1
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Hoffmann PR, Hoffmann FW, Premeaux TA, Fujita T, Soprana E, Panigada M, Chew GM, Richard G, Hindocha P, Menor M, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Moise L, Ndhlovu LC, Siccardi A, Weinberg AD, De Groot AS, Bertino P. Multi-antigen Vaccination With Simultaneous Engagement of the OX40 Receptor Delays Malignant Mesothelioma Growth and Increases Survival in Animal Models. Front Oncol 2019; 9:720. [PMID: 31428586 PMCID: PMC6688537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer that develops from mesothelial cells lining the pleura and other internal cavities, and is often associated with asbestos exposure. To date, no effective treatments have been made available for this pathology. Herein, we propose a novel immunotherapeutic approach based on a unique vaccine targeting a series of antigens that we found expressed in different MM tumors, but largely undetectable in normal tissues. This vaccine, that we term p-Tvax, is comprised of a series of immunogenic peptides presented by both MHC-I and -II to generate robust immune responses. The peptides were designed using in silico algorithms that discriminate between highly immunogenic T cell epitopes and other harmful epitopes, such as suppressive regulatory T cell epitopes and autoimmune epitopes. Vaccination of mice with p-Tvax led to antigen-specific immune responses that involved both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, which exhibited cytolytic activity against MM cells in vitro. In mice carrying MM tumors, p-Tvax increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, combining p-Tvax with an OX40 agonist led to decreased tumor growth and increased survival. Mice treated with this combination immunotherapy displayed higher numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and reduced T regulatory cells in tumors. Collectively, these data suggest that the combination of p-Tvax with an OX40 agonist could be an effective strategy for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Fukun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Thomas A Premeaux
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Elisa Soprana
- Department of Molecular Immunology, San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Panigada
- Department of Molecular Immunology, San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Glen M Chew
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | | | - Mark Menor
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lenny Moise
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Antonio Siccardi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew D Weinberg
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anne S De Groot
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, United States
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2
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Bertino P, Premeaux TA, Fujita T, Haun BK, Marciel MP, Hoffmann FW, Garcia A, Yiang H, Pastorino S, Carbone M, Niki T, Berestecky J, Hoffmann PR, Ndhlovu LC. Targeting the C-terminus of galectin-9 induces mesothelioma apoptosis and M2 macrophage depletion. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1601482. [PMID: 31413910 PMCID: PMC6682368 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1601482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 has emerged as a promising biological target for cancer immunotherapy due to its role as a regulator of macrophage and T-cell differentiation. In addition, its expression in tumor cells modulates tumor cell adhesion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural and peritoneal cavities, and in this study, we found that both human MM tissues and mouse MM cells express high levels of galectin-9. Using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) (Clone P4D2) that binds the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-9, we demonstrate unique agonistic properties resulting in MM cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the P4D2 mAb reduced tumor-associated macrophages differentiation toward a protumor phenotype. Importantly, these effects exerted by the P4D2 mAb were observed in both human and mouse in vitro experiments and not observed with another antigalectin-9 specific mAb (clone P1D9) that engages the N-terminus CRD of galectin-9. In syngeneic murine models of MM, P4D2 mAb treatment inhibited tumor growth and improved survival, with tumors from P4D2-treated mice exhibited reduced infiltration of tumor-associated M2 macrophages. This was consistent with an increased production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is a major enzyme-regulating macrophage inflammatory response to cancer. These data suggest that using an antigalectin 9 mAb with agonistic properties similar to those exerted by galectin-9 may provide a novel multitargeted strategy for the treatment of mesothelioma and possibly other galectin-9 expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Thomas A. Premeaux
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brien K. Haun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Alan Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kapi‘olani Community College, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Haining Yiang
- University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- GalPharma, Co., Ltd., Takamatsu, Japan
| | - John Berestecky
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kapi‘olani Community College, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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3
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Cheng C, Wang T, Song Z, Peng L, Gao M, Hermine O, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Mi J, Wang J. Induction of autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by a new antimalarial artemisinin derivative, SM1044. Cancer Med 2018; 7:380-396. [PMID: 29277967 PMCID: PMC5806110 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is currently the standard therapy for DLBCL, but the prognosis of refractory or recurrent patients remains poor. In this study, we synthesized a new water-soluble antimalarial drug artemisinin derivative, SM1044. The treatment of DLBCL cell lines with SM1044 induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis, which is directed by an accelerated degradation of the antiapoptosis protein Survivin, via its acetylation-dependent interaction with the autophagy-related protein LC3-II. Additionally, SM1044 also stimulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide, which in turn activates the CaMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 axis, leading to the initiation of autophagy. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells, but also suggest that SM1044 is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of DLBCL, along with R-CHOP regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiqun Song
- Department of Blood Transfusionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'Hématologie AdultesHôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Jian‐Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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4
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Kushitani K, Amatya VJ, Mawas AS, Suzuki R, Miyata Y, Okada M, Inai K, Kishimoto T, Takeshima Y. Utility of Survivin, BAP1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing epithelioid mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3540-3547. [PMID: 29467873 PMCID: PMC5796295 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological distinction between epithelioid mesothelioma (EM) and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH) can be challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of Survivin, Ki-67, and loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) expressions in distinguishing EM from RMH using immunohistochemistry. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 78 cases of EM and 80 cases of RMH were immunohistochemically examined for Survivin, BAP1, and Ki-67. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to establish the cut-off values for Survivin and Ki-67 labelling indices. Survivin (cut-off value: 5%) had 67.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while Ki-67 (cut-off value: 10%) had 85.1% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity, and BAP1 had 66.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the differentiation of EM from RMH. Among the combinations of two markers, the combination of Survivin and BAP1 (Survivin-positive and/or BAP1-loss finding) had the highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity: 89.8%; specificity: 100%; accuracy: 95.3%). We recommend using the combination of Survivin and BAP1 to distinguish EM from RMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kushitani
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Vishwa Jeet Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Amany Sayed Mawas
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Rui Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Center for Radiation Casualty Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Center for Radiation Casualty Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kouki Inai
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takumi Kishimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama 702-8055, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Barone E, Gemignani F, Landi S. Overexpressed genes in malignant pleural mesothelioma: implications in clinical management. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S369-S382. [PMID: 29507807 PMCID: PMC5830549 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive cancer poorly responsive to current therapies. MPM patients have a very poor prognosis with a median survival of less than one year from the onset of symptoms. The biomarkers proposed so far do not lead to a sufficiently early diagnosis for a radical treatment of the disease. Thus, the finding of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets is needed. Gene overexpression has been frequently associated with a malignant phenotype in several cancer types; therefore the identification of overexpressed genes may lead to the detection of novel prognostic or diagnostic marker and to the development of novel therapeutic approaches, based on their inhibition. In the last years, several overexpressed genes have been identified in MPM through gene expression profiling techniques: among them it has been found a group of 51 genes that resulted overexpressed in more than one independent study, revealing their consistency among studies. This article reviews the clinical implications of confirmed overexpressed genes in MPM described so far in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Barone
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Meißner T, Mark A, Williams C, Berdel WE, Wiebe S, Kerkhoff A, Wardelmann E, Gaiser T, Müller-Tidow C, Rosenstiel P, Arnold N, Leyland-Jones B, Franke A, Stanulla M, Forster M. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patient with TP53 tumor mutation experienced 11 months progression-free survival on bortezomib monotherapy without adverse events after ending standard treatments with grade 3 adverse events. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001677. [PMID: 28679691 PMCID: PMC5495034 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A triple-negative breast cancer patient had no hereditary BRCA1, BRCA2, or TP53 risk variants. After exhaustion of standard treatments, she underwent experimental treatments and whole-exome sequencing of tumor, blood, and a metastasis. Well-tolerated experimental bortezomib monotherapy was administered for a progression-free period of 11 mo. After progression, treatments were changed and the exome data were evaluated, expanded with RNA and exome sequencing of a late-stage metastasis. In the final stage, eribulin alone and in combination with anthracyclines were administered. While suffering from grade 3 adverse events, skin metastases progressed. She lived 51 mo after initial diagnosis.Toxicity from anthracyclines and cisplatin may have been due to associated germline variants CBR3 C4Y and V224M and GSTP1 I105V, respectively. Somatic mutations predicted or reported as pathogenic were detected in 38 genes in tumor tissues. All tumor samples harbored the heterozygous TP53 Y220C variant, known to destabilize p53 and down-regulate p53-mediated apoptosis. The success of bortezomib may be explained by the previously reported up-regulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis, which is p53-independent. Phylogenetic analysis of blood, primary tumor, and two metastases inferred an ancestral tumor cell with 12 expressed tumor mutations from which all three tumors may have evolved.Although our first urgent analysis could only include 40 genes, postmortem analysis uncovered the aggressiveness and suggested experimental therapies including 16 actionable targets, partly validated by immunohistochemistry. Exome and transcriptome analyses yielded comprehensive therapy-relevant information and should be considered for patients at first diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meißner
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Adam Mark
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Casey Williams
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wiebe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine IV, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Brian Leyland-Jones
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Garg H, Suri P, Gupta JC, Talwar GP, Dubey S. Survivin: a unique target for tumor therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:49. [PMID: 27340370 PMCID: PMC4917988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is the smallest member of the Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, involved in inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle. These functional attributes make Survivin a unique protein exhibiting divergent functions i.e. regulating cell proliferation and cell death. Expression pattern of Survivin is also distinctive; it is prominently expressed during embryonal development, absent in most normal, terminally differentiated tissues but upregulated in a variety of human cancers. Expression of Survivin in tumours correlates with not only inhibition of apoptosis and a decreased rate of cell death, but also resistance to chemotherapy and aggressiveness of tumours. Therefore, Survivin is an important target for cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Survivin has also been found to be prominently expressed on both human and embryonic stem cells and many somatic stem cell types indicating its yet unexplored role in stem cell generation and maintenance. Overall, Survivin emerges as a molecule with much wider role in cellular homeostasis. This review will discuss various aspects of Survivin biology and its role in regulation of apoptosis, cell division, chemo-resistance and tumour progression. Various molecular and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting Survivin will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Garg
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
| | - Prerna Suri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Jagdish C Gupta
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - G P Talwar
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
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Hoffmann PR, Panigada M, Soprana E, Terry F, Bandar IS, Napolitano A, Rose AH, Hoffmann FW, Ndhlovu LC, Belcaid M, Moise L, De Groot AS, Carbone M, Gaudino G, Matsui T, Siccardi A, Bertino P. Preclinical development of HIvax: Human survivin highly immunogenic vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1585-95. [PMID: 26042612 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work involved the development of a recombinant fowlpox virus encoding survivin (FP-surv) vaccine that was evaluated for efficacy in mesothelioma mouse models. Results showed that FP-surv vaccination generated significant immune responses, which led to delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. We have extended those previous findings in the current study, which involves the pre-clinical development of an optimized version of FP-surv designed for human immunization (HIvax). Survivin-derived peptides for the most common haplotypes in the human population were identified and their immunogenicity confirmed in co-culture experiments using dendritic cells and T cells isolated from healthy donors. Peptides confirmed to induce CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells activation in humans were then included in 2 transgenes optimized for presentation of processed peptides on MHC-I (HIvax1) and MHC-II (HIvax2). Fowlpox vectors expressing the HIvax transgenes were then generated and their efficacy was evaluated with subsequent co-culture experiments to measure interferon-γ and granzyme B secretion. In these experiments, both antigen specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were activated by HIvax vaccines with resultant cytotoxic activity against survivin-overexpressing mesothelioma cancer cells. These results provide a rationale for clinical testing of HIvax1 and HIvax2 vaccines in patients with survivin-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hoffmann
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology; John A. Burns School of Medicine ; University of Hawai'i ; Honolulu , HI , USA
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9
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Bononi A, Napolitano A, Pass HI, Yang H, Carbone M. Latest developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of mesothelioma and the design of targeted therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:633-54. [PMID: 26308799 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer whose pathogenesis is causally linked to occupational exposure to asbestos. Familial clusters of mesotheliomas have been observed in settings of genetic predisposition. Mesothelioma incidence is anticipated to increase worldwide in the next two decades. Novel treatments are needed, as current treatment modalities may improve the quality of life, but have shown modest effects in improving overall survival. Increasing knowledge on the molecular characteristics of mesothelioma has led to the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies, including: molecular targeted approaches, that is the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor with bevacizumab; immunotherapy with chimeric monoclonal antibody, immunotoxin, antibody drug conjugate, vaccine and viruses; inhibition of asbestos-induced inflammation, that is aspirin inhibition of HMGB1 activity may decrease or delay mesothelioma onset and/or growth. We elaborate on the rationale behind new therapeutic strategies, and summarize available preclinical and clinical results, as well as efforts still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bononi
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.,b 2 Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- c 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- a 1 University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
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10
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Vy-PER: eliminating false positive detection of virus integration events in next generation sequencing data. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11534. [PMID: 26166306 PMCID: PMC4499804 DOI: 10.1038/srep11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathogenic viruses such as hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses may integrate into the host genome. These virus/host integrations are detectable using paired-end next generation sequencing. However, the low number of expected true virus integrations may be difficult to distinguish from the noise of many false positive candidates. Here, we propose a novel filtering approach that increases specificity without compromising sensitivity for virus/host chimera detection. Our detection pipeline termed Vy-PER (Virus integration detection bY Paired End Reads) outperforms existing similar tools in speed and accuracy. We analysed whole genome data from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is characterised by genomic rearrangements and usually associated with radiation exposure. This analysis was motivated by the recently reported virus integrations at genomic rearrangement sites and association with chromosomal instability in liver cancer. However, as expected, our analysis of 20 tumour and matched germline genomes from ALL patients finds no significant evidence for integrations by known viruses. Nevertheless, our method eliminates 12,800 false positives per genome (80× coverage) and only our method detects singleton human-phiX174-chimeras caused by optical errors of the Illumina HiSeq platform. This high accuracy is useful for detecting low virus integration levels as well as non-integrated viruses.
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Rose AH, Hoffmann FW, Hara JH, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Hoffmann PR, Bertino P. Adjuvants may reduce in vivo transfection levels for DNA vaccination in mice leading to reduced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2305-11. [PMID: 26091088 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1047567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants for DNA vaccination are designed to promote transformation of transgenes into target cells and increase inflammation in the site of injection, with resultant immune cell recruitment. Numerous studies indicated cationic liposomes as effective adjuvants for DNA vaccination due to their ability to promote in vivo transfection and innate immune system activation. Commercial reagents as Adjuplex and in vivo-JetPEI are also intended to facilitate DNA vaccination. Here, we evaluate the adjuvant properties of cationic liposomes, Adjuplex and in vivo-JetPEI compared to injection of DNA without adjuvant. In mice vaccinated with piggyBac pDNA vaccines, we assessed in vivo antigen expression, innate immune responses in draining lymph nodes, and antigen-specific T cell responses in spleens and blood. Surprisingly, vaccination with DNA in PBS emerged as the most efficient in promoting in vivo transfection and consequent antigen expression, while the addition of adjuvant reduced the amount of antigen expressed. On the other hand, we discovered higher numbers of innate immune cells and activated dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of mice injected with adjuvants than those vaccinated in PBS. The analysis of eGFP-specific immune responses revealed that all the different immunizations induced functional antigen-specific T cells in spleens, although only T cells generated by non-adjuvant vaccination and Adjuplex were identified in the blood of vaccinated mice. These results provide insight into the effects of these 3 adjuvants and may facilitate appropriate use off adjuvants by researchers using DNA vaccines in laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Rose
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology ; John A. Burns School of Medicine; University of Hawaii ; Honolulu , HI USA
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12
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Acuna SA, Ottolino-Perry K, Çako B, Tang N, Angarita FA, McCart JA. Oncolytic vaccinia virus as an adjuvant treatment to cytoreductive surgery for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:2259-66. [PMID: 24719018 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. Oncolytic viruses are a promising new therapy for cancer because of their ability to kill tumor cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. This experimental study aimed to examine the potential of modified vaccinia virus (VV) to treat MPM when administered alone or as an adjuvant treatment to surgery. METHODS Two aggressive murine mesothelioma cell lines (AC29, AB12), were used. Cell viability and viral cytopathic effects were assessed using MTS and crystal violet assays. Immunocompetent mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPM cells and treated with intraperitoneal VV. Tumor-bearing mice also underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by VV (or control) therapy. RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of VV on MPM cell lines was significantly increased compared with the control non-cancer cell line. In both orthotopic models, VV induced tumor regression, prolonging median and long-term survival. VV treatment after incomplete CRS was not superior to VV alone; however, when mice with microscopic disease were treated with VV, further prolongation of median and long-term survivals was observed. CONCLUSIONS VV selectively kills MPM cells in vitro and leads to improved survival and cures in immunocompetent murine models. Higher efficacy of the virus in the microscopic disease context suggests the use of the virus as an adjuvant treatment to complete surgical resection. These promising results justify further studies of VV in humans as a novel treatment for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Acuna
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Bertino P, Urschitz J, Hoffmann FW, You BR, Rose AH, Park WH, Moisyadi S, Hoffmann PR. Vaccination with a piggyBac plasmid with transgene integration potential leads to sustained antigen expression and CD8(+) T cell responses. Vaccine 2014; 32:1670-7. [PMID: 24513010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination with plasmid has conventionally involved vectors designed for transient expression of antigens in injected tissues. Next generation plasmids are being developed for site-directed integration of transgenes into safe sites in host genomes and may provide an innovative approach for stable and sustained expression of antigens for vaccination. The goal of this study was to evaluate in vivo antigen expression and the generation of cell mediated immunity in mice injected with a non-integrating plasmid compared to a plasmid with integrating potential. Hyperactive piggyBac transposase-based integrating vectors (pmhyGENIE-3) contained a transgene encoding either eGFP (pmhyGENIE-3-eGFP) or luciferase (pmhyGENIE-3-GL3), and were compared to transposase-deficient plasmids with the same transgene and DNA backbone. Both non-integrating and integrating plasmids were equivalent at day 1 for protein expression at the site of injection. While protein expression from the non-integrating plasmid was lost by day 14, the pmhyGENIE-3 was found to exhibit sustained protein expression up to 28 days post-injection. Vaccination with pmhyGENIE-3-eGFP resulted in a robust CD8(+) T cell response that was three-fold higher than that of non-integrating plasmid vaccinations. Additionally we observed in splenocyte restimulation experiments that only the vaccination with pmhyGENIE-3-eGFP was characterized by IFNγ producing CD8(+) T cells. Overall, these findings suggest that plasmids designed to direct integration of transgenes into the host genome are a promising approach for designing DNA vaccines. Robust cell mediated CD8(+) T cell responses generated using integrating plasmids may provide effective, sustained protection against intracellular pathogens or tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Fukun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Aaron H Rose
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Manoa BioSciences, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Rose AH, Bertino P, Hoffmann FW, Gaudino G, Carbone M, Hoffmann PR. Increasing dietary selenium elevates reducing capacity and ERK activation associated with accelerated progression of select mesothelioma tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1041-1049. [PMID: 24492200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of the micronutrient selenium on malignant mesothelioma (MM) progression, we cultured four different MM cell lines in media containing increasing amounts of sodium selenite (30, 50, and 80 nmol/L). Increasing selenium levels increased density-dependent proliferation and mobility for CRH5 and EKKH5 but not AB12 and AK7. Comparing these cell lines revealed that extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was sensitive to a selenium increase in CRH5 and EKKH5 but not AB12 and AK7 cells. Stable expression of a dominant-negative mutant ERK eliminated the effects of increasing selenium. Because ERK is redox sensitive, we compared the MM cell lines in terms of glutathione levels and the capacity to reduce exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Increasing selenium levels led to higher glutathione and reducing capacity in CRH5 and EKKH5 but not AB12 and AK7. The reducing agent N-acetylcysteine eliminated the effects of selenium on ERK activation, proliferation, and mobility. Mice fed diets containing increasing levels of selenium (0.08, 0.25, and 1.0 ppm) showed increased tumor progression for CRH5 but not AB12, MM cells, and in vivo N-acetylcysteine treatment eliminated these effects. These data suggest that the effects of dietary selenium on MM tumor progression depend on the arising cancer cells' redox metabolism, and the tumors able to convert increased selenium into a stronger reducing capacity actually benefit from increased selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Rose
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Pietro Bertino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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