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Wang XQ, Tessier-Cloutier B, Saunders J, Harvey M, Armstrong L, Ng T, Dunham C, Bush JW. Characterization of Switch/Sucrose Nonfermenting Complex Proteins and Nestin Expression in a Cohort of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:304-310. [PMID: 37036408 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in pediatric patients have undergone significant diagnostic refinement through the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular techniques. The utility of these novel IHC antibodies has been demonstrated with the inactivation of the switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex in the diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, predominantly through the loss of integrase interactor 1 (INI1; SMARCB1 ). Alternatively, these tumors may have inactivation of brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1; SMARCA4 ) in a subset of cases. The role of other SWI/SNF component proteins and their expression in pediatric brain tumors is not well established. Nestin, an intermediate filament, has been shown to be present in some pediatric CNS tumors, but of uncertain diagnostic and prognostic significance. We sought to explore the immunohistochemical expression profile for common SWI/SNF subunits and nestin in a pediatric CNS tumor cohort. Using a 118-sample tissue microarray, we performed IHC for INI1, BRG1, brahma (BRM), ARID1A, ARID1B, polybromo 1, and nestin. In 19 cases, INI1 was lost and BRG1 was lost in 2 cases. Interestingly, 6 cases originally diagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumors showed isolated loss of BRM. Other SWI/SNF proteins did not provide further diagnostic resolution. Nestin was positive in 76.2% of INI1/BRG1-deficient tumors, compared with 29.1% in INI1/BRG1-intact tumors yielding a sensitivity of 76.2%, specificity of 68.0%, and a P value of <0.001, but nestin positivity did not correlate specifically with poor outcomes. In conclusion, we confirm the utility of BRG1 IHC in the workup of pediatric CNS tumors, which may facilitate a difficult diagnosis when conventional markers are inconclusive, or as a first-line marker in cases where intraoperative smears are suggestive of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Although nestin expression was associated with SWI/SNF inactivation, it did not yield statistically significant diagnostic or prognostic information in our study. Interestingly, we identified 6 tumors with isolated BRM IHC loss, the significance of which is uncertain but warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basile Tessier-Cloutier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital
| | - Jessica Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Health Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa Harvey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, British Columbia Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Health Center, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia
| | - Tony Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Health Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Bush
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Health Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wang Q, Wu H, Hu J, Fu H, Qu Y, Yang Y, Cai KQ, Efimov A, Wu M, Yen T, Wang Y, Yang ZJ. Nestin Is Required for Spindle Assembly and Cell-Cycle Progression in Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1651-1665. [PMID: 34158391 PMCID: PMC8492506 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nestin, a class IV intermediate filament protein, is generally considered as a putative marker of neural stem and progenitor cells in the central nervous system. Glioma is a common type of adult brain tumors, and glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive form of glioma. Here, we report that Nestin expression is significantly upregulated in human GBM, compared with other types of glioma. Nestin knockdown or deletion in U251 cells and tumor cells from GBM patients derived xenografts resulted in G2-M arrest, finally leading to apoptosis in tumor cells. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification method, we identified βII-tubulin as an interacting protein of Nestin in U251 cells. Nestin stabilized βII-tubulin in U251 cells through physical interaction. Knockdown of Nestin or βII-tubulin disrupted spindle morphology in tumor cells. Our studies further revealed that Nestin deficiency in U251 cells and GBM PDX cells repressed tumor growth upon transplantation. Finally, we found that Nestin deficiency sensitized GBM cells to microtubule-destabilizing drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine. Our studies demonstrate the essential functions and underlying mechanisms of Nestin in the growth and drug response of GBM cells. IMPLICATIONS: Through interaction with βII-tubulin, Nestin facilitates cell-cycle progression and spindle assembly of tumor cells in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanghui Qu
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrey Efimov
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tim Yen
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Zottel A, Jovčevska I, Šamec N, Komel R. Cytoskeletal proteins as glioblastoma biomarkers and targets for therapy: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103283. [PMID: 33667657 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain malignancy, is an exceptionally fatal cancer. Lack of suitable biomarkers and efficient treatment largely contribute to the therapy failure. Cytoskeletal proteins are crucial proteins in glioblastoma pathogenesis and can potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Among them, GFAP, has gained most attention as potential diagnostic biomarker, while vimentin and microtubules are considered as prospective therapeutic targets. Microtubules represent one of the best anti-cancer targets due to their critical role in cell proliferation. Despite testing in clinical trials, the efficiency of taxanes, epothilones, vinca-domain binding drugs, colchicine-domain binding drugs and γ-tubulin binding drugs remains to be confirmed. Moreover, tumor treating field that disrupts microtubules draw attention because of its high efficiency and is called "the fourth cancer treatment modality". Thereby, because of the involvement of cytoskeleton in key physiological and pathological processes, its therapeutic potential in glioblastoma is currently extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Zottel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Šamec
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hassn Mesrati M, Behrooz AB, Y. Abuhamad A, Syahir A. Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer. Cells 2020; 9:E1236. [PMID: 32429463 PMCID: PMC7291262 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.M.); (A.B.B.); (A.Y.A.)
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Meneceur S, Linge A, Meinhardt M, Hering S, Löck S, Bütof R, Krex D, Schackert G, Temme A, Baumann M, Krause M, von Neubeck C. Establishment and Characterisation of Heterotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040871. [PMID: 32260145 PMCID: PMC7226316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumour with a patient median survival of approximately 14 months. The development of innovative treatment strategies to increase the life span and quality of life of patients is hence essential. This requires the use of appropriate glioblastoma models for preclinical testing, which faithfully reflect human cancers. The aim of this study was to establish glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by heterotopic transplantation of tumour pieces in the axillae of NMRI nude mice. Ten out of 22 patients' samples gave rise to tumours in mice. Their human origin was confirmed by microsatellite analyses, though minor changes were observed. The glioblastoma nature of the PDXs was corroborated by pathological evaluation. Latency times spanned from 48.5 to 370.5 days in the first generation. Growth curve analyses revealed an increase in the growth rate with increasing passages. The methylation status of the MGMT promoter in the primary material was maintained in the PDXs. However, a trend towards a more methylated pattern could be found. A correlation was observed between the take in mice and the proportion of Sox2+ cells (r = 0.49, p = 0.016) and nestin+ cells (r = 0.55, p = 0.007). Our results show that many PDXs maintain key features of the patients' samples they derive from. They could thus be used as preclinical models to test new therapies and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meneceur
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sandra Hering
- Institute for Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Bütof
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Achim Temme
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Piña-Medina AG, Díaz NF, Molina-Hernández A, Mancilla-Herrera I, Camacho-Arroyo I. Effects of progesterone on the cell number of gliomaspheres derived from human glioblastoma cell lines. Life Sci 2020; 249:117536. [PMID: 32165211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The malignancy of the Glioblastomas (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors, have been associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) which can form gliomaspheres (GS) in vitro. Progesterone (P) increases the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cell lines through the interaction with its intracellular receptor (PR). However, it is unknown if the PR is expressed and the possible effects of P in the formation/differentiation of GS. MAIN METHODS GS were grown from U251 and U87 cell lines by selective culture with serum-free neural stem cell medium. GSCs were identified by the detection of Sox2, Ki67, Nestin, CD133, and CD15 by immunofluorescence. Additionally, the relative expression of PROM1, NES, SOX2, OLIG2, EZH2, BMI1 and PR genes was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The GS were treated with P, and the number of cells was quantified. By RT-PCR the βIII-TUB and GFAP differentiation genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS GS were maintained until passage four. The expression of all GSCs markers was significantly higher in GS as compared with the basal culture of U251 and U87 cells. We demonstrated for the first time that PR is expressed in GS and this expression was higher as compared with the U251 and U87 cells in basal conditions. Also, we observed that P increased the number of cells derived primary gliomaspheres (GS1) from the U251 line, as well as the expression of the neuronal differentiation marker βIII-TUB. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest the participation of P in the growth of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Piña-Medina
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Néstor F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", 11000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Hwang JW, Loisel-Duwattez J, Desterke C, Latsis T, Pagliaro S, Griscelli F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Turhan AG. A novel neuronal organoid model mimicking glioblastoma (GBM) features from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129540. [PMID: 31978452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current experimental models using either human or mouse cell lines, are not representative of the complex features of GBM. In particular, there is no model to study patient-derived iPSCs to generate a GBM model. Overexpression of c-met gene is one of the molecular features of GBM leading to increased signaling via STAT3 phosphorylation. We generated an iPSC line from a patient with c-met mutation and we asked whether we could use it to generate neuronal-like organoids mimicking features of GBM. METHODS We have generated iPSC-aggregates differentiating towards organoids. We analyzed them by gene expression profiling, immunostaining and transmission electronic microscopy analyses (TEM). RESULTS Herein we describe that c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates spontaneously differentiate into dopaminergic neurons more rapidly than control iPSC aggregates in culture. Gene expression profiling of c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates at day +90 showed neuronal- and GBM-related genes, reproducing a genomic network described in primary human GBM. Comparative TEM analyses confirmed the enrichment of these structures in intermediate filaments and abnormal cilia, a feature described in human GBM. The c-met-mutated iPSC-derived organoids, as compared to controls expressed high levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is a typical marker of human GBM, as well as high levels of phospho-MET and phospho-STAT3. The use of temozolomide (TMZ) showed a preferential cytotoxicity of this drug in c-met-mutated neuronal-like organoids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study shows the feasibility of generating "off-the shelf" neuronal-like organoid model mimicking GBM using c-met-mutated iPSC aggregates and its potential future use in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Hwang
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Loisel-Duwattez
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Service de Neurologie, Bicêtre Hospital, 94276 le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Theodoros Latsis
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Pagliaro
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France; Division of Hematology, Paris Sud University Hospitals, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 75006, Villejuif 94800, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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8
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Ravi V, Madhankumar AB, Abraham T, Slagle-Webb B, Connor JR. Liposomal delivery of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) siRNA in patient xenograft derived glioblastoma initiating cells suggests different sensitivities to radiation and distinct survival mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221952. [PMID: 31491006 PMCID: PMC6730865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the iron regulatory protein, ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), is increasingly being associated with high tumor grade and poor survival outcomes in glioblastoma. Glioma initiating cells (GICs), a small population of stem-like cells implicated in therapeutic resistance and glioblastoma recurrence, have recently been shown to exhibit increased FTH1 expression. We previously demonstrated that FTH1 knockdown enhanced therapeutic sensitivity in an astrocytoma cell line. Therefore, in this study we developed a liposomal formulation to enable the in vitro delivery of FTH1 siRNA in patient xenograft derived GICs from glioblastomas with pro-neural and mesenchymal transcriptional signatures to interrogate the effect of FTH1 downregulation on their radiation sensitivity. Transfection with siRNA decreased FTH1 expression significantly in both GICs. However, there were inherent differences in transfectability between pro-neural and mesenchymal tumor derived GICs, leading us to modify siRNA: liposome ratios for comparable transfection. Moreover, loss of FTH1 expression resulted in increased extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity, executioner caspase 3/7 induction, substantial mitochondrial damage, diminished mitochondrial mass and reduced cell viability. However, only GICs from pro-neural glioblastoma showed marked increase in radiosensitivity upon FTH1 downregulation demonstrated by decreased cell viability, impaired DNA repair and reduced colony formation subsequent to radiation. In addition, the stemness marker Nestin was downregulated upon FTH1 silencing only in GICs of pro-neural but not mesenchymal origin. Using liposomes as a siRNA delivery system, we established FTH1 as a critical factor for survival in both GIC subtypes as well as a regulator of radioresistance and stemness in pro-neural tumor derived GICs. Our study provides further evidence to support the role of FTH1 as a promising target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagisha Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Intermediate Filaments as Effectors of Cancer Development and Metastasis: A Focus on Keratins, Vimentin, and Nestin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050497. [PMID: 31126068 PMCID: PMC6562751 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins make up the largest family of cytoskeletal proteins in metazoans, and are traditionally known for their roles in fostering structural integrity in cells and tissues. Remarkably, individual IF genes are tightly regulated in a fashion that reflects the type of tissue, its developmental and differentiation stages, and biological context. In cancer, IF proteins serve as diagnostic markers, as tumor cells partially retain their original signature expression of IF proteins. However, there are also characteristic alterations in IF gene expression and protein regulation. The use of high throughput analytics suggests that tumor-associated alterations in IF gene expression have prognostic value. Parallel research is also showing that IF proteins directly and significantly impact several key cellular properties, including proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness, with a demonstrated impact on the development, progression, and characteristics of various tumors. In this review, we draw from recent studies focused on three IF proteins most associated with cancer (keratins, vimentin, and nestin) to highlight how several “hallmarks of cancer” described by Hanahan and Weinberg are impacted by IF proteins. The evidence already in hand establishes that IF proteins function beyond their classical roles as markers and serve as effectors of tumorigenesis.
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Khan J, Das G, Gupta V, Mohapatra S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S. Neurosphere Development from Hippocampal and Cortical Embryonic Mixed Primary Neuron Culture: A Potential Platform for Screening Neurochemical Modulator. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2870-2878. [PMID: 30346714 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of a complex biological structure or system following a simple and facile strategy using minimum physiochemical cues is challenging for an in-depth understanding of the system. In particular, the brain is a highly sophisticated and complex network of trillions of neurons and glial cells that controls function of our body. Understanding this complex machinery requires an innovative and simple bottom-up approach. In this venture, we report an easy and efficient strategy to culture cortical and hippocampal primary neurons from the E14-E16 embryo of Sprague-Dawley rat. This generates spontaneous neurospheres within 6-7 days of primary neuron culture of E14-E16 embryo. It further proliferates and forms radial glia-like structures, which are known to be the primary neural progenitor cells that differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, neurospheres lead to the formation of large projection neurons and radial glia, which mimic the early stage of cortical development in an in vivo system. Overall, this new, facile, strategic mixed primary neuron culture method offers a potential platform for understanding the effect of neurochemical modulators, which has tremendous future implications in the screening of neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Khan
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Khan IN, Ullah N, Hussein D, Saini KS. Current and emerging biomarkers in tumors of the central nervous system: Possible diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:85-102. [PMID: 28774835 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq N Khan
- PK-Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kulvinder S Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh 173101, India.
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Torres Á, Arriagada V, Erices JI, Toro MDLÁ, Rocha JD, Niechi I, Carrasco C, Oyarzún C, Quezada C. FK506 Attenuates the MRP1-Mediated Chemoresistant Phenotype in Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092697. [PMID: 30208561 PMCID: PMC6164673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor response to current treatments for glioblastoma has been attributed to the presence of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). GSCs are able to expel antitumor drugs to the extracellular medium using the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transporter. Tacrolimus (FK506) has been identified as an MRP1 regulator in differentiated glioblastoma (GBM) cells (non-GSCs); however, the effect of FK506 on GSCs is currently unknown. The objective of the following research is to evaluate the effect of FK506 on the MRP1-related chemo-resistant phenotype of GSCs. For this, U87MG and C6 glioma cell lines were used to generate non-GSCs and GSCs. mRNA and MRP1-positive cells were evaluated by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. A Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate (CFDA)-retention assay was performed to evaluate the MRP1 activity. Apoptosis and MTT assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of FK506 plus Vincristine (MRP1 substrate). GSC-derived subcutaneous tumors were generated to evaluate the in vivo effect of FK506/Vincristine treatment. No differences in transcript levels and positive cells for MRP1 were observed in FK506-treated cells. Lesser cell viability, increased apoptosis, and CFDA-retention in the FK506/Vincristine-treated cells were observed. In vivo, the FK506/Vincristine treatment decreased the tumor size as well as ki67, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), and nestin expression. We conclude that FK506 confers a chemo-sensitive phenotype to MRP1-drug substrate in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Valentina Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - José Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - María de Los Ángeles Toro
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - José Dellis Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Cristian Carrasco
- Departamento de Patología del Hospital Base de Valdivia (HBV), Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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Mallik MK. An attempt to understand glioma stem cell biology through centrality analysis of a protein interaction network. J Theor Biol 2018; 438:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Doll S, Urisman A, Oses-Prieto JA, Arnott D, Burlingame AL. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Fundamental Regulatory Differences in Oncogenic HRAS and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) Driven Astrocytoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:39-56. [PMID: 27834733 PMCID: PMC5217781 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are high-grade astrocytomas and the most common brain malignancies. Primary GBMs are often associated with disturbed RAS signaling, and expression of oncogenic HRAS results in a malignant phenotype in glioma cell lines. Secondary GBMs arise from lower-grade astrocytomas, have slower progression than primary tumors, and contain IDH1 mutations in over 70% of cases. Despite significant amount of accumulating genomic and transcriptomic data, the fundamental mechanistic differences of gliomagenesis in these two types of high-grade astrocytoma remain poorly understood. Only a few studies have attempted to investigate the proteome, phosphorylation signaling, and epigenetic regulation in astrocytoma. In the present study, we applied quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify the main signaling differences between oncogenic HRAS and mutant IDH1-driven glioma cells as models of primary and secondary GBM, respectively. Our analysis confirms the driving roles of the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways in HRAS driven cells and additionally uncovers dysregulation of other signaling pathways. Although a subset of the signaling changes mediated by HRAS could be reversed by a MEK inhibitor, dual inhibition of MEK and PI3K resulted in more complete reversal of the phosphorylation patterns produced by HRAS expression. In contrast, cells expressing mutant IDH1 did not show significant activation of MAPK or PI3K/mTOR pathways. Instead, global downregulation of protein expression was observed. Targeted proteomic analysis of histone modifications identified significant histone methylation, acetylation, and butyrylation changes in the mutant IDH1 expressing cells, consistent with a global transcriptional repressive state. Our findings offer novel mechanistic insight linking mutant IDH1 associated inhibition of histone demethylases with specific histone modification changes to produce global transcriptional repression in secondary glioblastoma. Our proteomic datasets are available for download and provide a comprehensive catalogue of alterations in protein abundance, phosphorylation, and histone modifications in oncogenic HRAS and IDH1 driven astrocytoma cells beyond the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Doll
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - David Arnott
- §Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, 94158-2517 California
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- From the ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 94158-2517 California;
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TLX-Its Emerging Role for Neurogenesis in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:272-280. [PMID: 26738856 PMCID: PMC5219886 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor TLX, also called NR2E1, is a factor important in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal, neurogenesis, and maintenance. As a transcription factor, TLX is vital for the expression of genes implicated in neurogenesis, such as DNA replication, cell cycle, adhesion and migration. It acts by way of repressing or activating target genes, as well as controlling protein-protein interactions. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulated TLX acts in the initiation and progression of human disorders of the nervous system. This review describes recent knowledge about TLX expression, structure, targets, and biological functions, relevant to maintaining adult neural stem cells related to both neuropsychiatric conditions and certain nervous system tumours.
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Quick Q, Paul M, Skalli O. Roles and potential clinical applications of intermediate filament proteins in brain tumors. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:40-8. [PMID: 25976260 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are cytoplasmic and nuclear cytoskeletal proteins. Of the ~70 IF proteins, nearly 12 are found in the nervous system, where their expression is largely cell-type specific. Astrocytes express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), whereas different neuron types contain neurofilament proteins, α-internexin, or peripherin. These proteins are often downregulated in brain cancer. In addition, brain cancer cells may also contain vimentin, nestin, and synemin, which are the IF proteins found in neural progenitor cells. In different brain tumor types, the expression of nestin, vimentin, and α-internexin appears to correlate with the clinical outcome. Experimental investigations have also demonstrated that IF proteins have distinct roles in specific brain tumor cell behaviors: nestin, for instance, is important for the proliferation of glioma cells, whereas synemin also affect their mobility. The mechanisms responsible for these effects involve the interaction of IF proteins with specific signaling pathways. Synemin, for instance, positively regulates glioma cell proliferation by antagonizing protein phosphatase 2A. Further evidence for the potential of IF proteins as therapeutic targets derives from animal models showing the influence of IF proteins on tumor growth. Nestin downregulation, for instance, dramatically reduced intracerebral glioma growth. Selective targeted therapies of IFs to date primarily include gene therapy approaches using nestin or GFAP gene promoters to drive transgene expression into glioma cells. Although attempts to identify small molecules specifically antagonizing IF proteins have been unsuccessful to date, it is anticipated that the identification of such compounds will be instrumental in expanding therapeutic approaches for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy Quick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN
| | - Madhumita Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
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Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Yoshimura H, Hagio M, Arai T. Inhibition of nestin suppresses stem cell phenotype of glioblastomas through the alteration of post-translational modification of heat shock protein HSPA8/HSC71. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:602-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Tschaharganeh DF, Xue W, Calvisi DF, Evert M, Michurina TV, Dow LE, Banito A, Katz SF, Kastenhuber ER, Weissmueller S, Huang CH, Lechel A, Andersen JB, Capper D, Zender L, Longerich T, Enikolopov G, Lowe SW. p53-dependent Nestin regulation links tumor suppression to cellular plasticity in liver cancer. Cell 2014; 158:579-92. [PMID: 25083869 PMCID: PMC4221237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor coordinates a series of antiproliferative responses that restrict the expansion of malignant cells, and as a consequence, p53 is lost or mutated in the majority of human cancers. Here, we show that p53 restricts expression of the stem and progenitor-cell-associated protein nestin in an Sp1/3 transcription-factor-dependent manner and that Nestin is required for tumor initiation in vivo. Moreover, loss of p53 facilitates dedifferentiation of mature hepatocytes into nestin-positive progenitor-like cells, which are poised to differentiate into hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) or cholangiocarcinomas (CCs) in response to lineage-specific mutations that target Wnt and Notch signaling, respectively. Many human HCCs and CCs show elevated nestin expression, which correlates with p53 loss of function and is associated with decreased patient survival. Therefore, transcriptional repression of Nestin by p53 restricts cellular plasticity and tumorigenesis in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Medicine, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Medicine, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | | | - Lukas E Dow
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ana Banito
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah F Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm 89070, Germany
| | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susann Weissmueller
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andre Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm 89070, Germany
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, NCI/CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - David Capper
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Henriksen M, Johnsen KB, Olesen P, Pilgaard L, Duroux M. MicroRNA expression signatures and their correlation with clinicopathological features in glioblastoma multiforme. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:565-77. [PMID: 24817689 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest in identifying molecular biomarkers to determine patient prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has resulted in several microRNA (miRNA)-based signatures able to predict progression-free and overall survival. However, the coherency between these signatures is small, and correlations to clinicopathological features other than survival are seldom seen. The aim of this study was to identify any significant relationship between miRNA signatures and clinicopathological data by combining pathological features with miRNA and mRNA analysis in fourteen GBM patients. In total, 161 miRNAs were shown to cluster the GBM tumor samples into long- and short-term-surviving patients. Many of these miRNAs were associated with differential expression in GBM, including a number of miRNAs shown to confer risk or protection with respect to clinical outcome and to modulate the mesenchymal mode of migration and invasion. An inverse relationship between miR-125b and nestin expression was identified and correlated with overall survival in GBM patients, eloquently illustrating how clinicopathological findings and molecular profiling may be a relevant combination to predict patient outcome. The intriguing finding that many of the differentially expressed miRNAs contained exosome-packaging motifs in their mature sequences suggests that we must expand our view to encompass the complex intercellular communication in order to identify molecular prognostic biomarkers and to increase our knowledge in the field of GBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henriksen
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
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Skalli O, Wilhelmsson U, Örndahl C, Fekete B, Malmgren K, Rydenhag B, Pekny M. Astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme) displays 3 subtypes with unique expression profiles of intermediate filament proteins. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2081-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Antiproliferative effects of PACAP and VIP in serum-starved glioma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:503-13. [PMID: 23900722 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have suggested that calorie restriction (CR) is a reliable method to decrease cancer development since it produces changes in tumor microenvironment that interfere with cell proliferation, tissue invasion, and formation of metastases. Studies on the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in cancer cells indicate that their influence on cell growth is either cell type specific or dependent on culture conditions. Evidence showing the effect of PACAP and VIP in glioma cells grown under conditions mimicking CR are currently unavailable. Therefore, we explored the effects of both PACAP and VIP in C6 glioma cells either grown in a normal growth medium or exposed to serum starvation, to resemble an acute condition of CR. Cell viability, expression of proteins related to cell proliferation (cyclin D1), apoptosis (Bcl2, p53, and cleaved caspase-3), and cell malignancy (GFAP and nestin) were assessed by MTT assay, immunoblot, and immunolocalization, respectively. Results demonstrated that CR significantly decreased cell proliferation, reduced levels of cyclin D1 and Bcl2, and increased the expression of p53 and cleaved caspase-3. Surprisingly, all of these CR-driven effects were further exacerbated by PACAP or VIP treatment. We also found that PACAP or VIP prevented GFAP decrease caused by CR and further reduced the expression of nestin, a prognostic marker of malignancy. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that PACAP and VIP possess antiproliferative properties against glioma cells that depend on the specific culture settings, further supporting the idea that CR might offer new avenues to improve peptide-oriented glioma cancer treatment.
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Takakuwa O, Maeno K, Kunii E, Ozasa H, Hijikata H, Uemura T, Kasai D, Ohkubo H, Miyazaki M, Oguri T, Niimi A. Involvement of intermediate filament nestin in cell growth of small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:174-9. [PMID: 23706418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin is a class VI intermediate filament protein expressed in stem/progenitor cells during the development of the central nervous system. Nestin is detected in various types of tumors and is involved in malignant processes. This study investigated the expression and function of nestin in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Expression of nestin and achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASH1) was studied in 21 lung cancer cell lines. To assess the function of nestin, a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting nestin was transfected into two SCLC cell lines (DMS53 and SBC3), and cloned cells that showed apparent down-regulation of nestin were obtained. Nestin expression was also studied immunohistochemically in surgically resected SCLC primary tumors and metastatic SCLC tumors obtained from autopsy cases. RESULT Nestin was expressed in nine of 10 SCLC cell lines. The nestin expression level was significantly higher in SCLC cell lines than in NSCLC cell lines (P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the expression levels of nestin and ASH1 in SCLC cell lines. Nestin knock-down cells created by transfection with shRNA exhibited decreased invasion and cell proliferation capabilities. Furthermore, nestin was detected in SCLC tumor cells and tumor vessels in all clinical tumor specimens. CONCLUSION Nestin is expressed in SCLC in association with neuroendocrine features and participates in malignant phenotypes, including cell growth. Therefore, nestin may be a novel therapeutic target for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Takakuwa
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Korkolopoulou P, Levidou G, El-Habr EA, Adamopoulos C, Fragkou P, Boviatsis E, Themistocleous MS, Petraki K, Vrettakos G, Sakalidou M, Samaras V, Zisakis A, Saetta A, Chatziandreou I, Patsouris E, Piperi C. Sox11 expression in astrocytic gliomas: correlation with nestin/c-Met/IDH1-R132H expression phenotypes, p-Stat-3 and survival. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2142-52. [PMID: 23619925 PMCID: PMC3670505 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sox11 is a transcription factor expressed in foetal and neoplastic brain tissue, including gliomas. It has been shown to suppress the tumourigenicity of glioma stem cells in vivo, thereby being hypothesised to function as a tumour suppressor. Methods: We investigated the expression of Sox11 in 132 diffuse astrocytomas in relation to the regulator cell marker nestin, c-Met and IDH1-R132H, which have shown to be differentially expressed among the molecular subgroups of malignant gliomas, as well as to an inducer of astrocytic differentiation, that is, signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT-3), clinicopathological features and survival. Results: Sox11 immunoreactivity was identified in all tumours irrespective of grade, but being correlated with p-STAT-3. Three out of seven cases showed partial Sox11 promoter methylation. In >50% of our cases neoplastic cells coexpressed Sox11 and nestin, a finding further confirmed in primary glioblastoma cell cultures. Furthermore, nestin, c-Met and IDH1-R132H expression differed among grade categories. Cluster analysis identified four groups of patients according to c-Met, nestin and IDH1-R132H expression. The c-Met/nestin high-expressor group displayed a higher Sox11 expression. Sox11 expression was an indicator of favourable prognosis in glioblastomas, which remained in multivariate analysis and validated in an independent set of 72 cases. The c-Met/nestin high-expressor group was marginally with shorter survival in univariate analysis. Conclusions: We highlight the importance of Sox11 expression as a favourable prognosticator in glioblastomas. c-Met/nestin/IDH1-R132H expression phenotypes recapitulate the molecular subgroups of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, 115 27, Greece
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A review of the role of stem cells in the development and treatment of glioma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154:951-69; discussion 969. [PMID: 22527576 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neurosurgical management of patients with intrinsic glial cancers is one of the most rapidly evolving areas of practice. This has been fuelled by advances in surgical technique not only in cytoreduction but also in drug delivery. Further innovation will depend on a deeper understanding of the biology of the disease and an appreciation of the limitations of current knowledge. Here we review the controversial topic of cancer stem cells applied to glioma to provide neurosurgeons with a working overview. It is now recognised that the adult human brain contains regionally specified cell populations capable of self-renewal that may contribute to tumour growth and maintenance following accumulated mutational change. Tumour cells adapted to maintain growth demonstrate some stem-like characteristics and as such constitute a legitimate therapeutic target. Cellular reprogramming technologies raise the potential of developing stem cells as novel surgical tools to target disease and possibly ameliorate some of the consequences of treatment. Achieving these goals remains a significant challenge to neurosurgical oncologists, not least in challenging how we think about treating brain cancer. This review will briefly examine our understanding of adult stem cells within the brain, the evidence that they contribute to the development of brain tumours as tumour-initiating cells, and the potential implications for therapy. It will also look at the role stem cells may play in the future management of glioma.
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Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Naito Z. Nestin in gastrointestinal and other cancers: Effects on cells and tumor angiogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:409-18. [PMID: 21274370 PMCID: PMC3027007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nestin is a class VI intermediate filament protein that was originally described as a neuronal stem cell marker during central nervous system (CNS) development, and is currently widely used in that capacity. Nestin is also expressed in non-neuronal immature or progenitor cells in normal tissues. Under pathological conditions, nestin is expressed in repair processes in the CNS, muscle, liver, and infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, increased nestin expression has been reported in various tumor cells, including CNS tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberances, and thyroid tumors. Nestin is reported to correlate with aggressive growth, metastasis, and poor prognosis in some tumors; however, the roles of nestin in cancer cells have not been well characterized. Furthermore, nestin is more specifically expressed in proliferating small-sized tumor vessels in glioblastoma and gastric, colorectal, and prostate cancers than are other tumor vessel markers. These findings indicate that nestin may be a marker for newly synthesized tumor vessels and a therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis. It has received a lot of attention recently as a cancer stem cell marker in various cancer cells including brain tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumors, and uterine, cervical, prostate, bladder, head and neck, ovarian, testicular, and pancreatic cancers. The purpose of this review is to clarify the roles of nestin in cancer cells and in tumor angiogenesis, and to examine the association between nestin and cancer stem cells. Nestin has the potential to serve as a molecular target for cancers with nestin-positive cancer cells and nestin-positive tumor vasculature.
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