1
|
Zheng Y, Yang W, Jia Y, Ji J, Wu L, Feng J, Li Y, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Li J, Dai W, Xu X, Wu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Promotion of colorectal cancer cell death by ezetimibe via mTOR signaling-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1081980. [PMID: 36843944 PMCID: PMC9946110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. In recent years, high-fat diet has been shown to increase CRC morbidity, highlighting the possibility of the application of hypolipidemic drugs for CRC treatment. In this study, we preliminarily evaluated the effects and mechnisms of ezetimibe against CRC through the blockage of lipid absorption in small intesine. Methods: In this study, CRC cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated using cellular and molecular assays. Fluorescent microscopy, and a flow cytometric assay were used to assess mitochondrial activity in vitro. A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of ezetimibe in vivo. Results: We found that ezetimibe inhibited CRC cell proliferation, and migration, and facilitated autophage-associated apoptosis in HCT116 and Caco2 cells. Ezetimibe-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in CRC cells was found to be correlated with mTOR signaling activity. Discussion: Ezetimibe exhibits effects against CRC through the promotion of cancer cell death via mTOR signaling-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting its potential value in CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chuanyong Guo, ; Yingqun Zhou, ; Xuanfu Xu,
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chuanyong Guo, ; Yingqun Zhou, ; Xuanfu Xu,
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chuanyong Guo, ; Yingqun Zhou, ; Xuanfu Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonk S, Tasdelen P, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Möller K, Höflmayer D, Dwertmann Rico S, Büscheck F, Minner S, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Hinsch A, Luebke AM, Dum D, Uhlig R, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Simon R, Weidemann SA. High B7-H3 expression is linked to increased risk of prostate cancer progression. Pathol Int 2020; 70:733-742. [PMID: 32776718 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a member of the B7 superfamily of immune checkpoint molecules. B7-H3 up regulation has been linked to cancer development and progression in many tumors including prostate cancer. To clarify the potential utility of B7-H3 as a prognostic biomarker, B7-H3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in more than 17 000 prostate cancers. Normal prostatic glands were largely B7-H3 negative, while membranous B7-H3 immunostaining was seen in 47.0% of analyzed cancers. B7-H3 immunostaining was weak in 12.3%, moderate in 21.1% and strong in 13.5% of cases. High B7-H3 expression was associated with pT, Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate-specific antigen recurrence (P < 0.0001 each). High B7-H3 expression was also linked to high androgen receptor expression and TMPRSS2:V-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusions (P < 0.0001 each). Multivariate analyses showed a strong independent prognostic impact of high B7-H3 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup. Comparison with previously analyzed frequent chromosomal deletions revealed a close association with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deletions. Analysis of B7-H3, alone or in combination with other markers, might be of clinical utility, especially in the subgroup of ERG negative prostate cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonk
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pinar Tasdelen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Möller K, Wecker AL, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Steurer S, Clauditz TS, Wilczak W, Simon R, Sauter G, Huland H, Heinzer H, Haese A, Schlomm T, Weidemann S, Luebke AM, Minner S, Bernreuther C, Bonk S, Marx A. Upregulation of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPA1 is an independent predictor of early biochemical recurrence in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:625-636. [PMID: 32417965 PMCID: PMC7581599 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) is a ubiquitous RNA splicing factor that is overexpressed and prognostically relevant in various human cancer types. To study the impact of hnRNPA1 expression in prostate cancer, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. hnRNPA1 was expressed in normal prostate glandular cells but often overexpressed in cancer cells. hnRNPA1 immunostaining was interpretable in 14,258 cancers and considered strong in 33.4%, moderate in 45.9%, weak in 15.3%, and negative in 5.4%. Moderate to strong hnRNPA1 immunostaining was strongly linked to adverse tumor features including high classical and quantitative Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, positive surgical margin, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic impact of hnRNPA1 immunostaining was independent of established preoperatively or postoperatively available prognostic parameters (p < 0.0001). Subset analyses revealed that all these associations were strongly driven by the fraction of cancers lacking the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Comparison with other key molecular data that were earlier obtained on the same TMA showed that hnRNPA1 overexpression was linked to high levels of androgen receptor (AR) expression (p < 0.0001) as well as presence of 9 of 11 chromosomal deletions (p < 0.05 each). A strong association between hnRNPA1 upregulation and tumor cell proliferation that was independent from the Gleason score supports a role for tumor cell aggressiveness. In conclusion, hnRNPA1 overexpression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ERG-negative prostate cancer. hnRNPA1 measurement, either alone or in combination, might provide prognostic information in ERG-negative prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Wecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Makrypidi-Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bonk
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Fürth, Fürth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eichenauer T, Federlein F, Möller K, Chirico V, Kind S, Lennartz M, Lutz F, Hube-Magg C, Höflmayer D, Fisch M, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Haese A, Schroeder C, Lebok P, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Luebke AM. High CHK2 protein expression is a strong and independent prognostic feature in ERG negative prostate cancer. Pathology 2020; 52:421-430. [PMID: 32317175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) is a serine-threonine kinase with a role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Both reduced and increased CHK2 expression has been described in different tumour types with impact on patient prognosis. To evaluate prevalence and significance of altered CHK2 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing 17,747 tumours was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear CHK2 immunostaining was absent or weak in benign prostate epithelium but often more prominent in cancers. CHK2 immunostaining was considered weak in 38.8%, moderate in 33.6% and strong in 11.2% of prostate cancers. High CHK2 expression was strongly associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusions (p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis of ERG positive and negative cancers revealed that high CHK2 staining was significantly linked to advanced tumour stage, high Gleason score, positive nodal status, positive surgical margin, high preoperative PSA (p<0.0001 each) and early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence (p=0.0001) in the subset of ERG negative cancers, while most of these associations were absent in ERG positive cancers. In ERG negative cancers, high CHK2 expression was an independent predictor of patient prognosis, even if parameters were included that were only available postoperatively. High CHK2 expression was also linked to presence of chromosomal deletions, high level of androgen receptor expression, positive p53 immunostaining, and high Ki-67 labelling index. These provide further in vivo evidence for previously described functional interactions. In summary, high CHK2 expression is linked to adverse tumour features and independently predicts early biochemical recurrence in ERG negative prostate cancer. CHK2 measurement, either alone or in combination, might be of clinical utility in this prostate cancer subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Felix Federlein
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Intratumoral Heterogeneity Determines the Expression of mTOR-pathway Proteins in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1296865. [PMID: 31885728 PMCID: PMC6927025 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1296865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in prostate cancer (PCa) in order to assess intratumoral heterogeneity and correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Tissue samples from 115 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were included in a tissue microarray comprising (A) tissue from the tumor center, (B) malignant border of the tumor, (C) tumor-adjacent benign tissue, and (D) tumor-distant benign prostatic tissue. Immune reactive scores 0-12 were correlated with clinical data in reference to localization. A meta-analysis of studies investigating the association between biochemical recurrence (BCR) and parameters of the mTOR pathway was conducted. Regardless of the location within the tumor, cancer tissue showed higher expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, and 4EB-P1 compared to benign tissue (p < 0.01). Significant differences in expression between tissue samples from groups C and D were observed for mTOR and p-mTOR. When considering expression according to the pathological stage, we observed lower p-mTOR expression in pT3 vs. pT2 (7.9 and 6.3; p = 0.01). After a median follow-up of 74.5 months (IQR 65.0-84.0), 27 patients (23.47%) developed BCR. Weak staining of mTOR was associated with shorter time to BCR (HR: 2.0; p = 0.049) after correcting for PSA and T stage. However, a significant association of mTOR expression with BCR was found for specimens from the malignant border of the tumor (B) but not the tumor center (A) (p = 0.0034 log rank). In a meta-analysis, we found that the expressions of mTOR ((RR) = 0.70; 95% CI 0.43-1.12; p = 0.13) and 4E-BP1 ((RR) = 0.86; p = 0.53) were not statistically associated with BCR, while strong staining of p-mTOR was associated with a lower risk of BCR ((RR) = 0.57; p = 0.002). All 3 markers showed stronger expression in PCa and exhibited local gradients in relation to the border of tumor and healthy tissue. Our results suggest an important role of intratumor heterogeneity for the use of mTOR parameters as biomarkers in PCa.
Collapse
|
6
|
Claudin-1 upregulation is associated with favorable tumor features and a reduced risk for biochemical recurrence in ERG-positive prostate cancer. World J Urol 2019; 38:2185-2196. [PMID: 31745645 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-03017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-1 is a membrane-tight junction protein and important for the sealing of the paracellular cleft in epithelial and endothelial cells. Differential expression of Claudin-1 is linked to disease outcome in various cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS To evaluate the potential relevance of Claudin-1 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing samples of 17,747 tumors with annotated clinico-pathological and molecular data was immunohistochemically analyzed for Claudin-1 expression. RESULTS In normal prostate, glandular cells were always Claudin-1-negative while there was a strong staining of gland-surrounding basal cells. In contrast to normal prostatic glands, a positive Claudin-1 immunostaining, was found, however, in 38.7% of 12,441 interpretable cancers and was considered weak in 12.7%, moderate in 13.2%, and strong in 12.8% of cases. Positive Claudin-1 immunostaining was associated with favorable tumor features like low pT (p = 0.0032), low Gleason grade (p< 0.0001), and a reduced risk of PSA recurrence (p = 0.0005). A positive Claudin-1 staining was markedly more frequent in ERG-positive (63%) than in ERG-negative cancers (23%; p < 0.0001). Subset analyses revealed that all associations of Claudin-1 expression and favorable phenotype and prognosis were driven by ERG-positive cancers. Multivariate analyses revealed, however, that even in ERG-positive cancers, the prognostic impact of high Claudin-1 expression was not independent of established clinico-pathological parameters. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions identified conspicuous associations with PTEN and 12p13 deletions potentially indicating functional interactions. CONCLUSION These data identify a peculiar role for Claudin-1 in prostate cancer. The protein is overexpressed in a fraction of prostate cancers and increased Claudin-1 expression levels predict a favorable prognosis in ERG-positive cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Weidemann SA, Sauer C, Luebke AM, Möller-Koop C, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Sauter G, Göbel C, Lebok P, Dum D, Fraune C, Kind S, Minner S, Izbicki J, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Burandt E, Haese A, Graefen M, Heumann A. High-level expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31606028 PMCID: PMC6790047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) is ubiquitously tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressive properties. METHODS PTPN12 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 13,660 clinical prostate cancer specimens. RESULTS PTPN12 staining was typically absent or weak in normal prostatic epithelium but seen in the majority of cancers, where staining was considered weak in 26.5%, moderate in 39.9%, and strong in 4.7%. High PTPN12 staining was associated with high pT category, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate specific antigen recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). PTPN12 staining was seen in 86.4% of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive but in only 58.4% of ERG negative cancers. Subset analyses discovered that all associations with unfavorable phenotype and prognosis were markedly stronger in ERG positive than in ERG negative cancers but still retained in the latter group. Multivariate analyses revealed an independent prognostic impact of high PTPN12 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup and to a lesser extent also in ERG positive cancers. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions revealed that high PTPN12 expression was significantly associated with 10 of 12 deletions in ERG negative and with 7 of 12 deletions in ERG positive cancers (p < 0.05 each) indicating that PTPN12 overexpression parallels increased genomic instability in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data identify PTPN12 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. PTPN12 analysis, either alone or in combination with other biomarkers might be of clinical utility in assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The papilla as a biomarker in the molecular era of bladder oncology. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-018-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Conventional optical microscopy has been fundamental in the diagnosis of cancer for over a century. Tumor morphology has prognostic value and impact on treatment choice, but integration with molecular knowledge can enhance the correlation with clinical behavior. A papillary structure implies that the proliferating epithelium has been able to interact with its microenvironment to conceive a fibrovascular core, suggesting a fair degree of differentiation.
Main body
In the bladder, a papillary architecture carries a favorable outcome and its presence is uniform in all non-invasive urothelial lesions, except for carcinoma in situ. Despite the increase in bladder cancer incidence, mortality has remained fairly stable for the last three decades, raising concern for overdiagnosis. Therefore, bladder cancer nomenclature has evolved to better communicate with the clinical scenario, including clinicians and patients. During this time, the need to incorporate new tools into morphology has raised a search for molecular biomarkers that grew exponentially with technology and scientific foment. Activating mutations in oncogenes like HRAS, PIK3 and FGFR3 are a hallmark of non-invasive papillary neoplasms, and their detection in advanced carcinomas is a favorable predictor of outcome. These alterations result in sustained proliferative stimuli and independent control of metabolism. Through the amplified interface of a papillary axis, the lamina propria can continue to supply nutrients, oxygen, hormones and other vital cellular needs to an increasing population of urothelial cells. mTOR regulates processes that require a substantial amount of matter and energy and alterations in this pathway are among the most frequent in urothelial tumors. Recent genomic landscape studies have provided data for molecularly subtyping urothelial cancers as luminal and basal. Within the luminal subtype, a p53-like signature is associated with chemoresistance. Luminal tumors, which phenotype is reminiscent of mature differentiated superficial cells, are enriched for papillary morphology and downregulation of miRNA involved in mTOR pathway regulation.
Conclusion
Because the papillary structure is the result of a transcriptional program and its post-transcriptional modifications, it is likely that its presence will be maintained in classification schemes as a powerful tool for clinical translation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ruma IMW, Kinoshita R, Tomonobu N, Inoue Y, Kondo E, Yamauchi A, Sato H, Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Yamamoto KI, Murata H, Toyooka S, Nishibori M, Sakaguchi M. Embigin Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression by S100A4-Dependent and-Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070239. [PMID: 30041429 PMCID: PMC6071117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is involved in prostate and mammary gland development. As embigin’s roles in cancer remain elusive, we studied its biological functions and interaction with extracellular S100A4 in prostate cancer progression. We found by a pull-down assay that embigin is a novel receptor for S100A4, which is one of the vital cancer microenvironment milleu. Binding of extracellular S100A4 to embigin mediates prostate cancer progression by inhibition of AMPK activity, activation of NF-κB, MMP9 and mTORC1 signaling, and inhibition of autophagy, which increase prostate cancer cell motility. We also found that embigin promotes prostate cancer growth, spheroid- and colony-forming ability, and survival upon chemotherapy independently of S100A4. An in vivo growth mouse model confirmed the importance of embigin and its cytoplasmic tail in mediating prostate tumor growth. Moreover, embigin and p21WAF1 can be used to predict survival of prostate cancer patients. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the S100A4-embigin/AMPK/mTORC1/p21WAF1 and NF-κB/MMP9 axis is a vital oncogenic molecular cascade for prostate cancer progression. We proposed that embigin and p21WAF1 could be used as prognostic biomarkers and a strategy to inhibit S100A4-embigin binding could be a therapeutic approach for prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - Youyi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Departments of Thoracic, Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burdelski C, Borcherding L, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Melling N, Simon R, Möller-Koop C, Weigand P, Minner S, Haese A, Michl HU, Tsourlakis MC, Jacobsen F, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Lebok P, Steurer S, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, Krech T, Büscheck F, Clauditz T, Schlomm T, Wilczak W. Family with sequence similarity 13C (FAM13C) overexpression is an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31494-31508. [PMID: 28415558 PMCID: PMC5458224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM13C, a gene with unknown function is included in several mRNA signatures for prostate cancer aggressiveness. To understand the impact of FAM13C on prognosis and its relationship to molecularly defined subsets, we analyzed FAM13C expression by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 12,400 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared to phenotype, ERG status, genomic deletions of 3p, 5q, 6q and PTEN, and biochemical recurrence. FAM13C was detectable in cell nuclei of cancerous and non-neoplastic prostate cells. 67.5% of 9,633 interpretable cancers showed FAM13C expression: strong in 28.3%, moderate in 24.6% and weak in 14.6%. Strong FAM13C expression was linked to advanced pT stage, high Gleason grade, positive lymph node status, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). FAM13C expression was associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. It was present in 85% of ERG positive but in only 54% of ERG negative cancers (p < 0.0001), and in 91.1% of PTEN deleted but in only 69.2% of PTEN non-deleted cancers (p < 0.0001). The prognostic role of FAM13C expression was independent of classical and quantitative Gleason grade, pT stage, pN stage, surgical margin status and preoperative PSA. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrate that expression of FAM13C is an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Finding FAM13C also in non-neoplastic prostate tissues highlights the importance of properly selecting cancer-rich areas for RNA-based FAM13C expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Laura Borcherding
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Weigand
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fotouhi Ghiam A, Taeb S, Huang X, Huang V, Ray J, Scarcello S, Hoey C, Jahangiri S, Fokas E, Loblaw A, Bristow RG, Vesprini D, Boutros P, Liu SK. Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) mediates radiation response in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4668-4689. [PMID: 27902466 PMCID: PMC5354863 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance remains a significant obstacle in the treatment of Prostate Cancer (PCa). To simulate the clinical scenario of irradiation resistance (IRR), we created DU145-IRR PCa cell lines by treatment with 2 Gy daily IR for 59 fractions. DU145-IRR cells acquired an aggressive phenotype as evidenced by increased clonogenic survival, tumorigenic potential and invasiveness. We performed transcriptome profiling to discover dysregulated genes in DU145-IRR cells and identified the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1). We first investigated the role of UCA1 in radiation response and found that UCA1 abundance was significantly higher in DU145-IRR cells compared to control cells. UCA1 siRNA-knockdown reversed the aggressive phenotype and significantly increased sensitivity to IR. UCA1 depletion inhibited growth, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition and decreased activation of the pro-survival Akt pathway. We then studied the clinical significance of UCA1 expression in two independent cohorts of PCa patients: MSKCC (130 patients) and CPC-GENE (209 patients). UCA1 over-expression was associated with decreased 5-year disease-free survival in MSKCC patients (HR = 2.9; p = 0.007) and a trend toward lower biochemical recurrence-free survival in CPC-GENE patients (HR = 2.7; p = 0.05). We showed for the first time that UCA1 depletion induces radiosensitivity, decreases proliferative capacity and disrupts cell cycle progression, which may occur through altered Akt signaling and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition. Our results indicate that UCA1 might have prognostic value in PCa and be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fotouhi Ghiam
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samira Taeb
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincent Huang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica Ray
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seville Scarcello
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christianne Hoey
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sahar Jahangiri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Loblaw
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto,, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen H, Gao J, Du Z, Zhang X, Yang F, Gao W. Expression of factors and key components associated with the PI3K signaling pathway in colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5465-5472. [PMID: 29552187 PMCID: PMC5840680 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. The dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway frequently contributes to the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression and clinical significance of a number of associated factors and key components of the PI3K signaling pathway, including phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (p110α), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) Ser473, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) Ser2448, cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4, RELA proto-oncogene, nuclear factor-κβ subunit (p65), Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in human CRC. The expression of target proteins was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 65 CRC cases and 15 colonic adenoma cases. The association between the expression of target proteins and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using a χ2 test. IHC results revealed that the expression of all target proteins was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with in colonic adenoma tissues (P<0.05). No significant associations were observed between the expression of p110α, p-Akt Ser473, p-mTOR Ser2448 and sex, age, differentiation, lymph node metastasis or Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging (P>0.05). Cyclin D1, CDK4 and Ras were revealed to be expressed significantly higher in poorly differentiated CRC compared with moderately differentiated CRC (P<0.05). Expression of p65 and ERK1/2 were significantly increased in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis compared with cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). These results suggest that the target proteins may all participate in the tumorigenesis of CRC. Furthermore, cyclin D1, CDK4, Ras, p65 and ERK1/2 may be important in the progression of CRC. The results of the present study may provide novel predictive factors and therapeutic targets for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Gao
- Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Du
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xuequn Zhang
- Graduate School, Taishan Medical University, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stelloo S, Sanders J, Nevedomskaya E, de Jong J, Peters D, van Leenders GJLH, Jenster G, Bergman AM, Zwart W. mTOR pathway activation is a favorable prognostic factor in human prostate adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32916-24. [PMID: 27096957 PMCID: PMC5078062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients with localized disease are treated with curative intent. However, the disease will recur in approximately 30% of patients with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify patients with high risk of relapse. mTOR pathway activation is reported in prostate cancer, but clinical trials testing efficacy of mTOR inhibitors were unsuccessful. To explain this clinical observation, we studied the expression and prognostic impact of mTOR-S2448 phosphorylation in localized prostate carcinomas. mTOR-S2448 phosphorylation is indicative for an activated mTOR pathway in prostate cancer. Surprisingly, the mTOR signaling pathway is activated specifically in prostate cancer patients with a favorable outcome. Since tumors from poor-outcome patients have low levels of mTOR-S2448 phosphorylation, this may explain why mTOR inhibitors proved unsuccessful in prostate cancer trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J L H van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Figueiredo VC, Markworth JF, Cameron-Smith D. Considerations on mTOR regulation at serine 2448: implications for muscle metabolism studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2537-2545. [PMID: 28220207 PMCID: PMC11107628 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex exerts a pivotal role in protein anabolism and cell growth. Despite its importance, few studies adequately address the complexity of phosphorylation of the mTOR protein itself to enable conclusions to be drawn on the extent of kinase activation following this event. In particular, a large number of studies in the skeletal muscle biology field have measured Serine 2448 (Ser2448) phosphorylation as a proxy of mTOR kinase activity. However, the evidence to be described is that Ser2448 is not a measure of mTOR kinase activity nor is a target of AKT activity and instead has inhibitory effects on the kinase that is targeted by the downstream effector p70S6K in a negative feedback loop mechanism, which is evident when revisiting muscle research studies. It is proposed that this residue modification acts as a fine-tuning mechanism that has been gained during vertebrate evolution. In conclusion, it is recommended that Ser2448 is an inadequate measure and that preferential analysis of mTORC1 activation should focus on the downstream and effector proteins, including p70S6K and 4E-BP1, along mTOR protein partners that bind to mTOR protein to form the active complexes 1 and 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - James F Markworth
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
p16 upregulation is linked to poor prognosis in ERG negative prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12655-12663. [PMID: 27444279 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of the p16 tumor suppressor is frequently found in prostate cancer, but its role for tumor development and patient prognosis is disputed. In order to clarify the prognostic role of p16 and to draw conclusions on interactions with key molecular features of prostate cancer, we studied p16 expression in a tissue microarray (TMA) with more than 12,400 prostate cancers and attached clinical, pathological, and molecular data such as ERG status and deletions of 3p13, 5q21, 6q15, and PTEN. p16 immunostaining was absent in non-neoplastic prostate cells but was found in 37 % of 9627 interpretable prostate cancers. Finding p16 expression in 58 % of ERG positive but in only 22 % of ERG negative cancers (p < 0.0001), highlights the known androgen-dependence of both genes. Significant associations between p16 upregulation and tumor phenotype or patient prognosis were strictly limited to the subset of ERG negative cancers. For example, p16 positivity increased from 15 % in Gleason ≤3 + 3 to 38 % in Gleason ≥4 + 4 cancers (p < 0.0001) and was associated with early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). p16 upregulation was strongly linked to deletions of PTEN (p < 0.0001), highlighting the interaction of both genes in growth control. In conclusion, p16 upregulation is a strong prognostic factor in ERG negative cancers. The strict limitation of its prognostic impact to a molecularly defined subgroup challenges the concept of molecular prognosis testing without considering molecular subtypes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Burdelski C, Strauss C, Tsourlakis MC, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Melling N, Lebok P, Minner S, Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Wittmer C, Krech T, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Simon R, Schlomm T, Steurer S. Overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is associated with aggressive tumor features and early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8377-87. [PMID: 25762627 PMCID: PMC4480759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a role in DNA synthesis and is a target for 5-fluorouracil. In this study TYMS was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancers. TYMS expression was higher in neoplastic than in normal prostate epithelium and was detectable in 72.9% of 10,223 interpretable cancers. It was considered strong in 21.9%, moderate in 33.4% and weak in 17.6% of tumors. TYMS overexpression was associated with deletions at 5q21 (p < 0.0001), 6q15 (p < 0.0001) and 3p13 (p = 0.0083) and gradually increased with the total number of these deletions present in the respective cancer sample (p < 0.0001). TYMS expression was unrelated to PTEN deletions (p = 0.9535) but tightly linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor stage and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). The prognostic value of TYMS was independent from the ERG status and deletions at 3p13, 5q21, and 6q15. In multivariate analyses the prognostic role of TYMS expression was independent of Gleason grade, pT stage, preoperative PSA, pN stage, or resection margins. TYMS expression analysis might result in clinically useful information in prostate cancer. The striking link to some but not all chromosomal aberrations might suggest a mechanistical link with specific types of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christian Strauss
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pust A, Kylies D, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Minner S, Koop C, Grob T, Graefen M, Salomon G, Tsourlakis MC, Izbicki J, Wittmer C, Huland H, Simon R, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Steurer S, Krech T, Schlomm T, Melling N. Aquaporin 5 expression is frequent in prostate cancer and shows a dichotomous correlation with tumor phenotype and PSA recurrence. Hum Pathol 2016; 48:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Zhang Z, Zhang G, Kong C, Gong D. PP242 suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration through deactivating the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2/AKT1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:333-8. [PMID: 26548560 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
While most cancer types are resistant to mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin, recent studies have identified mTORC2 as an important prospective therapeutic target for cancer. The present study assessed the effects of mTORC2 inhibitor PP242 on the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by using Cell Counting Kit‑8, 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine incorporation, wound healing and Transwell assays. Furthermore, the phosphorylation status of downstream signaling proteins of mTORC1 and mTORC2 was assessed using western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that PP242 concentration‑dependently inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. Simultaneously, the migration ability of bladder cancer cells was suppressed by PP242. In addition, PP242 markedly restrained the phosphorylation of AKT1 and mTORC2, while the phosphorylation status of S6K1 and mTORC1 was not affected. These results suggested that PP242 exerts potent inhibitory effects on bladder cancer cells by modulating the activity of the mTORC2/AKT1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Daxin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burdelski C, Menan D, Tsourlakis MC, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Melling N, Minner S, Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Wittmer C, Sauter G, Simon R, Schlomm T, Steurer S, Krech T. The prognostic value of SUMO1/Sentrin specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) in prostate cancer is limited to ERG-fusion positive tumors lacking PTEN deletion. BMC Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26202067 PMCID: PMC4512145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posttranscriptional protein modification by SUMOylation plays an important role in tumor development and progression. In the current study we analyzed prevalence and prognostic impact of the de-SUMOylation enzyme SENP1 in prostate cancer. Methods SENP1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing more than 12,400 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared to tumor phenotype, ERG status, genomic deletions of 3p, 5q, 6q and PTEN, and biochemical recurrence. Results SENP1 immunostaining was detectable in 34.5 % of 9,516 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 7.3 %, moderate in 14.9 % and weak in 12.3 % of cases. Strong SENP1 expression was linked to advanced pT stage (p < 0.0001), high Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), positive lymph node status (p = 0.0019), high pre-operative PSA levels (p = 0.0037), and PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). SENP1 expression was strongly associated with positive ERG fusion status as determined by both in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry as well as with PTEN deletions. Detectable SENP1 immunostaining was found in 41 % of ERG positive and in 47 % of PTEN deleted cancers but in only 30 % of ERG negative and 30 % of PTEN non-deleted cancers (p < 0.0001 each). Deletions of 3p, 5q, and 6q were unrelated to SENP1 expression. Subset analyses revealed that the prognostic impact of SENP1 expression was solely driven by the subgroup of ERG positive, PTEN undeleted cancers. In this subgroup, the prognostic role of SENP1 expression was independent of the preoperative PSA level, tumor stage, Gleason grade, and the status of the resection margin. Conclusions SENP1 expression has strong prognostic impact in a molecularly defined subset of cancers. This is per se not surprising as the biologic impact of each individual molecular event is likely to be dependent on its cellular environment. However, such findings challenge the concept of finding clinically relevant molecular signatures that are equally applicable to all prostate cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1555-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Devi Menan
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistr. 25, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistr. 25, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistr. 25, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu L, Frommel SC, Oakes CC, Simon R, Grupp K, Gerig CY, Bär D, Robinson MD, Baer C, Weiss M, Gu Z, Schapira M, Kuner R, Sültmann H, Provenzano M, Yaspo ML, Brors B, Korbel J, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Eils R, Plass C, Santoro R. BAZ2A (TIP5) is involved in epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer and its overexpression predicts disease recurrence. Nat Genet 2014; 47:22-30. [PMID: 25485837 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is driven by a combination of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic alterations are frequently observed in all human cancers, yet how aberrant epigenetic signatures are established is poorly understood. Here we show that the gene encoding BAZ2A (TIP5), a factor previously implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is paradoxically involved in maintaining prostate cancer cell growth, a feature specific to cancer cells. BAZ2A regulates numerous protein-coding genes and directly interacts with EZH2 to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in metastasis. BAZ2A overexpression is tightly associated with a molecular subtype displaying a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Finally, high BAZ2A levels serve as an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in a cohort of 7,682 individuals with prostate cancer. This work identifies a new aberrant role for the epigenetic regulator BAZ2A, which can also serve as a useful marker for metastatic potential in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- 1] Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra C Frommel
- 1] Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [2] Molecular Life Science Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Y Gerig
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bär
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- 1] Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [2] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constance Baer
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Weiss
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruprecht Kuner
- Unit of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center of Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Unit of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center of Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Oncology Research Unit, Division of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- 1] Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raffaella Santoro
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Afonso J, Longatto-Filho A, DA Silva VM, Amaro T, Santos LL. Phospho-mTOR in non-tumour and tumour bladder urothelium: Pattern of expression and impact on urothelial bladder cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1447-1454. [PMID: 25202348 PMCID: PMC4156165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is heterogeneous in its pathology and clinical behaviour. Evaluation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is necessary, in order to produce personalised treatment options. The present study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate UBC sections containing tumour and non-tumour areas from 76 patients, for the detection of p-mTOR, CD31 and D2-40 (blood and lymphatic vessels identification, respectively). Of the non-tumour and tumour sections, 36 and 20% were scored positive for p-mTOR expression, respectively. Immunoexpression was observed in umbrella cells from non-tumour urothelium, in all cell layers from non-muscle-invasive (NMI) tumours (including expression in superficial cells), and in spots of cells from muscle-invasive (MI) tumours. Positive expression decreased from non-tumour to tumour urothelium, and from pT1/pTis to pT3/pT4 tumours; however, the few pT3/pT4 positive cases had worse survival rates, with 5-year disease-free survival being significantly lower. Angiogenesis occurrence was impaired in pT3/pT4 tumours that did not express p-mTOR. In conclusion, p-mTOR expression in non-tumour umbrella cells is likely a reflection of their metabolic plasticity, and extension to the inner layers of the urothelium in NMI tumours is consistent with an enhanced malignant potential. The expression in cell spots in a few MI tumours and absence of expression in the remaining tumours is intriguing and requires further research. Additional studies regarding the up- and downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway should be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Healh Sciences (ECS) University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4710-057/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Healh Sciences (ECS) University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4710-057/Guimarães 4806-909, Portugal ; Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 14), Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil ; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Teresina Amaro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), Porto 4200-072, Portugal ; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4200-150, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farooqi AA, Hou MF, Chen CC, Wang CL, Chang HW. Androgen receptor and gene network: Micromechanics reassemble the signaling machinery of TMPRSS2-ERG positive prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:34. [PMID: 24739220 PMCID: PMC4002202 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a gland tumor in the male reproductive system. It is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Transmembrane protease, serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 homolog (TMPRSS2-ERG) gene fusions are the common molecular signature of prostate cancer. Although tremendous advances have been made in unraveling various facets of TMPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancer, many research findings must be sequentially collected and re-interpreted. It is important to understand the activation or repression of target genes and proteins in response to various stimuli and the assembly in signal transduction in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, we divide this multi-component review ofprostate cancer cells into several segments: 1) The role of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in genomic instability and methylated regulation in prostate cancer and normal cells; 2) Signal transduction cascades in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer; 3) Overexpressed genes in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer cells; 4) miRNA mediated regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) and its associated protein network; 5) Quantitative control of ERG in prostate cancer cells; 6) TMPRSS2-ERG encoded protein targeting; In conclusion, we provide a detailed understanding of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion related information in prostate cancer development to provide a rationale for exploring TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-mediated molecular network machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 Km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Burdelski C, Matuszewska A, Kluth M, Koop C, Grupp K, Steurer S, Wittmer C, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Qualitative and Quantitative Requirements for Assessing Prognostic Markers in Prostate Cancer. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:137-58. [PMID: 27600340 PMCID: PMC5003445 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular prognostic markers are urgently needed in order to improve therapy decisions in prostate cancer. To better understand the requirements for biomarker studies, we re-analyzed prostate cancer tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (IHC) data from 39 prognosis markers in subsets of 50 - >10,000 tumors. We found a strong association between the "prognostic power" of individual markers and the number of tissues that should be minimally included in such studies. The prognostic relevance of more than 90% of the 39 IHC markers could be detected if ≥6400 tissue samples were analyzed. Studying markers of tissue quality, including immunohistochemistry of ets-related gene (ERG) and vimentin, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), we found that 18% of tissues in our tissue microarray (TMA) showed signs of reduced tissue preservation and limited immunoreactivity. Comparing the results of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses or associations to ERG immunohistochemistry in subsets of tumors with and without exclusion of these defective tissues did not reveal statistically relevant differences. In summary, our study demonstrates that TMA-based marker validation studies using biochemical recurrence as an endpoint require at least 6400 individual tissue samples for establishing statistically relevant associations between the expression of molecular markers and patient outcome if weak to moderate prognosticators should also be reliably identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Matuszewska
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hartmann A, Schlomm T, Bertz S, Heinzelmann J, Hölters S, Simon R, Stoehr R, Junker K. [Prognostic and predictive molecular markers for urologic cancers]. Urologe A 2014; 53:491-500. [PMID: 24700189 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular prognostic factors and genetic alterations as predictive markers for cancer-specific targeted therapies are used today in the clinic for many malignancies. In recent years, many molecular markers for urogenital cancers have also been identified. However, these markers are not clinically used yet. In prostate cancer, novel next-generation sequencing methods revealed a detailed picture of the molecular changes. There is growing evidence that a combination of classical histopathological and validated molecular markers could lead to a more precise estimation of prognosis, thus, resulting in an increasing number of patients with active surveillance as a possible treatment option. In patients with urothelial carcinoma, histopathological factors but also the proliferation of the tumor, mutations in oncogenes leading to an increasing proliferation rate and changes in genes responsible for invasion and metastasis are important. In addition, gene expression profiles which could distinguish aggressive tumors with high risk of metastasis from nonmetastasizing tumors have been recently identified. In the future, this could potentially allow better selection of patients needing systemic perioperative treatment. In renal cell carcinoma, many molecular markers that are associated with metastasis and survival have been identified. Some of these markers were also validated as independent prognostic markers. Selection of patients with primarily organ-confined tumors and increased risk of metastasis for adjuvant systemic therapy could be clinically relevant in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hartmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
High nuclear karyopherin α 2 expression is a strong and independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients treated by radical prostatectomy. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:96-106. [PMID: 23887301 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) expression have been described to be linked to poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical impact of KPNA2 expression and its association with key genomic alterations in prostate cancers. A tissue microarray containing samples from 11 152 prostate cancers was analyzed for KPNA2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with oncological follow-up data and genomic alterations such as TMPRSS2-ERG fusions and deletions of PTEN, 5q21, 6q15 or 3p13. KPNA2 expression was absent or weak in benign prostatic glands and was found to be in weak, moderate or strong intensities in 68.4% of 7964 interpretable prostate cancers. KPNA2 positivity was significantly linked to the presence of ERG rearrangement (P<0.0001). In ERG-negative and -positive prostate cancers, KPNA2 immunostaining was significantly associated with advanced pathological tumor stage (pT3b/pT4), high Gleason grade and early biochemical recurrence (P<0.0001 each). Multivariate analysis including all established prognostic criteria available after surgery revealed that the prognostic role of KPNA2 (P=0.001) was independent of high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor stage, high preoperative prostate-specific antigen level and positive surgical margin status (P<0.0001 each). The comparison of KPNA2 expression with deletions of PTEN, 5q21, 6q15 and 3p13 in ERG-positive and -negative cancers revealed a strong link to PTEN deletions in both subgroups (P<0.0001). In conclusion, the strong independent prognostic impact of KPNA2 expression raises the possibility that measurement of KPNA2 expression alone or in combination with other molecular parameters might possibly result in clinically useful information. The data also emphasize a critical role of the functionality of the nuclear import machinery for prostate cancer biology.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsourlakis MC, Weigand P, Grupp K, Kluth M, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Graefen M, Huland H, Salomon G, Steuber T, Wilczak W, Sirma H, Simon R, Sauter G, Minner S, Quaas A. βIII-tubulin overexpression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer progression tightly linked to ERG fusion status and PTEN deletion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:609-17. [PMID: 24378408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) may represent a prognostic and predictive molecular marker in prostate cancer. βIII-Tubulin expression was determined by IHC in 8179 prostate cancer specimens in a TMA format. Results were compared with tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) status, and deletions on PTEN, 3p13, 5q21, and 6q15. βIII-Tubulin expression was detectable in 25.6% of 8179 interpretable cancers. High βIII-tubulin expression was strongly associated with both TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement and ERG expression (P < 0.0001 each). High βIII-tubulin expression was tightly linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pT stage, and early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in all cancers (P < 0.0001 each), but also in the subgroups of ERG-negative and ERG-positive cancers. When all tumors were analyzed, the prognostic role of βIII-tubulin expression was independent of Gleason grade, pT stage, pN stage, surgical margin status, and preoperative PSA. Independent prognostic value became even more evident if the analysis was limited to preoperatively available features, such as biopsy specimen Gleason grade, preoperative PSA, cT stage, and βIII-tubulin expression (P < 0.0001 each). βIII-Tubulin expression was associated with PTEN (P < 0.0001) when all tumors were analyzed, but also in the subgroups of ERG-negative and ERG-positive cancers. βIII-Tubulin expression is an independent prognostic parameter. The significant associations with key genomic alterations of prostate cancer, such as TMPRSS2:ERG fusions and PTEN deletions, suggest interactions with several pivotal pathways involved in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Weigand
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Prostate Cancer Center, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, the Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Sirma
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grupp K, Diebel F, Sirma H, Simon R, Breitmeyer K, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Prien K, Pham T, Weigand P, Michl U, Heinzer H, Kluth M, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Wilczak W. SPINK1 expression is tightly linked to 6q15- and 5q21-deleted ERG-fusion negative prostate cancers but unrelated to PSA recurrence. Prostate 2013; 73:1690-8. [PMID: 23843146 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) has been suggested to define an aggressive molecular subtype of ERG-fusion negative prostate cancer. It was the aim of this study to further study the clinical relevance of SPINK1 expression and its relationship with other key genomic alterations of prostate cancer. METHODS A tissue microarray containing more than 10,000 prostate cancers with clinical follow-up was used for immunohistochemical SPINK1 analysis. Data on ERG status as well as PTEN, 6q, 5q, and 3p deletions were available for comparison. RESULTS SPINK1 expression was absent in benign prostate glands and detectable in 5.9% of 9,503 interpretable prostate cancers. Presence of SPINK1 expression was markedly more frequent in ERG negative (10.4%) than in ERG positive cancers (0.3%; P < 0.0001). However, SPINK1 expression was unrelated to tumor phenotype and biochemical recurrence in all cancers and in the subgroup of ERG negative cancers. Further subgroup analyses revealed, however, that--within ERG negative cancers--SPINK1 expression was significantly linked to deletions at 6q15 (P < 0.0001) and 5q21 (P = 0.0042). CONCLUSIONS Our results exclude SPINK1 as a relevant prognostic prostate cancer biomarker. However, the data demonstrate that SPINK1 overexpression is tightly linked to the small subsets of 6q15- and 5q21-deleted ERG negative prostate cancers. These findings support the concept of molecularly defined subtypes of prostate cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Prostate/metabolism
- Prostate/pathology
- Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG
- Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sirma H, Broemel M, Stumm L, Tsourlakis T, Steurer S, Tennstedt P, Salomon G, Michl U, Haese A, Simon R, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Minner S. Loss of CDKN1B/p27Kip1 expression is associated with ERG fusion-negative prostate cancer, but is unrelated to patient prognosis. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1245-1252. [PMID: 24179503 PMCID: PMC3813765 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and prognostic role of p27 expression in hormone-naive prostate cancers. A tissue microarray containing samples from 4,699 prostate cancers with attached pathological, clinical follow-up and molecular data was analyzed for nuclear p27 expression by immunohistochemistry. p27 staining was negative in 18.6%, weak in 33.5%, moderate in 28.4% and strong in 19.5% of 3,701 interpretable cancer spots. Loss of p27 immunostaining was linked to tumors of low Gleason grade (P<0.0001) and ERG fusion-negative cancers (P<0.0001). p27 levels were not associated with other parameters, including tumor stage, nodal stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, surgical margin status and cell proliferation (as measured by the Ki67 labeling index). p27 expression was also unrelated to clinical outcome in all cancers, as well as in the subsets of ERG fusion-positive and -negative cancers. Overall, the present data demonstrated that elevated p27 expression was often unrelated to prostate cancer phenotype. Furthermore, the lack of an effect of the p27 protein levels on PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy indicated that factors other than p27 expression are likely to be the major determinants of prostate cancer recurrence. However, a subset of ERG-negative, low-grade tumors was frequently characterized by loss of p27, suggesting a role of this alteration for the development of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Sirma
- Institute of Pathology, Prostate Cancer Center and Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research at Clinic of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Overexpression of the chromatin remodeler death-domain–associated protein in prostate cancer is an independent predictor of early prostate-specific antigen recurrence. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1789-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Grupp K, Höhne TS, Prien K, Hube-Magg C, Tsourlakis MC, Sirma H, Pham T, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Michl U, Simon R, Wilczak W, Izbicki J, Sauter G, Minner S, Schlomm T, Steurer S. Reduced CD147 expression is linked to ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers but lacks substantial impact on PSA recurrence in patients treated by radical prostatectomy. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:227-34. [PMID: 23948277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 has been suggested as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. CD147 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared to tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, ERG status and deletions on PTEN, 3p13, 6q15 and 5q21. CD147 expression was strong in benign prostatic glands and often reduced in prostate cancers. CD147 immunostaining was found in 71.7% of 7628 interpretable cases. CD147 staining was considered strong in 34.6%, moderate in 24.3% and weak in 12.8% of cancers while 28.3% did not show any CD147 reactivity. Reduced CD147 staining was strongly associated with both TMPRSS2-ERG-rearrangement and ERG expression (p<0.0001 each). Within the subgroups of ERG positive and negative cancers, deletions of PTEN, 3p13, 6q15 and 5q21 were unrelated to the CD147 expression status. Decreased CD147 expression was significantly linked to high preoperative PSA values, high Gleason grade, advanced tumor stage (p<0.0001 each), and positive lymph node involvement (p=0.0026) in all cancers. There was a marginal, but statistically significant, association of reduced CD147 expression with early biochemical recurrence (p=0.0296). The significant reduction of CD147 expression in ERG positive prostate cancer provides further evidence for marked biological differences between "fusion type" and "non-fusion type" prostate cancer. Despite a weak association with PSA recurrence, CD147 cannot be considered a relevant prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
High lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 expression independently predicts high risk for biochemical recurrence in prostate cancers. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1001-11. [PMID: 23941784 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been suggested to play a role in cancer. To assess its role in prostate cancer, LPCAT1 expression was analyzed on a tissue microarray containing samples from 11,152 prostate cancer patients. In benign prostate glands, LPCAT1 immunostaining was absent or weak. In prostate cancer, LPCAT1 positivity was found in 73.8% of 8786 interpretable tumors including 29.2% with strong expression. Increased LPCAT1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage (pT3b/T4) (p < 0.0001), high Gleason score (≥4 + 4) (p < 0.0001), positive nodal involvement (p = 0.0002), positive surgical margin (p = 0.0005), and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). High LPCAT1 expression was strongly linked to ERG-fusion type prostate cancer. Strong LPCAT1 staining was detected in 45.3% of ERG positive but in only 16.7% of ERG negative tumors (p < 0.0001). Within ERG negative cancers, LPCAT1 staining was strongly increased within the subgroup of PTEN deleted cancers (p < 0.0001). Further subgroup analyses revealed that associations of high LPCAT1 expression with PSA recurrence and unfavorable tumor phenotype were largely driven by ERG negative cancers (p < 0.0001) while these effects were substantially mitigated in ERG positive cancers (p = 0.0073). The prognostic impact of LPCAT1 expression was independent of histological and clinical parameters. It is concluded, that LPCAT1 measurement, either alone or in combination, may be utilized for better clinical decision-making. These data also highlight the potentially important role of lipid metabolism in prostate cancer biology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 overexpression is linked to a subset of PTEN-deleted ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers with early biochemical recurrence. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:733-42. [PMID: 23196798 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) expression is linked to clinically or molecularly relevant subgroups of prostate cancer. A tissue microarray representing samples from >10,000 prostate cancers from radical prostatectomy specimens with clinical follow-up data were analyzed for CRISP3 expression by immunohistochemistry. CRISP3 expression was also compared with key genomic alterations of prostate cancer. CRISP3 staining was found as weak in 15%, moderate in 8.5%, and strong in 7.2% of prostate cancers, whereas no expression was detected in normal prostate. Strong CRISP3 expression was linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason score, and positive surgical margin status (P<0.0001 each). There was a marked accumulation of high CRISP3 expression in PTEN-deleted ERG-positive tumors (P<0.0001). A total of, 21.7% of ERG-positive and PTEN-deleted cancers had strong CRISP3 expression, but only 10.4% of ERG-positive cancers without PTEN deletion (P<0.0001). The rate of high CRISP3 expression was 2.5% in ERG-negative cancers (P=0.0001; vs ERG-positive cancers). Accordingly, CRISP3 overexpression was associated with early prostate-specific antigen recurrence in all tumors (P=0.0013) as well as in ERG-negative (P=0.004) and ERG-positive cancers (P=0.0318). CRISP3 expression did not retain prognostic significance in models also involving PTEN deletions. Strong CRISP3 expression is associated with unfavorable tumor phenotype and early recurrence in prostate cancers. The tight link of strong CRISP3 expression to the ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers with PTEN deletions provides further evidence for the existence of molecularly distinct subgroups of prostate cancers.
Collapse
|
33
|
Brenner JC, Chinnaiyan AM, Tomlins SA. ETS Fusion Genes in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|