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Bai R, Smith AB, Pettit GR, Hamel E. The interaction of spongistatin 1 with tubulin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109296. [PMID: 35594923 PMCID: PMC10062379 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A tritiated derivative of the sponge-derived natural product spongistatin 1 was prepared, and its interactions with tubulin were examined. [3H]Spongistatin 1 was found to bind rapidly to tubulin at a single site (the low specific activity of the [3H]spongistatin 1, 0.75 Ci/mmol, prevented our defining an association rate), and the inability of spongistatin 1 to cause an aberrant assembly reaction was confirmed. Spongistatin 1 bound to tubulin very tightly, and we could detect no significant dissociation reaction from tubulin. The tubulin-[3H]spongistatin 1 complex did dissociate in 8 M urea, so there was no evidence for covalent bond formation. Apparent KD values were obtained by Scatchard analysis of binding data and by Hummel-Dreyer chromatography (3.5 and 1.1 μM, respectively). The effects of a large cohort of vinca domain drugs on the binding of [3H]spongistatin 1 to tubulin were evaluated. Compounds that did not cause aberrant assembly reactions (halichondrin B, eribulin, maytansine, and rhizoxin) caused little inhibition of [3H]spongistatin 1 binding. Little inhibition also occurred with the peptides dolastatin 15, its active pentapeptide derivative, vitilevuamide, or diazonamide A, nor with the vinca alkaloid vinblastine. Strong inhibition was observed with dolastatin 10, hemiasterlin, and cryptophycin 1, all of which cause aberrant assembly reactions that might actually mask the spongistatin 1 binding site. Spongistatin 5 was found to be a competitive inhibitor of [3H]spongistatin 1 binding, with an apparent Ki of 2.2 μM. We propose that the strong picomolar cytotoxicity of spongistatin 1 probably derives from its extremely tight binding to tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch (RB, EH), Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - George R Pettit
- Laboratory for Discovery of Anti-Cancer and Anti-Infective Drugs, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch (RB, EH), Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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2
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Chaudhry GES, Md Akim A, Sung YY, Sifzizul TMT. Cancer and apoptosis: The apoptotic activity of plant and marine natural products and their potential as targeted cancer therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842376. [PMID: 36034846 PMCID: PMC9399632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial, multi-stage disease, including complex cascades of signaling pathways—the cell growth governed by dysregulated and abrupt cell division. Due to the complexity and multi-regulatory cancer progression, cancer is still a challenging disease to treat and survive. The screening of extracts and fractions from plants and marine species might lead to the discovery of more effective compounds for cancer therapeutics. The isolated compounds and reformed analogs were known as future prospective contenders for anti-cancer chemotherapy. For example, Taxol, a potent mitotic inhibitor discovered from Taxus brevifolia, suppresses cell growth and arrest, induces apoptosis, and inhibits proliferation. Similarly, marine sponges show remarkable tumor chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic potential. However, there is limited research to date. Several plants and marine-derived anti-cancer compounds having the property to induce apoptosis have been approved for clinical trials. The anti-cancer activity kills the cell and slows the growth of cancer cells. Among cell death mechanisms, apoptosis induction is a more profound mechanism of cell death triggered by naturally isolated anti-cancer agents. Evading apoptosis is the major hurdle in killing cancer cells, a mechanism mainly regulated as intrinsic and extrinsic. However, it is possible to modify the apoptosis-resistant phenotype of the cell by altering many of these mechanisms. Various extracts and fractions successfully induce apoptosis, cell-cycle modulation, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative activity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop new anti-cancer drugs of natural origins to reduce the effects on normal cells. Here, we’ve emphasized the most critical elements: i) A better understanding of cancer progression and development and its origins, ii) Molecular strategies to inhibit the cell proliferation/Carcino-genesis, iii) Critical regulators of cancer cell proliferation and development, iv) Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis: Potential Targets for targeted therapeutics, v) Why Apoptosis induction is mandatory for effective chemotherapy, vi) Plants extracts/fractions as potential apoptotic inducers, vii) Marine extracts as Apoptotic inducers, viii) Marine isolated Targeted compounds as Apoptotic inducers (FDA Approved/treatment Phase). This study provides a potential therapeutic option for cancer, although more clinical studies are needed to verify its efficacy in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry, ,
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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3
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Guzmán EA. Regulated Cell Death Signaling Pathways and Marine Natural Products That Target Them. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020076. [PMID: 30678065 PMCID: PMC6410226 DOI: 10.3390/md17020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of cell death used to consist in necrosis, an unregulated form, and apoptosis, regulated cell death. That understanding expanded to acknowledge that apoptosis happens through the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways. Actually, many other regulated cell death processes exist, including necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. We also understand that apoptosis occurs beyond the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways with caspase independent forms of apoptosis existing. Our knowledge of the signaling continues to grow, and with that, so does our ability to target different parts of the pathways with small molecules. Marine natural products co-evolve with their targets, and these unique molecules have complex structures with exquisite biological activities and specificities. This article offers a review of our current understanding of the signaling pathways regulating cell death, and highlights marine natural products that can affect these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Guzmán
- Marine Biomedical and Biotechnology Research, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.
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Wang X, Hamann MT. Marine natural products in the discovery and development of potential pancreatic cancer therapeutics. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:299-314. [PMID: 31349901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer one of the most deadly cancers and is an increasingly significant concern for global health. The death rates for pancreatic cancer have changed little over time, even with recent expansions of first-line drugs to treat pancreatic cancer there has been little improvement in patient prognosis. Any improvements in treatment strategies will come as a much-needed reprieve to patients diagnosed with this uniquely-challenging disease. Greater attention is needed regarding the identification and development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies with unique mechanisms of action. The marine environment with its particularity has provided a diverse source of novel structural compounds with interesting activities. The marine natural products reported from 2006 to 2018 with compelling activity and potential for the control of pancreatic cancer based on in vitro and in vivo results will be summarized. A key goal of this review is to draw attention to those molecules that warrant additional preclinical development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Biomedical Sciences, and Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Drug Discovery, Biomedical Sciences, and Public Health Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Suen LM, Tekle-Smith MA, Williamson KS, Infantine JR, Reznik SK, Tanis PS, Casselman TD, Sackett DL, Leighton JL. Design and 22-step synthesis of highly potent D-ring modified and linker-equipped analogs of spongistatin 1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4710. [PMID: 30413713 PMCID: PMC6226463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spongistatin 1 is among the most potent anti-proliferative agents ever discovered rendering it an attractive candidate for development as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates and other targeted delivery approaches. Unfortunately, it is unavailable from natural sources and its size and complex stereostructure render chemical synthesis highly time- and resource-intensive. As a result, the design and synthesis of more acid-stable and linker functional group-equipped analogs that retain the low picomolar potency of the parent natural product requires more efficient and step-economical synthetic access. Using uniquely enabling direct complex fragment coupling crotyl- and alkallylsilylation reactions, we report a 22-step synthesis of a rationally designed D-ring modified analog of spongistatin 1 that is characterized by GI50 values in the low picomolar range, and a proof-of-concept result that the C(15) acetate may be replaced with linker functional group-bearing esters with only minimal reductions in potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Suen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | - Samuel K Reznik
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Paul S Tanis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tyler D Casselman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Dan L Sackett
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - James L Leighton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Marine Sponge Natural Products with Anticancer Potential: An Updated Review. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100310. [PMID: 29027954 PMCID: PMC5666418 DOI: 10.3390/md15100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge investment into research and the significant effort and advances made in the search for new anticancer drugs in recent decades, cancer cure and treatment continue to be a formidable challenge. Many sources, including plants, animals, and minerals, have been explored in the oncological field because of the possibility of identifying novel molecular therapeutics. Marine sponges are a prolific source of secondary metabolites, a number of which showed intriguing tumor chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. Recently, Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs derived from marine sponges have been shown to reduce metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. The chemopreventive and potential anticancer activity of marine sponge-derived compounds could be explained by multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, including DNA protection, cell-cycle modulation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as their ability to chemosensitize cancer cells to traditional antiblastic chemotherapy. The present article aims to depict the multiple mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of marine sponges and critically explore the limitations and challenges associated with the development of marine sponge-based anticancer strategy.
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Bailon-Moscoso N, Cevallos-Solorzano G, Romero-Benavides JC, Orellana MIR. Natural Compounds as Modulators of Cell Cycle Arrest: Application for Anticancer Chemotherapies. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:106-131. [PMID: 28367072 PMCID: PMC5345333 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160808125645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from various plants, microorganisms and marine species play an important role in the discovery novel components that can be successfully used in numerous biomedical applications, including anticancer therapeutics. Since uncontrolled and rapid cell division is a hallmark of cancer, unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying mitosis is key to understanding how various natural compounds might function as inhibitors of cell cycle progression. A number of natural compounds that inhibit the cell cycle arrest have proven effective for killing cancer cells in vitro, in vivo and in clinical settings. Significant advances that have been recently made in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle regulation using the chemotherapeutic agents is of great importance for improving the efficacy of targeted therapeutics and overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs, especially of natural origin, which inhibit the activities of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, as well as other proteins and enzymes involved in proper regulation of cell cycle leading to controlled cell proliferation.
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Mioso R, Marante FJT, Bezerra RDS, Borges FVP, Santos BVDO, Laguna IHBD. Cytotoxic Compounds Derived from Marine Sponges. A Review (2010-2012). Molecules 2017; 22:E208. [PMID: 28134844 PMCID: PMC6155849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: This extensive review covers research published between 2010 and 2012 regarding new compounds derived from marine sponges, including 62 species from 60 genera belonging to 33 families and 13 orders of the Demospongia class (Porifera). The emphasis is on the cytotoxic activity that bioactive metabolites from sponges may have on cancer cell lines. At least 197 novel chemical structures from 337 compounds isolated have been found to support this work. Details on the source and taxonomy of the sponges, their geographical occurrence, and a range of chemical structures are presented. The compounds discovered from the reviewed marine sponges fall into mainly four chemical classes: terpenoids (41.9%), alkaloids (26.2%), macrolides (8.9%) and peptides (6.3%) which, along with polyketides, sterols, and others show a range of biological activities. The key sponge orders studied in the reviewed research were Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Tetractinellida, Poecilosclerida, and Agelasida. Petrosia, Haliclona (Haplosclerida), Rhabdastrella (Tetractinellida), Coscinoderma and Hyppospongia (Dictyioceratida), were found to be the most promising genera because of their capacity for producing new bioactive compounds. Several of the new compounds and their synthetic analogues have shown in vitro cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities against various tumor/cancer cell lines, and some of them will undergo further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mioso
- Laboratory of Enzymology - LABENZ, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Francisco J Toledo Marante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Laboratory of Enzymology - LABENZ, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Valadares Pereira Borges
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactives, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara V de Oliveira Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
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9
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A survey of marine natural compounds and their derivatives with anti-cancer activity reported in 2011. Molecules 2013; 18:3641-73. [PMID: 23529027 PMCID: PMC6270579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a major public health problem despite the efforts that have been made in the search for novel drugs and treatments. The current sources sought for the discovery of new molecules are plants, animals and minerals. During the past decade, the search for anticancer agents of marine origin to fight chemo-resistance has increased greatly. Each year, several novel anticancer molecules are isolated from marine organisms and represent a renewed hope for cancer therapy. The study of structure-function relationships has allowed synthesis of analogues with increased efficacy and less toxicity. In this report, we aim to review 42 compounds of marine origin and their derivatives that were published in 2011 as promising anticancer compounds.
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10
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Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Marine-derived angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer therapy. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:903-33. [PMID: 23502698 PMCID: PMC3705379 DOI: 10.3390/md11030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors have been successfully used for cancer therapy in the clinic. Many marine-derived natural products and their analogues have been reported to show antiangiogenic activities. Compared with the drugs in the clinic, these agents display interesting characteristics, including diverse sources, unique chemical structures, special modes of action, and distinct activity and toxicity profiles. This review will first provide an overview of the current marine-derived angiogenesis inhibitors based on their primary targets and/or mechanisms of action. Then, the marine-derived antiangiogenic protein kinase inhibitors will be focused on. And finally, the clinical trials of the marine-derived antiangiogenic agents will be discussed, with special emphasis on their application potentials, problems and possible coping strategies in their future development as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Essack M, Bajic VB, Archer JA. Recently confirmed apoptosis-inducing lead compounds isolated from marine sponge of potential relevance in cancer treatment. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1580-1606. [PMID: 22131960 PMCID: PMC3225937 DOI: 10.3390/md9091580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts to develop non-cytotoxic anticancer treatments, effective agents are still not available. Therefore, novel apoptosis-inducing drug leads that may be developed into effective targeted cancer therapies are of interest to the cancer research community. Targeted cancer therapies affect specific aberrant apoptotic pathways that characterize different cancer types and, for this reason, it is a more desirable type of therapy than chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as it is less harmful to normal cells. In this regard, marine sponge derived metabolites that induce apoptosis continue to be a promising source of new drug leads for cancer treatments. A PubMed query from 01/01/2005 to 31/01/2011 combined with hand-curation of the retrieved articles allowed for the identification of 39 recently confirmed apoptosis-inducing anticancer lead compounds isolated from the marine sponge that are selectively discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John A.C. Archer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +966-544-700-701; Fax: +966-(2)-802-0127
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12
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Hoffmann R, von Schwarzenberg K, López-Antón N, Rudy A, Wanner G, Dirsch VM, Vollmar AM. Helenalin bypasses Bcl-2-mediated cell death resistance by inhibiting NF-κB and promoting reactive oxygen species generation. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:453-63. [PMID: 21669190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of cell death by overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, is commonly observed in cancer cells leading to a lack of response to chemotherapy. Hence, there is a need to find new chemotherapeutic agents that are able to overcome chemoresistance mediated by Bcl-2 and to understand their mechanisms of action. Helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone (STL), induces cell death and abrogates clonal survival in a highly apoptosis-resistant Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cell line as well as in two other Bcl-2 overexpressing solid tumor cell lines (mammary MCF-7; pancreatic L6.3pl). This effect is not achieved by directly affecting the mitochondria-protective function of Bcl-2 in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis since Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cells do not show cytochrome c release and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential upon helenalin treatment. Moreover, helenalin induces an atypical form of cell death with necrotic features in Bcl-2 overexpressing cells, neither activating classical mediators of apoptosis (caspases, AIF, Omi/HtrA2, Apaf/apoptosome) nor ER-stress mediators (BiP/GRP78 and CHOP/GADD153), nor autophagy pathways (LC3 conversion). In contrast, helenalin was found to inhibit NF-κB activation that was considerably increased in Bcl-2 overexpressing Jurkat cells and promotes cell survival. Moreover, we identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free intracellular iron as mediators of helenalin-induced cell death whereas activation of JNK and abrogation of Akt activity did not contribute to helenalin-elicited cell death. Our results highlight the NF-κB inhibitor helenalin as a promising chemotherapeutic agent to overcome Bcl-2-induced cell death resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hoffmann
- Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich, Germany
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13
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Gold from the sea: marine compounds as inhibitors of the hallmarks of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:531-47. [PMID: 21371549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases in the world. Although advances in the field of chemo-preventive and therapeutic medicine have been made regularly over the last ten years, the search for novel anticancer treatments continues. In this field, the marine environment, with its rich variety of organisms, is a largely untapped source of novel compounds with potent antitumor activity. Although many reviews of marine anticancer compounds have been published, we focus here on selected marine compounds that act on the six hallmarks of cancer presented namely self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replication, sustained angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastasis.
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