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Panagopoulos I, Andersen K, Lobmaier I, Lund-Iversen M. Genetic Heterogeneity in Cellular Angiofibromas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23262. [PMID: 39120141 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular angiofibroma, a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm, is classified within the 13q/RB1 family of tumors due to morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic similarities with spindle cell lipoma. Here, genetic data reveal pathogenetic heterogeneity in cellular angiofibroma. METHODS Three cellular angiofibromas were studied using G-banding/Karyotyping, array comparative genomic hybridization, RNA sequencing, and direct cycling sequencing. RESULTS The first tumor carried a del(13)(q12) together with heterozygous loss and minimal expression of the RB1 gene. Tumors two and three displayed chromosome 8 abnormalities associated with chimeras of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). In tumor 2, the cathepsin B (CTSB) fused to PLAG1 (CTSB::PLAG1) while in tumor 3, the mir-99a-let-7c cluster host gene (MIR99AHG) fused to PLAG1 (MIR99AHG::PLAG1), both leading to elevated expression of PLAG1 and insulin growth factor 2. CONCLUSION This study uncovers two genetic pathways contributing to the pathogenetic heterogeneity within cellular angiofibromas. The first aligns with the 13q/RB1 family of tumors and the second involves PLAG1-chimeras. These findings highlight the diverse genetic landscape of cellular angiofibromas, providing insights into potential diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Andersen K, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Micci F, Heim S. NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 Fusion Genes in Chondroid Syringoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:237-248. [PMID: 32345665 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign tumor emanating from sweat glands. Although rearrangements of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) have been reported in such tumors, information on PLAG1 fusion genes is very limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed on two chondroid syringoma cases. RESULTS Both tumors had structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. An NDRG1-PLAG1 transcript was found in the first tumor in which exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of NDRG1. A TRPS1-PLAG1 chimeric transcript was detected in the second chondroid syringoma in which exon 2 or exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of TRPS1. CONCLUSION The NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 resemble other PLAG1 fusion genes inasmuch as the expression of PLAG1 comes under the control of the NDRG1 or TRPS1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Meinrath J, Haak A, Igci N, Dalvi P, Arolt C, Meemboor S, Siebolts U, Eischeidt-Scholz H, Wickenhauser C, Grünewald I, Drebber U, Büttner R, Quaas A, Klußmann JP, Odenthal M, Beutner D, Meyer M. Expression profiling on subclasses of primary parotid gland carcinomas. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4123-4137. [PMID: 33227073 PMCID: PMC7665229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The underlying molecular mechanisms of parotid gland carcinomas (PGC) are still unknown. Knowledge about the tumor-driving signaling pathways is necessary either for diagnostics or developing new therapeutic options in this heterogeneous and rare entity. MATERIAL AND METHODS 94 matching RNA formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from PGC and the corresponding non-tumor area, RNA quality and quantity were sufficient for gene expression profiling of 770 genes using the NanoString's nCounter technology. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes were examined in the three common PGC tumor entities: adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), adenocarcinoma NOS (AC-NOS), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). RESULTS Expression profiling and subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis clearly differentiated between non-tumor gland tissue samples and PGC. In addition expression pattern of all three entities differed. The extensive pathway analysis proved a prominent dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the three PGC entities. Moreover, transcript upstream analysis demonstrated a pronounced activation of the PI3K pathway in ACC and MEC. DISCUSSION Our findings revealed divergent molecular expression profiles in MEC, ACC and AC-NOS that are presently studied for their potential application in PGC diagnostics. Importantly, identification of Wnt and PI3K signaling in PGC revealed novel options of PGC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Meinrath
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Haak
- Department of Pathology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Nesrin Igci
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Priya Dalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Arolt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Udo Siebolts
- Department of Pathology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | - Inga Grünewald
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Klußmann
- Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Integrative Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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Espinoza DA, Fan X, Yang D, Cordes SF, Truitt LL, Calvo KR, Yabe IM, Demirci S, Hope KJ, Hong SG, Krouse A, Metzger M, Bonifacino A, Lu R, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Wu X, DeRavin SS, Malech HL, Donahue RE, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Aberrant Clonal Hematopoiesis following Lentiviral Vector Transduction of HSPCs in a Rhesus Macaque. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1074-1086. [PMID: 31023523 PMCID: PMC6554657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are used for delivery of genes into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in clinical trials worldwide. LVs, in contrast to retroviral vectors, are not associated with insertion site-associated malignant clonal expansions and, thus, are considered safer. Here, however, we present a case of markedly abnormal dysplastic clonal hematopoiesis affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages in a rhesus macaque transplanted with HSPCs that were transduced with a LV containing a strong retroviral murine stem cell virus (MSCV) constitutive promoter-enhancer in the LTR. Nine insertions were mapped in the abnormal clone, resulting in overexpression and aberrant splicing of several genes of interest, including the cytokine stem cell factor and the transcription factor PLAG1. This case represents the first clear link between lentiviral insertion-induced clonal expansion and a clinically abnormal transformed phenotype following transduction of normal primate or human HSPCs, which is concerning, and suggests that strong constitutive promoters should not be included in LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Espinoza
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Yang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stefan F Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Idalia M Yabe
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Metzger
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Chen KS, Stroup EK, Budhipramono A, Rakheja D, Nichols-Vinueza D, Xu L, Stuart SH, Shukla AA, Fraire C, Mendell JT, Amatruda JF. Mutations in microRNA processing genes in Wilms tumors derepress the IGF2 regulator PLAG1. Genes Dev 2018; 32:996-1007. [PMID: 30026293 PMCID: PMC6075147 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313783.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many childhood Wilms tumors are driven by mutations in the microRNA biogenesis machinery, but the mechanism by which these mutations drive tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a microRNA target gene that is overexpressed in Wilms tumors with mutations in microRNA processing genes. Wilms tumors can also overexpress PLAG1 through copy number alterations, and PLAG1 expression correlates with prognosis in Wilms tumors. PLAG1 overexpression accelerates growth of Wilms tumor cells in vitro and induces neoplastic growth in the developing mouse kidney in vivo. In both settings, PLAG1 transactivates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a key Wilms tumor oncogene, and drives mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. These data link microRNA impairment to the PLAG1-IGF2 pathway, providing new insight into the manner in which common Wilms tumor mutations drive disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Diana Nichols-Vinueza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75290, USA
| | - Sarai H Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Claudette Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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6
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Fink T, Tiplady K, Lopdell T, Johnson T, Snell RG, Spelman RJ, Davis SR, Littlejohn MD. Functional confirmation of PLAG1 as the candidate causative gene underlying major pleiotropic effects on body weight and milk characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44793. [PMID: 28322319 PMCID: PMC5359603 DOI: 10.1038/srep44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A major pleiotropic quantitative trait locus (QTL) located at ~25 Mbp on bovine chromosome 14 affects a myriad of growth and developmental traits in Bos taurus and indicus breeds. These QTL have been attributed to two functional variants in the bidirectional promoter of PLAG1 and CHCHD7. Although PLAG1 is a good candidate for mediating these effects, its role remains uncertain given that these variants are also associated with expression of five additional genes at the broader locus. In the current study, we conducted expression QTL (eQTL) mapping of this region using a large, high depth mammary RNAseq dataset representing 375 lactating cows. Here we show that of the seven previously implicated genes, only PLAG1 and LYN are differentially expressed by QTL genotype, and only PLAG1 bears the same association signature of the growth and body weight QTLs. For the first time, we also report significant association of PLAG1 genotype with milk production traits, including milk fat, volume, and protein yield. Collectively, these data strongly suggest PLAG1 as the causative gene underlying this diverse range of traits, and demonstrate new effects for the locus on lactation phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fink
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Thomas Lopdell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Mathew D Littlejohn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
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7
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Liver-Specific Inactivation of the Proprotein Convertase FURIN Leads to Increased Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:148651. [PMID: 26167473 PMCID: PMC4475760 DOI: 10.1155/2015/148651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertases are subtilisin-like serine endoproteases that cleave and hence activate a variety of proproteins, including growth factors, receptors, metalloproteases, and extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, it has been suggested that inhibition of the ubiquitously expressed proprotein convertase FURIN might be a good therapeutic strategy for several tumor types. Whether this is also the case for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently not clear. In a mouse model for HCC expression of Furin was not altered in the tumors, while those of PC7, PC5/6, and PACE4 significantly decreased, at least at some time points. To investigate the impact of Furin inhibition on the development and progression of HCC in this model, Furin was genetically ablated in the liver. Furin inactivation resulted in an increased tumor mass after 5 weeks. This was not caused by decreased apoptosis, since no differences in the apoptosis index could be observed. However, it could at least partially be explained by increased hepatocyte proliferation at 5 weeks. The tumors of the Furin knockout mice were histologically similar to those in wild type mice. In conclusion, liver-specific Furin inhibition in HCC enhances the tumor formation and will not be a good therapeutic strategy for this tumor type.
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8
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs4932178) in the P1 Promoter of FURIN Is Not Prognostic to Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:321276. [PMID: 26137475 PMCID: PMC4475562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/321276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
High expression of the proprotein processing enzyme FURIN has been associated with tumor progression and metastasis. A SNP (rs4932178) in the promoter of FURIN has been reported to affect expression in liver, with the T allele resulting in higher expression than the C allele. In this study we have investigated the association of this SNP with prognostic and biological subgroups of colorectal cancer (CRC). In a panel of 1382 patients with CRC, this SNP had no impact on overall survival or on postoperative risk of relapse. This SNP also could not be linked with FURIN expression levels in CRC samples from the patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate in luciferase reporter experiments in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and SW480 and in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh 7 that expression is not affected by the SNP. Since, FURIN inhibition in human colon cancer cell lines has previously been shown to repress tumor metastases, association between FURIN gene expression levels and postoperative relapse-free survival was also investigated. However, no association could be found. Altogether, we could not confirm an effect of the SNP on FURIN expression in vitro and no correlations could be found in vivo with FURIN expression or outcome.
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Benetatos L, Vartholomatos G, Hatzimichael E. MEG3 imprinted gene contribution in tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:773-9. [PMID: 21400503 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a maternally expressed imprinted gene representing a large noncoding RNA in which microRNAs (miRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs are also hosted. It is capable of interacting with cyclic AMP, p53, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) playing a role in cell proliferation control. MEG3 expression is under epigenetic control, and aberrant CpG methylation has been observed in several types of cancer. Moreover, gene copy number loss has been reported as additional mechanism associated with tumorigenesis. MEG3 deletion seems to upregulate the paternally expressed genes and on the other hand downregulate the expression of downstream maternally expressed genes and tumor suppressor miRNAs, although there are conflicting data on the topic. MEG3 could represent a tumor suppressor gene located in chromosome 14q32 and its association with tumorigenesis is growing every day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Benetatos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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10
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Declercq J, Kumar A, Gysemans C, Di Pietro C, Schraenen A, Chintinne M, Lemaire K, Van Lommel L, Van De Casteele M, Heimberg H, Pipeleers D, Schuit FC, Mathieu C, Ectors N, Van de Ven WJM, Verfaillie CM. Pdx1- and Ngn3-Cre-mediated PLAG1 expression in the pancreas leads to endocrine hormone imbalances that affect glucose metabolism. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1285-97. [PMID: 21294959 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x550242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1) has been linked to transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the role of the related pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) in glucose homeostasis. PLAG1 transgenic mice in which expression of the PLAG1 transgene can be targeted to different organs by Cre-mediated modulation were crossed with Pdx1-Cre or Ngn3-Cre mice, resulting in double transgenic P1-Pdx1Cre or P1-Ngn3Cre mice, respectively. P1-Pdx1Cre and P1-Ngn3Cre mice developed hyperplasia of pancreatic islets due to increased β- and δ- but not α-cell proliferation. In young P1-Pdx1Cre mice (less than 15 weeks) there was a balanced increase in the pancreatic content of insulin and somatostatin, which was associated with normoglycemia. In older P1-Pdx1Cre mice the pancreatic somatostatin content far exceeded that of insulin, leading to the progressive development of severe hypoglycemia beyond 30 weeks. In contrast, in older P1-Ngn3Cre mice the relative increase of the pancreatic insulin content exceeded that of somatostatin and these mice remained normoglycemic. In conclusion, forced expression of PLAG1 under the control of the Pdx1 or Ngn3 promoter in murine pancreas induces different degrees of endocrine hormone imbalances within the pancreas, which is associated with hypoglycemia in P1-Pdx1Cre mice but not P1-Ngn3Cre mice. These results suggest that once stem cell-derived islet transplantations become possible, the appropriate balance between different hormone-producing cells will need to be preserved to prevent deregulated glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Declercq
- Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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The transcription factor PlagL2 activates Mpl transcription and signaling in hematopoietic progenitor and leukemia cells. Leukemia 2011; 25:655-62. [PMID: 21263445 PMCID: PMC3076538 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling pathways are frequent targets of oncogenic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia, promoting proliferation and survival. We have previously shown that the transcription factor PLAGL2 promotes proliferation and cooperates with the leukemia fusion protein Cbfβ-SMMHC in acute myeloid leukemia development. Here we show that PLAGL2 upregulates expression of the thrombopoietin receptor Mpl, using 2 consensus sites in its proximal promoter. We also show that Mpl overexpression efficiently cooperates with Cbfβ-SMMHC in development of leukemia in mice. Finally, we demonstrate that PlagL2-expressing leukemic cells show hyper-activation of Jak2 and downstream STAT5, Akt and Erk1/2 pathways in response to Tpo ligand. These results show that PlagL2 expression activates expression of Mpl in hematopoietic progenitors, and that upregulation of wild type Mpl provides an oncogenic signal in cooperation with CBFβ-SMMHC in mice.
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12
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Declercq J, Kumar A, Van Diepen JA, Vroegrijk IOCM, Gysemans C, Di Pietro C, Voshol PJ, Mathieu C, Ectors N, Van de Ven WJM, Verfaillie CM. Increased beta-cell mass by islet transplantation and PLAG1 overexpression causes hyperinsulinemic normoglycemia and hepatic insulin resistance in mice. Diabetes 2010; 59:1957-65. [PMID: 20522588 PMCID: PMC2911055 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is believed that an organism remains normoglycemic despite an increase in the beta-cell mass because of decreased insulin production by beta-cells on a per-cell basis. However, some transgenic mouse models with beta-cell hyperplasia suggest that insulin production remains excessive and that normoglycemia is maintained by insulin resistance. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of an increased beta-cell mass on glycemia and insulin resistance by grafting excess normal islets in normoglycemic mice, as well as using targeted PLAG1 expression in beta-cells, which leads to beta-cell expansion. RESULTS In both models, fasting plasma insulin levels were increased, even though animals were normoglycemic. After an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin levels increased, which was associated with improved glucose clearing. Under these conditions, normoglycemia is maintained by hepatic insulin resistance as demonstrated by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiments. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrate that when excess beta-cells are grafted, insulin production on a per beta-cell basis is not sufficiently decreased, leading to hyperinsulinemia and hepatic insulin resistance. This observation might be important for the design of stem cell-based islet replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Declercq
- Stamcel Instituut, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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miRNA deregulation by epigenetic silencing disrupts suppression of the oncogene PLAG1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2009; 114:3255-64. [PMID: 19692702 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-229898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) play a key role in cellular regulation and, if deregulated, in the development of neoplastic disorders including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). RNAs from primary cells of 50 treatment-naive CLL patients and peripheral B cells of 14 healthy donors were applied to miRNA expression profiling using bead chip technology. In CLL cells, a set of 7 up- and 19 down-regulated miRNAs was identified. Among the miRNAs down-regulated in CLL cells, 6 of 10 miRNA promoters examined showed gain of methylation compared with normal B-cell controls. Subsequent target prediction of deregulated miRNAs revealed a highly significant binding prediction at the 3' untranslated region of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) oncogene. Luciferase reporter assays including site-directed mutagenesis of binding sites revealed a significant regulation of PLAG1 by miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-107, and miR-424. Although expression of PLAG1 mRNA was not affected, PLAG1 protein expression was shown to be significantly elevated in CLL cells compared with the levels in healthy donor B cells. In summary, we could demonstrate disruption of miRNA-mediated translational control, partly due to epigenetic transcriptional silencing of miRNAs, with subsequent overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor PLAG1 as a putative novel mechanism of CLL pathogenesis.
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