with TRIM24 being rapidly degraded and TRIM33 being phosphorylated and SUMOylated in response to EBV lytic infection. Further experiments revealed TRIM24 and TRIM33 repress expression of the EBV BZLF1 lytic switch gene, suppressing EBV reactivation. However, BZLF1 was shown to interact with TRIM24 and TRIM33, resulting in disruption of TRIM24/TRIM28/TRIM33 complexes, degradation of TRIM24 and modification followed by degradation of TRIM33. Therefore, we have identified TRIM24 and TRIM33 as cellular antiviral defence factors against EBV lytic infection and established the mechanism by which BZLF1 disables this defence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H Tatham
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Umama Z Siddiqi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathy Shire
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack F Greenblatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lori Frappier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Abd Talib FNA, Marzuki M, Hoe SLL. Analysis of NK-92 cytotoxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts using impedance-based growth method. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17480. [PMID: 37415945 PMCID: PMC10320316 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that can remove viral-infected tumour cells without antigen priming. This characteristic offers NK cells an edge over other immune cells as a potential therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we report how cytotoxicity was evaluated in target NPC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells with effector NK-92, a commercially available NK cell line, by using xCELLigence RTCA system (a real-time, label-free impedance-based monitoring platform). Cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity were examined by RTCA. Cell morphology, growth and cytotoxicity were also monitored by microscopy. RTCA and microscopy showed that both target and effector cells were able to proliferate normally and to maintain original morphology in co-culture medium as they were in their own respective culture medium. As target and effector (T:E) cell ratios increased, cell viability as measured by arbitrary cell index (CI) values in RTCA decreased in all cell lines and PDX cells. NPC PDX cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxicity effect of NK-92 cells, than the NPC cell lines. These data were substantiated by GFP-based microscopy. We have shown how the RTCA system can be used for a high throughput screening of the effects of NK cells in cancer studies to obtain data such as cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity.
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11
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Rani AQ, Nurmemet D, Liffick J, Khan A, Mitchell D, Li J, Zhao B, Liu X. Conditional Cell Reprogramming and Air-Liquid Interface Modeling Life Cycle of Oncogenic Viruses (HPV and EBV) in Epithelial Cells and Virus-Associated Human Carcinomas. Viruses 2023; 15:1388. [PMID: 37376685 DOI: 10.3390/v15061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic and epigenetic modification, and reduction in tumor heterogeneity during long propagation. Cancer cell lines are limited and not appropriate for studying the viral life cycle, for example, natural viral life cycles of HPV and EBV, and their persistence and latency in epithelial cells are poorly understood, since these processes are highly related to epithelial differentiation. Therefore, there is an urgent need of reliable human physiological cell models to study viral life cycle and cancer initiation. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust cell culture system, where the cells can be established from minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens and their lineage functions preserved during the long-term culture. These CR cells retain their ability to differentiate at air-liquid interface (ALI). Here, we recapitulated the applications of CR and ALI approaches in modeling host-virus interactions and viral-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qawee Rani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dilber Nurmemet
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Liffick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anam Khan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Deng Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Ye J, He Q, Luo Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Lin Y, Liang R, Li Y, Wei J, Zhang J. STIM1-regulated exosomal EBV-LMP1 empowers endothelial cells with an aggressive phenotype by activating the Akt/ERK pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00790-0. [PMID: 36917356 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-mediated Ca2+ signaling regulates tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related human malignancy. However, the mechanism by which STIM1 modulates endothelial functional phenotypes contributing to tumor angiogenesis remains elusive. METHODS NPC cell-derived exosomes were isolated via differential centrifugation and observed using transmission electron microscopy. Exosome particle sizes were assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Uptake of exosomes by recipient ECs was detected by fluorescent labeling of the exosomes with PKH26. Tumor angiogenesis-associated profiles were characterized by determining cell proliferation, migration, tubulogenesis and permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Activation of the Akt/ERK pathway was assessed by detecting the phosphorylation levels using Western blotting. A chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model was employed to study tumor-associated neovascularization in vivo. RESULTS We found that NPC cell-derived exosomes harboring EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promoted proliferation, migration, tubulogenesis and permeability by activating the Akt/ERK pathway in ECs. STIM1 silencing reduced LMP1 enrichment in NPC cell-derived exosomes, thereby reversing its pro-oncogenic effects in an Akt/ERK pathway-dependent manner. Furthermore, STIM1 knockdown in NPC cells blunted tumor-induced vascular network formation and inhibited intra-tumor neovascularization in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model. CONCLUSION STIM1 regulates tumor angiogenesis by controlling exosomal EBV-LMP1 delivery to ECs in the NPC tumor microenvironment. Blocking exosome-mediated cell-to-cell horizontal transfer of EBV-associated oncogenic signaling molecules may be an effective therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiaxiang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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13
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Dang QQ, Li PH, Wang J, Zhao JY, Zhai SN, Zheng YJ, Yang DK. CircMAN1A2 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via enhancing the ubiquitination of ATMIN through miR-135a-3p/UBR5 axis. Hum Cell 2023; 36:657-675. [PMID: 36626032 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the dysregulation of circRNAs has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among these circRNAs, circMAN1A2 has been highlighted for the up-regulated expression in NPC, whereas the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly established. Thus, the aim of this study was to delineate the tumor-supporting role of circMAN1A2 in the oncogenesis and metastases of NPC. We validated through qRT-PCR that circMAN1A2 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and NPC cells. Survival analysis through Kaplan-Meier method showed that the overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival of patients was negatively correlated with the expression of circMAN1A2. Then, gain- and loss-of function assays demonstrated that circMAN1A2 knockdown could impede the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in NPC cells. Further, we conducted dual luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and RNA pull down assays, unveiling that circMAN1A2 functioned as a sponge of miR-135a-3p, and miR-135a-3p targeted UBR5. Additionally, UBR5 interacted with ATMIN to foster the ubiquitination of ATMIN, thereby expediting the malignant behaviors of NPC cells as well as the lung and inguinal lymph node metastases of NPC tumors in vivo. Together, our study uncovered the tumor-initiating and pro-metastatic role of circMAN1A2-miR-135a-3p-UBR5-ATMIN axis in NPC regulation that may be a potential therapeutic target for human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Dang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Nan Zhai
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Juan Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao-Ke Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Melo G, Silva CAB, Hague A, Parkinson EK, Rivero ERC. Anticancer effects of putative and validated BH3-mimetic drugs in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: An overview of current knowledge. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:105979. [PMID: 35816876 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to summarise available literature concerning the anticancer effects of both putative and validated BH3-mimetics in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A literature search was performed and studies assessing malignant cell lines, xenograft models, and/or humans were considered eligible. A total of 501 studies were identified, of which 40 were included. One phase-II clinical trial assessing gossypol (combined with docetaxel) was found. The remaining 39 preclinical studies investigated cell lines and/or xenograft models involving the use of six validated BH3-mimetics (A-1210477, A-1331852, ABT-737, navitoclax, S63845, venetoclax) and six putative BH3-mimetics (ApoG2, gossypol, obatoclax, sabutoclax, TW-37, and YC137). In preclinical settings, most validated BH3-mimetics were capable of inducing apoptosis (in-vitro) and tumour growth inhibition (in-vivo). The majority of putative BH3-mimetics were also capable of inducing cell death, although important off-target effects, such as autophagy induction, were also described. Combinations with conventional anticancer drugs, ionising radiation, or multiple BH3-mimetics generally resulted in enhanced anticancer effects, such as increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, especially considering some cell lines that showed resistance to either treatment alone. In conclusion, although clinical data are still insufficient to evaluate the anticancer effects of BH3-mimetics in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, promising results in preclinical settings were observed concerning induction of cell death and inhibition of tumour growth. Therefore, further clinical trials are highly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Amália Barcellos Silva
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Angela Hague
- Senior Lecturer, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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15
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Expression of Concern: NKILA represses nasopharyngeal carcinoma carcinogenesis and metastasis by NF-κB pathway inhibition. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010332. [PMID: 35972971 PMCID: PMC9380937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Chen Z, Gong Q, Li D, Zhou J. CircKIAA0368 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Upregulating HOXA10 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:615-627. [PMID: 35593126 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a head and neck cancer caused by cancerization of nasal epithelial cells. HOXA10 has been identified to promote proliferation and invasion of NPC cells, but its regulatory mechanism has not been well discussed. Published research work has also pointed out that circular RNAs (circRNAs) could regulate mRNAs to affect NPC tumorigenesis and development. AIM To explore the roles of HOXA10 and its specific regulatory mechanism regarding circRNAs in NPC. METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were applied to test gene expression. Functional assays were used to evaluate changes in NPC cell phenotypes. Mechanism assays were done to verify RNA-RNA or RNA-protein interaction. RESULTS HOXA10 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, HOXA10 knockdown could restrict NPC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CircKIAA0368 was upregulated in NPC cells and could elevate HOXA10 expression by sponging miR-6838-5p. Furthermore, circKIAA0368 was unveiled to competitively bind to p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF) to repress acetylation and degradation of HOXA10 protein. CONCLUSION CircKIAA0368 upregulates HOXA10 expression via miR-6838-5p and PCAF, consequently promoting NPCcell and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiaoying Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 146391Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Biggi AFB, Elgui de Oliveira D. The Epstein-Barr Virus Hacks Immune Checkpoints: Evidence and Consequences for Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Cancers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030397. [PMID: 35327589 PMCID: PMC8946074 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus involved in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of human cancers, mostly of lymphoid and epithelial origin. The EBV infection participates in both cell transformation and tumor progression, also playing an important role in subverting immune responses against cancers. The homeostasis of the immune system is tightly regulated by inhibitory mechanisms affecting key immune effectors, such as T lymphocytes and NK cells. Collectively known as immune checkpoints, these mechanisms rely on a set of cellular receptors and ligands. These molecules may be candidate targets for immune checkpoints blockade—an emergent and promising modality of immunotherapy already proven to be valuable for a variety of human cancers. The EBV was lately suspected to interfere with the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, notably PD-1 and its ligands, found to be overexpressed in cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal, and gastric adenocarcinomas associated with the viral infection. Even though there is compelling evidence showing that the EBV interferes with other immune checkpoint regulators (e.g., CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, and VISTA), the published data are still scarce. Herein, we discuss the current state of the knowledge on how the EBV interferes with the activity of immune checkpoints regulators, as well as its implications considering the immune checkpoints blockade for clinical management of the EBV-associated malignancies, notably lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
- ViriCan, Institute for Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-1573
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18
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Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis by Activating STIM1-Dependent Ca 2+ Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101275. [PMID: 34684224 PMCID: PMC8537240 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promotes tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by activating store-operated Ca2+ entry. Since such entry has been linked to stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), we examined whether the virus acts via STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signaling to promote tumor angiogenesis in NPC. STIM1 expression was detected in NPC cell lines HK1 and CNE2 that were negative or positive for EBV. STIM1 was knocked down in EBV-positive cells using recombinant lentivirus, then cytosolic Ca2+ levels were measured based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Cells were also exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endothelial tube formation was quantified in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. Growth of CNE2-EBV xenografts was measured in mice, and angiogenesis was assessed based on immunohistochemical staining against CD31. Paraffin-embedded NPC tissues from patients were assayed for CD31 and STIM1. EGFR and ERK signaling pathways were assessed in NPC cell lines. STIM1 expression was higher in EBV-positive than in EBV-negative NPC cell lines. STIM1 knockdown in EBV-positive NPC cells significantly reduced Ca2+ influx and VEGF production after EGF treatment. STIM1 knockdown also inhibited xenograft growth and angiogenesis. Moreover, CD31 expression level was higher in EBV-positive than EBV-negative NPC tissues, and high expression of CD31 co-localized with high expression of STIM1 in EBV-positive tissues from NPC patients. Viral infection of NPC cells led to higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 after EGF treatment, which STIM1 knockdown partially reversed. Our results suggest that EBV promotes EGF-induced ERK1/2 signaling by activating STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signaling, and that blocking such signaling may inhibit EBV-promoted angiogenesis in NPC.
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19
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Gong X, Fan L, Wang P. MEK inhibition by trametinib overcomes chemoresistance in preclinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma models. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:978-985. [PMID: 34282746 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance is the major cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although 'paradoxical' activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been shown to contribute resistance to anticancer treatment, the role of ERK in NPC chemoresistance has not been yet revealed. In this work, we report that trametinib, a clinically available mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor for melanoma treatment, overcomes NPC chemoresistance via suppressing ERK activation induced by chemotherapy. We first showed that trametinib at nanomolar concentrations was active against NPC cells and acted synergistically with cisplatin. Trametinib remarkably decreased phosphorylation of ERK and its downstream effector in NPC cells. We next showed that cisplatin treatment stimulates ERK signaling, and furthermore that this can be abolished by trametinib. We finally generated cisplatin-resistant NPC models and demonstrated that trametinib was effective in inhibiting cisplatin-resistant NPC growth, colony formation and survival via suppressing ERK signaling in vitro and in vivo. Our work demonstrates the potential of trametinib in overcoming chemoresistance in preclinical NPC models and provides evidence of initializing clinical trials of using trametinib for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Urologic Surgery
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xie J, Wang Z, Fan W, Liu Y, Liu F, Wan X, Liu M, Wang X, Zeng D, Wang Y, He B, Yan M, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Hou Z, Wang C, Kang Z, Fang W, Zhang L, Lam EWF, Guo X, Yan J, Zeng Y, Chen M, Liu Q. Targeting cancer cell plasticity by HDAC inhibition to reverse EBV-induced dedifferentiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:333. [PMID: 34482361 PMCID: PMC8418605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of differentiation therapy targeting cellular plasticity for the treatment of solid malignancies has been lagging. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinctive cancer with poor differentiation and high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Here, we show that the expression of EBV latent protein LMP1 induces dedifferentiated and stem-like status with high plasticity through the transcriptional inhibition of CEBPA. Mechanistically, LMP1 upregulates STAT5A and recruits HDAC1/2 to the CEBPA locus to reduce its histone acetylation. HDAC inhibition restored CEBPA expression, reversing cellular dedifferentiation and stem-like status in mouse xenograft models. These findings provide a novel mechanistic epigenetic-based insight into virus-induced cellular plasticity and propose a promising concept of differentiation therapy in solid tumor by using HDAC inhibitors to target cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Hematology; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine; Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology; Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deshun Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijie Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijie Kang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine; Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Dalian Key Laboratory of Hematology; Diamond Bay Institute of Hematology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yixin Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Bruce JP, To KF, Lui VWY, Chung GTY, Chan YY, Tsang CM, Yip KY, Ma BBY, Woo JKS, Hui EP, Mak MKF, Lee SD, Chow C, Velapasamy S, Or YYY, Siu PK, El Ghamrasni S, Prokopec S, Wu M, Kwan JSH, Liu Y, Chan JYK, van Hasselt CA, Young LS, Dawson CW, Paterson IC, Yap LF, Tsao SW, Liu FF, Chan ATC, Pugh TJ, Lo KW. Whole-genome profiling of nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals viral-host co-operation in inflammatory NF-κB activation and immune escape. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4193. [PMID: 34234122 PMCID: PMC8263564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interplay between EBV infection and acquired genetic alterations during nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development remains vague. Here we report a comprehensive genomic analysis of 70 NPCs, combining whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microdissected tumor cells with EBV oncogene expression to reveal multiple aspects of cellular-viral co-operation in tumorigenesis. Genomic aberrations along with EBV-encoded LMP1 expression underpin constitutive NF-κB activation in 90% of NPCs. A similar spectrum of somatic aberrations and viral gene expression undermine innate immunity in 79% of cases and adaptive immunity in 47% of cases; mechanisms by which NPC may evade immune surveillance despite its pro-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, genomic changes impairing TGFBR2 promote oncogenesis and stabilize EBV infection in tumor cells. Fine-mapping of CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletion breakpoints reveals homozygous MTAP deletions in 32-34% of NPCs that confer marked sensitivity to MAT2A inhibition. Our work concludes that NPC is a homogeneously NF-κB-driven and immune-protected, yet potentially druggable, cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian W Y Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Grace T Y Chung
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk-Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin Y Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John K S Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael K F Mak
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau-Dan Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sharmila Velapasamy
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yvonne Y Y Or
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Kei Siu
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samah El Ghamrasni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephenie Prokopec
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Man Wu
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Johnny S H Kwan
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Y K Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Andrew van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Fah Yap
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Cai J, Yi M, Tan Y, Li X, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Xiang B. Natural product triptolide induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in head and neck cancer through suppressing mitochondrial hexokinase-ΙΙ. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:190. [PMID: 34108030 PMCID: PMC8188724 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a lytic cell death form executed by gasdermins family proteins. Induction of tumor pyroptosis promotes anti-tumor immunity and is a potential cancer treatment strategy. Triptolide (TPL) is a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese herb which possesses potent anti-tumor activity in human cancers. However, its role in pyroptosis remains to be elucidated. Methods Cell survival was measured by colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V assay. Pyroptosis was evaluated by morphological features and release of interleukin 1β and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Immunofluorescence staining was employed to measure subcellular localization of proteins. Tumorigenicity was assessed by a xenograft tumor model. Expression levels of mRNAs or proteins were determined by qPCR or western blot assay, respectively. Results Triptolide eliminates head and neck cancer cells through inducing gasdermin E (GSDME) mediated pyroptosis. Silencing GSDME attenuates the cytotoxicity of TPL against cancer cells. TPL treatment suppresses expression of c-myc and mitochondrial hexokinase II (HK-II) in cancer cells, leading to activation of the BAD/BAX-caspase 3 cascade and cleavage of GSDME by active caspase 3. Silencing HK-II sensitizes cancer cells to TPL induced pyroptosis, whereas enforced expression of HK-II prevents TPL induced pyroptosis. Mechanistically, HK-II prevents mitochondrial translocation of BAD, BAX proteins and activation of caspase 3, thus attenuating cleavage of GSDME and pyroptosis upon TPL treatment. Furthermore, TPL treatment suppresses NRF2/SLC7A11 (also known as xCT) axis and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, regardless of the status of GSDME. Combination of TPL with erastin, an inhibitor of SLC7A11, exerts robust synergistic effect in suppression of tumor survival in vitro and in a nude mice model. Conclusions This study not only provides a new paradigm of TPL in cancer therapy, but also highlights a crucial role of mitochondrial HK-II in linking glucose metabolism with pyroptosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01995-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yixin Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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23
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Cai J, Chen S, Yi M, Tan Y, Peng Q, Ban Y, Yang J, Li X, Zeng Z, Xiong W, McCarthy JB, Li G, Li X, Xiang B. ΔNp63α is a super enhancer-enriched master factor controlling the basal-to-luminal differentiation transcriptional program and gene regulatory networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1282-1293. [PMID: 31826234 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates via malignant transformation of the pseudostratified nasopharyngeal epithelium, composed of basal and luminal cells. Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of cis-elements involved in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that basal cell-specific proteins are highly expressed, whereas luminal cell proteins are downregulated in NPC, implying a perturbation of basal-to-luminal differentiation during NPC development. We characterized NPC cell models according to different molecular signatures associated with their differentiation status and found that distinct SE landscapes are tightly associated with basal or luminal-like molecular signatures in NPC cells. Furthermore, the transcription of ΔNP63α, a prominent isoform of TP63, was found to be driven by SEs in NPC cells. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing showed that ΔNP63α largely occupied regions of SEs associated with basal cell-specific genes. Silencing of ΔNP63α led to a loss of H3K27ac occupancy at basal-type SEs and triggered a basal-to-luminal gene expression signature switch, suggesting that ΔNP63α is a master factor contributing to the perturbation of luminal differentiation. Integrative transcriptomics analysis also revealed that ΔNP63α acts as a core factor involved in the dysregulation of gene expression in NPC. Furthermore, ΔNP63α enhanced EGF-stimulated NF-κB activation in NPC cells by activating SE-mediated EGFR transcription. Finally, depletion of ΔNP63α in NPC cells induced robust growth inhibition of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that ΔNP63α-dependent SE reprogramming contributes to the blockade of luminal differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixin Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Zhang X, Song X, Lai Y, Zhu B, Luo J, Yu H, Yu Y. Identification of key pseudogenes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on RNA-Seq analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 33931030 PMCID: PMC8088053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant head and neck tumor, and more than 70% of new cases are in East and Southeast Asia. However, association between NPC and pseudogenes playing important roles in genesis of multiple tumor types is still not clear and needs to be investigated. METHODS Using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, we analyzed pseudogene expression in 13 primary NPC and 6 recurrent NPC samples as well as their paracancerous counterparts. Quantitative PCR was used to validate the differentially expressed pseudogenes. RESULTS We found 251 differentially expressed pseudogenes including 73 up-regulated and 178 down-regulated ones between primary NPC and paracancerous tissues. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were conducted to filter out the key pseudogenes. We reported that pseudogenes from cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, such as CYP2F2P, CYP2G1P, CYP4F24P, CYP2B7P and CYP2G2P were significantly down-regulated in NPC compared to paracancerous tissues, while IGHV1OR15-2, IGHV3-11, FCGR1CP and IGHV3-69-1 belonging to Fc gamma receptors were significantly up-regulated. CYP2B7P, CYP2F2P and CYP4F26P were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. The qRT-PCR analysis validated the lower expression of pseudogenes CYP2F2P and CYP2B7P in NPC tissues and cell lines compared to paracancerous tissues and normal human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. CYP2B7P overexpression weakened migratory and invasive capacity of NPC cell line. Moreover, the expression pattern of those pseudogenes in recurrent NPC tissues was different from the primary NPC. CONCLUSION This study suggested the role of pseudogenes in tumorigenesis and progression, potentially functioning as therapeutic targets to NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuting Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiqin Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yiqun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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25
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Migration of immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelia and carcinoma cells through porous membrane in 3D platforms. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224916. [PMID: 32440676 PMCID: PMC7273909 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 3D biomimetic platforms were fabricated with guiding grating to mimic extracellular matrix topography, porous membrane to resemble the epithelial porous interface and trenches below to represent blood vessels as an in vitro tissue microenvironment. Fabrication technologies were developed to integrate the transparent biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane platforms with preciously controlled dimensions. Cell migration behaviors of an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line (NP460) and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (NPC43) were studied on the 2D and 3D platforms. The NP460 and NPC43 cells traversing through the porous membrane and migrating in the trenches below were studied by time-lapse imaging. Before traversing through the pores, NP460 and NPC43 cells migrated around the pores but NPC43 cells had a lower migration speed with less lamellipodia spreading. After traversing to trenches below, NPC43 cells moved faster with an alternated elongated morphology (mesenchymal migration mode) and round morphology (amoeboid migration mode) compared with only mesenchymal migration mode for NP460 cells. The cell traversing probability through porous membrane on platforms with 30 μm wide trenches below was found to be the highest when the guiding grating was perpendicular to the trenches below and the lowest when the guiding grating was parallel to the trenches below. The present study shows important information on cell migration in complex 3D microenvironment with various dimensions and could provide insight for pathology and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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26
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Lucky SS, Law M, Lui MH, Mong J, Shi J, Yu S, Yoon DK, Djeng SK, Wang J, Lim CM, Tan MH. Patient-Derived Nasopharyngeal Cancer Organoids for Disease Modeling and Radiation Dose Optimization. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622244. [PMID: 33732646 PMCID: PMC7959730 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective radiation treatment (RT) for recurrent nasopharyngeal cancers (NPC), featuring an intrinsic hypoxic sub-volume, remains a clinical challenge. Lack of disease‐specific in-vitro models of NPC, together with difficulties in establishing patient derived xenograft (PDX) models, have further hindered development of personalized therapeutic options. Herein, we established two NPC organoid lines from recurrent NPC PDX models and further characterized and compared these models with original patient tumors using RNA sequencing analysis. Organoids were cultured in hypoxic conditions to examine the effects of hypoxia and radioresistance. These models were then utilized to determine the radiobiological parameters, such as α/β ratio and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), characteristic to radiosensitive normoxic and radioresistant hypoxic NPC, using simple dose-survival data analytic tools. The results were further validated in-vitro and in-vivo, to determine the optimal boost dose and fractionation regimen required to achieve effective NPC tumor regression. Despite the differences in tumor microenvironment due to the lack of human stroma, RNA sequencing analysis revealed good correlation of NPC PDX and organoid models with patient tumors. Additionally, the established models also mimicked inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Hypoxic NPC organoids were highly radioresistant and had high α/β ratio compared to its normoxic counterparts. In-vitro and in-vivo fractionation studies showed that hypoxic NPC was less sensitive to RT fractionation scheme and required a large bolus dose or 1.4 times of the fractionated dose that was effective against normoxic cells in order to compensate for oxygen deficiency. This study is the first direct experimental evidence to predict optimal RT boost dose required to cause sufficient damage to recurrent hypoxic NPC tumor cells, which can be further used to develop dose-painting algorithms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Swarnalatha Lucky
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Law
- Proton Therapy Centre Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hong Lui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jamie Mong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junli Shi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sidney Yu
- Proton Therapy Centre Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Do Kun Yoon
- Proton Therapy Centre Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jiguang Wang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Systems Biology and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chwee Ming Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Zhang WG, Liu ZY, Pang SW. Separation of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from carcinoma cells on 3D scaffold platforms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1444-1455. [PMID: 33241857 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold microstructures were developed to mimic a three-dimensional extracellular matrix in studying cell migration and invasion. The multiple-layer scaffold platforms were designed to investigate cell migration and separation from top to bottom layer. Two cell lines including immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NP460) cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) cells with Epstein-Barr virus were compared in this study. On one-layer platforms with trench depth of 15 µm, both NP460 and NPC43 cells were guided to migrate along the 18-µm-wide trenches, and exhibited random migration directions when the trench width was 10 or 50 µm. Nearly no cell was found to migrate in the 10-µm-wide trenches on one-layer platforms. However, the NP460 and NPC43 cells showed very different probability in the narrow trenches on two-layer platforms, making it possible to separate the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from the carcinoma cells. Moreover, 1-µm deep grating topography on the top layer inhibited NP460 cells to migrate from top ridges to the 10-µm-wide trenches, but promoted such behavior for NPC43 cells. The results demonstrated in This study suggest that the engineered multiple-layer scaffold platforms could be used to separate carcinoma cells in NPC tumor as a potential treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z Y Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S W Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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28
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Xue Z, Lui VWY, Li Y, Jia L, You C, Li X, Piao W, Yuan H, Khong PL, Lo KW, Cheung LWT, Lee VHF, Lee AWM, Tsao SW, Tsang CM. Therapeutic evaluation of palbociclib and its compatibility with other chemotherapies for primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:262. [PMID: 33243298 PMCID: PMC7690146 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic analyses revealed that druggable molecule targets were only detectable in approximately 6% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, a dependency on dysregulated CDK4/6-cyclinD1 pathway signaling is an essential event in the pathogenesis of NPC. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, and its compatibility with other chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of NPC by using newly established xenograft models and cell lines derived from primary, recurrent, and metastatic NPC. METHODS We evaluated the efficacies of palbociclib monotherapy and concurrent treatment with palbociclib and cisplatin or suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) in NPC cell lines and xenograft models. RNA sequencing was then used to profile the drug response-related pathways. Palbociclib-resistant NPC cell lines were established to determine the potential use of cisplatin as a second-line treatment after the development of palbociclib resistance. We further examined the efficacy of palbociclib treatment against cisplatin-resistant NPC cells. RESULTS In NPC cells, palbociclib monotherapy was confirmed to induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in vitro. Palbociclib monotherapy also had significant inhibitory effects in all six tested NPC tumor models in vivo, as indicated by substantial reductions in the total tumor volumes and in Ki-67 proliferation marker expression. In NPC cells, concurrent palbociclib treatment mitigated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in vitro. Notably, concurrent treatment with palbociclib and SAHA synergistically promoted NPC cell death both in vitro and in vivo. This combination also further inhibited tumor growth by inducing autophagy-associated cell death. NPC cell lines with induced palbociclib or cisplatin resistance remained sensitive to treatment with cisplatin or palbociclib, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings provide essential support for the use of palbociclib as an alternative therapy for NPC and increase awareness of the effective timing of palbociclib administration with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Our results provide a foundation for the design of first-in-human clinical trials of palbociclib regimens in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yongshu Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chanping You
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenying Piao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pek Lan Khong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lydia Wai Ting Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Victor Ho Fan Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anne Wing Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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29
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Caetano BFR, Jorge BAS, Müller-Coan BG, Elgui de Oliveira D. Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:14-23. [PMID: 33248209 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus involved with a variety of human cancers, notably the endemic Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In 2004, EBV was described as one the first known human oncoviruses to encode viral microRNAs (miRNAs), and these molecules were found to interact with viral and host targets. EBV miRNAs modulate biological processes that are critical for carcinogenesis, contributing to cell transformation and tumor progression of EBV-associated cancers. Herein we review and discuss EBV miRNAs as modulators of viral biology and carcinogenesis, as well as their usefulness as putative markers to monitor the onset, progression, and recurrence of cancers associated with the EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno Felipe R Caetano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School of Botucatu Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n. CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatrice Adrianne S Jorge
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250. CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n. CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Grasiele Müller-Coan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School of Botucatu Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n. CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School of Botucatu Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC) Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n. CEP 18607-440, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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30
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Liu X, Mondal AM. Conditional cell reprogramming for modeling host-virus interactions and human viral diseases. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2440-2452. [PMID: 32478897 PMCID: PMC7586785 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer and transformed cell lines are widely used in cancer biology and other fields within biology. These cells usually have abnormalities from the original tumor itself, but may also develop abnormalities due to genetic manipulation, or genetic and epigenetic changes during long-term passages. Primary cultures may maintain lineage functions as the original tissue types, yet they have a very limited life span or population doubling time because of the nature of cellular senescence. Primary cultures usually have very low yields, and the high variability from any original tissue specimens, largely limiting their applications in research. Animal models are often used for studies of virus infections, disease modeling, development of antiviral drugs, and vaccines. Human viruses often need a series of passages in vivo to adapt to the host environment because of variable receptors on the cell surface and may have intracellular restrictions from the cell types or host species. Here, we describe a long-term cell culture system, conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs), and its applications in modeling human viral diseases and drug discovery. Using feeder layer coculture in presence of Y-27632 (conditional reprogramming, CR), CRCs can be obtained and rapidly propagated from surgical specimens, core or needle biopsies, and other minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens, for example, nasal cavity brushing. CRCs preserve their lineage functions and provide biologically relevant and physiological conditions, which are suitable for studies of viral entry and replication, innate immune responses of host cells, and discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we summarize the applications of CR technology in modeling host-virus interactions and human viral diseases including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and coronavirus disease-2019, and antiviral discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Abdul M. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
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31
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Shair KHY. mSphere of Influence: 3-D Culture Models Influence Studies on Epstein-Barr Virus Molecular Pathogenesis in the Epithelium. mSphere 2020; 5:e00954-20. [PMID: 32968011 PMCID: PMC7520808 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00954-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kathy Shair works in the field of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers, with emphasis on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper "Efficient replication of Epstein-Barr virus in stratified epithelium in vitro" by Temple et al. (R. M. Temple, J. Zhu, L. Budgeon, N. D. Christensen, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16544-16549, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400818111) has influenced her work on EBV molecular pathogenesis in the nasopharynx by highlighting the importance of using three-dimensional (3-D) culture models to study epithelial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Y Shair
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Pan Y, Zhou F, Zhang R, Claret FX. Correction: Stat3 inhibitor stattic exhibits potent antitumor activity and induces chemo- and radio-sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237943. [PMID: 32790751 PMCID: PMC7425959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Umakoshi H, Saleh B, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Webster TJ. The Potential Anticancer Activity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded in Cellulose Fibers Isolated from Rice Straw. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5417-5432. [PMID: 32801697 PMCID: PMC7406330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Green-based materials have been increasingly studied to circumvent off-target cytotoxicity and other side-effects from conventional chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, cellulose fibers (CF) were isolated from rice straw (RS) waste by using an eco-friendly alkali treatment. The CF network served as an anticancer drug carrier for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The physicochemical and thermal properties of CF, pure 5-FU drug, and the 5-FU-loaded CF (CF/5-FU) samples were evaluated. The samples were assessed for in vitro cytotoxicity assays using human colorectal cancer (HCT116) and normal (CCD112) cell lines, along with human nasopharyngeal cancer (HONE-1) and normal (NP 460) cell lines after 72-hours of treatment. RESULTS XRD and FTIR revealed the successful alkali treatment of RS to isolate CF with high purity and crystallinity. Compared to RS, the alkali-treated CF showed an almost fourfold increase in surface area and zeta potential of up to -33.61 mV. SEM images illustrated the CF network with a rod-shaped structure and comprised of ordered aggregated cellulose. TGA results proved that the thermal stability of 5-FU increased within the drug carrier. Based on UV-spectroscopy measurements for 5-FU loading into CF, drug loading encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 83 ±0.8%. The release media at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 showed a maximum drug release of 79% and 46%, respectively, over 24 hours. In cytotoxicity assays, CF showed almost no damage, while pure 5-FU killed most of the both normal and cancer cells. Impressively, the drug-loaded sample of CF/5-FU at a 250 µg/mL concentration demonstrated a 58% inhibition against colorectal cancer cells, but only a 23% inhibition against normal colorectal cells. Further, a 62.50 µg/mL concentration of CF/5FU eliminated 71% and 39% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and normal nasopharyngeal cells, respectively. DISCUSSION This study, therefore, showed the strong potential anticancer activity of the novel CF/5-FU formulations, warranting their further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur54100, Malaysia
| | - Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan47500, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Bio-Inspired Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka560-8531, Japan
| | - Bahram Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
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34
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Li F, Song X, Li X, Zhang X, Feng X, Wang L, Xu L, Luo J, Zhu B, Ren W, Yu H, Yu Y. Lgr5 maintains stemness and regulates cell property in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101916. [PMID: 32721896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in Southern China and Southeast Asia. In this study, we found that Leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) was highly expressed in NPC tissues and marked NPC stem cells. Lgr5high tumors showed differential transcriptional landscape compared to Lgr5not high tumors. Lgr5 expression was associated with the clinicopathologic features in NPC and was able to regulate the stemness and viability of NPC cell line CNE1 and HNE1. Meanwhile, the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was modulated by Lgr5 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, Lgr5 could regulate the sensitivity of NPC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Xenografted tumors from Lgr5-overexpressed CNE1 cells showed stronger tumor forming capacity and higher expression level of stem cell markers. Thus, we characterized previously unidentified role of Lgr5 in NPC cells, potential serving as a NPC stem cell biomarker and a therapeutic target against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Lun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Jiqin Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China.
| | - Yiqun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China; Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
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35
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Guo S, Zhang J, Wei C, Lu Z, Cai R, Pan D, Zhang H, Liang B, Zhang Z. Anticancer effects of brusatol in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through suppression of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:1097-1108. [PMID: 32449143 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brusatol, a natural quassinoid that is isolated from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known as Bruceae Fructus, possesses biological activity in various types of human cancers, but its effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have not been reported. This study aimed to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of brusatol in NPC in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The antiproliferative effect of brusatol was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of mitochondrial apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins were determined by western blot analysis. Further in vivo confirmation was performed in a nude mouse model. RESULTS Brusatol showed antiproliferative activity against four human NPC cell lines (CNE-1, CNE-2, 5-8F, and 6-10B) in a dose-dependent manner. This antiproliferative effect was accompanied by mitochondrial apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the modulation of several key molecular targets, such as Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bad, Bax, PARP, Caspase-9, Caspase-7, Caspase-3, Cdc25c, Cyclin B1, Cdc2 p34, and Cyclin D1. In addition, we found that brusatol inhibited the activation of Akt, mTOR, 4EBP1, and S6K, suggesting that the Akt/mTOR pathway is a key underlying mechanism by which brusatol inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis. Further in vivo nude mouse models proved that brusatol significantly inhibited the growth of CNE-1 xenografts with no significant toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that brusatol is a promising antitumor drug candidate or a supplement to current chemotherapeutic therapies to treat NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cairong Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulong Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqi Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Wu C, Guo E, Ming J, Sun W, Nie X, Sun L, Peng S, Luo M, Liu D, Zhang L, Mei Q, Long G, Hu G, Hu G. Radiation-Induced DNMT3B Promotes Radioresistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Methylation of p53 and p21. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:306-319. [PMID: 32382655 PMCID: PMC7200625 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, whose efficacy is limited partly by intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) has been reported to participate in tumorigenesis via DNA methylation, but its role in mediating progression and radioresistance of NPC remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the following studies to explore the relationship between DNMT3B and NPC. Here, we found that DNMT3B was elevated in NPC tissues and predicted the poor prognosis of NPC patients. We demonstrated for the first time that ionizing radiation could induce DNMT3B, which might be one of the reasons for radioresistance. Silencing of DNMT3B inhibited migration and invasion via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells. Furthermore, silencing DNMT3B restored and activated p53 and p21 via DNA demethylation, which led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, resulting in increased radiosensitivity of NPC both in vitro and in vivo. DNMT3B functions as a novel oncogene in the radioresistance of NPC through regulating EMT, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Therefore, DNMT3B could be a potential target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ergang Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ming
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Long
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Expression of Concern: Potential Tumor Suppressor NESG1 as an Unfavorable Prognosis Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231298. [PMID: 32282843 PMCID: PMC7153851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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38
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Wei X, Nian J, Zheng J, He Y, Zeng M. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by AT7519 enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell response to chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:949-957. [PMID: 32279103 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor outcomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) necessitate new treatments. AT7519 is a potent inhibitor of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and is currently in the early phase of clinical development for cancer treatment. The potent anti-cancer activities of AT7519 have been reported in various cancers, but not in NPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of AT7519 in NPC were systematically analyzed using cell culture assays and xenograft mouse models. The effects of AT7519 on molecules involved in mRNA transcription were examined. RESULTS AT7519, at a nanomolar concentration, significantly inhibits growth via arresting cells at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in NPC cells regardless of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and cellular origin. It also inhibits growth of a subpopulation of cells with highly proliferative and invasive features. Importantly, AT7519 acts synergistically with cisplatin and is effective against chemo-resistant NPC cells. Mechanistically, AT7519 inhibits phosphorylation of Rb, suggesting the inhibition of CDK2 in NPC. It also decreases N-myc level and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, and inhibits transcription. Consistent with the in vitro findings, we demonstrate that AT7519 is effective as a single agent in two independent NPC xenograft mouse models. The combination of ATP7519 and cisplatin results in greater efficacy than cisplatin alone in inhibiting NPC tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our work is the first to report anti-NPC activities of AT7519. Our preclinical evidence suggests that AT7519 is a useful addition to overcome NPC chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Jiabin Nian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Yangli He
- Medical Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19, Xinhua Road, Xiuying Distric, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Medical Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), No.19, Xinhua Road, Xiuying Distric, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China.
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Expression of concern: Reduced CTGF expression promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231520. [PMID: 32240269 PMCID: PMC7117724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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40
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Cheung ST, Chan SL, Lo KW. Contaminated and misidentified cell lines commonly use in cancer research. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:573-574. [PMID: 32196757 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell line authentication is important for credibility concern and scientific reproducibility. Authenticated cancer cell lines retain the properties of the cancers of origin and serve valuable resources for medical research. Experimental results commonly will be validated in more than one cell line to avoid specific cell line effect not generalizable to the disease on the whole. The use of appropriate and verified cell lines would therefore be very important in preclinical studies of translational research, bridging basic research to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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41
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Wei J, Ye J, Luo Y, Weng J, He Q, Liu F, Li M, Lin Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Qu S, Zhang J. EB virus promotes metastatic potential by boosting STIM1-dependent Ca 2+ signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:122-132. [PMID: 32165272 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique head and neck malignancy with highly metastatic cell-biological characteristics, for which latent EBV-infection is responsible. Our earlier studies showed that EGF-stimulated Ca2+ signaling via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was amplified in NPC cells expressing EBV-encoded LMP1, thus contributing to EBV-enhanced metastatic capacities. However, the pathway through which EBV modulates cytosolic Ca2+ signaling still remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that EBV-infection amplified EGF-stimulated Ca2+ responses through the promotion of intracellular aggregation of STIM1, which serves as a Ca2+ sensor to activate SOCE. Blockage of EBV-remodeled Ca2+ signaling by STIM1-silencing inhibited cell migration by interrupting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, and suppressed tumor dissemination in zebrafish and lymph node metastasis in mice. In addition, STIM1 expression was upregulated in primary NPC tissues compared with normal nasopharyngeal epithelium and stronger among the patients with advanced lymph node metastatic disease (N2-3 stage). Our findings thus indicate that EBV promotes metastatic potential by enhancing STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signaling that manipulates EMT in NPC cells. EBV-modulated Ca2+ signaling could serve as a candidate anti-metastatic target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiaxiang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jingjin Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qian He
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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42
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Long HM, Meckiff BJ, Taylor GS. The T-cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus-New Tricks From an Old Dog. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2193. [PMID: 31620125 PMCID: PMC6759930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people and establishes life-long infection controlled by the host's immune system. The genetic stability of the virus, deep understanding of the viral antigens and immune epitopes recognized by the host's T-cell system and the fact that recent infection can be identified by the development of symptomatic infectious mononucleosis makes EBV a powerful system in which to study human immunology. The association between EBV and multiple cancers also means that the lessons learned have strong translational potential. Increasing evidence of a role for resident memory T-cells and non-conventional γδ T-cells in controlling EBV infection suggests new opportunities for research and means the virus will continue to provide exciting new insights into human biology and immunology into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham S. Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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43
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Casein kinase 1α-dependent inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin selectively targets nasopharyngeal carcinoma and increases chemosensitivity. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:e0747. [PMID: 31305293 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrvinium tosylate (PT) is an anthelminthic drug that has recently been shown to suppress various human cancers. However, whether PT is effective in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been determined to date. In this work, we show the selective efficacy of PT in NPC while sparing normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, and its ability to increase chemosensitivity. We show that PT at 100 and 500 nmol/l significantly inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in several NPC cell lines without affecting normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Using cell culture and xenograft mouse models, PT markedly enhances cisplatin's efficacy in NPC and the combination leads to almost complete tumor inhibition. Mechanism studies show that PT suppresses active, nuclear β-catenin level and activity and increases Axin level in NPC cells. β-Catenin overexpression completely reverses the inhibitory effects of PT, confirming that β-catenin is the molecular mechanism of PT's action in NPC. In addition, the effects of PT on β-catenin and Axin levels and on Wnt signaling in NPC cells are mediated by its activation of casine kinase 1α. Our work is the first to suggest that Wnt/β-catenin is a selective target for NPC treatment, and provides the preclinical evidence on the translational potential of PT as a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for NPC.
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44
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes? Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7060183. [PMID: 31238570 PMCID: PMC6617214 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) successfully persists in the vast majority of adults but causes lymphoid and epithelial malignancies in a small fraction of latently infected individuals. Innate immunity is the first-line antiviral defense, which EBV has to evade in favor of its own replication and infection. EBV uses multiple strategies to perturb innate immune signaling pathways activated by Toll-like, RIG-I-like, NOD-like, and AIM2-like receptors as well as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. EBV also counteracts interferon production and signaling, including TBK1-IRF3 and JAK-STAT pathways. However, activation of innate immunity also triggers pro-inflammatory response and proteolytic cleavage of caspases, both of which exhibit proviral activity under some circumstances. Pathogenic inflammation also contributes to EBV oncogenesis. EBV activates NFκB signaling and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through differential modulation of the proviral and antiviral roles of caspases and other host factors at different stages of infection, EBV usurps cellular programs for death and inflammation to its own benefits. The outcome of EBV infection is governed by a delicate interplay between innate immunity and EBV. A better understanding of this interplay will instruct prevention and intervention of EBV-associated cancers.
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45
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Schweppe RE, Pozdeyev N, Pike LA, Korch C, Zhou Q, Sams SB, Sharma V, Pugazhenthi U, Raeburn C, Albuja-Cruz MB, Reigan P, LaBarbera DV, Landa I, Knauf JA, Fagin JA, Haugen BR. Establishment and Characterization of Four Novel Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines and PDX Models Expressing the RET/PTC1 Rearrangement, BRAFV600E, or RASQ61R as Drivers. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1036-1048. [PMID: 30733375 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are critical models to study tumor progression and response to therapy. In 2008, we showed that approximately 50% of thyroid cancer cell lines were redundant or not of thyroid cancer origin. We therefore generated new authenticated thyroid cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using in vitro and feeder cell approaches, and characterized these models in vitro and in vivo. We developed four thyroid cancer cell lines, two derived from 2 different patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) pleural effusions, CUTC5, and CUTC48; one derived from a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), CUTC60; and one derived from a patient with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), CUTC61. One PDX model (CUTC60-PDX) was also developed. Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping showed that each cell line and PDX is unique and match the original patient tissue. The CUTC5 and CUTC60 cells harbor the BRAF (V600E) mutation, the CUTC48 cell line expresses the RET/PTC1 rearrangement, and the CUTC61 cells have the HRAS (Q61R) mutation. Moderate to high levels of PAX8 and variable levels of NKX2-1 were detected in each cell line and PDX. The CUTC5 and CUTC60 cell lines form tumors in orthotopic and flank xenograft mouse models. IMPLICATIONS: We have developed the second RET/PTC1-expressing PTC-derived cell line in existence, which is a major advance in studying RET signaling. We have further linked all cell lines to the originating patients, providing a set of novel, authenticated thyroid cancer cell lines and PDX models to study advanced thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Schweppe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. .,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nikita Pozdeyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura A Pike
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Korch
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon B Sams
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vibha Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Umarani Pugazhenthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Raeburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maria B Albuja-Cruz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel V LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan R Haugen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lyu X, Wang J, Guo X, Wu G, Jiao Y, Faleti OD, Liu P, Liu T, Long Y, Chong T, Yang X, Huang J, He M, Tsang CM, Tsao SW, Wang Q, Jiang Q, Li X. EBV-miR-BART1-5P activates AMPK/mTOR/HIF1 pathway via a PTEN independent manner to promote glycolysis and angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007484. [PMID: 30557400 PMCID: PMC6312352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism and uncontrolled angiogenesis are two important characteristics of malignant tumors. The occurrence of both events involves many key molecular changes including miRNA. However, EBV encoded miRNAs are rarely mentioned as capable of regulating tumor metabolism and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we reported that one of the key miRNAs encoded by EBV, EBV-miR-Bart1-5P, can significantly promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell glycolysis and induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, EBV-miR-Bart1-5P directly targets the α1 catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1) and consequently regulates the AMPK/mTOR/HIF1 pathway which impelled NPC cell anomalous aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis, ultimately leads to uncontrolled growth of NPC. Our findings provide new insights into metabolism and angiogenesis of NPC and new opportunities for the development of targeted NPC therapy in the future. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first reported human tumor virus found to encode miRNAs, which closely related to malignant progression of tumors. In our study, we have observed that EBV-miR-BART1-5P, an EBV-BARTs encoded miRNA, promotes glycolysis and induces angiogenesis in NPC. Interestingly, we showed that overexpression of EBV-miR -BART1-5P and restored PTEN at the same time, did not completely reverse the phenotypes of glycolysis, angiogenesis and proliferation, suggesting that EBV-miR-BART1-5P can mediate glycolysis and induction angiogenesis by a PTEN-independent manner. Further mechanism exploration demonstrated that EBV-miR-BART1-5P has important roles in cancer cell glucose metabolism and angiogenesis by inhibiting AMPKα1 and PTEN, which provides a molecular basis for the regulation of AMPK/mTOR/HIF1 and PTEN/FAK, Shc, AKT pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XL); (QJ); (XL)
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gongfa Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zengcheng District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tielian Liu
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Long
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tuotuo Chong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of laboratory medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XL); (QJ); (XL)
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, the Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (QJ); (XL)
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48
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Lin W, Yip YL, Jia L, Deng W, Zheng H, Dai W, Ko JMY, Lo KW, Chung GTY, Yip KY, Lee SD, Kwan JSH, Zhang J, Liu T, Chan JYW, Kwong DLW, Lee VHF, Nicholls JM, Busson P, Liu X, Chiang AKS, Hui KF, Kwok H, Cheung ST, Cheung YC, Chan CK, Li B, Cheung ALM, Hau PM, Zhou Y, Tsang CM, Middeldorp J, Chen H, Lung ML, Tsao SW. Establishment and characterization of new tumor xenografts and cancer cell lines from EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4663. [PMID: 30405107 PMCID: PMC6220246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of representative nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) models has seriously hampered research on EBV carcinogenesis and preclinical studies in NPC. Here we report the successful growth of five NPC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from fifty-eight attempts of transplantation of NPC specimens into NOD/SCID mice. The take rates for primary and recurrent NPC are 4.9% and 17.6%, respectively. Successful establishment of a new EBV-positive NPC cell line, NPC43, is achieved directly from patient NPC tissues by including Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases inhibitor (Y-27632) in culture medium. Spontaneous lytic reactivation of EBV can be observed in NPC43 upon withdrawal of Y-27632. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) reveals a close similarity in mutational profiles of these NPC PDXs with their corresponding patient NPC. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) further delineates the genomic landscape and sequences of EBV genomes in these newly established NPC models, which supports their potential use in future studies of NPC. The lack of appropriate models restricts pre-clinical research for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here the authors report the development and characterization of NPC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), and EBV positive NPC cell line from patient tumor, and suggest their potential use in future NPC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Josephine Mun Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Tin Yun Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau-Dan Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Sheung-Him Kwan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Malcolm Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pierre Busson
- Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, UMR8126, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, 20057, DC, USA.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Alan Kwok Shing Chiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin Kwok
- Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Chun Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Keung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Annie Lai-Man Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pok Man Hau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jaap Middeldorp
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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49
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Korch C, Varella-Garcia M. Tackling the Human Cell Line and Tissue Misidentification Problem Is Needed for Reproducible Biomedical Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yamp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Modified Anoikis Assay That Functionally Segregates Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Strains into Two Groups. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00557-18. [PMID: 29950426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00557-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a metastatic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer that expresses the viral oncogenic protein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). During epithelial metastasis, detached cells must overcome anoikis-induced cell death and gain the ability to reattach and restore growth potential. Anoikis assays have revealed cell survival mechanisms during suspension, but few studies have tracked the fate of cells surviving anoikis-inducing conditions. In this study, a modified anoikis assay was used to examine if the expression of LMP1 confers the recovery of epithelial cells from anoikis. Cells expressing LMP1 mutants and strains were evaluated for distinguishing properties in survival during suspension, reattachment, and outgrowth potential. Expression of LMP1 promoted the outgrowth of the NPC cell line HK1 following anoikis induction that was not attributed to enhanced cell survival in suspension or reattachment. The mechanism of LMP1-induced outgrowth required Akt signaling and the conserved PXQXT motif on LMP1, which activates Akt. Deletion of any of the three LMP1 C-terminal activation regions (CTAR) abrogated anoikis recovery, suggesting that additional LMP1-regulated signaling pathways are likely involved. Of the seven LMP1 strains, only B958, China1, and Med+ promoted HK1 outgrowth from anoikis. This distinguishing biological property segregates LMP1 strains into two categories (anoikis recovering and nonrecovering) and suggests that LMP1 strain-specific sequences may be important in determining metastatic outgrowth potential in NPC tumors.IMPORTANCE LMP1 is one of the most divergent sequences in the EBV genome and phylogenetically segregates into seven LMP1 strains. The LMP1 strains differ in geographical distribution and NPC tumor prevalence, but the molecular basis for this potential selection is not clear. While there are signaling motifs conserved in all LMP1 sequences from circulating EBV isolates, phylogenetic studies of NPC also suggest that there may be sequence selection for tumor-associated LMP1 strains and polymorphisms. The present study describes a modified anoikis assay that can distinguish LMP1 strains into two groups by biological properties. The pleiotropic LMP1 signaling properties and sequence diversity may offer a unique opportunity to illuminate the complex mechanisms of metastasis. Although the host genomic landscape is variable between NPC tumors, the present functional-mapping studies on LMP1 support the notion that viral proteins could serve as molecular tool kits and potentially reveal sequence-associated risk factors in NPC metastatic progression.
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