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Sadat Abolmaali S, Zarenejad S, Mohebi Y, Najafi H, Javanmardi S, Abedi M, Mohammad Tamaddon A. Biotin receptor-targeting nanogels loaded with methotrexate for enhanced antitumor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and in vivo models. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122049. [PMID: 35878871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapeutic applications confront drug specificity and pharmacokinetic challenges, which can be overcome by utilizing targeted drug delivery systems. In the present study, biotin-PEG conjugated nanogels of carboxymethyl polyethyleneimine (Biotin-PEG-CMPEI) were developed for active targeted delivery of MTX in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TEM and DLS analyses revealed uniform, discrete, and spherical particles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of about 100 nm and ζ-potential of + 15 mV (pH = 7.4). Biotin-PEG-CMPEI nanogels exhibited a zero-order MTX release kinetics at pH = 7.5 and a swelling-controlled release at pH = 5.5. In 4 T1 cells treated with the MTX-loaded Biotin-PEG-CMPEI, the IC50 was reduced by about 10 folds compared to the free drug, while the unloaded nanogels showed no significant toxicity. In the model mice, the group treated with the MTX-loaded Biotin-PEG-CMPEI had a lower tumor volume and mortality rate animal model when compared to free drug. Additionally, histopathological analyses showed that the group treated with the MTX-loaded nanogels had less lung metastasis and glomerular damage caused by MTX. Overall, the MTX-loaded Biotin-PEG-CMPEI targeted directly against overexpressed biotin receptors in TNBC have been shown to improve the MTX safety and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Zarenejad
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Younes Mohebi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Sanaz Javanmardi
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
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2
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Sarogni P, Mapanao AK, Gonnelli A, Ermini ML, Marchetti S, Kusmic C, Paiar F, Voliani V. Chorioallantoic membrane tumor models highlight the effects of cisplatin compounds in oral carcinoma treatment. iScience 2022; 25:103980. [PMID: 35310338 PMCID: PMC8924639 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) suggests the use of chemotherapy as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and concomitant to surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of oral carcinoma by depending on the cancer stage. The usual drug of choice belongs to the platinum compounds. In this context, the evaluation of the cancer behavior associated with the administration of standard or emerging cisplatin compounds supports the establishment of optimal cancer management. Here, we have assessed and compared the performance of cisplatin alone and contained in biodegradable nanocapsules on standardized chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor models. The vascularized environment and optimized grafting procedure allowed the establishment of solid tumors. The treatments showed antitumor and anti-angiogenic activities together with deregulation of pivotal genes responsible of treatment resistance and tumor aggressiveness. This study further supports the significance of CAM tumor models in oncological research for the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Sarogni
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
- NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gonnelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ermini
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Marchetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paiar
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Flores RE, Brown AK, Taus L, Khoury J, Glover F, Kami K, Sarangarajan R, Walshe TE, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Shelton LM, Chinopoulos C, Seyfried TN. Mycoplasma infection and hypoxia initiate succinate accumulation and release in the VM-M3 cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:975-983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Taus LJ, Flores RE, Seyfried TN. Quantification of metastatic load in a syngeneic murine model of metastasis. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:56-62. [PMID: 28729049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is an established method for evaluating metastatic load in preclinical cancer models; however, BLI can produce observational error due to differences in substrate concentration and signal depth. In our syngeneic murine model of metastasis (VM-M3), we used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method of DNA quantification to bypass these limitations. Liver, spleen, and brain from VM/Dk (VM) mice bearing VM-M3 tumor cells were first imaged ex vivo with BLI. qPCR quantification of tumor cell DNA was then performed on DNA extracted from these organs. Linear regression indicated that qPCR data predicted BLI data in solid tissue. Furthermore, the tumor cell detection limit was lower for qPCR analysis than for BLI analysis. In order to validate qPCR for use in detecting blood metastases, qPCR quantification was performed on whole blood collected from mice whose global organ metastatic load (summation of liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and brain) was quantified through BLI. Linear regression indicated that qPCR data in blood predicted BLI data in solid tissue. The results demonstrate that qPCR is an accurate and sensitive method of metastatic quantification in syngeneic murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Taus
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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5
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Seyfried TN, Yu G, Maroon JC, D'Agostino DP. Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:19. [PMID: 28250801 PMCID: PMC5324220 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift from respiration to fermentation is a common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, glucose and glutamine become the prime fuels for driving the dysregulated growth of tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of "Press-Pulse" disturbances was considered the mechanism responsible for reduction of organic populations during prior evolutionary epochs. Press disturbances produce chronic stress, while pulse disturbances produce acute stress on populations. It was only when both disturbances coincide that population reduction occurred. METHODS This general concept can be applied to the management of cancer by creating chronic metabolic stresses on tumor cell energy metabolism (press disturbance) that are coupled to a series of acute metabolic stressors that restrict glucose and glutamine availability while also stimulating cancer-specific oxidative stress (pulse disturbances). The elevation of non-fermentable ketone bodies protect normal cells from energy stress while further enhancing energy stress in tumor cells that lack the metabolic flexibility to use ketones as an efficient energy source. Mitochondrial abnormalities and genetic mutations make tumor cells vulnerable metabolic stress. RESULTS The press-pulse therapeutic strategy for cancer management is illustrated with calorie restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R) used together with drugs and procedures that create both chronic and intermittent acute stress on tumor cell energy metabolism, while protecting and enhancing the energy metabolism of normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Optimization of dosing, timing, and scheduling of the press-pulse therapeutic strategy will facilitate the eradication of tumor cells with minimal patient toxicity. This therapeutic strategy can be used as a framework for the design of clinical trials for the non-toxic management of most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Yu
- George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC, and Aegis Medical & Research Associates Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite 5C, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
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6
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Bradley RM, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Influence of tissue, diet, and enzymatic remodeling on cardiolipin fatty acyl profile. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1804-18. [PMID: 27061349 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a specialized phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of its unique dimeric structure, cardiolipin plays an important role in mitochondrial function, stability, and membrane fluidity. As such, cardiolipin is subject to a high degree of remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases that create a fatty acyl profile that tends to be highly tissue-specific. Despite this overarching regulation, the molecular species of cardiolipin produced are also influenced by dietary lipid composition. A number of studies have characterized the tissue-specific profile of cardiolipin species and have investigated the specific nature of cardiolipin remodeling, including the role of both enzymes and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight tissue specific differences in cardiolipin composition and, collectively, the enzymatic and dietary factors that contribute to these differences. Consequences of aberrant cardiolipin fatty acyl remodeling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bradley
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Poff AM, Ward N, Seyfried TN, Arnold P, D’Agostino DP. Non-Toxic Metabolic Management of Metastatic Cancer in VM Mice: Novel Combination of Ketogenic Diet, Ketone Supplementation, and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127407. [PMID: 26061868 PMCID: PMC4464523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect and tumor hypoxia underlie a unique cancer metabolic phenotype characterized by glucose dependency and aerobic fermentation. We previously showed that two non-toxic metabolic therapies - the ketogenic diet with concurrent hyperbaric oxygen (KD+HBOT) and dietary ketone supplementation - could increase survival time in the VM-M3 mouse model of metastatic cancer. We hypothesized that combining these therapies could provide an even greater therapeutic benefit in this model. Mice receiving the combination therapy demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor growth rate and metastatic spread, and lived twice as long as control animals. To further understand the effects of these metabolic therapies, we characterized the effects of high glucose (control), low glucose (LG), ketone supplementation (βHB), hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT), or combination therapy (LG+βHB+HBOT) on VM-M3 cells. Individually and combined, these metabolic therapies significantly decreased VM-M3 cell proliferation and viability. HBOT, alone or in combination with LG and βHB, increased ROS production in VM-M3 cells. This study strongly supports further investigation into this metabolic therapy as a potential non-toxic treatment for late-stage metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - N. Ward
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - T. N. Seyfried
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - P. Arnold
- Savind, Inc. Seymour, Illinois, United States of America
| | - D. P. D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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8
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Wang S, Ma S, Li X, Xue Z, Zhang X, Fan W, Nie Y, Wu K, Chen X, Cao F. Attenuation of lung cancer stem cell tumorigenesis and metastasis by cisplatin. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:404-414. [PMID: 25153512 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.938201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of cisplatin on the growth and metastasis abilities of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) via molecular imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression changes of lung CSCs cell marker in A549-Luc-C8 human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line with or without cisplatin treatment were detected by flow cytometry. The tumorigenesis and metastasis abilities of A549-Luc-C8 cells were monitored both in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanism was assessed by gene sequencing. RESULTS About 1%-2% of CSCs were detected in A549-Luc-C8 cells and decreased CSCs percentage was observed after cisplatin treatment. Attenuated tumorigenesis and metastasis abilities of A549-Luc-C8 cells were found in cisplatin treated group. CONCLUSIONS Decreased percentage of CSCs in A549-Luc-C8 cells can be induced by cisplatin treatment, which may partly be attributed to the attenuated expression of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxu Wang
- Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Cardiology Department, No. 150 Hospital of PLA, LuoYang, Henan, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengfu Xue
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Poff AM, Ari C, Arnold P, Seyfried TN, D'Agostino DP. Ketone supplementation decreases tumor cell viability and prolongs survival of mice with metastatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1711-20. [PMID: 24615175 PMCID: PMC4235292 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells express an abnormal metabolism characterized by increased glucose consumption owing to genetic mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies indicate that unlike healthy tissues, cancer cells are unable to effectively use ketone bodies for energy. Furthermore, ketones inhibit the proliferation and viability of cultured tumor cells. As the Warburg effect is especially prominent in metastatic cells, we hypothesized that dietary ketone supplementation would inhibit metastatic cancer progression in vivo. Proliferation and viability were measured in the highly metastatic VM-M3 cells cultured in the presence and absence of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB). Adult male inbred VM mice were implanted subcutaneously with firefly luciferase-tagged syngeneic VM-M3 cells. Mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with either 1,3-butanediol (BD) or a ketone ester (KE), which are metabolized to the ketone bodies βHB and acetoacetate. Tumor growth was monitored by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Survival time, tumor growth rate, blood glucose, blood βHB and body weight were measured throughout the survival study. Ketone supplementation decreased proliferation and viability of the VM-M3 cells grown in vitro, even in the presence of high glucose. Dietary ketone supplementation with BD and KE prolonged survival in VM-M3 mice with systemic metastatic cancer by 51 and 69%, respectively (p < 0.05). Ketone administration elicited anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo independent of glucose levels or calorie restriction. The use of supplemental ketone precursors as a cancer treatment should be further investigated in animal models to determine potential for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, Hyperbaric Biomedical Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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10
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Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Nimri L, Tarnovscki T, Kirshtein B, Rudich A, Schwartz B. Secreted human adipose leptin decreases mitochondrial respiration in HCT116 colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74843. [PMID: 24073224 PMCID: PMC3779244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of colon cancer; however, the endocrine/paracrine/metabolic networks mediating this connection are poorly understood. Here we hypothesize that obesity results in secreted products from adipose tissue that induce malignancy-related metabolic alterations in colon cancer cells. Human HCT116 colon cancer cells, were exposed to conditioned media from cultured human adipose tissue fragments of obese vs. non-obese subjects. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR, mostly mitochondrial respiration) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, mostly lactate production via glycolysis) were examined vis-à-vis cell viability and expression of related genes and proteins. Our results show that conditioned media from obese (vs. non-obese) subjects decreased basal (40%, p<0.05) and maximal (50%, p<0.05) OCR and gene expression of mitochondrial proteins and Bax without affecting cell viability or expression of glycolytic enzymes. Similar changes could be recapitulated by incubating cells with leptin, whereas, leptin-receptor specific antagonist inhibited the reduced OCR induced by conditioned media from obese subjects. We conclude that secreted products from the adipose tissue of obese subjects inhibit mitochondrial respiration and function in HCT116 colon cancer cells, an effect that is at least partly mediated by leptin. These results highlight a putative novel mechanism for obesity-associated risk of gastrointestinal malignancies, and suggest potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: ; (BS)
| | - Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tanya Tarnovscki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris Kirshtein
- Department of Surgery A, Soroka Academic Medical Center, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: ; (BS)
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11
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Poff AM, Ari C, Seyfried TN, D'Agostino DP. The ketogenic diet and hyperbaric oxygen therapy prolong survival in mice with systemic metastatic cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65522. [PMID: 23755243 PMCID: PMC3673985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal cancer metabolism creates a glycolytic-dependency which can be exploited by lowering glucose availability to the tumor. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low carbohydrate, high fat diet which decreases blood glucose and elevates blood ketones and has been shown to slow cancer progression in animals and humans. Abnormal tumor vasculature creates hypoxic pockets which promote cancer progression and further increase the glycolytic-dependency of cancers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2T) saturates tumors with oxygen, reversing the cancer promoting effects of tumor hypoxia. Since these non-toxic therapies exploit overlapping metabolic deficiencies of cancer, we tested their combined effects on cancer progression in a natural model of metastatic disease. Methods We used the firefly luciferase-tagged VM-M3 mouse model of metastatic cancer to compare tumor progression and survival in mice fed standard or KD ad libitum with or without HBO2T (2.5 ATM absolute, 90 min, 3x/week). Tumor growth was monitored by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Results KD alone significantly decreased blood glucose, slowed tumor growth, and increased mean survival time by 56.7% in mice with systemic metastatic cancer. While HBO2T alone did not influence cancer progression, combining the KD with HBO2T elicited a significant decrease in blood glucose, tumor growth rate, and 77.9% increase in mean survival time compared to controls. Conclusions KD and HBO2T produce significant anti-cancer effects when combined in a natural model of systemic metastatic cancer. Our evidence suggests that these therapies should be further investigated as potential non-toxic treatments or adjuvant therapies to standard care for patients with systemic metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
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Abstract
Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and to distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. In order to complete the metastatic cascade, cancer cells must detach from the primary tumor, intravasate into the circulatory and lymphatic systems, evade immune attack, extravasate at distant capillary beds, and invade and proliferate in distant organs. Currently, several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origin of cancer metastasis. These involve an epithelial mesenchymal transition, an accumulation of mutations in stem cells, a macrophage facilitation process, and a macrophage origin involving either transformation or fusion hybridization with neoplastic cells. Many of the properties of metastatic cancer cells are also seen in normal macrophages. A macrophage origin of metastasis can also explain the long-standing "seed and soil" hypothesis and the absence of metastasis in plant cancers. The view of metastasis as a macrophage metabolic disease can provide novel insight for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Seyfried
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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13
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Strelko CL, Lu W, Dufort FJ, Seyfried TN, Chiles TC, Rabinowitz JD, Roberts MF. Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16386-9. [PMID: 21919507 DOI: 10.1021/ja2070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Itaconic acid (ITA), or methylenesuccinic acid, is not generally classified as a mammalian metabolite. Using NMR-based metabolomics and (13)C-labeling, we have detected ITA in both macrophage-like VM-M3 and RAW 264.7 tumor cell lines as well as stimulated and unstimulated primary murine macrophages. Macrophage activation by addition of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ markedly increased ITA production and secretion. Crude cell extracts synthesize ITA via decarboxylation of cis-aconitate, indicative of a novel mammalian cis-aconitic decarboxylase activity. Our results highlight a previously unidentified biosynthetic pathway related to TCA cycle metabolism in mammalian cells and a novel metabolite that likely plays a role in macrophage-based immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Strelko
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Abstract
Most malignant brain tumours contain various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. These cells are generally considered part of the tumour stroma and are often described as TAM (tumour-associated macrophages). These types of cells are thought to either enhance or inhibit brain tumour progression. Recent evidence indicates that neoplastic cells with macrophage characteristics are found in numerous metastatic cancers of non-CNS (central nervous system) origin. Evidence is presented here suggesting that subpopulations of cells within human gliomas, specifically GBM (glioblastoma multiforme), are neoplastic macrophages/microglia. These cells are thought to arise following mitochondrial damage in fusion hybrids between neoplastic stem cells and macrophages/microglia.
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that many metastatic cancers arise from cells of the myeloid/macrophage lineage regardless of the primary tissue of origin. A myeloid origin of metastatic cancer stands apart from origins involving clonal evolution or epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Evidence is reviewed demonstrating that numerous human cancers express multiple properties of macrophages including phagocytosis, fusogenicity, and gene/protein expression. It is unlikely that the macrophage properties expressed in metastatic cancers arise from sporadic random mutations in epithelial cells, but rather from damage to an already existing mesenchymal cell, e.g., a myeloid/macrophage-type cell. Such cells would naturally embody the capacity to express the multiple behaviors of metastatic cells. The view of metastasis as a myeloid/macrophage disease will impact future cancer research and anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne C. Huysentruyt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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16
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Shelton LM, Huysentruyt LC, Seyfried TN. Glutamine targeting inhibits systemic metastasis in the VM-M3 murine tumor model. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2478-85. [PMID: 20473919 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic options consist of chemotherapy, radiation or targeted therapies. However, these therapies are often toxic, effective over a small range of cancer types or result in drug resistance. Therefore, a more global, less toxic strategy for the management of metastatic cancer is required. Although most cancers display increased glucose metabolism, glutamine is also a major energy substrate for many cancers. We evaluated the antimetastatic potential of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine analog, using the new VM mouse model of systemic metastasis. We found that primary tumor growth was ∼20-fold less in DON-treated mice than in untreated control mice. We also found that DON treatment inhibited metastasis to liver, lung and kidney as detected by bioluminescence imaging and histology. Our findings provide proof of concept that metabolic therapies targeting glutamine metabolism can manage systemic metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Shelton
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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17
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Bugelski PJ, Volk A, Walker MR, Krayer JH, Martin P, Descotes J. Critical Review of Preclinical Approaches to Evaluate the Potential of Immunosuppressive Drugs to Influence Human Neoplasia. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:435-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810374654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many immunosuppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of B-cell lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Thirteen immunosuppressive drugs have been tested in 2-year carcinogenicity studies (abatacept; azathioprine; busulfan; cyclophosphamide; cyclosporine; dexamethasone; everolimus; leflunomide; methotrexate; mycophenolate mofetil; prednisone; sirolimus; and tacrolimus) and in additional models including neonatal and genetically modified mice; chemical, viral, ultraviolet, and ionizing radiation co-carcinogenesis, and in models with transplanted tumor cells. The purpose of this review is to outline the mechanisms by which immunosuppressive drugs can influence neoplasia, to summarize the available preclinical data on the 13 drugs, and to critically review the performance of the models. A combination of primary tumor and metastasis assays conducted with transplanted cells may provide the highest value for hazard identification and can be applied on a case-by-case basis. However, for both small molecules and therapeutic proteins, determining the relative risk to patients from preclinical data remains problematic. Classifying immunosuppressive drugs based on their mechanism of action and hazard identification from preclinical studies and a prospective pharmacovigilance program to monitor carcinogenic risk may be a feasible way to manage patient safety during the clinical development program and postmarketing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Volk
- Biologics Toxicology, Centocor R&D, Radnor, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Descotes
- Centre Antipoison–Centre de Pharmacovigilance, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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18
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Seyfried TN, Shelton LM. Cancer as a metabolic disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:7. [PMID: 20181022 PMCID: PMC2845135 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.
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Shelton LM, Mukherjee P, Huysentruyt LC, Urits I, Rosenberg JA, Seyfried TN. A novel pre-clinical in vivo mouse model for malignant brain tumor growth and invasion. J Neurooncol 2010; 99:165-76. [PMID: 20069342 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressive disease of morbidity and mortality and is the most common form of primary brain cancer in adults. Lack of appropriate in vivo models has been a major roadblock to developing effective therapies for GBM. A new highly invasive in vivo GBM model is described that was derived from a spontaneous brain tumor (VM-M3) in the VM mouse strain. Highly invasive tumor cells could be identified histologically on the hemisphere contralateral to the hemisphere implanted with tumor cells or tissue. Tumor cells were highly expressive for the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the proliferation marker Ki-67 and could be identified invading through the pia mater, the vascular system, the ventricular system, around neurons, and over white matter tracts including the corpus callosum. In addition, the brain tumor cells were labeled with the firefly luciferase gene, allowing for non-invasive detection and quantitation through bioluminescent imaging. The VM-M3 tumor has a short incubation time with mortality occurring in 100% of the animals within approximately 15 days. The VM-M3 brain tumor model therefore can be used in a pre-clinical setting for the rapid evaluation of novel anti-invasive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Shelton
- Boston College, Higgins Hall 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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20
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Huysentruyt LC, McGrath MS. The role of macrophages in the development and progression of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:627-32. [PMID: 20042471 PMCID: PMC2858304 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0809564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite HAART, patients infected with HIV develop NHL at a significantly higher level than the noninfected population. The primary difference between lymphoma in non-HIV-infected individuals and those with ARL is that ARL is consistently high-grade and metastatic. The emergence of ARL is associated with the presence of macrophage viral reservoirs, similar to what has been observed for HAD. HIV-infected macrophages, as seen by histology and HIV p24 staining, are present in approximately half of ARLs. Macrophage reservoirs recruit additional immune cells, including monocytes/macrophages, through the release of chemoattractants. Additionally, TAM are known to promote tumor progression for most cancer types, including lymphomas. This review will highlight and discuss the role of macrophage viral reservoirs in the development and progression of ARLs and hopefully, shed light on this new and interesting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne C Huysentruyt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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