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Chen B, Guo L, Wang L, Wu P, Zheng X, Tan C, Xie N, Sun X, Zhou M, Huang H, Hao N, Lei Y, Yan K, Wu D, Du Y. Leveraging cell death patterns to predict metastasis in prostate adenocarcinoma and targeting PTGDS for tumor suppression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21680. [PMID: 39289451 PMCID: PMC11408614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Diverse programmed cell death (PCD) patterns play an important role in tumor metastasis and hold promise as predictive indicators for PRAD metastasis. Using the LASSO Cox regression method, we developed PCD score (PCDS) based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PCD. Clinical correlation, external validation, functional enrichment analysis, mutation landscape analysis, tumor immune environment analysis, and immunotherapy analysis were conducted. The role of Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (PTGDS) in PRAD was examined through in vitro experiments, single-cell, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. PCDS is elevated in patients with higher Gleason scores, higher T stage, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Individuals with higher PCDS are prone to metastasis, metastasis after BCR, BCR, and castration resistance. Moreover, PRAD patients with low PCDS responded positively to immunotherapy. Random forest analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis identified PTGDS as the top gene associated with PRAD metastasis and in vitro experiments revealed that PTGDS was considerably downregulated in PRAD cells against normal prostate cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of PTGDS was found to suppress the migration, invasion, proliferationof DU145 and LNCaP cells. To sum up, PCDS may be a useful biomarker for forecasting the possibility of metastasis, recurrence, castration resistance, and the efficacy of immunotherapy in PRAD patients. Additionally, PTGDS was identified as a viable therapeutic target for the management of PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peiqiang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congzhu Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Hao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yangyang Lei
- Yan'an University, Yan'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yuefeng Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Western Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Chen W, Jiang J, Gao J, Wang G, Wang R, Lv J, Ben J. Roles and signaling pathways of CITED1 in tumors: overview and novel insights. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231220890. [PMID: 38190845 PMCID: PMC10775745 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231220890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
CBP/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1 (CITED1) is a transcriptional activator belonging to the non-DNA-binding transcription co-regulator family. It regulates diverse pathways, including the transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein/SMAD, estrogen, Wnt-β-catenin, and androgen-AR signaling pathways, by binding to CBP/p300 co-activators through its conserved transactivation domain CR2. CITED1 plays an important role in embryonic development and a certain regulatory role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. In this article, the biological characteristics, expression regulation, participating signaling pathways, and potential roles of CITED1 in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Chen
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jianing Jiang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jinqi Gao
- Department of Intervention, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyan Lv
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Ben
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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3
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Associations of phthalates with prostate cancer among the US population. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 116:108337. [PMID: 36646329 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to harmful phthalates has raised global health concerns. According to cellular and molecular investigations, phthalates and their metabolites can promote prostate cancer (PCa). Despite being a prevalent cancer afflicting the global male population, the epidemiological association between phthalates and prostate cancer remains understudied. This work aims to investigate whether phthalate metabolites are related to prostate cancer. Moreover, we sought to understand whether their elevated concentrations are associated with increased serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), among non-prostate cancer interviewees. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2010, we screened eligible men aged 20 years or older. Then, crude and multivariate regression models were constructed to assess the relationship. The phthalates significantly related to PCa were analyzed based on variables associated with PCa status and PSA. The molar sum ∑di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (∑DEHP) was simultaneously associated with increased risk of PCa and increasing PSA concentrations. Among PCa-related phthalates, high molecular weight phthalate metabolites included mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and three metabolites of DEHP. In summary, phthalates are potentially associated with prostate tumorigenesis in the US population. However, additional in-depth prospective studies in different ethnic groups are required to validate the causality between both.
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Ryu YC, Park J, Kim YR, Choi S, Kim GU, Kim E, Hwang Y, Kim H, Han G, Lee SH, Choi KY. CXXC5 Mediates DHT-Induced Androgenetic Alopecia via PGD 2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040555. [PMID: 36831222 PMCID: PMC9954685 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people suffering from hair loss is increasing, and hair loss occurs not only in older men but also in women and young people. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a well-known alopecia inducer. However, the mechanism by which PGD2 induces alopecia is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized CXXC5, a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as a mediator for hair loss by PGD2. The hair loss by PGD2 was restored by Cxxc5 knock-out or treatment of protein transduction domain-Dishevelled binding motif (PTD-DBM), a peptide activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via interference with the Dishevelled (Dvl) binding function of CXXC5. In addition, suppression of neogenic hair growth by PGD2 was also overcome by PTD-DBM treatment or Cxxc5 knock-out as shown by the wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) model. Moreover, we found that CXXC5 also mediates DHT-induced hair loss via PGD2. DHT-induced hair loss was alleviated by inhibition of both GSK-3β and CXXC5 functions. Overall, CXXC5 mediates the hair loss by the DHT-PGD2 axis through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Chan Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Rin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Uk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejene Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Hoon Lee
- CK Regeon Inc., B137 Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- CK Regeon Inc., B137 Engineering Research Park, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Application of Proteogenomics to Urine Analysis towards the Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: An Exploratory Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082001. [PMID: 35454907 PMCID: PMC9031064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers. Due to the limited and invasive approaches for PCa diagnosis, it is crucial to identify more accurate and non-invasive biomarkers for its detection. The aim of our study was to non-invasively uncover new protein targets for detecting PCa using a proteomics and proteogenomics approach. This work identified several dysregulated mutant protein isoforms in urine from PCa patients, some of them predicted to have a protective or an adverse role in these patients. These results are promising given urine’s non-invasive nature and offers an auspicious opportunity for research and development of PCa biomarkers. Abstract To identify new protein targets for PCa detection, first, a shotgun discovery experiment was performed to characterize the urinary proteome of PCa patients. This revealed 18 differentially abundant urinary proteins in PCa patients. Second, selected targets were clinically tested by immunoblot, and the soluble E-cadherin fragment was detected for the first time in the urine of PCa patients. Third, the proteogenome landscape of these PCa patients was characterized, revealing 1665 mutant protein isoforms. Statistical analysis revealed 6 differentially abundant mutant protein isoforms in PCa patients. Analysis of the likely effects of mutations on protein function and PPIs involving the dysregulated mutant protein isoforms suggests a protective role of mutations HSPG2*Q1062H and VASN*R161Q and an adverse role of AMBP*A286G and CD55*S162L in PCa patients. This work originally characterized the urinary proteome, focusing on the proteogenome profile of PCa patients, which is usually overlooked in the analysis of PCa and body fluids. Combined analysis of mass spectrometry data using two different software packages was performed for the first time in the context of PCa, which increased the robustness of the data analysis. The application of proteogenomics to urine proteomic analysis can be very enriching in mutation-related diseases such as cancer.
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Identification of Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma Based on the Stromal-Immune Score and Analysis of the WGCNA and ceRNA Network. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1909196. [PMID: 35075375 PMCID: PMC8783709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1909196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is still a significant global health burden in the coming decade. Novel biomarkers for detection and prognosis are needed to improve the survival of distant and advanced stage prostate cancer patients. The tumor microenvironment is an important driving factor for tumor biological functions. To investigate RNA prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer in the tumor microenvironment, we obtained relevant data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used the bioinformatics tools Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm and weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct tumor microenvironment stromal-immune score-based competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, the Cox regression model was performed to screen RNAs associated with prostate cancer survival. The differentially expressed gene profile in tumor stroma was significantly enriched in microenvironment functions, like immune response, cancer-related pathways, and cell adhesion-related pathways. Based on these differentially expressed genes, we constructed three ceRNA networks with 152 RNAs associated with the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment. Cox regression analysis screened 31 RNAs as the potential prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. The most interesting 8 prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer included lncRNA LINC01082, miRNA hsa-miR-133a-3p, and genes TTLL12, PTGDS, GAS6, CYP27A1, PKP3, and ZG16B. In this systematic study for ceRNA networks in the tumor environment, we screened out potential biomarkers to predict prognosis for prostate cancer. Our findings might apply a valuable tool to improve prostate cancer clinical management and the new target for mechanism study and therapy.
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Abstract
Tumor cells frequently disseminate to distant organ sites, where they encounter permissive or restrictive environments that enable them to grow and colonize or enter a dormant state. Tumor dormancy is not strictly defined, but generally describes a tumor cell that is non-proliferative or in a state of balanced equilibrium, in which the proliferation rate of the tumor cell or cells is equal to its rate of cell death. The mechanisms that regulate tumor cell entry into and exit from dormancy are poorly understood, but microenvironmental features as well as tumor cell intrinsic factors play an important role in mediating this transition. Upon homing to distant metastatic sites, tumor cells may disseminate into various niches, most frequently the perivascular, hematopoietic stem cell, or endosteal/osteogenic niche. Tumor cells sense the cytokines, growth factors, and chemo-attractants from each of these niches, and tumor cell expression of cognate ligands and receptors can determine whether a tumor cell enters or exits dormancy. In addition to the secreted factors and cell-cell interactions that regulate dormancy, the cellular milieu also impacts upon disseminated tumor cells to promote or restrain their growth in distant metastatic sites. In this chapter we will discuss the role of the osteogenic and perivascular niche on dormant tumor cells, as well as the impact of hypoxia (low oxygen tensions) and the immune system on the restriction and outgrowth of dormant, disseminated tumor cells.
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Todd VM, Johnson RW. Hypoxia in bone metastasis and osteolysis. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:144-154. [PMID: 32561416 PMCID: PMC7429356 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in tumors, driving pathways that promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. Clinically, high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression and stabilization at the primary site in many cancer types is associated with poor patient outcomes. Experimental evidence suggests that HIF signaling in the primary tumor promotes their dissemination to the bone, as well as the release of factors such as LOX that act distantly on the bone to stimulate osteolysis and form a pre-metastatic niche. Additionally, the bone itself is a generally hypoxic organ, fueling the activation of HIF signaling in bone resident cells, promoting tumor cell homing to the bone as well as osteoclastogenesis. The hypoxic microenvironment of the bone also stimulates the vicious cycle of tumor-induced bone destruction, further fueling tumor cell growth and osteolysis. Furthermore, hypoxia appears to regulate key tumor dormancy factors. Thus, hypoxia acts both on the tumor cells as well as the metastatic site to promote tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera M Todd
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P, Carpi A. Minimal residual disease in advanced or metastatic solid cancers: The G0-G1 state and immunotherapy are key to unwinding cancer complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:68-82. [PMID: 32201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, a large amount of research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms that account for homing disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) from solid tumours to distant organs, which successively progress to overt metastatic disease; this is currently incurable. A better understanding of DCC behaviour is expected to allow detectable metastasis prevention by more effectively targeting 'metastatic seeds before they sprout'. As DCC biology co-evolved with that of the primary tumour, and due to the many similarities between them, the term 'niche' has been borrowed from normal adult stem cells (ASCs) to define the site of DCC metastatic colonisation. Moreover, heterogeneity, survival, protection, stemness and plasticity as well as the prolonged G0-G1 dormant state in the metastatic niche have been the main aspects of intense investigation. Consistent with these findings, in solid cancers with minimal residual disease (MRD), it has been proposed to prolong adjuvant therapy by targeting specific molecular pathway(s) involving DCC dormancy. However, so far, few disappointing clinical data have been reported. As an alternative strategy, because immune-surveillance contributes to the steady state of the DCC population and likely to the G0-G1 state of cancer cells, we have used prolonged immune-modulatory cytostatic chemotherapy, active immune stimulation with an INF-β/IL-2 sequence or drugs inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)/Treg-mediated immune suppression. This strategy, mainly aimed at boosting the immune response, is based on recent findings suggesting the downregulation of immune escape mechanisms as well as other principal hallmarks during the G0-G1 state and/or in MRD. Preliminary clinical and/or laboratory data suggest the efficacy of this strategy in gastrointestinal and some endocrine-dependent cancers. Following this, we propose therapeutic schedules to prevent DCC activation and proliferation in solid cancers at a high risk of relapse or as maintenance therapy in metastatic patients after complete response (CR) to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- National Research Council (CNR), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology and G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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TIP5 primes prostate luminal cells for the oncogenic transformation mediated by PTEN-loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3637-3647. [PMID: 32024754 PMCID: PMC7035629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911673117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell of origin and the temporal order of oncogenic events in tumors play important roles for disease state. This is of particular interest for PCa due to its highly variable clinical outcome. However, these features are difficult to analyze in tumors. We established an in vitro murine PCa organoid model taking into account the cell of origin and the temporal order of events. We found that TIP5 primes luminal prostate cells for Pten-loss mediated oncogenic transformation whereas it is dispensable once the transformation is established. Cross-species transcriptomic analyses revealed a PTEN-loss gene signature that identified a set of aggressive tumors with PTEN-del, or low PTEN expression, and high-TIP5 expression. This paper provides a powerful tool to elucidate PCa mechanisms. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Its clinical and molecular heterogeneities and the lack of in vitro models outline the complexity of PCa in the clinical and research settings. We established an in vitro mouse PCa model based on organoid technology that takes into account the cell of origin and the order of events. Primary PCa with deletion of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (PTEN-del) can be modeled through Pten-down-regulation in mouse organoids. We used this system to elucidate the contribution of TIP5 in PCa initiation, a chromatin regulator that is implicated in aggressive PCa. High TIP5 expression correlates with primary PTEN-del PCa and this combination strongly associates with reduced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence-free survival. TIP5 is critical for the initiation of PCa of luminal origin mediated by Pten-loss whereas it is dispensable once Pten-loss mediated transformation is established. Cross-species analyses revealed a PTEN gene signature that identified a group of aggressive primary PCas characterized by PTEN-del, high-TIP5 expression, and a TIP5-regulated gene expression profile. The results highlight the modeling of PCa with organoids as a powerful tool to elucidate the role of genetic alterations found in recent studies in their time orders and cells of origin, thereby providing further optimization for tumor stratification to improve the clinical management of PCa.
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Mayhew V, Omokehinde T, Johnson RW. Tumor dormancy in bone. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1156. [PMID: 32632400 PMCID: PMC7337256 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow is a common site of metastasis for a number of tumor types, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, but the mechanisms controlling tumor dormancy in bone are poorly understood. In breast cancer, while advances in drug development, screening practices, and surgical techniques have dramatically improved survival rates in recent decades, metastatic recurrence in the bone remains common and can develop years or decades after elimination of the primary tumor. Recent Findings It is now understood that tumor cells disseminate to distant metastatic sites at early stages of tumor progression, leaving cancer survivors at a high risk of recurrence. This review will discuss mechanisms of bone lesion development and current theories of how dormant cancer cells behave in bone, as well as a number of processes suspected to be involved in the maintenance of and exit from dormancy in the bone microenvironment. Conclusions The bone is a complex microenvironment with a multitude of cell types and processes. Many of these factors, including angiogenesis, immune surveillance, and hypoxia, are thought to regulate tumor cell entry and exit from dormancy in different bone marrow niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mayhew
- Graduate Program in Cancer BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
| | - Tolu Omokehinde
- Graduate Program in Cancer BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
| | - Rachelle W. Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
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12
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Conversion Surgery in Metastatic Gastric Cancer and Cancer Dormancy as a Prognostic Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010086. [PMID: 31905818 PMCID: PMC7016667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of conversion surgery in metastatic gastric cancer remains unclear. Cancer dormancy markers might have a role in predicting the survival in patients with conversion surgery. We identified 26 patients who went through conversion surgery, i.e., a curative-intent gastrectomy with metastasectomy after chemotherapy in initially metastatic gastric cancer. As controls, 114 potential candidates for conversion surgery who only received chemotherapy were included for the propensity score matching. Conversion surgery showed a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with only palliative chemotherapy (median-43.6 vs. 14.0 months, respectively, p < 0.001). This better survival in the conversion surgery group persisted even after propensity matching (p < 0.001), and also when compared to patients with tumor response over 5.1 months in the chemotherapy only group (p = 0.005). In the conversion surgery group, OS was longer in patients with R0 resection (22/26, 84.6%) than without R0 resection (4/26, 15.4%) (median-not reached vs 22.1 months, respectively, p = 0.005). Although it should be interpreted with caution due to the primitive analysis in a small population, the positive expression of NR2F1 showed a longer duration of disease-free survival (DFS) after conversion surgery (p = 0.016). In conclusion, conversion surgery showed a durable OS even in patients with initially metastatic gastric cancer when R0 resection was achieved after chemotherapy.
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13
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Scarano WR, Bedrat A, Alonso-Costa LG, Aquino AM, Fantinatti B, Justulin LA, Barbisan LF, Freire PP, Flaws JA, Bernardo L. Exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture during prostate development induces microRNA upregulation and transcriptome modulation in rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:84-97. [PMID: 31199487 PMCID: PMC6736208 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to phthalates during intrauterine development might increase susceptibility to neoplasms in reproductive organs such as the prostate. Although studies have suggested an increase in prostatic lesions in adult animals submitted to perinatal exposure to phthalates, the molecular pathways underlying these alterations remain unclear. Genome-wide levels of mRNAs and miRNAs were monitored with RNA-seq to determine if perinatal exposure to a phthalate mixture in pregnant rats is capable of modifying gene expression expression during prostate development of the filial generation. The mixture contains diethyl-phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, dibutyl-phthalate, di-isononyl-phthalate, di-isobutyl-phthalate, and benzylbutyl-phthalate. Pregnant females were divided into 4 groups and orally dosed daily from GD10 to PND21 with corn oil (Control:C) or the phthalate mixture at three doses (20 μg/kg/d:T1; 200 μg/kg/d:T2; 200 mg/kg/d:T3). The phthalate mixture decreased anogenital distance, prostate weight and decreased testosterone level at the lowest exposure dose at PND22. The mixture also increased inflammatory foci and focal hyperplasia incidence at PND120. miR-184 was upregulated in all treated groups in relation to control and miR-141-3p was only upregulated at the lowest dose. In addition, 120 genes were deregulated at the lowest dose with several of these genes related to developmental, differentiation and oncogenesis. The data indicate that phthalate exposure at lower doses can cause greater gene expression modulation as well as other downstream phenotypes than exposure at higher doses. A significant fraction of the downregulated genes were predicted to be targets of miR-141-3p and miR-184, both of which were induced at the lower exposure doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellerson R Scarano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amina Bedrat
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz G Alonso-Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana M Aquino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fantinatti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula P Freire
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Lemos Bernardo
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health & Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Borgen E, Rypdal MC, Sosa MS, Renolen A, Schlichting E, Lønning PE, Synnestvedt M, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Naume B. NR2F1 stratifies dormant disseminated tumor cells in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:120. [PMID: 30322396 PMCID: PMC6190561 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) is an independent prognostic factor in early breast cancer but does not uniformly predict outcome. Tumor cells can persist in a quiescent state over time, but clinical studies of markers predicting the awakening potential of DTCs are lacking. Recently, experiments have shown that NR2F1 (COUP-TF1) plays a key role in dormancy signaling. METHODS We analyzed the NR2F1 expression in DTCs by double immunofluorescence (DIF) staining of extra cytospins prepared from 114 BM samples from 86 selected DTC-positive breast cancer patients. Samples collected at two or more time points were available for 24 patients. Fifteen samples were also analyzed for the proliferation marker Ki67. RESULTS Of the patients with detectable DTCs by DIF, 27% had ≥ 50% NR2F1high DTCs, chosen a priori as the cut-off for "dormant profile" classification. All patients with systemic relapse within 12 months after BM aspiration carried ≤ 1% NR2F1high DTCs, including patients who transitioned from having NR2F1high-expressing DTCs in previous BM samples. Of the patients with serial samples, half of those with no relapse at follow-up had ≥ 50% NR2F1high DTCs in the last BM aspiration analyzed. Among the 18 relapse-free patients at the time of the last DTC-positive BM aspiration with no subsequent BM analysis performed, distant disease-free intervals were favorable for patients carrying ≥ 50% NR2F1high DTCs compared with those with predominantly NR2F1low DTCs (p = 0.007, log-rank). No survival difference was observed by classification according to Ki67-expressing DTCs (p = 0.520). CONCLUSIONS Our study translates findings from basic biological analysis of DTC dormancy to the clinical situation and supports further clinical studies of NR2F1 as a marker of dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria C. Rypdal
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Anne Renolen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Per E. Lønning
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Yockey LJ, Jurado KA, Arora N, Millet A, Rakib T, Milano KM, Hastings AK, Fikrig E, Kong Y, Horvath TL, Weatherbee S, Kliman HJ, Coyne CB, Iwasaki A. Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaao1680. [PMID: 29305462 PMCID: PMC6049088 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including microcephaly, growth restriction, and fetal demise. Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for host resistance against ZIKV, and IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. Severe fetal growth restriction with placental damage and fetal resorption is observed after ZIKV infection of type I IFN receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/-) dams mated with wild-type sires, resulting in fetuses with functional type I IFN signaling. The role of type I IFNs in limiting or mediating ZIKV disease within this congenital infection model remains unknown. In this study, we challenged Ifnar1-/- dams mated with Ifnar1+/- sires with ZIKV. This breeding scheme enabled us to examine pregnant dams that carry a mixture of fetuses that express (Ifnar1+/-) or do not express IFNAR (Ifnar1-/-) within the same uterus. Virus replicated to a higher titer in the placenta of Ifnar1-/- than within the Ifnar1+/- concepti. Yet, rather unexpectedly, we found that only Ifnar1+/- fetuses were resorbed after ZIKV infection during early pregnancy, whereas their Ifnar1-/- littermates continue to develop. Analyses of the fetus and placenta revealed that, after ZIKV infection, IFNAR signaling in the conceptus inhibits development of the placental labyrinth, resulting in abnormal architecture of the maternal-fetal barrier. Exposure of midgestation human chorionic villous explants to type I IFN, but not type III IFNs, altered placental morphology and induced cytoskeletal rearrangements within the villous core. Our results implicate type I IFNs as a possible mediator of pregnancy complications, including spontaneous abortions and growth restriction, in the context of congenital viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Yockey
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kellie A Jurado
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Alon Millet
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tasfia Rakib
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kristin M Milano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew K Hastings
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Scott Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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16
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Carlini MJ, Shrivastava N, Sosa MS. Epigenetic and Pluripotency Aspects of Disseminated Cancer Cells During Minimal Residual Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:1-18. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Wilczak W, Rashed S, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Simon R, Büscheck F, Clauditz TS, Grupp K, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Möller-Koop C, Graefen M, Adam M, Haese A, Wittmer C, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Huland H, Schlomm T, Steurer S, Krech T, Lebok P. Up-regulation of mismatch repair genes MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1 parallels development of genetic instability and is linked to tumor aggressiveness and early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:19-27. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Lazzarini N, Widera P, Williamson S, Heer R, Krasnogor N, Bacardit J. Functional networks inference from rule-based machine learning models. BioData Min 2016; 9:28. [PMID: 27597880 PMCID: PMC5011349 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-016-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional networks play an important role in the analysis of biological processes and systems. The inference of these networks from high-throughput (-omics) data is an area of intense research. So far, the similarity-based inference paradigm (e.g. gene co-expression) has been the most popular approach. It assumes a functional relationship between genes which are expressed at similar levels across different samples. An alternative to this paradigm is the inference of relationships from the structure of machine learning models. These models are able to capture complex relationships between variables, that often are different/complementary to the similarity-based methods. RESULTS We propose a protocol to infer functional networks from machine learning models, called FuNeL. It assumes, that genes used together within a rule-based machine learning model to classify the samples, might also be functionally related at a biological level. The protocol is first tested on synthetic datasets and then evaluated on a test suite of 8 real-world datasets related to human cancer. The networks inferred from the real-world data are compared against gene co-expression networks of equal size, generated with 3 different methods. The comparison is performed from two different points of view. We analyse the enriched biological terms in the set of network nodes and the relationships between known disease-associated genes in a context of the network topology. The comparison confirms both the biological relevance and the complementary character of the knowledge captured by the FuNeL networks in relation to similarity-based methods and demonstrates its potential to identify known disease associations as core elements of the network. Finally, using a prostate cancer dataset as a case study, we confirm that the biological knowledge captured by our method is relevant to the disease and consistent with the specialised literature and with an independent dataset not used in the inference process. AVAILABILITY The implementation of our network inference protocol is available at: http://ico2s.org/software/funel.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lazzarini
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paweł, Widera
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart Williamson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Melling N, Taskin B, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Minner S, Koop C, Grob T, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Tsourlakis MC, Izbicki J, Wittmer C, Huland H, Simon R, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Krech T. Cytoplasmic accumulation of ELAVL1 is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence associated with genomic instability in prostate cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:259-72. [PMID: 26764246 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELAVL1 is an RNA binding protein involved in translation control, which might have a regulatory role in prostate cancer progress. METHODS To evaluate its impact and relationship with key genomic alterations, ELAVL1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 12,427 prostate cancers. RESULTS The analysis revealed a mild to moderate predominantly nuclear immunostaining in normal prostate epithelium and an often higher both cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in cancer cells. Weak, moderate, and strong cytoplasmic ELAVL1 staining was found in 43%, 18%, and 3% of 10,478 interpretable tumors. Strong ELAVL1 staining was linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor stage, positive nodal status, and PSA recurrence (P < 0.0001 each). A combined analysis of the effect of nuclear and cytoplasmic ELAVL1 expression on PSA recurrence revealed that the association with patient outcome was entirely driven by cytoplasmic staining. ELAVL1 positivity was more frequent in cancers harboring TMPRSS2:ERG fusions found by FISH (78%) or showing immunohistochemical ERG expression (74%) than in cancers without ERG rearrangement (63%) or ERG expression (58%, P < 0.0001 each). Strong cytoplasmic ELAVL1 staining was further linked to presence of PTEN, 5q21, 6q15, and 3p13 deletions (P < 0.0001 each), an observation consistent with cytoplasmic ELAVL1 accumulation in case of genomic instability. The prognostic role of ELAVL1 expression was independent of Gleason grade, T stage, N stage, surgical margin status, and preoperative PSA, irrespective of whether preoperative or postoperative variables were used for modeling. CONCLUSION Our study identifies cytoplasmic accumulation of ELAVL1 as a predictor of adverse clinical behavior of prostate cancer independent of established clinico-pathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Berivan Taskin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Grob
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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20
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Thompson VC, Adamson PJ, Dilag J, Uswatte Uswatte Liyanage DB, Srikantharajah K, Blok A, Ellis AV, Gordon DL, Köper I. Biocompatible anti-microbial coatings for urinary catheters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a simple dip-coating mechanism, urinary catheters have been coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (pMTAC) using activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET)–atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C. Thompson
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | - Penelope J. Adamson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Flinders University
- Flinders Medical Centre
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | - Jessirie Dilag
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | | | - Kagithiri Srikantharajah
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern
| | - Andrew Blok
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | - Amanda V. Ellis
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | - David L. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
- Flinders University
- Flinders Medical Centre
- Bedford Park
- Australia
| | - Ingo Köper
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
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21
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Johnson IR, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Keegan H, Spillane CD, Barry-O'Crowley J, Watson WR, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Endosomal gene expression: a new indicator for prostate cancer patient prognosis? Oncotarget 2015; 6:37919-29. [PMID: 26473288 PMCID: PMC4741974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men, but a method for accurate prognosis in these patients is yet to be developed. The recent discovery of altered endosomal biogenesis in prostate cancer has identified a fundamental change in the cell biology of this cancer, which holds great promise for the identification of novel biomarkers that can predict disease outcomes. Here we have identified significantly altered expression of endosomal genes in prostate cancer compared to non-malignant tissue in mRNA microarrays and confirmed these findings by qRT-PCR on fresh-frozen tissue. Importantly, we identified endosomal gene expression patterns that were predictive of patient outcomes. Two endosomal tri-gene signatures were identified from a previously published microarray cohort and had a significant capacity to stratify patient outcomes. The expression of APPL1, RAB5A, EEA1, PDCD6IP, NOX4 and SORT1 were altered in malignant patient tissue, when compared to indolent and normal prostate tissue. These findings support the initiation of a case-control study using larger cohorts of prostate tissue, with documented patient outcomes, to determine if different combinations of these new biomarkers can accurately predict disease status and clinical progression in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R.D. Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma J. Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy D. Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - William R. Watson
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, School of Medicine and Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J. O'Leary
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug A. Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Ghorbani M, Themis M, Payne A. Genome wide classification and characterisation of CpG sites in cancer and normal cells. Comput Biol Med 2015; 68:57-66. [PMID: 26615449 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies common methylation patterns across different cancer types in an effort to identify common molecular events in diverse types of cancer cells and provides evidence for the sequence surrounding a CpG to influence its susceptibility to aberrant methylation. CpG sites throughout the genome were divided into four classes: sites that either become hypo or hyper-methylated in a variety cancers using all the freely available microarray data (HypoCancer and HyperCancer classes) and those found in a constant hypo (Never methylated class) or hyper-methylated (Always methylated class) state in both normal and cancer cells. Our data shows that most CpG sites included in the HumanMethylation450K microarray remain unmethylated in normal and cancerous cells; however, certain sites in all the cancers investigated become specifically modified. More detailed analysis of the sites revealed that majority of those in the never methylated class were in CpG islands whereas those in the HyperCancer class were mostly associated with miRNA coding regions. The sites in the Hypermethylated class are associated with genes involved in initiating or maintaining the cancerous state, being enriched for processes involved in apoptosis, and with transcription factors predicted to bind to these genes linked to apoptosis and tumourgenesis (notably including E2F). Further we show that more LINE elements are associated with the HypoCancer class and more Alu repeats are associated with the HyperCancer class. Motifs that classify the classes were identified to distinguish them based on the surrounding DNA sequence alone, and for the identification of DNA sequences that could render sites more prone to aberrant methylation in cancer cells. This provides evidence that the sequence surrounding a CpG site has an influence on whether a site is hypo or hyper methylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmersad Ghorbani
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute
| | - Michael Themis
- Department of Biosciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Annette Payne
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
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23
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Sosa MS. Dormancy programs as emerging antimetastasis therapeutic alternatives. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1029062. [PMID: 27308542 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1029062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently published that the retinoid-responsive gene NR2F1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1) mediates postsurgical dormancy of local residual tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells. Importantly, the combination of azacytidine with retinoids induces dormancy of malignant tumor cells by reinstating the NR2F1-regulated gene program. These findings open the door to the development of strategies that may stop minimal residual disease from becoming life-threatening metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Sosa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Medicine; Icahn School Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
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24
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Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signaling are necessary for prostate development and homeostasis. AR signaling also drives the growth of nearly all prostate cancer cells. The role of androgens and AR signaling has been well characterized in metastatic prostate cancer, where it has been shown that prostate cancer cells are exquisitely adept at maintaining functional AR signaling to drive cancer growth. As androgens and AR signaling are so intimately involved in prostate development and the proliferation of advanced prostate cancer, it stands to reason that androgens and AR are also involved in prostate cancer initiation and the early stages of cancer growth, yet little is known of this process. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the role of androgens and AR signaling in prostate tissue, from development to metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, and use that information to suggest potential roles for androgens and AR in prostate cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyBeckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Beckman 2310, Duarte, California 91010, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Eric C Bolton
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyBeckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Beckman 2310, Duarte, California 91010, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyBeckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Road, Beckman 2310, Duarte, California 91010, USADepartment of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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25
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Sosa MS, Parikh F, Maia AG, Estrada Y, Bosch A, Bragado P, Ekpin E, George A, Zheng Y, Lam HM, Morrissey C, Chung CY, Farias EF, Bernstein E, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. NR2F1 controls tumour cell dormancy via SOX9- and RARβ-driven quiescence programmes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6170. [PMID: 25636082 PMCID: PMC4313575 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases can originate from disseminated tumour cells (DTCs), which may be dormant for years before reactivation. Here we find that the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1 is epigenetically upregulated in experimental head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) dormancy models and in DTCs from prostate cancer patients carrying dormant disease for 7-18 years. NR2F1-dependent dormancy is recapitulated by a co-treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-Aza-C and retinoic acid across various cancer types. NR2F1-induced quiescence is dependent on SOX9, RARβ and CDK inhibitors. Intriguingly, NR2F1 induces global chromatin repression and the pluripotency gene NANOG, which contributes to dormancy of DTCs in the bone marrow. When NR2F1 is blocked in vivo, growth arrest or survival of dormant DTCs is interrupted in different organs. We conclude that NR2F1 is a critical node in dormancy induction and maintenance by integrating epigenetic programmes of quiescence and survival in DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Sosa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Falguni Parikh
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar Maia
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Almudena Bosch
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Esther Ekpin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ajish George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Eduardo F Farias
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- 1] Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [4] Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Patel D, Morton DJ, Carey J, Havrda MC, Chaudhary J. Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4): From development to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1855:92-103. [PMID: 25512197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly conserved Inhibitors of DNA-Binding (ID1-ID4) genes encode multi-functional proteins whose transcriptional activity is based on dominant negative inhibition of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. Initial animal models indicated a degree of compensatory overlap between ID genes such that deletion of multiple ID genes was required to generate easily recognizable phenotypes. More recently, new model systems have revealed alterations in mice harboring deletions in single ID genes suggesting complex gene and tissue specific functions for members of the ID gene family. Because ID genes are highly expressed during development and their function is associated with a primitive, proliferative cellular phenotype there has been significant interest in understanding their potential roles in neoplasia. Indeed, numerous studies indicate an oncogenic function for ID1, ID2 and ID3. In contrast, the inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) presents a paradigm shift in context of well-established role of ID1, ID2 and ID3 in development and cancer. Apart from some degree of functional redundancy such as HLH dependent interactions with bHLH protein E2A, many of the functions of ID4 are distinct from ID1, ID2 and ID3: ID4 proteins a) regulate distinct developmental processes and tissue expression in the adult, b) promote stem cell survival, differentiation and/or timing of differentiation, c) epigenetic inactivation/loss of expression in several advanced stage cancers and d) increased expression in some cancers such as those arising in the breast and ovary. Thus, in spite of sharing the conserved HLH domain, ID4 defies the established model of ID protein function and expression. The underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the unique role of ID4 as compared to other ID proteins still remains largely un-explored. This review will focus on the current understanding of ID4 in context of development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Derrick J Morton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Jason Carey
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mathew C Havrda
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jaideep Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutics Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
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Ahmed A, Ali S, Sarkar FH. Advances in androgen receptor targeted therapy for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:271-6. [PMID: 24037862 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Current research findings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway contribute significantly to the progression of metastatic PCa. The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such as testosterone (T) and dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) act as the activating ligands. However in many metastatic PCa, the AR functions promiscuously and is constitutively active through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of enzymes that take part in androgen synthesis or synthesizing antiandrogens that can inhibit the AR are two popular methods of impeding the androgen receptor signaling axis; however, the inhibition of androgen-independent activated AR function has not yet been fully exploited. This article focuses on the development of emerging novel agents that act at different steps along the androgen-AR signaling pathway to help improve the poor prognosis of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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Wang P, Lai WF, Li MJ, Xu F, Yalamanchili HK, Lovell-Badge R, Wang J. Inference of gene-phenotype associations via protein-protein interaction and orthology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77478. [PMID: 24194887 PMCID: PMC3806783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental goals of genetics is to understand gene functions and their associated phenotypes. To achieve this goal, in this study we developed a computational algorithm that uses orthology and protein-protein interaction information to infer gene-phenotype associations for multiple species. Furthermore, we developed a web server that provides genome-wide phenotype inference for six species: fly, human, mouse, worm, yeast, and zebrafish. We evaluated our inference method by comparing the inferred results with known gene-phenotype associations. The high Area Under the Curve values suggest a significant performance of our method. By applying our method to two human representative diseases, Type 2 Diabetes and Breast Cancer, we demonstrated that our method is able to identify related Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The web server can be used to infer functions and putative phenotypes of a gene along with the candidate genes of a phenotype, and thus aids in disease candidate gene discovery. Our web server is available at http://jjwanglab.org/PhenoPPIOrth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hari Krishna Yalamanchili
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Division of Developmental Genetics, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Berenguer-Daizé C, Boudouresque F, Bastide C, Tounsi A, Benyahia Z, Acunzo J, Dussault N, Delfino C, Baeza N, Daniel L, Cayol M, Rossi D, El Battari A, Bertin D, Mabrouk K, Martin PM, Ouafik L. Adrenomedullin blockade suppresses growth of human hormone-independent prostate tumor xenograft in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6138-50. [PMID: 24100627 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the role of the adrenomedullin system [adrenomedullin and its receptors (AMR), CLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3] in prostate cancer androgen-independent growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer models were used to investigate the role and mechanisms of adrenomedullin in prostate cancer hormone-independent growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS Adrenomedullin and AMR were immunohistochemically localized in the carcinomatous epithelial compartment of prostate cancer specimens of high grade (Gleason score >7), suggesting a role of the adrenomedullin system in prostate cancer growth. We used the androgen-independent Du145 cells, for which we demonstrate that adrenomedullin stimulated cell proliferation in vitro through the cAMP/CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway. The proliferation of Du145 and PC3 cells is decreased by anti-adrenomedullin antibody (αAM), supporting the fact that adrenomedullin may function as a potent autocrine/paracrine growth factor for prostate cancer androgen-independent cells. In vivo, αAM therapy inhibits the growth of Du145 androgen-independent xenografts and interestingly of LNCaP androgen-dependent xenografts only in castrated animals, suggesting strongly that adrenomedullin might play an important role in tumor regrowth following androgen ablation. Histologic examination of αAM-treated tumors showed evidence of disruption of tumor vascularity, with depletion of vascular as well as lymphatic endothelial cells and pericytes, and increased lymphatic endothelial cell apoptosis. Importantly, αAM potently blocks tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, but does not affect established vasculature and lymphatic vessels in normal adult mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that expression of adrenomedullin upon androgen ablation in prostate cancer plays an important role in hormone-independent tumor growth and in neovascularization by supplying/amplifying signals essential for pathologic neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6138-50. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Authors' Affiliations: Aix-Marseille Université and Insitut national de la santé et de la recherche medicale (INSERM), CRO2 UMR 911, 13005; AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service Urologie, 13015; Aix-Marseille Université, LCP UMR 6264, CROPS, 13397; and AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, 13015, Marseille, France
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