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Ullah A, Chen Y, Singla RK, Cao D, Shen B. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines as game-changer in age-associated prostate cancer and ovarian cancer: Insights from preclinical and clinical studies' outcomes. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107213. [PMID: 38750677 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) and Ovarian cancer (OC) are two of the most common types of cancer that affect the reproductive systems of older men and women. These cancers are associated with a poor quality of life among the aged population. Therefore, finding new and innovative ways to detect, treat, and prevent these cancers in older patients is essential. Finding biomarkers for these malignancies will increase the chance of early detection and effective treatment, subsequently improving the survival rate. Studies have shown that the prevalence and health of some illnesses are linked to an impaired immune system. However, the age-associated changes in the immune system during malignancies such as PC and OC are poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that the excessive production of inflammatory immune mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), etc., significantly impact the development of PC and OC in elderly patients. Our review focuses on the latest functional studies of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines, which serve as biomarkers in elderly patients with PC and OC. Thus, we aim to shed light on how these biomarkers affect the development of PC and OC in elderly patients. We also examine the current status and future perspective of cytokines (interleukins) and CXC chemokines-based therapeutic targets in OC and PC treatment for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiu Chen
- Gynecology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, Xingnan Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wu M, Xu X, Yang C, An Q, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Feng Y, Liang W, Fu Y, Zhang G, Jiang T. Regulator of G protein signaling 1 is a potential target in gastric cancer and impacts tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1085-1101. [PMID: 38287908 PMCID: PMC11006993 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) is closely associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and is highly expressed in various tumors and immune cells. The specific effects of RGS1 in the dynamic progression from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer have not been reported, and the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is also unclear. In the present study, RGS1 was identified as an upregulated gene in different pathological stages ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer by using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) screening together with pancancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and clinical prognostic analysis. The results indicated that RGS1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and has potential prognostic value. We confirmed through in vivo experiments that RGS1 inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and promoted apoptosis, which was further corroborated by in vitro experiments. Additionally, RGS1 influenced cell migration and invasion. In our subsequent investigation of RGS1, we discovered its role in the immune response. Through analyses of single-cell and GEO database data, we confirmed its involvement in immune cell regulation, specifically TAM activation. Subsequently, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to confirm the involvement of RGS1 in polarizing M1 macrophages while indirectly regulating M2 macrophages through tumor cells. In conclusion, RGS1 could be a potential target for the transformation of chronic gastritis into gastric cancer and has a measurable impact on TAMs, which warrants further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Xuefei Xu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Chuqi Yang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Qingwen An
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Zhengqi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Yewen Feng
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Weiyu Liang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Yufei Fu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Labortory of Blood‐Stasis‐Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of ZhejiangHangzhouChina
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3
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Flynn AL, Gans J, Escobedo J, Zhu C, Florescu AM, Shankara S, Madden SL, Kim PS, Pao LI. RGS1 Modulates Autophagic and Metabolic Programs and Is a Critical Mediator of Human Regulatory T Cell Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1656-1668. [PMID: 37850953 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance and play a diametric role in cancer and autoimmunity. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs are often associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors because their enrichment in the tumor microenvironment contributes to immunosuppression. Conversely, dysregulation in the Treg compartment can disrupt self-tolerance, leading to autoimmunity. In the present study, we describe what is, to our knowledge, a novel regulator of Tregs, the GTPase activator regulator of G protein 1 (RGS1), demonstrating that RGS1-deficient human Tregs show downregulation of Treg-associated genes and are less immunosuppressive. These RGS1-deficient Tregs exhibit perturbations to the FOXP3-c-MYC transcriptional axis and downstream metabolic and autophagy programs by shifting their energy demands toward glycolysis and rendering them less autophagic. Taken together, RGS1 may serve as an apical node of Treg function by regulating the FOXP3-c-MYC transcriptional axis, thereby providing a therapeutic rationale for targeting RGS1 for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Gans
- Department of Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Peter S Kim
- Department of Oncology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lily I Pao
- Department of Oncology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA
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Su Q, Zhu Y, He B, Dai B, Mu W, Tian J. A novel tumor purity and immune infiltration-related model for predicting distant metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:545. [PMID: 38017548 PMCID: PMC10683297 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND umor cells, immune cells and stromal cells jointly modify tumor development and progression. We aim to explore the potential effects of tumor purity on the immune microenvironment, genetic landscape and prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Tumor purity of prostate cancer patients was extracted from The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Immune cellular proportions were calculated by the CIBERSORT. To identify critical modules related to tumor purity, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using STRING and Cytoscape, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and analyzed. A Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, Disease Ontology (DO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis of identified modules was conducted. To identify the expression of key genes at protein levels, we used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) platform. RESULTS A model of tumor purity score (TPS) was constructed in the gene expression omnibus series (GSE) 116,918 cohort. TCGA cohort served as a validation set and was employed to validate the TPS. TPS model, as an independent prognostic factor of distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in PCa. Patients had higher tumor purity and better prognosis in the low-TPS group. Tumor purity was related to the infiltration of mast cells and macrophage cells positively, whereas related to the infiltration of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells negatively in PCa. The nomogram based on TPS, Age, Gleason score and T stage had a good predictive value and could evaluate the prognosis of PCa metastasis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that hub genes mainly participate in T cell activation and T-helper lymphocytes (TH) differentiation. Hub genes were mainly enriched in primary immunodeficiency disease, according to DO analysis. SLAMF8 was identified as the most critical gene by Cytoscape and HPA analysis. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in the immune microenvironment associated with tumor purity could correlate with a poor DMFS of low-purity PCa. The TPS can predict the DMFS of PCa. In addition, prostate cancer metastases may be related to immunosuppression caused by a disorder of the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yongbei Zhu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bingxi He
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Neurosurgery department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wei Mu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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5
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dos Reis FD, Jerónimo C, Correia MP. Epigenetic modulation and prostate cancer: Paving the way for NK cell anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152572. [PMID: 37090711 PMCID: PMC10113550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoepigenetics is a growing field, as there is mounting evidence on the key role played by epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of tumor immune cell recognition and control of immune cell anti-tumor responses. Moreover, it is increasingly acknowledgeable a tie between epigenetic regulation and prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. PCa is intrinsically a cold tumor, with scarce immune cell infiltration and low inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, Natural Killer (NK) cells, main anti-tumor effector immune cells, have been frequently linked to improved PCa prognosis. The role that epigenetic-related mechanisms might have in regulating both NK cell recognition of PCa tumor cells and NK cell functions in PCa is still mainly unknown. Epigenetic modulating drugs have been showing boundless therapeutic potential as anti-tumor agents, however their role in immune cell regulation and recognition is scarce. In this review, we focused on studies addressing modulation of epigenetic mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated responses, including both the epigenetic modulation of tumor cell NK ligand expression and NK cell receptor expression and function in different tumor models, highlighting studies in PCa. The integrated knowledge from diverse epigenetic modulation mechanisms promoting NK cell-mediated immunity in various tumor models might open doors for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic options for PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa D. dos Reis
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Master Program in Oncology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Margareta P. Correia,
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Zhang S, Wang H, Liu J, Tao T, Zeng Z, Wang M. RGS1 and related genes as potential targets for immunotherapy in cervical cancer: computational biology and experimental validation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:334. [PMID: 35879796 PMCID: PMC9310486 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective treatment is needed for advanced, inoperable, or chemotherapy-resistant cervical cancer patients. Immunotherapy has become a new treatment modality for cervical cancer patients, and there is an urgent need to identify additional targets for cervical cancer immunotherapy. Methods In this study the core gene, RGS1, which affects immune status and the FIGO stage of cervical cancer patients was identified by WGCNA analysis and differential analysis using TCGA database. 10 related genes interacting with RGS1 were identified using PPI network, and the functional and immune correlations were analyzed. Based on the expression of RGS1 and related genes, the consensus clustering method was used to divide CESC patients into two groups (group 1, high expression of RGS1; group 2, low expression of RGS1). Then, the functional enrichment analysis was used to search for the functional differences in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between group 1 and group 2. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA, and the differences in expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targets were assessed between the two groups. We investigated the effect of RGS1 on the clinical relevance of CESC patients, and experimentally verified the differences in RGS1 expression between cervical cancer patient tissues and normal cervical tissues, the role of RGS1 in cell function, and the effect on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Results We found that RGS1 was associated with CD4, GNAI3, RGS2, GNAO1, GNAI2, RGS20, GNAZ, GNAI1, HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, especially CD4 and RGS2. Functional enrichment of DEGs was associated with T cell activation. Compared with group 2, group 1 had stronger immune infiltration and higher ICI target expression. RGS1 had higher expression in cervical cancer tissues than normal tissues, especially in HPV-E6 positive cancer tissues. In cervical cancer cell lines, knockdown of RGS1 can inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in nude mice and promoted apoptosis. Conclusions RGS1, as an oncogenic gene of cervical cancer, affects the immune microenvironment of patients with cervical cancer and may be a target of immunotherapy.
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Rasmussen TA, Zerbato JM, Rhodes A, Tumpach C, Dantanarayana A, McMahon JH, Lau JS, Chang JJ, Gubser C, Brown W, Hoh R, Krone M, Pascoe R, Chiu CY, Bramhall M, Lee HJ, Haque A, Fromentin R, Chomont N, Milush J, Van der Sluis RM, Palmer S, Deeks SG, Cameron PU, Evans V, Lewin SR. Memory CD4 + T cells that co-express PD1 and CTLA4 have reduced response to activating stimuli facilitating HIV latency. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100766. [PMID: 36198308 PMCID: PMC9589005 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) suppress CD4+ T cell activation and may promote latent HIV infection. By performing leukapheresis (n = 21) and lymph node biopsies (n = 8) in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sorting memory CD4+ T cells into subsets based on PD1/CTLA4 expression, we investigate the role of PD1 and CTLA 4 in HIV persistence. We show that double-positive (PD1+CTLA4+) cells in blood contain more HIV DNA compared with double-negative (PD1−CTLA4−) cells but still have a lower proportion of cells producing multiply spliced HIV RNA after stimulation as well as reduced upregulation of T cell activation and proliferation markers. Transcriptomics analyses identify differential expression of key genes regulating T cell activation and proliferation with MAF, KLRB1, and TIGIT being upregulated in double-positive compared with double-negative cells, whereas FOS is downregulated. We conclude that, in addition to being enriched for HIV DNA, double-positive cells are characterized by negative signaling and a reduced capacity to respond to stimulation, favoring HIV latency. CD4+ T cells co-expressing PD1 and CTLA4 (double positive [DP]) are enriched for HIV DNA DP cells contain virus that is more resistant to stimulation DP cells display differential expression of genes regulating T cell activation These features favor persistence of HIV latency in cells co-expressing PD1 and CTLA4
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jennifer M. Zerbato
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ajantha Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolin Tumpach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jillian S.Y. Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J. Judy Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Celine Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wendy Brown
- Monash University Department of Surgery, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Krone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Pascoe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Chris Y. Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michael Bramhall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rèmi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Milush
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renee M. Van der Sluis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul U. Cameron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vanessa Evans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author
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8
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Ju M, Fan J, Zou Y, Yu M, Jiang L, Wei Q, Bi J, Hu B, Guan Q, Song X, Dong M, Wang L, Yu L, Wang Y, Kang H, Xin W, Zhao L. Computational Recognition of a Regulatory T-cell-specific Signature With Potential Implications in Prognosis, Immunotherapy, and Therapeutic Resistance of Prostate Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807840. [PMID: 35812443 PMCID: PMC9259848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, recognized as a "cold" tumor, has an immunosuppressive microenvironment in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) usually play a major role. Therefore, identifying a prognostic signature of Tregs has promising benefits of improving survival of prostate cancer patients. However, the traditional methods of Treg quantification usually suffer from bias and variability. Transcriptional characteristics have recently been found to have a predictive power for the infiltration of Tregs. Thus, a novel machine learning-based computational framework has been presented using Tregs and 19 other immune cell types using 42 purified immune cell datasets from GEO to identify Treg-specific mRNAs, and a prognostic signature of Tregs (named "TILTregSig") consisting of five mRNAs (SOCS2, EGR1, RRM2, TPP1, and C11orf54) was developed and validated to monitor the prognosis of prostate cancer using the TCGA and ICGC datasets. The TILTregSig showed a stronger predictive power for tumor immunity compared with tumor mutation burden and glycolytic activity, which have been reported as immune predictors. Further analyses indicate that the TILTregSig might influence tumor immunity mainly by mediating tumor-infiltrating Tregs and could be a powerful predictor for Tregs in prostate cancer. Moreover, the TILTregSig showed a promising potential for predicting cancer immunotherapy (CIT) response in five CIT response datasets and therapeutic resistance in the GSCALite dataset in multiple cancers. Our TILTregSig derived from PBMCs makes it possible to achieve a straightforward, noninvasive, and inexpensive detection assay for prostate cancer compared with the current histopathological examination that requires invasive tissue puncture, which lays the foundation for the future development of a panel of different molecules in peripheral blood comprising a biomarker of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanjiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baohui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiutong Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Vick SC, Kolupaev OV, Perou CM, Serody JS. Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Therapy Can Promote the Function and Survival of Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2598-2607. [PMID: 34607937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown in a model of claudin-low breast cancer that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and express high levels of PD-1. In mouse models and patients with triple-negative breast cancer, it is postulated that one cause for the lack of activity of anti-PD-1 therapy is the activation of PD-1-expressing Tregs in the TME. We hypothesized that the expression of PD-1 on Tregs would lead to enhanced suppressive function of Tregs and worsen antitumor immunity during PD-1 blockade. To evaluate this, we isolated Tregs from claudin-low tumors and functionally evaluated them ex vivo. We compared transcriptional profiles of Tregs isolated from tumor-bearing mice with or without anti-PD-1 therapy using RNA sequencing. We found several genes associated with survival and proliferation pathways; for example, Jun, Fos, and Bcl2 were significantly upregulated in Tregs exposed to anti-PD-1 treatment. Based on these data, we hypothesized that anti-PD-1 treatment on Tregs results in a prosurvival phenotype. Indeed, Tregs exposed to PD-1 blockade had significantly higher levels of Bcl-2 expression, and this led to increased protection from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found in vitro and in vivo that Tregs in the presence of anti-PD-1 proliferated more than control Tregs PD-1 blockade significantly increased the suppressive activity of Tregs at biologically relevant Treg/Tnaive cell ratios. Altogether, we show that this immunotherapy blockade increases proliferation, protection from apoptosis, and suppressive capabilities of Tregs, thus leading to enhanced immunosuppression in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Vick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Oleg V Kolupaev
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and
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10
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Evaluation of an RNAseq-Based Immunogenomic Liquid Biopsy Approach in Early-Stage Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102567. [PMID: 34685549 PMCID: PMC8533765 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to detect biomarkers and develop models that enable the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer and to understand the biologic implications of the genes involved. Peripheral blood samples (1018 patients) were split chronologically into independent training (n = 713) and validation (n = 305) sets. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on isolated phagocytic CD14+ and non-phagocytic CD2+ cells and their gene expression levels were used to develop predictive models that correlate to adverse pathologic features. The immune-transcriptomic model with the highest performance for predicting adverse pathology, based on a subtraction of the log-transformed expression signals of the two cell types, displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.70. The addition of biomarkers in combination with traditional clinical risk factors (age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, race, digital rectal examination (DRE), and family history) enhanced the AUC to 0.91 and 0.83 for the training and validation sets, respectively. The markers identified by this approach uncovered specific pathway associations relevant to (prostate) cancer biology. Increased phagocytic activity in conjunction with cancer-associated (mis-)regulation is also represented by these markers. Differential gene expression of circulating immune cells gives insight into the cellular immune response to early tumor development and immune surveillance.
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11
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Antognelli C, Mandarano M, Prosperi E, Sidoni A, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase-1-Dependent Methylglyoxal Depletion Sustains PD-L1 Expression in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Mechanism in Cancer Immunosurveillance Escape and a Potential Novel Target to Overcome PD-L1 Blockade Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122965. [PMID: 34199263 PMCID: PMC8232032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a well-known lethal condition. One of the mechanisms through which PCa cells become so aggressive is the avoidance of immune surveillance that further fosters cell growth, invasion, and migration. PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in inhibiting cytotoxic T cells and maintaining an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Hence, targeting PD-L1/PD-1 axis represents a potential way to control mPCa. Unfortunately, mPCa patients do not respond to PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade, focusing the research to understand the possible underpinning mechanisms. Our results provide a novel pathway taking part in cancer immunosurveillance escape and in the above-mentioned immunotherapy resistance, which provides the basis for additional studies aimed at developing novel therapeutic opportunities, possibly also in combination with antibodies blocking PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a disease for which to date there is not curative therapy. Even the recent and attractive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting PD-L1, an immune checkpoint protein which helps cancer cells to escape from immunosurveillance, have proved ineffective. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to keep an immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with tumor progression and refractoriness to PD-L1 inhibitors is urgently needed. In the present study, by using gene silencing and specific activators or scavengers, we demonstrated, in mPCa cell models, that methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), especially 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), and its metabolizing enzyme, glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), contribute to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment through MG-H1-mediated PD-L1 up-regulation and to promote cancer progression. Moreover, our findings suggest that this novel mechanism might be responsible, at least in part, of mPCa resistance to PD-L1 inhibitors, such as atezolizumab, and that targeting it may sensitize cells to this PD-L1 inhibitor. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of mPCa immunosurveillance escape and help in providing the basis to foster in vivo research toward novel therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy of mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-8354
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Enrico Prosperi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
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12
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Li S, Yang H, Li S, Zhao Z, Wang D, Fu W. High expression of regulator of G-protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 33692854 PMCID: PMC7933750 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted that immune and stromal cells form the majority of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which plays important roles in tumour progression. The present study aimed to screen vital prognostic genes associated with the TME in gastric cancer (GC). The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to calculate TME-related scores, and the relationship between clinicopathological variables and these scores was analysed. Heatmaps and Venn plots were then used to visualize and screen differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to evaluate survival differences for each hub gene. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was employed to evaluate the expression of the three hub genes in the validation cohort. The association between gene expression, clinicopathological variables and survival was also evaluated. Higher stromal scores were associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC. In addition, higher scores were significantly associated with a higher tumour grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and T stage with regard to immune scores, stromal scores and ESTIMATE scores, respectively. In total, 644 upregulated intersecting genes and 126 downregulated genes were identified. Moreover, 71 TME-associated hub genes were identified. Batch survival analysis revealed that higher expression of CXCR4, PTGFR and RGS1 was significantly associated with worse outcome. Subsequently, the relationship between high expression of RGS1 and poor prognosis was verified, and high expression of RGS1 was associated with poor differentiation. In conclusion, it was found that compared with immune cells, stromal cells may play a more important role in the prognosis of patients with GC. In addition, the influence of RGS1 expression on survival in GC patients was identified and verified, and high expression of RGS1 was found to be associated with a low differentiation degree of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shuliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Zongxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Daohan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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13
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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14
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Trac NT, Chung EJ. Peptide-based targeting of immunosuppressive cells in cancer. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:92-101. [PMID: 31956738 PMCID: PMC6962647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is marked by the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells play a key role in abrogating the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated (CTL) immune response, allowing tumor growth to proceed unabated. Furthermore, targeting these immunosuppressive cells through the use of peptides and peptide-based nanomedicine has shown promising results. Here we review the origins and functions of immunosuppressive cells in cancer progression, peptide-based systems used in their targeting, and explore future avenues of research regarding cancer immunotherapy. The success of these studies demonstrates the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in the propagation of cancer and the potential of peptide-based nanomaterials as immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Liu Y, Mikrani R, Xie D, Wazir J, Shrestha S, Ullah R, Baig MMFA, Ahmed A, Srivastava PK, Thapa KB, Zhou X. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer: study of immune cells and cytokines. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:160-172. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Dianyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Sajan Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | | | - Kedar Bahadur Thapa
- Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
- Department of Surgery Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210017 China
- Department of Surgery Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital Nanjing Jiangsu 210017 China
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16
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Ji Z, Zhao W, Lin HK, Zhou X. Systematically understanding the immunity leading to CRPC progression. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007344. [PMID: 31504033 PMCID: PMC6754164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a standard treatment strategy for advanced PCa. Although a majority of patients initially respond to ADT well, most of them will eventually develop castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Previous studies suggest that ADT-induced changes in the immune microenvironment (mE) in PCa might be responsible for the failures of various therapies. However, the role of the immune system in CRPC development remains unclear. To systematically understand the immunity leading to CRPC progression and predict the optimal treatment strategy in silico, we developed a 3D Hybrid Multi-scale Model (HMSM), consisting of an ODE system and an agent-based model (ABM), to manipulate the tumor growth in a defined immune system. Based on our analysis, we revealed that the key factors (e.g. WNT5A, TRAIL, CSF1, etc.) mediated the activation of PC-Treg and PC-TAM interaction pathways, which induced the immunosuppression during CRPC progression. Our HMSM model also provided an optimal therapeutic strategy for improving the outcomes of PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ji
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health science center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiling Zhao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health science center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health science center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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17
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Sun W, Chen L, Huang JQ, Li J, Zhu XL, Wen YH, Wen WP. Dynamic changes in chemosensitivity immune predictors in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with induction chemotherapy. Head Neck 2019; 41:2380-2388. [PMID: 30737970 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no data predicting chemosensitivity of induction chemotherapy (ICT) for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS Associations between immune cells and overall response (OR) to ICT and changes in immune cells during ICT were observed in 40 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC undergoing ICT. RESULTS CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequencies reached diagnostic accuracy for OR to ICT. OR rate was significantly higher in CD4+ -high T cell, CD8+ -high T cell, and low Treg groups. A transient reduction in Tregs and increases in Tregs in the non-OR and OR groups were observed during the course of ICT. Conversely, increases in CD8+ T cells and reductions in CD8+ T cells in the non-OR and OR groups were observed. CONCLUSION High CD4+ T-cell, high CD8+ T-cell, and low Treg frequencies can be predictors for high efficacy of ICT in patients with hypopharyngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hui Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Azad TD, Donato M, Heylen L, Liu AB, Shen-Orr SS, Sweeney TE, Maltzman JS, Naesens M, Khatri P. Inflammatory macrophage-associated 3-gene signature predicts subclinical allograft injury and graft survival. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95659. [PMID: 29367465 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Late allograft failure is characterized by cumulative subclinical insults manifesting over many years. Although immunomodulatory therapies targeting host T cells have improved short-term survival rates, rates of chronic allograft loss remain high. We hypothesized that other immune cell types may drive subclinical injury, ultimately leading to graft failure. We collected whole-genome transcriptome profiles from 15 independent cohorts composed of 1,697 biopsy samples to assess the association of an inflammatory macrophage polarization-specific gene signature with subclinical injury. We applied penalized regression to a subset of the data sets and identified a 3-gene inflammatory macrophage-derived signature. We validated discriminatory power of the 3-gene signature in 3 independent renal transplant data sets with mean AUC of 0.91. In a longitudinal cohort, the 3-gene signature strongly correlated with extent of injury and accurately predicted progression of subclinical injury 18 months before clinical manifestation. The 3-gene signature also stratified patients at high risk of graft failure as soon as 15 days after biopsy. We found that the 3-gene signature also distinguished acute rejection (AR) accurately in 3 heart transplant data sets but not in lung transplant. Overall, we identified a parsimonious signature capable of diagnosing AR, recognizing subclinical injury, and risk-stratifying renal transplant patients. Our results strongly suggest that inflammatory macrophages may be a viable therapeutic target to improve long-term outcomes for organ transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej D Azad
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection and.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection and.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Line Heylen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew B Liu
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection and.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Timothy E Sweeney
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection and.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Scott Maltzman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection and.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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19
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Lin D, Wang X, Choi SYC, Ci X, Dong X, Wang Y. Immune phenotypes of prostate cancer cells: Evidence of epithelial immune cell-like transition? Asian J Urol 2016; 3:195-202. [PMID: 29264187 PMCID: PMC5730833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancers (PCa) have been reported to actively suppress antitumor immune responses by creating an immune-suppressive microenvironment. There is mounting evidence that PCas may undergo an ''Epithelial Immune Cell-like Transition'' (EIT) by expressing molecules conventionally associated with immune cells (e.g., a variety of cytokines/receptors, immune transcription factors, Ig motifs, and immune checkpoint molecules), which subsequently results in the suppression of anti-cancer immune activity within the tumor microenvironment. Recent progress within the field of immune therapy has underscored the importance of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer development, thus leading to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we review the expression of select immune checkpoint molecules in PCa epithelial and associated immune cells, with particular emphasis on clinical data supporting the concept of an EIT-mediated phenotype in PCa. Furthermore, we summarize current advances in anti-immune checkpoint therapies, and provide perspectives on their potential applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xinya Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Xinpei Ci
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Corresponding author. Department of Urologic Sciences/Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada. Fax: +1 604 675 8019.Department of Urologic Sciences/Vancouver Prostate CentreUniversity of British Columbia2660 Oak StreetVancouverBCV6H 3Z6Canada
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20
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Clancy T, Hovig E. Profiling networks of distinct immune-cells in tumors. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:263. [PMID: 27377892 PMCID: PMC4932723 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is now clearly evident that cancer outcome and response to therapy is guided by diverse immune-cell activity in tumors. Presently, a key challenge is to comprehensively identify networks of distinct immune-cell signatures present in complex tissue, at higher-resolution and at various stages of differentiation, activation or function. This is particularly so for closely related immune-cells with diminutive, yet critical, differences. Results To predict networks of infiltrated distinct immune-cell phenotypes at higher resolution, we explored an integrated knowledge-based approach to select immune-cell signature genes integrating not only expression enrichment across immune-cells, but also an automatic capture of relevant immune-cell signature genes from the literature. This knowledge-based approach was integrated with resources of immune-cell specific protein networks, to define signature genes of distinct immune-cell phenotypes. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by profiling signatures of distinct immune-cells, and networks of immune-cells, from metastatic melanoma patients who had undergone chemotherapy. The resultant bioinformatics strategy complements immunohistochemistry from these tumors, and predicts both tumor-killing and immunosuppressive networks of distinct immune-cells in responders and non-responders, respectively. The approach is also shown to capture differences in the immune-cell networks of BRAF versus NRAS mutated metastatic melanomas, and the dynamic changes in resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors in MAPK signalling. Conclusions This integrative bioinformatics approach demonstrates that capturing the protein network signatures and ratios of distinct immune-cell in the tumor microenvironment maybe an important factor in predicting response to therapy. This may serve as a computational strategy to define network signatures of distinct immune-cells to guide immuno-pathological discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1141-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Clancy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Biomedical Research Group, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Bergström SH, Rudolfsson SH, Bergh A. Rat Prostate Tumor Cells Progress in the Bone Microenvironment to a Highly Aggressive Phenotype. Neoplasia 2016; 18:152-61. [PMID: 26992916 PMCID: PMC4796808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer generally metastasizes to bone, and most patients have tumor cells in their bone marrow already at diagnosis. Tumor cells at the metastatic site may therefore progress in parallel with those in the primary tumor. Androgen deprivation therapy is often the first-line treatment for clinically detectable prostate cancer bone metastases. Although the treatment is effective, most metastases progress to a castration-resistant and lethal state. To examine metastatic progression in the bone microenvironment, we implanted androgen-sensitive, androgen receptor-positive, and relatively slow-growing Dunning G (G) rat prostate tumor cells into the tibial bone marrow of fully immune-competent Copenhagen rats. We show that tumor establishment in the bone marrow was reduced compared with the prostate, and whereas androgen deprivation did not affect tumor establishment or growth in the bone, this was markedly reduced in the prostate. Moreover, we found that, with time, G tumor cells in the bone microenvironment progress to a more aggressive phenotype with increased growth rate, reduced androgen sensitivity, and increased metastatic capacity. Tumor cells in the bone marrow encounter lower androgen levels and a higher degree of hypoxia than at the primary site, which may cause high selective pressures and eventually contribute to the development of a new and highly aggressive tumor cell phenotype. It is therefore important to specifically study progression in bone metastases. This tumor model could be used to increase our understanding of how tumor cells adapt in the bone microenvironment and may subsequently improve therapy strategies for prostate metastases in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina H Rudolfsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Sweeney TE, Shidham A, Wong HR, Khatri P. A comprehensive time-course-based multicohort analysis of sepsis and sterile inflammation reveals a robust diagnostic gene set. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:287ra71. [PMID: 25972003 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although several dozen studies of gene expression in sepsis have been published, distinguishing sepsis from a sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is still largely up to clinical suspicion. We hypothesized that a multicohort analysis of the publicly available sepsis gene expression data sets would yield a robust set of genes for distinguishing patients with sepsis from patients with sterile inflammation. A comprehensive search for gene expression data sets in sepsis identified 27 data sets matching our inclusion criteria. Five data sets (n = 663 samples) compared patients with sterile inflammation (SIRS/trauma) to time-matched patients with infections. We applied our multicohort analysis framework that uses both effect sizes and P values in a leave-one-data set-out fashion to these data sets. We identified 11 genes that were differentially expressed (false discovery rate ≤1%, inter-data set heterogeneity P > 0.01, summary effect size >1.5-fold) across all discovery cohorts with excellent diagnostic power [mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.87; range, 0.7 to 0.98]. We then validated these 11 genes in 15 independent cohorts comparing (i) time-matched infected versus noninfected trauma patients (4 cohorts), (ii) ICU/trauma patients with infections over the clinical time course (3 cohorts), and (iii) healthy subjects versus sepsis patients (8 cohorts). In the discovery Glue Grant cohort, SIRS plus the 11-gene set improved prediction of infection (compared to SIRS alone) with a continuous net reclassification index of 0.90. Overall, multicohort analysis of time-matched cohorts yielded 11 genes that robustly distinguish sterile inflammation from infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Sweeney
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Aaditya Shidham
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45223, USA. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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23
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Halvorsen EC, Mahmoud SM, Bennewith KL. Emerging roles of regulatory T cells in tumour progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:1025-41. [PMID: 25359584 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The metastasis of cancer is a complex and life-threatening process that is only partially understood. Immune suppressive cells are recognized as important contributors to tumour progression and may also promote the development and growth of tumour metastases. Specifically, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been found to promote primary tumour progression, and emerging pre-clinical data suggests that Tregs may promote metastasis and metastatic tumour growth. While the precise role that Tregs play in metastatic progression is understudied, recent findings have indicated that by suppressing innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity, Tregs may shield tumour cells from immune detection, and thereby allow tumour cells to survive, proliferate and acquire characteristics that facilitate dissemination. This review will highlight our current understanding of Tregs in metastasis, including an overview of pre-clinical findings and discussion of clinical data regarding Tregs and therapeutic outcome. Evolving strategies to directly ablate Tregs or to inhibit their function will also be discussed. Improving our understanding of how Tregs may influence tumour metastasis may lead to novel treatments for metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Halvorsen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 9-202, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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24
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Beyond the Immune Suppression: The Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794968. [PMID: 26161414 PMCID: PMC4486485 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. As well in many other human cancers, inflammation and immune suppression have an important role in their development. We briefly describe the host components that interact with the tumor to generate an immune suppressive environment involved in PCa promotion and progression. Different tools provide to overcome the mechanisms of immunosuppression including vaccines and immune checkpoint blockades. With regard to this, we report results of most recent clinical trials investigating immunotherapy in metastatic PCa (Sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab, tasquinimod, Prostvac-VF, and GVAX) and provide possible future perspectives combining the immunotherapy to the traditional therapies.
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25
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Woodard GE, Jardín I, Berna-Erro A, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Regulators of G-protein-signaling proteins: negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:97-183. [PMID: 26008785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins are a category of intracellular proteins that have an inhibitory effect on the intracellular signaling produced by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS along with RGS-like proteins switch on through direct contact G-alpha subunits providing a variety of intracellular functions through intracellular signaling. RGS proteins have a common RGS domain that binds to G alpha. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase and thus enhance guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis through the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. As a result, they inactivate the G protein and quickly turn off GPCR signaling thus terminating the resulting downstream signals. Activity and subcellular localization of RGS proteins can be changed through covalent molecular changes to the enzyme, differential gene splicing, and processing of the protein. Other roles of RGS proteins have shown them to not be solely committed to being inhibitors but behave more as modulators and integrators of signaling. RGS proteins modulate the duration and kinetics of slow calcium oscillations and rapid phototransduction and ion signaling events. In other cases, RGS proteins integrate G proteins with signaling pathways linked to such diverse cellular responses as cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking. Human and animal studies have revealed that RGS proteins play a vital role in physiology and can be ideal targets for diseases such as those related to addiction where receptor signaling seems continuously switched on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - A Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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26
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Lam HM, Vessella RL, Morrissey C. The role of the microenvironment-dormant prostate disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 11:41-7. [PMID: 24847652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells (DTC) leave the primary tumor and reside in distant sites (e.g. bone) early in prostate cancer. Patients may harbor dormant DTC which develop into clinically overt metastasis years after radical prostatectomy. We will describe recent evidence suggesting high p38/ERK ratio, bone morphogenetic proteins, and tumor growth factor-beta 2 promote dormancy in solid tumors. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible regulation of dormancy by hematopoietic stem cell and vascular niches, and describe novel models recapitulating bone marrow metastatic latency and out- growth, 3D microvascular networks, and 3D biomatrix supportive niches in the studies of tumor cell dormancy.
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27
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Engelhardt PF, Seklehner S, Brustmann H, Lusuardi L, Riedl CR. Immunohistochemical expression of interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Association with asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis NIH category IV. Scand J Urol 2014; 49:120-6. [DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2014.971427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Roselli M, Cereda V, di Bari MG, Formica V, Spila A, Jochems C, Farsaci B, Donahue R, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Guadagni F. Effects of conventional therapeutic interventions on the number and function of regulatory T cells. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e27025. [PMID: 24353914 PMCID: PMC3862634 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of investigation have revealed the apparent interplay between the immune system of the host and many conventional, “standard-of-care” anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and small molecule targeted therapeutics. In particular, preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the important role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in inhibiting immune responses elicited by immunotherapeutic regimens such as those based on anticancer vaccines or checkpoint inhibitors. However, how the number and immunosuppressive function of Tregs change in cancer patients undergoing treatment with non-immune anticancer therapies remains to be precisely elucidated. To determine whether immunostimulatory therapies can be employed successfully in combination with conventional anticancer regimens, we have investigated both the number and function of Tregs obtained from the peripheral blood of carcinoma patients before the initiation and during the course of chemotherapeutic and targeted agent regimens. Our studies show that the treatment of breast cancer patients with tamoxifen plus leuprolide, a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist, has minimal effects on Tregs, while sunitinib appears to exert differential effects on Tregs among patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. However, the administration of docetaxel to patients with metastatic prostate or breast cancer, as well as that of cisplatin plus vinorelbine to non-small cell lung cancer patients, appears to significantly increase the ratio between effector T cells and Tregs and to reduce the immunosuppressive activity of the latter in the majority of patients. These studies provide the rationale for the selective use of active immunotherapy regimens in combination with specific standard-of-care therapies to achieve the most beneficial clinical outcome among carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Roselli
- Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tor Vergata University Clinical Center; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy
| | - Vittore Cereda
- Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tor Vergata University Clinical Center; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna di Bari
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- Medical Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine; Tor Vergata University Clinical Center; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Spila
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; Rome, Italy
| | - Caroline Jochems
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Benedetto Farsaci
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Renee Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA ; Medical Oncology Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; Rome, Italy
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29
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A combination trial of vaccine plus ipilimumab in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: immune correlates. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:407-18. [PMID: 24514956 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the clinical results of a Phase I trial combining ipilimumab with a vaccine containing transgenes for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and for a triad of costimulatory molecules (PROSTVAC) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thirty patients were treated with escalating ipilimumab and a fixed dose of vaccine. Of 24 chemotherapy-naïve patients, 58 % had a PSA decline. Combination therapy did not exacerbate the immune-related adverse events associated with ipilimumab. Here, we present updated survival data and an evaluation of 36 immune cell subsets pre- and post-therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected before therapy, at 13 days and at 70 days post-initiation of therapy, and phenotyped by flow cytometry for the subsets of T cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Associations between overall survival (OS) and immune cell subsets prior to treatment, and the change in a given immune cell subset 70 days post-initiation of therapy, were evaluated. The median OS was 2.63 years (1.77-3.45). There were trends toward associations for longer OS and certain immune cell subsets before immunotherapy: lower PD-1(+)Tim-3(NEG)CD4EM (P = 0.005, adjusted P = 0.010), higher PD-1(NEG)Tim-3(+)CD8 (P = 0.002, adjusted P = 0.004), and a higher number of CTLA-4(NEG) Tregs (P = 0.005, adjusted P = 0.010). We also found that an increase in Tim-3(+) natural killer cells post- versus pre-vaccination associated with longer OS (P = 0.0074, adjusted P = 0.015). These results should be considered as hypothesis generating and should be further evaluated in larger immunotherapy trials.
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