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Atjanasuppat K, Lirdprapamongkol K, Jantaree P, Svasti J. Non-adherent culture induces paclitaxel resistance in H460 lung cancer cells via ERK-mediated up-regulation of βIVa-tubulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:493-8. [PMID: 26375501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastasizing epithelial cancer cells that adapt to survive when floating in bloodstream during metastasis. This condition can be mimicked in vitro by using non-adherent cell culture. The chemosensitivity of CTCs appears to correlate with the response of metastatic cancer patients to therapy, but chemoresistance is also frequently observed in advanced stage cancer patients, who have never previously received chemotherapy. We hypothesize that adaptation of epithelial cancer cells to become floating CTCs could lead to development of chemoresistance. Here, we explore whether chemoresistance is induced in epithelial cancer cells when cultured under non-adherent conditions. Increased paclitaxel-specific resistance was observed in floating cells compared to attached cells in H460, MCF-7, and HepG2 human cancer cell lines, by 15.6-, 3.9-, and 2.6-fold increases in IC50 values, respectively. qRT-PCR analysis showed that a paclitaxel-resistant β-tubulin isotype, βIVa-tubulin, was the most up-regulated gene compared with other β-tubulin isotypes in H460 floating cells, concomitant with elevated ERK activation. ERK inhibitor treatment could attenuate the up-regulation of βIVa-tubulin, and decreased the paclitaxel resistance of H460 floating cells, even though other β-tubulin isotypes were up-regulated when the ERK activation was blocked. In conclusion, we show induction of paclitaxel resistance in epithelial cancer cells, when floating in non-adherent culture, and this might occur with CTCs of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korakot Atjanasuppat
- Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriengsak Lirdprapamongkol
- Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Phatcharida Jantaree
- Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Abdallah EA, Fanelli MF, Buim MEC, Machado Netto MC, Gasparini Junior JL, Souza E Silva V, Dettino ALA, Mingues NB, Romero JV, Ocea LMM, Rocha BMM, Alves VS, Araújo DV, Chinen LTD. Thymidylate synthase expression in circulating tumor cells: a new tool to predict 5-fluorouracil resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1397-405. [PMID: 25721610 PMCID: PMC6680263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme for 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The search for this enzyme in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be a powerful tool to follow‐up cancer patients. mCRC patients were enrolled before the beginning of 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy. The blood was filtered on Isolation by Size of Epithelial Tumor Cells (ISET), and the analysis of TYMS expression in CTCs was made by immunocytochemistry. Additionally, we verified TYMS staining in primary tumors and metastases from the same patients. There were included 54 mCRC patients and 47 of them received 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy. The median CTCs number was 2 per mL. We were not able to analyze immunocytochemistry in 13 samples (9 patients with absence of CTCs and 4 samples due to technical reasons). Therefore, TYMS expression on CTCs was analyzed in 34 samples and was found positive in 9 (26.5%). Six of these patients had tumor progression after treatment with 5‐FU. We found an association between CTC TYMS staining and disease progression (DP), although without statistical significance (P = 0.07). TYMS staining in primary tumors and metastases tissues did not have any correlation with disease progression (P = 0.67 and P = 0.42 respectively). Patients who had CTC count above the median (2 CTCs/mL) showed more TYMS expression (P = 0.02) correlating with worse prognosis. Our results searching for TYMS staining in CTCs, primary tumors and metastases suggest that the analysis of TYMS can be useful tool as a 5‐FU resistance predictor biomarker if analyzed in CTCs from mCRC patients. What's new? Currently, the common treatment strategy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients is 5‐Fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy, which shows high efficacy in a subset of patients. Even those patients, however, can experience disease progression due to 5‐FU resistance. There are indications that the DNA replication and repair enzyme thymidylate synthase (TYMS) may be involved. Here, the authors set to measure circulating tumor cells levels and search for TYMS staining to correlate these findings with clinical outcome. The results suggest that circulating tumor cells represent a powerful tool to follow up 5‐FU resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer patients in real time, by TYMS expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emne Ali Abdallah
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil
| | | | - Marcilei Eliza Cavicchioli Buim
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil.,Department of Health, Universidade Nove De Julho, São Paulo, SP 01156 050, Brazil
| | | | | | - Virgílio Souza E Silva
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Breve Mingues
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil
| | - Juliana Valim Romero
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Silva Alves
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01508 010, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vilarim Araújo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509 010, Brazil
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Grisanti S, Almici C, Consoli F, Buglione M, Verardi R, Bolzoni-Villaret A, Bianchetti A, Ciccarese C, Mangoni M, Ferrari L, Biti G, Marini M, Ferrari VD, Nicolai P, Magrini SM, Berruti A. Circulating tumor cells in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck carcinoma: prognostic and predictive significance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103918. [PMID: 25105871 PMCID: PMC4126745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the frequency of detection and the prognostic and predictive significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck carcinoma (HNC) before starting systemic therapy. Patients and methods Using the CellSearch technology, CTCs were assessed prospectively in peripheral blood of 53 R/M-HNC patients. We performed spiking experiments to test the diagnostic performance of the CellSearch platform in identifying squamous carcinoma cells. Results CTCs were identified in 14 (26%) and 22 (41%) patients at baseline and at any time point, respectively. In univariate analysis ≥2 CTCs had a poorer prognostic role than 0–1 CTC. In multivariate analysis, the presence of one CTC or more was associated with a poor prognosis both in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) [Hazard Ratio (HR): 3.068, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53–6.13, p 0.002] and overall survival (OS) [HR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.48–6.0, p 0.002]. A disease control after systemic therapy was obtained in 8% of CTC-positive patients as opposed to 45% in CTC-negative ones (p 0.03). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression was identified in 45% of CTC-positive patients. Discussion In conclusion, CTCs are detected in one out of three patients with RM-HNC. CTC detection is a strong prognostic parameter and may be predictive of treatment efficacy. The frequency of EGFR expression in CTCs seems to be lower than that expected in the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Camillo Almici
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cell Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Buglione
- Radiation Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Verardi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cell Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bolzoni-Villaret
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianchetti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cell Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Mangoni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Biti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cell Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio D. Ferrari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano M. Magrini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Fifth Educational Symposium of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group: report on the Molecular Biology Workshop. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:535-43. [PMID: 21616552 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients present with locally advanced (35%) or metastatic disease (40%); in this setting, it is of the utmost importance to balance efficacy with toxicity. However, with platinum combinations, survival has reached a "plateau", with median overall survival times of a mere 10-12 months, making it mandatory to search for new strategies and to identify more effective treatment. Molecular characteristics can be more informative than clinical features in predicting clinical benefit, and the identification of molecular markers can help define subgroups of patients who are likely to respond to different treatments, thus avoiding unnecessary toxicities and costs and providing the maximum benefit to each patient. Here we review research on biomarker assessment that was presented during the Molecular Biology Workshop held in Palma de Mallorca on 25 November 2010, during the Fifth Educational Symposium of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group.
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Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, Petracca A, Nicolazzo C, Raimondi C, Iacovelli R, Naso G, Cortesi E. Molecular markers in circulating tumour cells from metastatic colorectal cancer patients. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2073-7. [PMID: 20597995 PMCID: PMC3822998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic cancer patients is still largely affected by treatment failure, mainly due to drug resistance. The hypothesis that chemotherapy might miss circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and particularly a subpopulation of more aggressive, stem-like CTCs, characterized by multidrug resistance, has been recently raised. We investigated the prognostic value of drug resistance and stemness markers in CTCs from metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) based regimens. Forty patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were enrolled. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood and analysed for the expression of aldheyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, CD133 (used as markers of stemness), multidrug resistance related protein 5 (MRP5 used as marker of resistance to 5-FU and L-OHP) and survivin (used as a marker of apoptosis resistance). CTCs were found in 27/40 (67%) patients. No correlation was found between the expression of either CD44 and CD133 in CTCs and the outcome of patients, while a statistically significant shorter progression-free survival was found in patients with CTCs positive for the expression of ALDH1, survivin and MRP5. These results support the idea that isolating survivin and MRP5+ CTCs may help in the selection of metastatic colorectal cancer patients resistant to standard 5-FU and L-OHP based chemotherapy, for which alternative regimens may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gazzaniga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Gradilone A, Naso G, Raimondi C, Cortesi E, Gandini O, Vincenzi B, Saltarelli R, Chiapparino E, Spremberg F, Cristofanilli M, Frati L, Aglianò A, Gazzaniga P. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC): prognosis, drug resistance and phenotypic characterization. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:86-92. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Gazzaniga P, Naso G, Gradilone A, Cortesi E, Gandini O, Gianni W, Fabbri MA, Vincenzi B, di Silverio F, Frati L, Aglianò AM, Cristofanilli M. Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating cancer cells: prognostic and predictive value in epithelial tumors. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2437-47. [PMID: 19821489 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic value associated with the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer by the CellSearch technology raise additional issues regarding the biological value of this information. We postulated that a drug-resistance profile of CTCs may predict response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and therefore could be used for patient selection. One hundred 5 patients with diagnosis of carcinoma were enrolled in a prospective trial. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood, and positive samples were evaluated for the expression of a panel of genes involved in anticancer drugs resistance. The drug-resistance profile was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS; patients in adjuvant setting) and time to progression (TTP; metastatic patients) in a 24-months follow-up. Objective response correlation was a secondary end point. Fifty-one percent of patients were found positive for CTCs while all blood samples from healthy donors were negative. The drug-resistance profile correlates with DFS and TTP (p < 0.001 in both). Sensitivity of the test: able to predict treatment response in 98% of patients. Specificity of the test: 100%; no sample from healthy subject was positive for the presence of CTCs. Positive and negative predictive values were found to be 96.5 and 100%, respectively. We identified a drug-resistance profile of CTCs, which is predictive of response to chemotherapy, independent of tumor type and stage of disease. This approach may represent a first step toward the individualization of chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma, Italy.
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Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, de Berardinis E, Sciarra A, Cristini C, Naso G, di Silverio F, Frati L, Aglianò AM. A chemosensitivity test to individualize intravesical treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int 2009; 104:184-8. [PMID: 19154503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the design of a new chemosensitivity assay based on the expression of genes involved in the resistance to standard intravesical regimens, to allow individualization of therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS To date, 35 patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer have been enrolled, all candidates for transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) followed by intravesical treatment. The intravesical regimen was chosen according to the risk profile of each patient. All patients were evaluated by cystoscopy 3 and 6 months after TURB. According to the molecular characterization of each tumour, our team of molecular oncologists determined for each patient a molecular profile of chemosensitivity to BCG, mitomycin c, anthracyclines and gemcitabine. This profile was then correlated to the response to intravesical therapy 6 months after TURB. RESULTS This chemosensitivity test was able to predict response to treatment in 96% of patients. The assay is easy to perform, inexpensive and quick. CONCLUSION Our results, although preliminary, are encouraging for the future of an individualized therapeutic approach, with the aim to provide a higher treatment success rate while sparing patients unnecessary toxicity from drugs that are not suited for their tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gazzaniga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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