1
|
Mumlek I, Ozretić P, Sabol M, Leović M, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Leović D, Musani V. BIRC5 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with a Higher Stage of Local and Regional Disease in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17490. [PMID: 38139318 PMCID: PMC10743484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are the most common types of cancers in the head and neck region (HNSCC). Despite very aggressive treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate has not changed for decades and is still around 60%. The search for potential specific biomarkers of aggressiveness or outcome indicators could be of great benefit in improving the treatment of these patients. One of the potential biomarkers is survivin, the protein product of the BIRC5 gene. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of BIRC5 gene polymorphisms in 48 patients with OSCC and OPSCC compared with healthy controls. A total of 18 polymorphisms were found, 11 of which occurred in HNSCC with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of more than 5%. Five polymorphisms (rs3764383, rs9904341, rs2071214, rs2239680, rs2661694) were significantly associated with tumor size, tumor stage, and advanced regional disease, but had no impact on survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mumlek
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Matko Leović
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Dinko Leović
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva Ulica 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.O.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cacına C, Akgün A, Kayhan KB, Yaylım İ, Çakmakoğlu B. The analysis of Survivin promoter (-31G/C) gene variation in oral squamous cell carcinoma risk and prognosis. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101494. [PMID: 37164127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malign tumor that associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, eating habits, environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility of the individuals. The Survivin gene, also known as BIRC5, plays important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to investigate Survivin -31G/C polymorphism in OSCC development and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 61 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 133 healthy individuals were genotyped by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) to evaluate the role of the Survivin gene promoter region (-31) variation. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of Survivin promoter -31 polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and controls but we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and noticed a significant correlation between the C allele and advanced tumor stage in the patients (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION The Survivin (-31) gene polymorphism might be associated with advanced tumor stage in oral squamous cell carcinoma but further studies in a larger population are needed most effective evaluation of the Survivin (-31) gene variation in the OSCC risk and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Cacına
- Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, 34590 Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşenur Akgün
- Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, 34590 Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Bektaş Kayhan
- Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Turkey
| | - İlhan Yaylım
- Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, 34590 Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Çakmakoğlu
- Institute of Aziz Sancar Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, 34590 Çapa-Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kourie HR, Zouein J, Succar B, Mardirossian A, Ahmadieh N, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Jalkh N, kattan J, Nemr E. Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in Bladder Cancer: A Global Review. Oncol Rev 2023; 17:10603. [PMID: 38025894 PMCID: PMC10657888 DOI: 10.3389/or.2023.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has been associated with genetic susceptibility. Single peptide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate BC susceptibility. A literature search was performed covering the period between January 2000 and October 2020. Overall, 334 articles were selected, reporting 455 SNPs located in 244 genes. The selected 455 SNPs were further investigated. All SNPs that were associated with smoking and environmental exposure were excluded from this study. A total of 197 genes and 343 SNPs were found to be associated with BC, among which 177 genes and 291 SNPs had congruent results across all available studies. These genes and SNPs were classified into eight different categories according to their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Zouein
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bahaa Succar
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Avedis Mardirossian
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar Ahmadieh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph kattan
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohamed AA, Yassin AS, Gomaa BS, Darwish H, Mohamed RS, Makled S, Ramdan A, Abd-Elsalam S, Raafat MM. Association of Polymorphism in Survivin Gene and the Risk of Liver Cancer Resulting from Hepatitis C Virus Among Egyptian Patients. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:536-543. [PMID: 33653251 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210302090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the relation between Survivin gene polymorphisms and the risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting from hepatitis C infection among the Egyptian population. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 164 patients, 57 patients were diagnosed with hepatitis C, where 57 were diagnosed with HCC in addition to 50 healthy volunteers as controls. Genotyping for Survivin rs1042489 and rs8073069 single nucleotide polymorphisms was carried out by the allelic discrimination Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms genotyping technology. RESULTS The results of Survivin rs1042489 polymorphism revealed that the TC and CC genotypes were significantly different between hepatocellular carcinoma patients (OR=15.5, 95%CI: 3.299-72.825,P<0.001), and controls (OR=44, 95%CI: 8.025-241.254, P<0.001). Furthermore, CC genotype was significantly different between cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma patients (OR=19.2, 95%CI: 3.097-119.049, P=0.002). Moreover, the TC genotype shows a significant difference between controls and cirrhotic patients (OR=5.5, 95%CI: 2.111-14.328, P<0.001). However, when comparing TT genotypes, CC+TC genotypes results showed a significant association with increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR=4.812, 95%CI: 1.893-12.233, P=0.001), (OR=21.607, 95%CI: 4.738-98.532, P<0.01), respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference among all studied groups for all genotypes regarding Survivin rs8073069. Also, the CC+GC genotype showed no significant association with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (P=0.999) compared with the GG genotypes. CONCLUSION The study indicates that functional Survivin rs1042489 polymorphism may contribute to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma while Survivin rs8073069 polymorphism has no significant association with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among the studied groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institution, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aymen S Yassin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma S Gomaa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Darwish
- Oncology Department, Ismailia Teaching Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Makled
- Tropical Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ramdan
- Department of Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kobayashi M, Fujiyama N, Tanegashima T, Narita S, Yamamoto Y, Fujimoto N, Ueda S, Takeuchi A, Numakura K, Habuchi T, Matsuyama H, Eto M, Shiota M. Effect of HLA genotype on intravesical recurrence after bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:727-736. [PMID: 34379177 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used to control the intravesical recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to reveal the effects of zygosity on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and individual HLA genotypes on intravesical recurrence after intravesical BCG therapy for NMIBC. This study included Japanese patients who had received intravesical BCG for NMIBC. HLA genotyping of HLA-A, B, C, and DRB1 was performed. The effect of HLA zygosity and HLA genotype on intravesical recurrence was evaluated. Among 195 patients, those homozygous for the HLA-B supertype were more likely than those heterozygous for the HLA-B supertype to experience intravesical recurrence by univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.87, 1.14-3.05, P = 0.012) and multivariate analysis (HR, 95% CI; 2.26, 1.02-5.01, P = 0.045). Patients with B07 or B44 had a decreased risk of intravesical recurrence by univariate analysis (HR, 95% CI; 0.43, 0.24-0.78, P = 0.0056) and multivariate analysis (HR, 95% CI; 0.36, 0.16-0.82, P = 0.016). This study suggests the importance of the diversity and specificity of HLA-B loci in the antitumor effect of BCG immunotherapy for NMIBC. These findings may contribute to the delineation of risk strata for BCG therapy and improve the medical management of NMIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fujiyama
- Center for Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Tanegashima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8556, Japan
| | - Shohei Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu M, Hu X, Zhang M, Ge Y. What is the impact of BIRC5 gene polymorphisms on urinary cancer susceptibility? Evidence from 9348 subjects. Gene 2019; 733:144268. [PMID: 31809840 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a member of apoptosis inhibition gene family, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) protein acts as a survival factor in oncology through multiple ways. There are huge inconsistent results between urinary cancer risk and BIRC5 polymorphisms, so we searched and documented all eligible articles to clear up the mystery with the help of meta-analysis. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we performed an overall search in Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, CNKI and Wanfang database with pre-set search strategy up to November 2019. Z-test was performed to determine the statistical difference by Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The stability of the pooled ORs was conducted by one-way sensitivity analyses, Begg's funnel plots and Egger's test were employed to access the potential publication bias. The relationship of polymorphisms and BIRC5 expression was exposed by in-silico analysis, as well as the effects to tumorigenesis and prognosis. Finally, we enrolled 19 case-control studies to conducted this meta-analysis. An upgrade risk in rs9904341 of BIRC5 were revealed to be associated with urinary cancer in allele contrast model (OR = 1.222, P = 0.012), homozygote contrast model (OR = 1.579, P = 0.0001) and recessive contrast model (OR = 1.433, P < 0.001), as well as rs2071214 polymorphism in the subgroup analysis of BCa in allele contrast model (OR = 1.362, P = 0.011) and recessive contrast model (OR = 1.417, P = 0.015). On the other hand, rs17878467 variant plays an important role in prevent the tumorigenicity of urinary cancer in allele contrast model (OR = 0.672, P = 0.009), heterozygote contrast model (OR = 0.585, P = 0.006) and dominant contrast model (OR = 0.595, P = 0.004). In conclusion, we found that BIRC5 rs9904341, rs2071214 polymorphisms might cause the increased risk of urinary cancer, while rs17878467 reduces risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xianyu Hu
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, & Institute of Urology, & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yating Ge
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rafatmanesh A, Behjati M, Mobasseri N, Sarvizadeh M, Mazoochi T, Karimian M. The survivin molecule as a double-edged sword in cellular physiologic and pathologic conditions and its role as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:725-744. [PMID: 31250439 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the family of apoptosis inhibitory proteins with increased expression level in most cancerous tissues. Evidence shows that survivin plays regulatory roles in proliferation or survival of normal adult cells, principally vascular endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, primitive hematopoietic cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Survivin antiapoptotic role is, directly and indirectly, related to caspase proteins and shows its role in cell division through the chromosomal passenger complex. Survivin contains many genetic polymorphisms that the role of some variations has been proven in several cancers. The -31G/C polymorphism is one of the most important survivin mutations which is located in the promoter region on a CDE/CHR motif. This polymorphism can upregulate the survivin messenger RNA. In addition, its allele C can increase the risk of cancers in 1.27-fold than allele G. Considering the fundamental role of survivin in different cancers, this protein could be considered as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. For this purpose, various strategies have been designed including the prevention of survivin expression through inhibition of mRNA translation using antagonistic molecules, inhibition of survivin gene function through small inhibitory molecules, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. In this study, we describe the structure, played roles in physiological and pathological states and genetic polymorphisms of survivin. Finally, the role of survivin as a potential target in cancer therapy given challenges ahead has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rafatmanesh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mobasseri
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mazoochi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang N, Li Y, Zhou RM, Cui SJ, Cao SR, Huang X, Huo XR, Shan BE. The effect of polymorphisms in the promoter of the BIRC5 gene on the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and patient’s outcomes. Mutagenesis 2019; 34:307-313. [PMID: 31165868 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and plays a key role in apoptosis or programmed cell death. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of BIRC5 gene polymorphisms on the risk of developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and patients’ outcomes in a high-incidence population from northern China. A population-based case-control study was performed in 597 ESCC patients and 597 control subjects.Survival data were available for 211 patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery. Five polymorphisms (-31 C>G, -241 C>T, -625 G>C, -644 T>C and -1547 A>G) in the promoter of the BIRC5 gene were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. Compared with the -31 CC genotype, the -31 CG/GG genotype of -31 C>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with a significant elevated risk of ESCC [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.84]. Interestingly, this association was stronger among females, younger patients and non-smokers in stratified analyses (adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07–2.75; adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.10–2.36; adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.26–2.58, respectively]. Survival analyses showed that the T allele of -241 C>T SNP was associated with poor prognosis [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09–8.19) and that the C allele of -625 G>C SNP was associated with good prognosis (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–0.99) in ESCC patients. The -31 C>G polymorphism may be involved in the development of ESCC, and the -241 C>T and -625 G>C polymorphisms may be useful prognostic markers for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Rong-Miao Zhou
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sai-Jin Cui
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shi-Ru Cao
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ran Huo
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Bao-En Shan
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moazeni-Roodi A, Ghavami S, Hashemi M. Survivin rs9904341 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of cancer: evidence from an updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 24:335-349. [PMID: 30747314 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Several studies inspected the association between survivin polymorphisms and the risk of various cancers, but the findings remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis intending to certify the association between survivin polymorphisms and cancer risk. METHODS All analyses were achieved using RevMan 5.3 software and STATA 14.1 software. Eligible studies were collected by comprehensive literature searching Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the overall impact of survivin polymorphisms on cancer risk. RESULTS The overall analysis indicates that survivin rs9904341 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of cancer in homozygous codominant (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.68, p = 0.0001, CC vs GG), dominant (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.40, p = 0.003, CG+CC vs GG), recessive (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18-1.52, p < 0.0001, CC vs CG+GG), and allele (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.31, p = 0.0001, C vs G) inheritance models tested. Stratified based on ethnicity revealed that rs9904341 variant significantly increased the risk of cancer in the Asian population. The findings did not support an association between rs1042489, rs2071214, rs8073069, and rs17878467 polymorphisms and risk of cancer. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism may be associated with the risk of cancer either overall or in the Asian population. However, further larger and well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate this association in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trnski D, Gregorić M, Levanat S, Ozretić P, Rinčić N, Vidaković TM, Kalafatić D, Maurac I, Orešković S, Sabol M, Musani V. Regulation of Survivin Isoform Expression by GLI Proteins in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020128. [PMID: 30736319 PMCID: PMC6406444 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal female gynecological malignancy, mostly due to diagnosis in late stages when treatment options are limited. Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling is a major developmental pathway involved in organogenesis and stem cell maintenance, and is activated in OC. One of its targets is survivin (BIRC5), an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) that plays a role in multiple processes, including proliferation and cell survival. We wanted to investigate the role of different GLI proteins in the regulation of survivin isoform expression (WT, 2α, 2B, 3B, and Δex3) in the SKOV-3 OC cell line. We demonstrated that survivin isoforms are downregulated in GLI1 and GLI2 knock-out cell lines, but not in the GLI3 knock-out. Treatment of GLI1 knock-out cells with GANT-61 shows an additional inhibitory effect on several isoforms. Additionally, we examined the expression of survivin isoforms in OC samples and the potential role of BIRC5 polymorphisms in isoform expression. Clinical samples showed the same pattern of survivin isoform expression as in the cell line, and several BIRC5 polymorphisms showed the correlation with isoform expression. Our results showed that survivin isoforms are regulated both by different GLI proteins and BIRC5 polymorphisms in OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Trnski
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Gregorić
- Zagreb Health School, Medvedgradska 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Levanat
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikolina Rinčić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tajana Majić Vidaković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- PP Orahovica, Pustara 1, 33513 Zdenci, Croatia.
| | - Držislav Kalafatić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Petrova 13, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Petrova 13, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Maurac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Petrova 13, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Slavko Orešković
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Petrova 13, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Petrova 13, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Sabol
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Musani
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mazoochi T, Karimian M, Ehteram H, Karimian A. Survivin c.-31G>C (rs9904341) gene transversion and urinary system cancers risk: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Per Med 2019; 16:67-78. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the possible association between survivin c.-31G>C (rs9904341) gene polymorphism and urinary system cancers by a meta-analysis approach. Methods: Standard electronic literature databases were searched to find eligible studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated to find the associations possibility. Results: Overall meta-analysis revealed significant associations between c.-31G>C transversion and risk of urinary tract cancers in dominant (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02–1.75; p = 0.035), recessive (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.33–1.74; p < 0.001) and homozygote codominant (OR: 1.90; 95% Cl: 1.37–2.62; p < 0.001) genetic models. Conclusion: The c.-31G>C transversion might be a risk factor for urinary system cancers. However, more articles with different ethnicities will help to obtain a more accurate conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mazoochi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sušac I, Ozretić P, Gregorić M, Levačić Cvok M, Sabol M, Levanat S, Trnski D, Eljuga D, Seiwerth S, Aralica G, Stanec M, Musani V. Polymorphisms in Survivin ( BIRC5 Gene) Are Associated with Age of Onset in Breast Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:3483192. [PMID: 31467536 PMCID: PMC6699404 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3483192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, encoded by BIRC5 gene (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5), belongs to the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). In mammalian cells it participates in the control of mitosis, apoptosis regulation, and cellular stress response. Its expression is increased in almost all types of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BIRC5 polymorphisms in breast cancer (BC) and to connect survivin expression with various clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients. Blood and archival tumour tissue samples were collected from 26 BC patients from Croatia. Survivin expression was determined immunohistochemically. BIRC5 promoter, coding region, and 3'UTR were genotyped. DNA from 74 healthy women was used as control. BIRC5 polymorphisms and survivin expression were tested against age of onset, histological grade, tumour type and size, lymph node status, oestrogen, progesterone, Her2, and Ki67 status. Numbers of samples with weak, moderate, and strong survivin expression were 9 (33.3%), 11 (40.7%), and 7 (25.9%), respectively. Most patients had nuclear survivin staining (92.6%). High survivin expression was significantly associated with negative oestrogen receptor status (p=0.007) and positive Ki67 expression (p=0.032). Ki67 expression was also positively correlated with histological grade (p=0.0009). Fourteen polymorphisms were found in BC samples, located mostly in promoter and 3'UTR of BIRC5. There was no significant difference in the distribution of polymorphisms between BC and control samples. Among clinicopathological characteristics of BC patients, alleles of five BIRC5 polymorphisms were associated with younger age of onset: c.-644T>C (55.8 years [y] vs. 48.1 y; p=0.006), c.-241C>T (54.2 y vs. 45.0; p=0.029), c.9809T>C (55.8 y vs. 48.1 y; p=0.006), c.-1547C>T (58.3 y vs. 50.9 y; p=0.011), and c.9386T>C (50.8 y vs. 59.5 y; p=0.004). To assess the significance of BIRC5 polymorphisms and survivin expression as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for BC further research with a larger sample size is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mirela Levačić Cvok
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- 4Kardinal Alojzije Stepinac Krašić Primary School, 10454 Krašić, Croatia
| | - Maja Sabol
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sonja Levanat
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Trnski
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Eljuga
- 1Eljuga Polyclinic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- 5Department for Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital for Tumors, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- 6Institute of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- 7Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gorana Aralica
- 6Institute of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- 8Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Stanec
- 5Department for Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital for Tumors, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- 2Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of survivin and its correlation with -31G/C gene polymorphism in colorectal cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:82-89. [PMID: 30128768 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) placed among the most common neoplasm. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor apoptosis gene family. This gene could be associated with aggressive behavior in numerous types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of survivin gene and its correlation with -31G/C polymorphism in CRC patients. This case-control study was performed on 90 cases: 30 adenocarcinoma, 30 adenomatous polyp, and 30 normal colon. Immunohistochemical expression of survivin evaluated on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and -31G/C polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results showed that the subjects carrying C/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.002' OR = 12.188, CI = 2.530-58.720) and G/C genotype with 43.3% (p = 0.032' OR = 4.432, CI = 1.133-17.341) significantly had increased risk of CRC compared with subjects carrying GG genotype. Allelic frequencies showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) among adenocarcinoma (G = 35%, C = 65%), adenomatous (G = 43.3, C = 56.7), and normal group (G = 68.3, C = 31.7). Immunohistological evaluation showed nuclear survivin protein expression in patients with the CC genotype higher than in patient with the GG and GC genotypes (p = 0.002). The results suggest that C allele of - 31G/C polymorphism in survivin might be cooperative in CRC development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Karimian M, Aftabi Y, Mazoochi T, Babaei F, Khamechian T, Boojari H, Nikzad H. Survivin polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer: A genetic association study and an in silico analysis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:479-491. [PMID: 30034311 PMCID: PMC6046628 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family and its polymorphisms may lead to susceptibility to cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of c.-31G>C (rs9904341), c.454G>A (rs2071214), c.*148T>C (rs2239680) and c.*571T>C (rs1042489) polymorphisms of survivin gene with prostate cancer risk and provide some justification using in silico analysis. The 157 men with prostate cancer and 145 healthy controls were included in a case-control study. The studied polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. An in silico approach was employed to show the possible effects of the polymorphisms on the survivin gene function. The study revealed that there are significant associations between c.-31CC genotype (OR= 2.29, 95 % CI= 1.20-4.37, p= 0.012), c.-31C allele (OR= 1.62, 95 % CI= 1.17-2.26, p= 0.004), c.454AG genotype (OR= 2.03, 95 % CI= 1.02-4.04, p= 0.043), and c.*148C allele (OR= 1.49, 95 % CI= 1.04-2.15, p= 0.031) with prostate cancer. Using stratified analysis, we found also significant effects of age distribution on the association of c.-31G>C with prostate cancer risk (OR= 2.10, 95 % CI= 1.08-4.10, p= 0.030). Also as a preliminary study, it was shown that smoking status has significant effects on the association of c.-31G>C (OR= 1.94, 95 % CI= 1.08-3.49, p= 0.027) and c.*148T>C (OR= 2.60, 95 % CI= 1.47-4.60, p= 0.001) polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk. Finally, in silico analysis revealed that c.-31G>C, which is located in a CpG island of the promoter may change transcriptional regulation of survivin gene and c.454G>A and *148T>C could affect protein structure and possible miRNA interaction with 3'-UTR of survivin transcript respectively. According to the results, c.-31G>C, c.454G>A, and c.*148T>C polymorphisms could be genetic risk factors for prostate cancer in an Iranian population. However, further studies with larger sample size and different ethnicities are required to obtain more comprehensive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Younes Aftabi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mazoochi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Babaei
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khamechian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Boojari
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kashan Branch, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin Y, Wang X, Yu Y, Liu W, Xie F, Ouyang X, Huang Q. Expression and prognostic significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7473-7482. [PMID: 29344191 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) is an important cell cycleregulator, and has been identified to exhibit aberrant expression in various types of cancer tissues. However, the association between CDKN1A expression level and prognosis in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma (RGA) requires additional elucidation. In the present study, the CDKN1A expression profile in RGA tissues obtained from 217 patients were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Its prognostic significance was evaluated by using the χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, and a multivariate Cox model analysis, during a median follow-up time of 51 months. The results demonstrated that CDKN1A expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM; P=0.001), recurrence (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS; P<0.001). In addition, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS times were significantly shorter in patients with low CDKN1A expression compared with those with high CDKN1A expression (RFS, 20 months vs. 69 months, P<0.001; and OS, 32 months vs. 70 months, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis additionally confirmed that low CDKN1A expression was significantly correlated with an increased risk of LNM (P=0.001), recurrence (P<0.001) and mortality (P<0.001). Therefore, these data suggest that low expression of CDKN1A has independent prognostic significance indicative of tumor progression and poor survival in patients with RGA. Evaluation of CDKN1A expression may assist in determining prognosis in patients with RGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Lin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Feilai Xie
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xuenong Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojia Huang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kavya N, Rao S, Sathyanarayana ML, Narayanaswamy HD, Byregowda SM, Ranganath L, Kamaran A, Purushotham KM, Kishore TK. Survivin expression in canine spontaneous cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors and its prognostic importance. Vet World 2017; 10:1286-1291. [PMID: 29184378 PMCID: PMC5682277 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1286-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was carried out to know the expression level of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein with an objective to determine its prognostic importance in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue tumors of dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty cases of canine cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue tumors on histopathological examination revealed various round cell, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell tumors. Survivin gene expression was detected in all tumors tested by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay by comparative cycle threshold method. RESULTS The mean survivin gene expression value of benign tumors was 0.94±0.63 folds and that of malignant tumors was 18.87±5.30 folds. Postsurgical follow up of 30 malignant tumor cases revealed death in 8, recurrence in 7, and neoplastic free alive status in 15 dogs with mean survivin fold difference values of 48.49±12.39, 14.63±6.37, and 5.034±2.27, respectively. The mean survivin gene expression value was significantly higher in malignant (30 cases, 18.87±5.30) compared to benign tumors (10 cases, 0.94±0.63), and it varied between various postsurgical follow-up groups (p<0.05). Survival analysis, using survivin gene expression median cutoff value of 3.74 in 30 malignant tumors, was performed to predict probable survival period in malignant cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of dogs. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study indicated that the expression of survivin in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors has prognostic value, and survivin expression greater than median cutoff value of 3.74 has a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Kavya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. L. Sathyanarayana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. D. Narayanaswamy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. M. Byregowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - L. Ranganath
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A. Kamaran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K. M. Purushotham
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T. K. Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family that inhibits caspases and blocks cell death, is highly expressed in most cancers and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Survivin has consistently been identified by molecular profiling analysis to be associated with high tumour grade cancers, different disease survival and recurrence. Polymorphisms in the survivin gene are emerging as powerful tools to study the biology of the disease and have the potential to be used in disease prognosis and diagnosis. The survivin gene polymorphisms have also been reported to influence tumour aggressiveness as well as survival of cancer patients. The differential expression of survivin in cancer cells compared to normal tissues and its role as a nodal protein in a number of cellular pathways make it a high target for different therapeutics. This review discusses the complex circuitry of survivin in human cancers and gene variants of survivin, and highlights novel therapy that targets this important protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R D Mittal
- Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Javid J, Mir R, Julka PK, Ray PC, Saxena A. Role of survivin re-expression in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5543-50. [PMID: 25677909 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is highly expressed in fetal tissue and is completely absent in terminally differentiated cells, but its re-expression has been observed in most human tumors. Presently, we aimed to analyze the possible impact of the survivin gene (-31G > C, rs 9904341) promoter polymorphism on the expression profile of survivin gene and ultimately the role of survivin re-expression in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer. A case-control study of 100 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 100 cancer-free healthy controls was conducted. Survivin gene promoter polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique, and the survivin expression profile was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR assay. Compared to the survivin GG genotype, odd ratio of 3.2 (95 % CI 4.8-25.9, p = 0.004) was found to be associated to homozygous CC genotype with 15-fold increase of survivin gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Significant trend of increase in survivin expression was observed with the increase in severity of the disease. Patients with survivin (-31CC) genotype had significantly shorter overall survival compared to survivin (-31GG) genotype carriers. In addition, advanced disease status and significant poor overall survival were also reflected by patients with higher-fold increase in survivin gene expression. In conclusion, present study demonstrated that survivin (-31G > C) polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer in Indian population. Survivin (-31CC) genotype was associated with significantly increased survivin gene expression and ultimately may contribute in the poor clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer patients, suggesting its possible significance in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamsheed Javid
- Cancer Genetics Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tao KY, Li XX, Xu WZ, Wang Y, Zhu SM, Xie HX, Luo WH, Xu YJ, Xu XL. Prognostic role of apoptosis-related gene functional variants in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:147-55. [PMID: 25609982 PMCID: PMC4298310 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s74855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes have been shown to play a role in the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy and may influence clinical outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the correlations of four functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms − FAS −670 A>G, FAS ligand −844 T>C, survivin −31 G>C, and survivin 9386 C>T – with drug response and clinical outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Materials and methods Polymorphisms were evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique. Results Patients with the CC genotype of FAS −670 A>G had worse overall survival (OS) than those with the CT or TT genotype (P=0.044), with median OS values of 20.1 months, 22.8 months, and 26.0 months, respectively. Furthermore, progression-free survival was associated with the FAS −670 A>G polymorphism (P=0.032). In addition, patients with the TC and CC genotypes of survivin 9386 C>T experienced improved survival compared with patients with the TT genotype (median OS 31.4 months and 22.8 months, respectively). Conclusion The functional FAS −670 A>G and survivin 9386 C>T polymorphisms are potential independent prognostic factors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Xing Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Mei Zhu
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Xia Xie
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Luo
- Department of Radio-Chemotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory on Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prognostic value of differential CCND1 expression in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 32:338. [PMID: 25452171 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) plays essential roles in cancer progression. In this study, CCND1 expression patterns in 211 cases of resected gastric adenocarcinoma (RGA) tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry, and the association between CCND1 expression levels and RGA prognosis was analyzed. RGA tissues displayed differential CCND1 expression (high expression, 52.1 %; n = 110, and low expression, 47.9 %; n = 101). CCND1 expression levels were related with median overall survival time (MST). MST in patients with high CCND1 expression was 43 months, whereas with low CCND1 expression it was 62 months (P = 0.013). When data were stratified by postoperative treatments and CCND1 expression levels, the MST for patients treated with fluoropyrimidine plus platinum (n = 140) was significantly longer than for those treated with fluoropyrimidine only (n = 71) in both high and low CCND1 expression groups (65.0 vs. 29.0 months, P = 0.041; and 74.5 vs. 33.0 months, P = 0.003, respectively). Cox multivariate analyses further confirmed that high CCND1 expression was related with poor prognosis in both treatment groups [hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.12-3.23; P = 0.017, and HR 2.14, 95 % CI 1.08-4.25; P = 0.029] and that fluoropyrimidine plus platinum was more effective than fluoropyrimidine only in high CCND1 (HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.28-0.78; P = 0.004) and low CCND1 (HR 0.44; 95 % CI 0.23-0.82; P = 0.01) expression patients. Therefore, CCND1 may be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with RGA.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yamak N, Yaykasli KO, Yilmaz U, Eroz R, Uzunlar AK, Ankarali H, Sahiner C, Baltaci D. Association Between Survivin Gene Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Colon Cancer Development in the Turkish Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8963-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
22
|
Wang X, Lin Y, Lan F, Yu Y, Ouyang X, Liu W, Xie F, Wang X, Huang Q. BAX and CDKN1A polymorphisms correlated with clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy. Med Oncol 2014; 31:249. [PMID: 25267570 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the correlation between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of apoptosis-related genes and clinical outcomes in gastric cancer. A total of 221 patients with stage T2 and T3 gastric cancer treated with postoperative chemotherapy between 2003 and 2008 were retrospectively collected in this study to explore the association of rs4645878 located in BAX gene and rs1801270 located in CDKN1A gene with survival, recurrence, and toxicity to chemotherapy. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the BAX expression in gastric cancer tissues. Patients carrying at least one variant genotype in BAX SNP (rs4645878) showed a significantly increased recurrence risk [hazard ratio (HR) 2.63; 95 % confidence internal (95 % CI) 1.71-4.03] and poor survival (HR 2.89; 95 % CI 1.88-4.44). Moreover, the recurrence and survival rate in patients with GA genotype was 72.7 and 24.7 %, respectively, compared with total recurrence rate of 54.8 %, P = 0.006, and compared with total survival rate of 46.6 %, P = 0.001. In addition, the GA genotype was related to lower BAX expression in gastric cancer tissues. The CDKN1A (rs1801270) mutant genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of hematologic toxicity [odds ratio (OR) 0.28; 95 % CI 0.12-0.63]. SNPs located in BAX and CDKN1A genes are closely associated with clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Lin Y, Lan F, Yu Y, Ouyang X, Wang X, Huang Q, Wang L, Tan J, Zheng F. A GG allele of 3'-side AKT1 SNP is associated with decreased AKT1 activation and better prognosis of gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1399-411. [PMID: 24737346 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE v-akt Murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) pathway is critically involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, and survival. We examined the correlation between the genetic variations in molecules of AKT pathway and clinical outcomes of gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the four core genes of AKT pathway, namely the PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, and mTOR, were determined in 221 patients with stage T2 and T3 gastric cancer. Additionally, the activation of AKT1 in gastric cancer tissues was examined by immunostaining. The correlation between SNPs, AKT activation, and the progress of gastric cancer was analyzed after an average of 51-month follow-up. RESULTS The overall recurrence and survival rate in this study group were 54.8 and 46.6 %, respectively. The recurrence rate was reduced 30.4 %, and the survival rate was increased 33.7 % in patients with GG allele of a 3'-side AKT1 SNP (rs2498804). Significantly, GG allele was associated with lower AKT1 activation in gastric cancer tissues. On the contrary, CC allele of PTEN (rs701848) was associated with the increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.06, 95 % CI 1.19-3.58) and patient death (HR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.15-3.53). CONCLUSIONS The genetic variants in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT especially the GG allele in 3' side of AKT1 are closely related to clinical outcomes of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital (Dongfang Hospital), Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu ZM, Ouyang X, Luo HL, Huang J, Zhu PQ. Survivin gene promoter polymorphisms: Clinical significance and association with susceptibility to colon cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1334-1340. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i9.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of survivin gene promoter polymorphisms and their association with susceptibility to colon cancer.
METHODS: The -31G/C, -241T/C, -625G/C and -644T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms in the survivin gene promoter region were genotyped in 217 colon cancer specimens and 198 normal people specimens by PCR-RFLP.
RESULTS: The frequency of the -31G/C locus containing the G allele (CG + GG) in colon cancer patients (60.8%) was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (60.8% vs 72.7%, P = 0.010, OR = 0.582, 95%CI: 0.385-0.882). The -31G/C site G variation was associated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.019), extent of tumor invasion (P = 0.008), and distant metastasis (P = 0.0008). Other three survivin polymorphisms had no significant differences between the colon cancer group and normal control group, and showed no significant correlation with tumor differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis or tumor distant metastasis.
CONCLUSION: The -31G/C locus carrying the G allele significantly decreases susceptibility to colon cancer, and the G variant genotype is a protective factor against colon cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Association between survivin -31G>C polymorphism and cancer risk: meta-analysis of 29 studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:179-88. [PMID: 24077840 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of evidence has shown the possible relevance of survivin -31G>C (rs9904341) promoter polymorphism to the genetic susceptibility of cancer. Because of the lack of available conclusive data, we performed a meta-analysis of all relevant available studies to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of Medline electronic database was conducted to collect relevant studies until August 18, 2013. References of the retrieved articles were also screened. The extracted data were statistically analyzed, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association strength using Stata version 11.2 software. RESULTS A total of 29 studies with 7,473 cancer cases and 9,086 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled analysis revealed that suvivin -31G>C polymorphism was significantly associated with increased cancer risk under multiple genetic models (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.37, 95 % CI 1.06–1.76; CC vs. CG: OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.10–1.46; CC vs. CG + GG: OR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.10–1.57). In subgroup analysis with different cancer types, the -31G>C polymorphism significantly increased the risk of colorectal, gastric, and urothelial cancers, while this SNP remarkably decreased the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma. Further stratification analysis by ethnicity showed an increasing cancer risk in the Asian population (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.17–2.21; CC vs. CG: OR = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.12–1.53; CC vs. CG + GG: OR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.16–1.77) but not in Europeans. CONCLUSIONS The survivin -31G>C polymorphism is associated with elevated cancer risk, especially among colorectal, gastric, and urothelial cancers and Asian populations.
Collapse
|
26
|
Survivin rs9904341 (G>C) polymorphism contributes to cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis of 26 studies. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1661-9. [PMID: 24096544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, encoded by BIRC5, is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and in cell cycle control. Emerging evidences indicate that polymorphism in BIRC5 promoter (rs9904341) is associated with cancer risk, but the results of individually published studies are inconclusive. Thus, an updated meta-analysis was performed. PubMed was searched for all eligible studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association strength. Stratified analysis was performed by cancer type, source of control, genotyping method, and ethnicity. A number of 26 studies, including 6,041 cases and 7,567 controls were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly increased cancer risk was associated with survivin rs9904341 polymorphism when all studies were pooled (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.36, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.69; P heterogeneity < 0.001; CC vs GC/GG: OR = 1.32, 95 % CI = 1.11-1.57; P heterogeneity < 0.001). Stratified analysis by cancer type revealed that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, gastric cancer, and bladder cancer. Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated that there was a statistically increased cancer risk in Asians but not Caucasians. In this updated meta-analysis of 26 studies, we conclude that the survivin rs9904341 polymorphism might contribute to risk of various cancers, especially in Asian populations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Tang R, Liu Y, Li J. Association of survivin polymorphisms with tumor susceptibility: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74778. [PMID: 24098667 PMCID: PMC3787000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survivin polymorphisms have been shown to confer genetic susceptibility to various tumors, but the results are inconsistent. In order to accomplish a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Results For rs9904341, a significantly increased tumor risk was found in overall meta-analysis under C/C vs. G/G (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13–1.74, p = 0.002), dominant (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.38, p = 0.039) and recessive (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.13–1.58, p = 0.001) genetic models and Asians group. In subgroup analyses of tumor types, we found a significant association between this SNP and an increased risk of gastric, colorectal, bladder and other tumors as well as a decreased risk of hepatocellular cancer. For rs17878467, a significantly decreased tumor risk was identified in overall meta-analysis for allele contrast (T vs. C: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92, p = 0.012), C/T vs. C/C (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42–0.88, p = 0.009) and dominant (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43–0.88, p = 0.007) genetic models and Asians group. For rs2071214, we found a significant association between this SNP and an increased tumor risk in overall meta-analysis under G/G vs. A/A (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.04–2.18, p = 0.029) and recessive (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.07–2.22, p = 0.020) genetic models and Asians group. Besides, there was a significant association of rs8073069 with an increased tumor risk under recessive genetic model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01–1.84, p = 0.040), while no significant association between rs1042489 and tumor risk was detected. Conclusions The survivin rs9904341 most likely contributed to increased susceptibility to tumor in Asians as well as to gastric, colorectal and bladder cancers. As for rs17878467, the T allele might be a protective factor for tumor, especially in Asians. Moreover, the survivin rs8073069 and rs2071214 seemed to be associated with an increased tumor risk in Asians, while there was no association between the survivin rs1042489 and tumor risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shisheng Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen J, Cui X, Zhou H, Qin C, Cao Q, Ju X, Li P, Cai H, Zhu J, Meng X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Shao P, Li J, Yin C. Functional promoter -31G/C variant of Survivin gene predict prostate cancer susceptibility among Chinese: a case control study. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:356. [PMID: 23883402 PMCID: PMC3765859 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5, also called as survivin), a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, has implications in many types of cancer and is considered as a new therapeutic target. We suppose that genetic variant rs9904341 in the 5′ UTR region of survivin gene may be associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) in Chinese population. Methods TaqMan assay method was used to genotype the polymorphism in the hospital-based case–control analysis of 665 patients with PCa and 710 age-matched cancer-free controls. The genetic associations with the occurrence and progression of PCa were calculated by logistic regression. Results Our results indicated that compared with GG genotypes, there was a statistically significant increased risk of PCa associated with those with CC genotypes [odds ratios (ORs) = 1.57, 95%confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.17-2.13, P = 0.004]. Moreover, stratification analysis revealed that the association was more pronounced in subgroups of nondrinkers, nonsmokers and those without a family history of cancer (all P < 0.05). In addition, we observed that PSA ≥ 20 was more frequent in patients carrying GC/CC genotypes than in those with a wild type genotype. Conclusion The functional survivin rs9904341 genetic variant may have a substantial influence on the PCa susceptibility and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang H, Wen X, Lu X, Zhang H. Association between NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3377-81. [PMID: 23873104 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) rs1800566 (Pro187Ser) is a functional polymorphism which leads to a proline-to-serine amino acid substitution at codon 187 in the NQO1 protein and enzyme activity changes. NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism was implicated to be associated with a risk of bladder cancer, but published studies showed inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis of nine publications with a total of 2,661 cases and 2,738 controls on the association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer. Data were extracted from those included studies, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the association. We found that there was no association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer under all four genetic models (Ser vs. Pro, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.97-1.16, P = 0.21, I(2) = 31%; SerSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.89-1.42, P = 0.33, I(2) = 44%; SerSer/ProSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.96-1.21, P = 0.20, I(2) = 27%; SerSer vs. ProPro/ProSer, OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.85-1.32, P = 0.59, I(2) = 36%). Meta-analysis of those eight studies from Europeans also showed that there was no association between NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer under all four genetic models (Ser vs. Pro, OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.93-1.13, P = 0.66, I(2) = 20%; SerSer vs. ProPro, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75-1.30, P = 0.93, I(2) = 38%; SerSer/ProSer vs. ProPro, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.92-1.17, P = 0.55, I(2) = 6%; SerSer vs. ProPro/ProSer, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.75-1.28, P = 0.87, I(2) = 39%). This meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 rs1800566 polymorphism is not associated with a risk of bladder cancer. Further studies with larger samples are needed, especially for studies in Asians and Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Zhumadian City, Zhumadian City, Henan Province, 463000, China,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
The association between the Survivin A9194G exon polymorphisms and papillary thyroid carcinoma risk in the Han Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:151-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Mostaan LV, Tabari A, Amiri P, Ashtiani MK, Mahdkhah A, Yazdani N, Khaniki M, Tabari A, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Amoli MM. Survivin Gene Polymorphism Association with Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:74-7. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Tabari
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Amiri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aydin Mahdkhah
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Yazdani
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khaniki
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Tabari
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Survivin promoter polymorphisms and autoantibodies in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 96:95-100. [PMID: 23131769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is increased in endometriotic lesions and probably favors the survival of endometrial fragments in the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between survivin promoter polymorphisms and the risk of endometriosis, as well as to compare the immunoreactivity to survivin in sera of patients with and without endometriosis. We studied 149 women with endometriosis, 196 fertile women from the general population (control group A) and 47 women who had undergone diagnostic laparoscopy and had no evidence of endometriosis (control group B). There were no significant differences in the genotypic distribution of the survivin gene promoter region -241C/T, -235G/A and -31G/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) between endometriosis patients and the two control groups. In addition, also median anti-survivin autoantibody levels were similar among patients and controls (group B). However, anti-survivin antibody concentrations seemed to be influenced by cigarette smoking, being significantly lower in sera of actively smoking women compared to non-smokers (median OD: 0.019 vs. 0.155, respectively, P<0.001), and by the -235G/A SNP, as A allele carriers were significantly more frequent among women with a high antibody level (OD≥2.0) compared to those with lower concentrations (OD<2.0) (23.1% vs. 4.1%, respectively, P=0.008). Based on these results, we conclude that survivin promoter polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to endometriosis in the Estonian population, and though the expression of survivin is increased in endometriotic lesions, autoimmune reactivity against it is similar in women with and without the disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Survivin gene promoter -31 G/C polymorphism is associated with Wilms tumor susceptibility in Serbian children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:e310-4. [PMID: 22858571 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31825d3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, an apoptotic inhibitor, is overexpressed in various types of cancer. Mechanisms of survivin upregulation are still poorly understood, but single nucleotide polymorphisms in the survivin gene promoter have been shown to modulate survivin expression and consequently the risk for some types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether survivin promoter -31 G/C and -241 C/T polymorphisms could represent susceptibility factors for Wilms tumor (WT) development in Serbian population. Genotype and allele frequencies for the 2 polymorphisms in survivin promoter have been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism in 59 WT patients and 82 controls. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were significantly different between patients and controls for the -31 G/C polymorphism. Individuals with CC and CG genotypes had significantly decreased risk of WT compared with GG individuals (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.96; odds ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.60). There was also a statistically significant difference in genotype frequencies between intermediate and high-risk prognostic groups (P=0.015). The -241 C/T polymorphism did not show association with WT susceptibility. Our findings suggest that the G allele at -31 survivin gene promoter position is associated with a significantly higher cancer risk in Serbian children, with a gene dosage effect.
Collapse
|
34
|
Andric M, Nikolic N, Boskovic M, Milicic B, Skodric S, Basta Jovanovic G, Milasin J. Survivin gene promoter polymorphism -31G/C as a risk factor for keratocystic odontogenic tumor development. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:9-13. [PMID: 22288915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in survivin gene promoters, notably -31G/C, have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of the survivin protein. Consequently, the -31G/C polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of several types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the -31G/C polymorphism and the risk for keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) development. DNA from 52 biopsy specimens of KCOTs and from 82 buccal swabs of healthy individuals was subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify individual genotypes. The distribution of genotypes in KCOT and control groups, respectively, was: GG: 30 (57.7%) vs. 26 (31.7%); CG: 17 (32.7%) vs. 45 (54.9%); and CC: 5 (9.6%) vs. 11 (13.4%), respectively. These differences were statistically significant. The G allele was more common in the KCOT group than in the control group: 76 (74%) vs. 96 (59%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that GC heterozygotes had a considerably decreased susceptibility for KCOTs compared with GG homozygotes. The same was true for GC+CC vs. GG. The GG genotype of the -31G/C polymorphism might be a risk factor for KCOT development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Andric
- University of Belgrade, School of Dentistry, Clinic of Oral Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Association between survivin -31G > C promoter polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:790-5. [PMID: 22274581 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and has a crucial role in the development of cancer. The survivin -31G>C (rs9904341) promoter polymorphism influences survivin expression and has been implicated in cancer risk. However, conflicting results have been published from studies on the association between survivin -31G>C polymorphism and the risk of cancer. To clarify the role of this polymorphism in cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of all available and relevant published studies, involving a total of 3485 cancer patients and 3964 control subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. The overall results indicated that the variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased cancer risk (CC vs GG: OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.20-2.10; CC/GC vs GG: OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.00-1.51; CC vs GG/GC: OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.23-1.85). In the stratified analyses, significantly increased risk was associated with the Asian populations (CC vs GG: OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.16-2.40; CC vs GG/GC: OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.17-1.91). We also performed the analyses by cancer type, and no statistical association was observed. The results suggest that the survivin -31G>C promoter polymorphism might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, especially in the Asian populations.
Collapse
|
36
|
Qin C, Cao Q, Li P, Ju X, Wang M, Chen J, Wu Y, Meng X, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Lu Q, Yin C. Functional promoter -31G>C variant in survivin gene is associated with risk and progression of renal cell cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28829. [PMID: 22295057 PMCID: PMC3266235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and is involved in the occurrence and progression of human malignancies. Recently, a functional polymorphism (−31G>C, rs9904341) in the promoter of survivin has been shown to influence its expression and confer susceptibility to different types of cancer. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the polymorphism also influences susceptibility and progression of renal cell cancer (RCC) in a Chinese population. Methods We genotyped this polymorphism using the TaqMan assay in a case-control study comprised of 710 RCC patients and 760 controls. The logistic regression was used to assess the genetic association with occurrence and progression of RCC. Results Compared with the genotypes containing G allele (GG and GC), we found a statistically significant increased occurrence of RCC associated with the CC genotype [P = 0.006, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.76]. The polymorphism was associated with risk of developing advanced stage (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.34–3.07) and moderately differentiated (OR = 1.75; 95%CI = 1.20–2.54) RCC. Furthermore, the patients carrying the CC genotype had a significantly greater prevalence of high clinical stage disease (Ptrend = 0.003). Similar results were also observed when we restricted the analysis to clear cell RCC, a major histological type of RCC. Conclusions Our results suggest that the functional −31G>C polymorphism in the promoter of survivin may influence the susceptibility and progression of RCC in the Chinese population. Large population-based prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jaiswal PK, Goel A, Mandhani A, Mittal RD. Functional polymorphisms in promoter survivin gene and its association with susceptibility to bladder cancer in North Indian cohort. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5615-21. [PMID: 22193624 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of novel inhibitor of apoptosis protein family which expressed in human cancers. The molecular detection of bladder cancer by targeting Survivin as a novel marker may be useful in the occurrence and progression of cancer. We genotyped Survivin -31G>C, -1547A>G and -241C>T by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism to evaluate the risk of bladder cancer (BC) in 200 BC patients and 200 healthy controls from North Indian cohort. We observed significant increased BC risk associated with variant CC genotype of Survivin -31G>C having 2.6 fold risk. The variant genotype of Survivin -1547A>G was significantly associated with BC risk (P = 0.047). In case of Survivin -241C>T the protective genotype for BC was heterozygous (P = 0.035). Smoking significantly modulated the risk in patients with Survivin -1547A>G polymorphism. Variant as well as hetero genotype of Survivin -31G>C was associated with reduced risk of recurrence (HR = 0.22 and 0.35) in BC patients receiving BCG treatment thus showing least survival. Furthermore, the haplotype analysis revealed C-A-T haplotype to be associated with reduced BC risk. Our findings suggested that the functional polymorphism -31G>C, -1547A>G and -241C>T in the promoter of Survivin gene may play a significant role in mediating the BC risk among North Indian cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Mittal B. Survivin promoter -31G/C (rs9904341) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1509-16. [PMID: 21611748 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association of survivin -31 G/C promoter polymorphism and cancer risk. Thirteen case-control studies identified through PubMed and published between 2007 and 2011 with a total of 3329 cancer cases and 3979 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to investigate the strength of the association. Overall, the pooled analysis showed that survivin -31C allele was associated with 1.27 fold increased risk of cancer compared with the -31G allele (95% CI = 1.091-1.479; random model). Subgroup analyses based on type of cancer and ethnicity were also performed, and results indicated that survivin -31G/C polymorphism was not associated with risk of gastric cancer [OR = 2.879; 95% CI = 0.553-15.004) for CC vs.GG] and esophageal cancer [OR = 1.352; 95% CI = 0.494-3.699) for CC vs.GG]. Stratification on the basis of ethnicity showed that the risk due to -31C allele was significant only in Asian population [OR = 1.894; 95% CI = 1.206-2.974 for CC vs.GG]. The present meta-analysis suggests an important role of survivin -31 G/C polymorphism with cancer risk especially in Asian population. However, further studies with larger sample size are required to draw more comprehensive conclusions and provide more precise evidence in individual cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|