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Pucci P, Lee LC, Han M, Matthews JD, Jahangiri L, Schlederer M, Manners E, Sorby-Adams A, Kaggie J, Trigg RM, Steel C, Hare L, James ER, Prokoph N, Ducray SP, Merkel O, Rifatbegovic F, Luo J, Taschner-Mandl S, Kenner L, Burke GAA, Turner SD. Targeting NRAS via miR-1304-5p or farnesyltransferase inhibition confers sensitivity to ALK inhibitors in ALK-mutant neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3422. [PMID: 38653965 PMCID: PMC11039739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a promising therapeutic strategy for aberrant ALK-expressing malignancies including neuroblastoma, but resistance to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKI) is a distinct possibility necessitating drug combination therapeutic approaches. Using high-throughput, genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens, we identify miR-1304-5p loss as a desensitizer to ALK TKIs in aberrant ALK-expressing neuroblastoma; inhibition of miR-1304-5p decreases, while mimics of this miRNA increase the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to ALK TKIs. We show that miR-1304-5p targets NRAS, decreasing cell viability via induction of apoptosis. It follows that the farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib in addition to ALK TKIs act synergistically in neuroblastoma, inducing apoptosis in vitro. In particular, on combined treatment of neuroblastoma patient derived xenografts with an FTI and an ALK TKI complete regression of tumour growth is observed although tumours rapidly regrow on cessation of therapy. Overall, our data suggests that combined use of ALK TKIs and FTIs, constitutes a therapeutic approach to treat high risk neuroblastoma although prolonged therapy is likely required to prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pucci
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Liam C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Merck & Co, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Miaojun Han
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- OncoSec, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jamie D Matthews
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science & Technology, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleanor Manners
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Annabel Sorby-Adams
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ricky M Trigg
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Christopher Steel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Lucy Hare
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emily R James
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Nina Prokoph
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Stephen P Ducray
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Firkret Rifatbegovic
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sabine Taschner-Mandl
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G A Amos Burke
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (ERIA), Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chen S, Xu D, Huang R, Lin Y, Li L. Correlation of BARD1 gene polymorphisms with risk of neuroblastoma: a meta-analysis. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38619196 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2336215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) gene polymorphisms may be associated with neuroblastoma (NB) susceptibility. However, the results remain controversial. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to March 5, 2023. The strength of the association between BARD1 polymorphisms and susceptibility of NB was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) through the fixed- or random-effects model. Eight articles involving 12 studies were finally included. We found that rs6435862 T > G, rs3768716 A > G, rs17487792 C > T and rs7587476 C > T variant increase the risk of NB in allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous genetic models, while rs7585356 G > A variant appeared protective against NB. When stratified by ethnicity, subgroup analysis indicated that the above association remained significant in Caucasian populations in all genetic models, except for rs7585356G > A polymorphism in Asians. In Asian populations, we found the similar results in the allelic and dominant model of rs6435862 T > G, rs3768716 A > G, rs17487792 C > T and rs7587476 C > T as in Caucasians, while there lacked a significant association in the other three model. In addition, rs7585356 G > A was not associated with an increased risk of NB in the Asian population. After Bonferroni correction, significant associations for rs7585356 G > A disappeared in both Asian and Caucasian populations, with no significant association found for rs7587476 in the allelic and dominant models among Asians. BARD1 polymorphisms might be significantly associated with NB susceptibility. It is crucial that these finding should be further confirmed through extensive and well-planned studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rongdong Huang
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Liu Y, Jiang N, Chen W, Zhang W, Shen X, Jia B, Chen G. TRIM59-mediated ferroptosis enhances neuroblastoma development and chemosensitivity through p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26014. [PMID: 38434050 PMCID: PMC10906161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, predominantly afflicting young individuals, is characterized as an embryonal tumor, with poor prognosis primarily attributed to chemoresistance. This study delved into the impact of tripartite motif (TRIM) 59, an E3 ligase, on neuroblastoma development and chemosensitivity through mediating ferroptosis and the involvement of the tumor suppressor p53. Clinical samples were assessed for TRIM59 and p53 levels to explore their correlation with neuroblastoma differentiation. In neuroblastoma cells, modulation of TRIM59 expression, either through overexpression or knockdown, was coupled with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) therapy. In vivo assessments examined the influence of TRIM59 knockdown on neuroblastoma chemosensitivity to DOX. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays investigated the association between TRIM59 and p53. Proliferation was gauged with Cell Counting Kit-8, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed via flow cytometry, and protein levels were determined by Western blotting. TRIM59 expression was inversely correlated with neuroblastoma differentiation and positively linked to cell proliferation in response to DOX. Moreover, TRIM59 impeded lipid ROS generation and ferroptosis by directly interacting with p53, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation in DOX-exposed neuroblastoma cells. Fer-1 countered the impact of TRIM59 knockdown on neuroblastoma, while TRIM59 knockdown enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in xenograph mice. This study underscores TRIM59 as an oncogene in neuroblastoma, fostering growth and chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis through p53 ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM59 emerges as a potential strategy for neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weicheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University. No.399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
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4
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Jia Y, Yang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Jin Y, Wang C, Gong B, Zhao Q. Identification of NCAPG as an Essential Gene for Neuroblastoma Employing CRISPR-Cas9 Screening Database and Experimental Verification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14946. [PMID: 37834394 PMCID: PMC10573393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Patients with neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis. The development of therapy targets and the ability to predict prognosis will be enhanced through further exploration of the genetically related genes of neuroblastoma. The present investigation utilized CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide screening based on the DepMap database to determine essential genes for neuroblastoma cells' continued survival. WGCNA analysis was used to determine the progression-related genes, and a prognostic signature was constructed. The signature gene, NCAPG, was downregulated in neuroblastoma cells to explore its impact on various cellular processes. This research used DepMap and WGCNA to pinpoint 45 progression-related essential genes for neuroblastoma. A risk signature comprising NCAPG and MAD2L1 was established. The suppression of NCAPG prevented neuroblastoma cells from proliferating, migrating, and invading. The results of flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that NCAPG inhibition caused cell cycle arrest during the G2 and S phases and the activation of apoptosis. Additionally, NCAPG downregulation activated the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway, inducing cell apoptosis. The present work showed that NCAPG knockdown reduced neuroblastoma cell progression and may serve as a basis for further investigation into diagnostic indicators and therapy targets for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; (Y.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.); (C.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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Hsieh CH, Huang CT, Cheng YS, Hsu CH, Hsu WM, Chung YH, Liu YL, Yang TS, Chien CY, Lee YH, Huang HC, Juan HF. Homoharringtonine as a PHGDH inhibitor: Unraveling metabolic dependencies and developing a potent therapeutic strategy for high-risk neuroblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115429. [PMID: 37673018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer affecting the sympathetic nervous system, continues to challenge the development of potent treatments due to the limited availability of druggable targets for this aggressive illness. Recent investigations have uncovered that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), an essential enzyme for de novo serine synthesis, serves as a non-oncogene dependency in high-risk neuroblastoma. In this study, we show that homoharringtonine (HHT) acts as a PHGDH inhibitor, inducing intricate alterations in cellular metabolism, and thus providing an efficient treatment for neuroblastoma. We have experimentally verified the reliance of neuroblastoma on PHGDH and employed molecular docking, thermodynamic evaluations, and X-ray crystallography techniques to determine the bond interactions between HHT and PHGDH. Administering HHT to treat neuroblastoma resulted in effective cell elimination in vitro and tumor reduction in vivo. Metabolite and functional assessments additionally disclosed that HHT treatment suppressed de novo serine synthesis, initiating intricate metabolic reconfiguration and oxidative stress in neuroblastoma. Collectively, these discoveries highlight the potential of targeting PHGDH using HHT as a potent approach for managing high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hui Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Tsung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Hsien Chung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Shan Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Lv L, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Chen Q, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Fu W, Yin X, Chen X. Machine‐learning radiomics to predict bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma using magnetic resonance imaging. CANCER INNOVATION 2023; 2:405-415. [DOI: 10.1002/cai2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is one common pediatric malignancy notorious for high temporal and spatial heterogeneities. More than half of its patients develop distant metastases involving vascularized organs, especially the bone marrow. It is thus necessary to have an economical, noninvasive method without much radiation for follow‐ups. Radiomics has been used in many cancers to assist accurate diagnosis but not yet in bone marrow metastasis in neuroblastoma.MethodsA total of 182 patients with neuroblastoma were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Five‐hundred and seventy‐two radiomics features were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging, among which 41 significant ones were selected via T‐test for model development. We attempted 13 machine‐learning algorithms and eventually chose three best‐performed models. The integrative performance evaluations are based on the area under the curves (AUCs), calibration curves, risk deciles plots, and other indexes.ResultsExtreme gradient boosting, random forest (RF), and adaptive boosting were the top three to predict bone marrow metastases in neuroblastoma while RF was the most accurate one. Its AUC was 0.90 (0.86–0.93), F1 score was 0.82, sensitivity was 0.76, and negative predictive value was 0.79 in the training set. The values were 0.82 (0.71–0.93), 0.80, 0.75, and 0.92 in the validation set, respectively.ConclusionsRadiomics models are likely to contribute more to metastatic diagnoses and the formulation of personalized healthcare strategies in clinics. It has great potential of being a revolutionary method to replace traditional interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Department of Urology Surgery SunYat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Sun Yat‐Sen University of Medical School Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhengtao Zhang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qinchang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Department of Radiology Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Radiology Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wen Fu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xuntao Yin
- Department of Radiology Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery SunYat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Jiang Q, Gao H, Gao G, Li Y, Cheng H, Shi G, Shang A. Neuroblastoma of the lumbosacral canal in an adult: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1195664. [PMID: 37602246 PMCID: PMC10435846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1195664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a leading cause of death in children. It usually occurs in the adrenal gland and rarely in the spinal canal. Here, we report the case of a 48-year-old male patient with abnormal thickening of the cauda equina nerve as revealed by lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging. The patient's main clinical manifestations were numbness and pain in both lower limbs. The patient underwent surgical treatment; however, intraoperatively, an unclear border was observed between the cauda equina nerve and the tumor; therefore, the tumor was not forcibly excised. The postoperative pathological results were reported as NB. The disease known as NB, which is extremely rare. We believe that a pathological biopsy is extremely vital for diagnosing NB, and aggressive post-operative radio-chemotherapy could potentially prolong the patient's survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haihao Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Krawczyk E, Kitlińska J. Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma-Current Status and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3314. [PMID: 37444423 PMCID: PMC10340830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models remain indispensable tools in cancer research. These classic models, including two- and three-dimensional cell culture techniques and animal models, are crucial for basic and translational studies. However, each model has its own limitations and typically does not fully recapitulate the course of the human disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel, advanced systems that can allow for efficient evaluation of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression, more accurately reflect the disease pathophysiology and complexity, and effectively inform therapeutic decisions for patients. Preclinical models are especially important for rare cancers, such as neuroblastoma, where the availability of patient-derived specimens that could be used for potential therapy evaluation and screening is limited. Neuroblastoma modeling is further complicated by the disease heterogeneity. In this review, we present the current status of preclinical models for neuroblastoma research, discuss their development and characteristics emphasizing strengths and limitations, and describe the necessity of the development of novel, more advanced and clinically relevant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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9
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Chai W, Wang X, Lu Z, Zhang S, Wang W, Wang H, Chen C, Yang W, Cheng H, Wang H, Feng J, Yang S, Li Q, Song W, Jin F, Zhang H, Su Y, Gui J. Elevated exosome-transferrable lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 in CD56 bright NK cells is responsible for the impaired NK function in neuroblastoma patients by suppressing cell glycolysis. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109322. [PMID: 37024023 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are one of key immune components in neuroblastoma (NB) surveillance and eradication. Glucose metabolism as a major source of fuel for NK activation is exquisitely regulated. Our data revealed a diminished NK activation and a disproportionally augmented CD56bright subset in NB. Further study showed that NK cells in NB presented with an arrested glycolysis accompanied by an elevated expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) EPB41L4A-AS1, a known crucial participant in glycolysis regulation, in the CD56bright NK subset. The inhibitory function of lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 was recapitulated. Interestingly, our study demonstrated that exosomal lncRNA EPB41L4A-AS1 was transferrable from CD56bright NK to CD56dim NK and was able to quench the glycolysis of target NK. Our data demonstrated that an arrested glycolysis in patient NK cells was associated with an elevated lncRNA in CD56bright NK subset and a cross-talk between heterogeneous NK subsets was achieved by transferring metabolic inhibitory lncRNA through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Chai
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Zhengjing Lu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Chenghao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Qiliang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Wenqi Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
| | - Yan Su
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China.
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10
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Huang D, Gu H, Yi Y, Meng X. Correlation between ARID1B gene mutation (p.A460, p.V215G) and prognosis of high-risk refractory neuroblastoma. Cell Biol Int 2023. [PMID: 36883912 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In a few reports, ARID1B/A mutation was found in neuroblastoma. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, clinical efficacy, and prognosis of three children with high-risk refractory neuroblastoma (NB) with somatic ARID1B gene mutation. The whole exon sequencing results showed that there were involved in transcription, DNA synthesis, and repair of ARID1B gene mutations. All mutation sites were located in the promoter region of the exon: ARID1B (p.A460) mutation was found in cases 1 and 2, and ARID1B (p.V215G) mutation was found in cases 1 and 3. The nucleic acid site of ARID1B (p.A460) mutation was c.1379 (exon1) C > G, and the nucleic acid site of ARID1B (p.V215G) mutation was c.644 (exon1) T > G. The meningeal metastasis in case 1 turned negative after 4 cycles of intrathecal injection combined with chemotherapy. However, the child died of agranulocytosis combined with sepsis during the 5th cycle of chemotherapy. Case 2 achieved complete remission (CR). Case 3 achieved CR after chemotherapy, surgery, metaiodobenzylguanidine, and 3F-8 (Naxitamab) immunotherapy after the initial diagnosis. The mediastinum and lymph node metastasis occurred during the 6-month observation period after stopping treatment. He achieved very good partial remission after individualized chemotherapy and surgical treatment. ARID1B is a component protein of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex that participates in the occurrence of a variety of tumors by regulating DNA repair and synthesis. ARID1B nucleic acid mutation (p.A460, p.V215G) in the promoter region of three children may contribute to the poor prognosis of NB children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - You Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Bagci O, Tumer S, Altungoz O. Chromosome 1p status in neuroblastoma correlates with higher expression levels of miRNAs targeting neuronal differentiation pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:100-108. [PMID: 36800078 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is characterized by acquired segmental and numerical chromosome aberrations. Although deletions of distal 1p and 11q are frequent alterations, no candidate tumor suppressor gene residing in these chromosomal sites could be identified so far. In the present study, we detected the genomic imbalances of six neuroblastoma cell lines using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique and the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of the cell lines by a microarray study. According to MLPA results, we aimed to assess the miRNA expression profiles of the cell lines harboring 11q and 1p deletions. The cell lines with 1p deletions revealed statistically significant higher levels of expression for 29 miRNAs in contrast to the cell lines without 1p deletion in microarray study. We also performed GO enrichment analysis for predicted targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs. According to GO enrichment analysis, miRNAs that showed the high change in expression was associated with neuronal differentiation. We showed that hsa-miR-494, hsa-miR-495, and hsa-miR-543 target most of mRNAs in neuronal differentiation pathway. Although limited to the cell lines, our results highly suggest that NBs with different segmental chromosome abnormalities may have different dysregulated miRNA expression signatures that target the genes involved in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Bagci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sait Tumer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Acibadem Genetic Diagnosis Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Altungoz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.
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12
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Ahmad MH, Ghosh B, Rizvi MA, Ali M, Kaur L, Mondal AC. Neural crest cells development and neuroblastoma progression: Role of Wnt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:306-328. [PMID: 36502519 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common heterogeneous extracranial cancers in infancy that arises from neural crest (NC) cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The Wnt signaling pathway, both canonical and noncanonical pathway, is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of the NC cells during embryogenesis. Reports suggest that aberrant activation of Wnt ligands/receptors in Wnt signaling pathways promote progression and relapse of NB. Wnt signaling pathways regulate NC induction and migration in a similar manner; it regulates proliferation and metastasis of NB. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway or its ligands/receptors induces apoptosis and abrogates proliferation and tumorigenicity in all major types of NB cells. Here, we comprehensively discuss the Wnt signaling pathway and its mechanisms in regulating the development of NC and NB pathogenesis. This review highlights the implications of aberrant Wnt signaling in the context of etiology, progression, and relapse of NB. We have also described emerging strategies for Wnt-based therapies against the progression of NB that will provide new insights into the development of Wnt-based therapeutic strategies for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Midnapore Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, Medinipur, India
| | - Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Loveleena Kaur
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Srinagar, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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13
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The BET Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Decreases Hypoxia and Improves the Therapeutic Benefit of Anti-PD-1 in a High-Risk Neuroblastoma Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182783. [PMID: 36139358 PMCID: PMC9497090 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a revolutionary treatment for many cancers. The response to anti-PD-1 relies on several properties of tumor and immune cells, including the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1. Despite the impressive clinical benefit achieved with anti-PD-1 in several cancers in adults, the use of this therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma remains modest. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1 in combination with JQ1 in a highly relevant TH-MYCN neuroblastoma transgenic mouse model. JQ1 is a small molecule inhibitor of the extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomain proteins, competitively binding to bromodomains. Using several neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro, we showed that JQ1 inhibited hypoxia-dependent induction of HIF-1α and decreased the expression of the well-known HIF-1α downstream target gene CA9. Using MRI relaxometry performed on TH-MYCN tumor-bearing mice, we showed that JQ1 decreases R2* in tumors, a parameter associated with intra-tumor hypoxia in pre-clinical settings. Decreasing hypoxia by JQ1 was associated with improved blood vessel quality and integrity, as revealed by CD31 and αSMA staining on tumor sections. By analyzing the immune landscape of TH-MYCN tumors in mice, we found that JQ1 had no major impact on infiltrating immune cells into the tumor microenvironment but significantly increased the percentage of CD8+ PD-1+, conventional CD4+ PD-1+, and Treg PD-1+ cells. While anti-PD-1 monotherapy did not affect TH-MYCN tumor growth, we showed that combinatorial therapy associating JQ1 significantly decreased the tumor volume and improved the therapeutic benefit of anti-PD-1. This study provided the pre-clinical proof of concept needed to establish a new combination immunotherapy approach that may create tremendous enthusiasm for treating high-risk childhood neuroblastoma.
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14
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Sen A, Huo Y, Elster J, Zage PE, McVicker G. Allele-specific expression reveals genes with recurrent cis-regulatory alterations in high-risk neuroblastoma. Genome Biol 2022; 23:71. [PMID: 35246212 PMCID: PMC8896304 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy with a high frequency of metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Neuroblastoma tumors have few recurrent protein-coding mutations but contain extensive somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) suggesting that mutations that alter gene dosage are important drivers of tumorigenesis. Here, we analyze allele-specific expression in 96 high-risk neuroblastoma tumors to discover genes impacted by cis-acting mutations that alter dosage. RESULTS We identify 1043 genes with recurrent, neuroblastoma-specific allele-specific expression. While most of these genes lie within common SCNA regions, many of them exhibit allele-specific expression in copy neutral samples and these samples are enriched for mutations that are predicted to cause nonsense-mediated decay. Thus, both SCNA and non-SCNA mutations frequently alter gene expression in neuroblastoma. We focus on genes with neuroblastoma-specific allele-specific expression in the absence of SCNAs and find 26 such genes that have reduced expression in stage 4 disease. At least two of these genes have evidence for tumor suppressor activity including the transcription factor TFAP2B and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRH. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our allele-specific expression analysis discovers genes that are recurrently dysregulated by both large SCNAs and other cis-acting mutations in high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuchen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Elster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Graham McVicker
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA.
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15
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Schriegel F, Taschner-Mandl S, Bernkopf M, Grunwald U, Siebert N, Ambros PF, Ambros I, Lode HN, Henze G, Ehlert K. Comparison of three different methods to detect bone marrow involvement in patients with neuroblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:2581-2588. [PMID: 34623519 PMCID: PMC9470647 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extracranial tumor in children. The detection of bone marrow (BM) involvement is crucial for correct staging and risk-adapted treatment. We compared three methods regarding the detection of NB involvement in BM. Methods Eighty-one patients with NB were included in this retrospective study. BM samples were obtained at designated time points at study entry and during treatment or follow-up. The diagnostic tools for BM analysis included cytomorphology (CM), flow cytometry (FCM) and automatic immunofluorescence plus fluorescence in situ hybridization (AIPF). Results We analyzed 369 aspirates in 81 patients in whom AIPF, CM, and FCM were simultaneously available. During the observation period, NB cells were detected in 86/369 (23.3%) cases, by CM in 32/369 (8.7%), by FCM in 52 (14.1%), and by AIPF in 72 (19.5%) samples. AIPF and/or FCM confirmed all positive results obtained in CM and detected 11 additional positive BM aspirates in 294 CM negative samples (p < 0,001). Survival of patients with BM involvement at study entry identified solely by FCM/AIPF was 17.4% versus 0% for patients in whom BM involvement was already identified by CM. Conclusion The combination of AIPF/FCM yielded the highest detection rate of NB cells in BM. AIPF was the single, most sensitive method in detecting these cells. Although CM did not provide any additional positive results, it is still a useful, readily available and cost-effective tool. The prognostic significance of FCM and AIPF should be confirmed in a prospective study with a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schriegel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Marie Bernkopf
- CCRI, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Grunwald
- Department of Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter F Ambros
- CCRI, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inge Ambros
- CCRI, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Guenter Henze
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline Ehlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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16
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Lazic D, Kromp F, Rifatbegovic F, Repiscak P, Kirr M, Mivalt F, Halbritter F, Bernkopf M, Bileck A, Ussowicz M, Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Gerner C, Ladenstein R, Ostalecki C, Taschner-Mandl S. Landscape of Bone Marrow Metastasis in Human Neuroblastoma Unraveled by Transcriptomics and Deep Multiplex Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174311. [PMID: 34503120 PMCID: PMC8431445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the bone marrow attracts tumor cells in many solid cancers leading to poor outcome in affected patients, comprehensive analyses of bone marrow metastases have not been performed on a single-cell level. We here set out to capture tumor heterogeneity and unravel microenvironmental changes in neuroblastoma, a solid cancer with bone marrow involvement. To this end, we employed a multi-omics data mining approach to define a multiplex imaging panel and developed DeepFLEX, a pipeline for subsequent multiplex image analysis, whereby we constructed a single-cell atlas of over 35,000 disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and cells of their microenvironment in the metastatic bone marrow niche. Further, we independently profiled the transcriptome of a cohort of 38 patients with and without bone marrow metastasis. Our results revealed vast diversity among DTCs and suggest that FAIM2 can act as a complementary marker to capture DTC heterogeneity. Importantly, we demonstrate that malignant bone marrow infiltration is associated with an inflammatory response and at the same time the presence of immuno-suppressive cell types, most prominently an immature neutrophil/granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor-like cell type. The presented findings indicate that metastatic tumor cells shape the bone marrow microenvironment, warranting deeper investigations of spatio-temporal dynamics at the single-cell level and their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lazic
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Florian Kromp
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
- Software Competence Center Hagenberg (SCCH), 4232 Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Fikret Rifatbegovic
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Peter Repiscak
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Michael Kirr
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.O.)
| | - Filip Mivalt
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Florian Halbritter
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Marie Bernkopf
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow, Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Inge M. Ambros
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Peter F. Ambros
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.O.)
| | - Sabine Taschner-Mandl
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.L.); (F.K.); (F.R.); (P.R.); (F.M.); (F.H.); (M.B.); (I.M.A.); (P.F.A.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40470-4050
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17
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Jin M, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Qin H, Su Y, Zhi T, Xie Y, Gao YX, Zhang X, Li L, Liu R, Zhao W, Wang H, Huang D, Ma X. Biological features and clinical outcome in infant neuroblastoma: a multicenter experience in Beijing. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2055-2063. [PMID: 33580827 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-03989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, with 37% of patients diagnosed during infancy. This study is aimed at evaluating the survival outcome in infants diagnosed with neuroblastoma. This was a retrospective cohort study including patients under the age of 12 months with neuroblastoma from four tertiary referral centers in Beijing, China (Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Peking University First Hospital, and Capital Institute of Pediatrics). Two hundred and forty-seven infants with neuroblastoma were included (male = 132 and female = 115). 91.1% (n = 225) patients were classified as having low-risk or intermediate-risk disease and 8.9% (n = 22) as having high-risk disease. The most common metastatic site is distant lymph node (n=89, 36.0%), followed by liver (n=57, 23.1%), bone (n=42, 17.0%), bone marrow (n=37, 15.0%), soft tissue (n=25, 10%), and central nervous system (n=4, 1.6%). MYCN amplification was present in 9.9% of tumor samples, chromosome 1p or 11q aberration in 14%. Treatment involved surgery alone in 9.7% of patients (n=24, all with low-risk disease), surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in 50.2% (n=124), neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in 40.1% (n=97), and chemotherapy alone in 0.8% (n=2). 4.9% (n=12) patients died, and the major cause of death is disease progression. Three-year event-free and overall survival were 91.6%±2.1% and 97.4%±1.1%, respectively, in patients with low- or intermediate-risk disease, and 58.7%±11.5% and 63.6%±11.2%, respectively, in those with high-risk disease.Conclusions: Infants with neuroblastoma achieve a reasonable clinical outcome when treated with surgery with or without chemotherapy using a risk-stratified approach in China. Such information will facilitate counseling, therapeutic decision-making, and development of adapted standard-of-care guidelines for future patients in the country. What is Known: • NB is a disease of infancy; 37% of patients are diagnosed as infants. • Most children younger than 12 months of age have a good prognosis even in the presence of metastatic disease. What is New: • Infants with neuroblastoma achieve reasonable clinical outcome when treated with surgery with or without chemotherapy using a risk-stratified approach in China. • CNS metastasis in infants with neuroblastoma is very rare at diagnosis and had a worse prognosis than those without metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Weiling Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yan Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Tian Zhi
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yang Xu Gao
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaolun Zhang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Long Li
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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18
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Caforio M, Sorino C, Caruana I, Weber G, Camera A, Cifaldi L, De Angelis B, Del Bufalo F, Vitale A, Goffredo BM, De Vito R, Fruci D, Quintarelli C, Fanciulli M, Locatelli F, Folgiero V. GD2 redirected CAR T and activated NK-cell-mediated secretion of IFNγ overcomes MYCN-dependent IDO1 inhibition, contributing to neuroblastoma cell immune escape. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001502. [PMID: 33737337 PMCID: PMC7978286 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune escape mechanisms employed by neuroblastoma (NB) cells include secretion of immunosuppressive factors disrupting effective antitumor immunity. The use of cellular therapy to treat solid tumors needs to be implemented. Killing activity of anti-GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T or natural killer (NK) cells against target NB cells was assessed through coculture experiments and quantified by FACS analysis. ELISA assay was used to quantify interferon-γ (IFNγ) secreted by NK and CAR T cells. Real Time PCR and Western Blot were performed to analyze gene and protein levels modifications. Transcriptional study was performed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays on experiments of mutagenesis on the promoter sequence. NB tissue sample were analyzed by IHC and Real Time PCR to perform correlation study. We demonstrate that Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1), due to its ability to convert tryptophan into kynurenines, is involved in NB resistance to activity of immune cells. In NB, IDO1 is able to inhibit the anti-tumor effect displayed by of both anti-GD2 CAR (GD2.CAR) T-cell and NK cells, mainly by impairing their IFNγ production. Furthermore, inhibition of MYCN expression in NB results into accumulation of IDO1 and consequently of kynurenines, which negatively affect the immune surveillance. Inverse correlation between IDO1 and MYCN expression has been observed in a wide cohort of NB samples. This finding was supported by the identification of a transcriptional repressive role of MYCN on IDO1 promoter. The evidence of IDO1 involvement in NB immune escape and its ability to impair NK and GD2.CAR T-cell activity contribute to clarify one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the limited efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches. A combined therapy of NK or GD2.CAR T-cells with IDO1 inhibitors, a class of compounds already in phase I/II clinical studies, could represent a new and still unexplored strategy capable to improve long-term efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Caforio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Departement of Biochemical Sciences "A Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Sorino
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Istituto Regina Elena Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerrit Weber
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Camera
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospistal, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vitale
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of Metabolic Biochemistry, IRCCS Bambino gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of Metabolic Biochemistry, IRCCS Bambino gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Departyment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Istituto Regina Elena Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Gene and Cell Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Single-Cell Gene Network Analysis and Transcriptional Landscape of MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020177. [PMID: 33525507 PMCID: PMC7912277 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a pediatric cancer responsible for more than 15% of cancer deaths in children, with 800 new cases each year in the United States alone. Genomic amplification of the MYC oncogene family member MYCN characterizes a subset of high-risk pediatric neuroblastomas. Several cellular models have been implemented to study this disease over the years. Two of these, SK-N-BE-2-C (BE2C) and Kelly, are amongst the most used worldwide as models of MYCN-Amplified human NBL. Here, we provide a transcriptome-wide quantitative measurement of gene expression and transcriptional network activity in BE2C and Kelly cell lines at an unprecedented single-cell resolution. We obtained 1105 Kelly and 962 BE2C unsynchronized cells, with an average number of mapped reads/cell of roughly 38,000. The single-cell data recapitulate gene expression signatures previously generated from bulk RNA-Seq. We highlight low variance for commonly used housekeeping genes between different cells (ACTB, B2M and GAPDH), while showing higher than expected variance for metallothionein transcripts in Kelly cells. The high number of samples, despite the relatively low read coverage of single cells, allowed for robust pathway enrichment analysis and master regulator analysis (MRA), both of which highlight the more mesenchymal nature of BE2C cells as compared to Kelly cells, and the upregulation of TWIST1 and DNAJC1 transcriptional networks. We further defined master regulators at the single cell level and showed that MYCN is not constantly active or expressed within Kelly and BE2C cells, independently of cell cycle phase. The dataset, alongside a detailed and commented programming protocol to analyze it, is fully shared and reusable.
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20
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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21
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Campos Cogo S, Gradowski Farias da Costa do Nascimento T, de Almeida Brehm Pinhatti F, de França Junior N, Santos Rodrigues B, Regina Cavalli L, Elifio-Esposito S. An overview of neuroblastoma cell lineage phenotypes and in vitro models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1637-1647. [PMID: 32787463 PMCID: PMC7802384 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220949237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review was conducted to present the main neuroblastoma (NB) clinical characteristics and the most common genetic alterations present in these pediatric tumors, highlighting their impact in tumor cell aggressiveness behavior, including metastatic development and treatment resistance, and patients' prognosis. The distinct three NB cell lineage phenotypes, S-type, N-type, and I-type, which are characterized by unique cell surface markers and gene expression patterns, are also reviewed. Finally, an overview of the most used NB cell lines currently available for in vitro studies and their unique cellular and molecular characteristics, which should be taken into account for the selection of the most appropriate model for NB pre-clinical studies, is presented. These valuable models can be complemented by the generation of NB reprogrammed tumor cells or organoids, derived directly from patients' tumor specimens, in the direction toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheron Campos Cogo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilton de França Junior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
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22
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Diakatou V, Vassilakou T. Nutritional Status of Pediatric Cancer Patients at Diagnosis and Correlations with Treatment, Clinical Outcome and the Long-Term Growth and Health of Survivors. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110218. [PMID: 33171756 PMCID: PMC7694979 DOI: 10.3390/children7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is caused either by cancer itself or by its treatment, and affects the clinical outcome, the quality of life (QOL), and the overall survival (OS) of the patient. However, malnutrition in children with cancer should not be accepted or tolerated as an inevitable procedure at any stage of the disease. A review of the international literature from 2014 to 2019 was performed. Despite the difficulty of accurately assessing the prevalence of malnutrition, poor nutritional status has adverse effects from diagnosis to subsequent survival. Nutritional status (NS) at diagnosis relates to undernutrition, while correlations with clinical outcome are still unclear. Malnutrition adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with cancer and collective evidence constantly shows poor nutritional quality in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). Nutritional assessment and early intervention in pediatric cancer patients could minimize the side effects of treatment, improve their survival, and reduce the risk of nutritional morbidity with a positive impact on QOL, in view of the potentially manageable nature of this risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Diakatou
- Children’s & Adolescents’ Oncology Radiotherapy Department, Athens General Children’s Hospital “Pan. & Aglaia Kyriakou”, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-2010-283
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23
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Shi H, Tao T, Abraham BJ, Durbin AD, Zimmerman MW, Kadoch C, Look AT. ARID1A loss in neuroblastoma promotes the adrenergic-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating enhancer-mediated gene expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3440. [PMID: 32832616 PMCID: PMC7439613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are found in approximately 20% of all human cancers, with ARID1A being the most frequently mutated subunit. Here, we show that disruption of ARID1A homologs in a zebrafish model accelerates the onset and increases the penetrance of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma by increasing cell proliferation in the sympathoadrenal lineage. Depletion of ARID1A in human NGP neuroblastoma cells promoted the adrenergic-to-mesenchymal transition with changes in enhancer-mediated gene expression due to alterations in the genomic occupancies of distinct SWI/SNF assemblies, BAF and PBAF. Our findings indicate that ARID1A is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma, whose depletion enhances tumor development and promotes the emergence of the more drug-resistant mesenchymal cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.T.L.); (T.T.)
| | - Brian J. Abraham
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Adam D. Durbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mark W. Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.T.L.); (T.T.)
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24
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Wen Y, Gong X, Dong Y, Tang C. Long Non Coding RNA SNHG16 Facilitates Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Autophagy of Neuroblastoma Cells via Sponging miR-542-3p and Upregulating ATG5 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:263-275. [PMID: 32021273 PMCID: PMC6959506 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous pediatric malignant tumor with many biological and clinical characteristics. Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) plays vital role in the development of NB. However, the potential mechanism of SNHG16 in the progression of NB is rarely reported. Methods The expression levels of SNHG16, miR-542-3p and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) were measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation, migration and invasion of NB cells were determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-YI)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) or transwell assay. Protein levels of ATG5, microtubule-associated protein A1/1B-light chain3 (LC3-I/II) and p62 were detected by Western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-542-3p and SNHG16 or ATG5 was predicted by starBase and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft mice models were constructed to confirm the role of SNHG16 in vivo. Results SNHG16 was upregulated in NB tissues and cells and associated with clinical stage and poor prognosis of NB. Knockdown of SNHG16 impeded proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of NB cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, SNHG16 mediated ATG5 expression through sponging miR-542-3p in NB cells. Moreover, miR-542-3p downregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of SNHG16 silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of NB cells. Besides, ATG5 overturned the regulatory effects on proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of NB cells induced by SNHG16 or miR-542-3p knockdown. Conclusion SNHG16 facilitated proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of NB cells via sponging miR-542-3p and upregulating ATG5 expression in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Neonatal Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Zhoukou City, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Neonatal Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Dong
- Neonatal Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Zhoukou City, Zhoukou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghe Tang
- Neonatal Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Aravindan N, Subramanian K, Somasundaram DB, Herman TS, Aravindan S. MicroRNAs in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, therapy resistance, and disease evolution. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:1086-1105. [PMID: 31867575 PMCID: PMC6924638 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) deriving from neural crest cells is the most common extra-cranial solid cancer at infancy. NB originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia in adrenal medulla and along the midline of the body. Clinically, NB exhibits significant heterogeneity stretching from spontaneous regression to rapid progression to therapy resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small (19-22 nt in length) non-coding RNAs that regulate human gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to regulate cellular signaling, growth, differentiation, death, stemness, and maintenance. Consequently, the function of miRs in tumorigenesis, progression and resistance is of utmost importance for the understanding of dysfunctional cellular pathways that lead to disease evolution, therapy resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. Over the last two decades, much attention has been devoted to understanding the functional roles of miRs in NB biology. This review focuses on highlighting the important implications of miRs within the context of NB disease progression, particularly miRs’ influences on NB disease evolution and therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the functions of both the “oncomiRs” and “tumor suppressor miRs” in NB progression/therapy resistance. These are the critical components to be considered during the development of novel miR-based therapeutic strategies to counter therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Subramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Terence S Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Yoshida S, Duong C, Oestergaard M, Fazio M, Chen C, Peralta R, Guo S, Seth PP, Li Y, Beckett L, Nitin N, Satake N. MXD3 antisense oligonucleotide with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: A new targeted approach for neuroblastoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102127. [PMID: 31783139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The outcomes for aggressive forms of NB remain poor. The aim of this study was to develop a new molecular-targeted therapy for NB using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs), as a delivery vehicle, targeting the transcription regulator MAX dimerization protein 3 (MXD3). We previously discovered that MXD3 was highly expressed in high-risk NB, acting as an anti-apoptotic factor; therefore, it can be a good therapeutic target. In this study, we developed two ASO-NP complexes using electrostatic conjugation to polyethylenimine-coated SPIO NPs and chemical conjugation to amphiphilic polymers on amine-functionalized SPIO NPs. Both ASO-NP complexes demonstrated MXD3 knockdown, which resulted in apoptosis in NB cells. ASO chemically-conjugated NP complexes have the potential to be used in the clinic as they showed great efficacy with minimum NP-associated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Connie Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Cathy Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yueju Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Departments of Food Science & Technology and Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Satake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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27
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Aravindan N, Jain D, Somasundaram DB, Herman TS, Aravindan S. Cancer stem cells in neuroblastoma therapy resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:948-967. [PMID: 31867574 PMCID: PMC6924637 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common cancer of infancy and accounts for nearly one tenth of pediatric cancer deaths. This mortality rate has been attributed to the > 50% frequency of relapse despite intensive, multimodal clinical therapy in patients with progressive NB. Given the disease’s heterogeneity and developed resistance, attaining a cure after relapse of progressive NB is highly challenging. A rapid decrease in the timeline between successive recurrences is likely due to the ongoing acquisition of genetic rearrangements in undifferentiated NB-cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this review, we present the current understanding of NB-CSCs, their intrinsic role in tumorigenesis, their function in disease progression, and their influence on acquired therapy resistance and tumor evolution. In particular, this review focus on the intrinsic involvement of stem cells and signaling in the genesis of NB, the function of pre-existing CSCs in NB progression and therapy response, the formation and influence of induced CSCs (iCSCs) in drug resistance and tumor evolution, and the development of a CSC-targeted therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Drishti Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Terence S Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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28
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Yue ZX, Xing TY, Gao C, Liu SG, Zhao W, Zhao Q, Wang XS, Jin M, Ma XL. Chromosome band 11q23 deletion predicts poor prognosis in bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma patients without MYCN amplification. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:68. [PMID: 31685009 PMCID: PMC6829843 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bone marrow cells has been confirmed to be a direct and valid method to assess the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) amplification in patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma. MYCN amplification alone, however, is insufficient for pretreatment risk stratification. Chromosome band 11q23 deletion has recently been included in the risk stratification of neuroblastoma. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics and prognostic impact of 11q23 deletion and MYCN amplification in patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma. Methods We analyzed the MYCN and 11q23 statuses of 101 patients with bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma using interphase FISH of bone marrow cells. We specifically compared the biological characteristics and prognostic impact of both aberrations. Results MYCN amplification and 11q23 deletion were seen in 12 (11.9%) and 40 (39.6%) patients. The two markers were mutually exclusive. MYCN amplification occurred mainly in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels (both P < 0.001), and MYCN-amplified patients had more events (tumor relapse, progression, or death) than MYCN-normal patients (P = 0.004). 11q23 deletion was associated only with age (P = 0.001). Patients with MYCN amplification had poorer outcomes than those with normal MYCN (3-year event-free survival [EFS] rate: 8.3 ± 8.0% vs. 43.8 ± 8.5%, P < 0.001; 3-year overall survival [OS] rate: 10.4 ± 9.7% vs. 63.5% ± 5.7%, P < 0.001). 11q23 deletion reflected a poor prognosis only for patients with normal MYCN (3-year EFS rate: 34.3 ± 9.5% vs. 53.4 ± 10.3%, P = 0.037; 3-year OS rate: 42.9 ± 10.4% vs. 75.9 ± 6.1%, P = 0.048). Those with both MYCN amplification and 11q23 deletion had the worst outcome (P < 0.001). Conclusions Chromosome band 11q23 deletion predicts poor prognosis only in bone marrow metastatic neuroblastoma patients without MYCN amplification. Combined assessment of the two markers was much superior to single-marker assessment in recognizing the patients at a high risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xia Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Guang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Si Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China.
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Mühling J, Eberherr C, Müller Höcker J, Grote V, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R, Fröba-Pohl A. Vessel adherent growth represents a major challenge in the surgical resection of neuroblastoma and Is associated with adverse outcome. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2336-2342. [PMID: 31402147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial, solid tumor in childhood, with a peak incidence in children under 6 years of age. Due to its variable course of disease, which ranges from spontaneous regression to metastatic spread, NB still represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Strikingly, a certain number of NBs intraoperatively show vessel adhesion and/or infiltrative growth, which is often not visible in pre-operative imaging. We proposed the term unexpected vessel infiltration of NB (UVIN) to denote this phenomenon. UVIN represents a major surgical challenge. METHODS In this study, we determined frequency and clinical relevance of UVIN in a cohort of 100 NB-patients with subsequent correlation to several unfavorable characteristics of disease. RNA expression levels of MYCN and its co-regulated antisense transcript MYCNOS to identify markers was measured by PCR. RESULTS We found UVIN to be present in 34% of cases and significantly correlated with incomplete resection, MYCN amplification, complications, neoadjuvant therapy, tumor grade and MYCNOS expression levels. MYCN expression levels showed no significant results with UVIN. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data show that UVIN represents a frequent surgical problem associated with a poor outcome in NB patients. MYCN and MYCNOS seem to be no appropriate markers for UVIN. TYPE OF STUDY Prognosis study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Mühling
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Corinna Eberherr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Veit Grote
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fröba-Pohl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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30
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Hsieh CH, Cheung CHY, Liu YL, Hou CL, Hsu CL, Huang CT, Yang TS, Chen SF, Chen CN, Hsu WM, Huang HC, Juan HF. Quantitative Proteomics of Th-MYCN Transgenic Mice Reveals Aurora Kinase Inhibitor Altered Metabolic Pathways and Enhanced ACADM To Suppress Neuroblastoma Progression. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3850-3866. [PMID: 31560547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a neural crest-derived embryonal tumor and accounts for about 15% of all cancer deaths in children. MYCN amplification is associated with aggressive and advanced stage of high-risk neuroblastoma, which remains difficult to treat and exhibits poor survival under current multimodality treatment. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of neuroblastoma patients and showed that aurora kinases lead to poor survival and had positive correlation with MYCN amplification and high-risk disease. Further, pan-aurora kinase inhibitor (tozasertib) treatment not only induces cell-cycle arrest and suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in MYCN-amplified (MNA) neuroblastoma cell lines, but also inhibits tumor growth and prolongs animal survival in Th-MYCN transgenic mice. Moreover, we performed quantitative proteomics and identified 150 differentially expressed proteins after tozasertib treatment in the Th-MYCN mouse model. The functional and network-based enrichment revealed that tozasertib alters metabolic processes and identified a mitochondrial flavoenzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, ACADM, which is correlated with aurora kinases and neuroblastoma patient survival. Our findings indicate that the aurora kinase inhibitor could cause metabolic imbalance, possibly by disturbing carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolic pathways, and ACADM may be a potential target in MNA neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yen-Lin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | | | - Tsai-Shan Yang
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 116 , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Nien Chen
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
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31
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Somasundaram DB, Subramanian K, Aravindan S, Yu Z, Natarajan M, Herman T, Aravindan N. De novo regulation of RD3 synthesis in residual neuroblastoma cells after intensive multi-modal clinical therapy harmonizes disease evolution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11766. [PMID: 31409909 PMCID: PMC6692366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most high-risk neuroblastomas that initially respond to therapy will ultimately relapse. Currently, no curative treatment is available. Acquired genetic/molecular rearrangement in therapy-resistant cells contributes to tumor relapse. Recently, we identified significant RD3 loss in progressive disease (PD) and defined its association with advanced disease-stage and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated whether RD3 loss is an acquired process in cells that survive intensive multi-modal clinical therapy (IMCT) and its significance in disease evolution. RD3 status (mRNA, protein) during diagnosis (Dx) and PD after IMCT was investigated in NB patient cohort (n = 106), stage-4 NB cell lines (n = 15) with known treatment status and validated with independent data from another set of 15 cell-lines. Loss of RD3 in metastatic disease was examined using a mouse model of PD and metastatic-site-derived aggressive cells (MSDACs) ex vivo. RD3 silencing/expression assessed changes in metastatic state. Influence of RD3 loss in therapy resistance was examined through independent in vitro and in vivo studies. A significant loss of RD3 mRNA and protein was observed in resistant cells derived from patients with PD after IMCT. This is true to the effect within and between patients. Results from the mouse model identified significant transcriptional/translational loss of RD3 in metastatic tumors and MSDACs. RD3 re-expression in MSDACs and silencing RD3 in parental cells defined the functional relevance of RD3-loss in PD pathogenesis. Analysis of independent studies with salvage therapeutic agents affirmed RD3 loss in surviving resistant cells and residual tumors. The profound reductions in RD3 transcription indicate the de novo regulation of RD3 synthesis in resistant cells after IMCT. Defining RD3 loss in PD and the benefit of targeted reinforcement could improve salvage therapy for progressive neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Subramanian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terence Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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32
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Zhao J, Zhu Y, Xie X, Yao Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Huang L, Cheng J, Xia H, He J, Zhang Y. Pleiotropic effect of common PHOX2B variants in Hirschsprung disease and neuroblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1252-1261. [PMID: 30799307 PMCID: PMC6402522 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a heterogeneous congenital disorder that affects the enteric nervous system, while neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Familial cases of both HSCR and neuroblastoma appear to be functionally linked to PHOX2B, which plays a key role in the development of neural crest derivatives. However, the association between common PHOX2B variants and disease risk is contested. Additionally, large-scale examination for pleiotropy or shared genetic susceptibility in sporadic HSCR and neuroblastoma cases lacks theoretical support. Here, we report the first examination of PHOX2B in 1470 HSCR and 469 neuroblastoma patients with matched healthy controls. The PHOX2B rs28647582 polymorphism was found to be associated with HSCR (P = 2.21E-03, OR = 1.26), and each subtype of the ailment (3.22E-03 ≤ P ≤ 0.43, 1.11 ≤ OR ≤ 2.32). The association between rs28647582 and NB risk was consistent with HSCR in a recessive model, though the P value was marginal (P = 0.06). These new genetic findings indicate the potential pleiotropic effects of PHOX2B in both HSCR and neuroblastoma, which could guide the development of therapeutic targets for the treatment of related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Yuxiao Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Jiang X, Ye Y, Liao H, Zhu F, Yan J, Luo L, Tian L, Jiang C, Chen Y, Liang X, Sun Y. Collaborative ISL1/GATA3 interaction in controlling neuroblastoma oncogenic pathways overlapping with but distinct from MYCN. Theranostics 2019; 9:986-1000. [PMID: 30867811 PMCID: PMC6401405 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcription factor ISL1 plays a critical role in sympathetic neurogenesis. Expression of ISL1 has been associated with neuroblastoma, a pediatric tumor derived from sympatho-adrenal progenitors, however the role of ISL1 in neuroblastoma remains unexplored. Method: Here, we knocked down ISL1 (KD) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and performed RNA-seq and ISL1 ChIP-seq analyses. Results: Analyses of these data revealed that ISL1 acts upstream of multiple oncogenic genes and pathways essential for neuroblastoma proliferation and differentiation, including LMO1 and LIN28B. ISL1 promotes expression of a number of cell cycle associated genes, but represses differentiation associated genes including RA receptors and the downstream target genes EPAS1 and CDKN1A. Consequently, Knockdown of ISL1 inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and migration in vitro and impedes tumor growth in vivo, and enhances neuronal differentiation by RA treatment. Furthermore, genome-wide mapping revealed a substantial co-occupancy of binding regions by ISL1 and GATA3, and ISL1 physically interacts with GATA3, and together they synergistically regulate the aforementioned oncogenic pathways. In addition, analyses of the roles of ISL1 and MYCN in MYCN-amplified and MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cells revealed an epistatic relationship between ISL1 and MYCN. ISL1 and MYCN function in parallel to regulate common yet distinct oncogenic pathways in neuroblastoma. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated that ISL1 plays an essential role in neuroblastoma regulatory networks and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.
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TRIM59 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation by down-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in neuroblastoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181277. [PMID: 30389710 PMCID: PMC6340953 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor in children, with a very poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify novel biomarkers to treat neuroblastoma, together with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Human tripartite motif 59 (TRIM59), a member of the TRIM family, has been reported to participate in several human tumors. However, the exact role of TRIM59 in neuroblastoma is unknown. In the present study, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure mRNA and protein levels of TRIM59 in four neuroblastoma cell lines and in neuroblastoma tissues. Lentiviruses targeting TRIM59 were used to up/down-regulate TRIM59 expression levels. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Annexin-V/PI were used to analyze cell proliferation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines. Our data showed that TRIM59 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines. TRIM59 knockdown up-regulated expression of Bax and Bim and down-regulated levels of Survivin, β-catenin, and c-myc. Interestingly, the inhibition of cell proliferation caused by TRIM59 knockdown could be blocked by LiCl, which is an agonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In contrast, TRIM59 overexpression could increase cell proliferation, up-regulate Survivin, β-catenin and c-myc, down-regulate Bax and Bim, and these effects could be blocked by XAV939, which is an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, TRIM59 was up-regulated and positively related with β-catenin in neuroblastoma tissues. In conclusion, TRIM59 was up-regulated in neuroblastoma, and TRIM59 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation by down-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in neuroblastoma.
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35
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Fusco P, Esposito MR, Tonini GP. Chromosome instability in neuroblastoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6887-6894. [PMID: 30546420 PMCID: PMC6256707 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a neural crest-derived tumor that accounts for 7-10% of all malignancies in children and ~15% of all childhood cancer-associated mortalities. Approximately 50% of patients are characterized as high-risk (HR) and have an overall survival of <40% at 5 years from diagnosis. HR patients with unfavorable prognosis exhibit several structural copy number variations (CNVs), whereas localized tumors belonging to patients in the low- and intermediate-risk classes, have favorable outcomes and display several numerical CNVs. Taken together these results are indicative of chromosome instability (CIN) in neuroblastoma tumor cells. The present review discusses multiple aspects of CIN including methods of measuring CIN, CIN targeting as a therapeutic strategy in cancer and the effects of CIN in neuroblastoma development and aggressiveness with particular emphasis on the CIN gene signature associated with HR neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Fusco
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Esposito
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
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Gu Y, Lv F, Xue M, Chen K, Cheng C, Ding X, Jin M, Xu G, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Zheng L, Wu Y. The deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL1 is a favorable prognostic marker in neuroblastoma as it promotes neuronal differentiation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:258. [PMID: 30359286 PMCID: PMC6203192 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric solid tumor that originates from neural crest-derived sympathoadrenal precursor cells that are committed to development of sympathetic nervous system. The well differentiated histological phenotype of NB tumor cells has been reportedly associated with favorable patient outcome. Retinoic acid (RA) can effectively induce NB cell differentiation, thereby being used in the clinic as a treatment agent for inducing the differentiation of high-risk NB. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of regulating differentiation remain elusive. Methods The correlation between clinical characteristics, survival and the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) expression were assessed using a neuroblastic tumor tissue microarray, and then validated in three independent patient datasets. The different expression of UCHL1 in ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma and NB was detected by immunohistochemistry, mass spectra and immunoblotting analysis, and the correlation between UCHL1 expression and the differentiated histology was analyzed, which was also validated in three independent patient datasets. Furthermore, the roles of UCHL1 in NB cell differentiation and proliferation and the underlying mechanisms were studied by using short hairpin RNA and its inhibitor LDN57444 in vitro. Results Based on our neuroblastic tumor tissue microarrays and three independent validation datasets (Oberthuer, Versteeg and Seeger), we identified that UCHL1 served as a prognostic marker for better clinical outcome in NB. We further demonstrated that high UCHL1 expression was associated with NB differentiation, indicated by higher UCHL1 expression in ganglioneuroblastomas/ganglioneuromas and well-differentiated NB than poorly differentiated NB, and the positive correlation between UCHL1 and differentiation markers. As expected, inhibiting UCHL1 by knockdown or LDN57444 could significantly inhibit RA-induced neural differentiation of NB tumor cells, characterized by decreased neurite outgrowth and neural differentiation markers. This effect of UCHL1 was associated with positively regulating RA-induced AKT and ERK1/2 signaling activation. What’s more, knockdown of UCHL1 conferred resistance to RA-induced growth arrest. Conclusion Our findings identify a pivotal role of UCHL1 in NB cell differentiation and as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with NB, potentially providing a novel therapeutic target for NB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0931-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingxing Xue
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Leizhen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Coghlan M, Richards E, Shaik S, Rossi P, Vanama RB, Ahmadi S, Petroz C, Crawford M, Maynes JT. Inhalational Anesthetics Induce Neuronal Protein Aggregation and Affect ER Trafficking. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5275. [PMID: 29588456 PMCID: PMC5869676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetic agents have been implicated in the causation of neurological and cognitive deficits after surgery, the exacerbation of chronic neurodegenerative disease, and were recently reported to promote the onset of the neurologic respiratory disease Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), related to misfolding of the transcription factor Phox2B. To study how anesthetic agents could affect neuronal function through alterations to protein folding, we created neuronal cell models emulating the graded disease severity of CCHS. We found that the gas anesthetic isoflurane and the opiate morphine potentiated aggregation and mislocalization of Phox2B variants, similar to that seen in CCHS, and observed transcript and protein level changes consistent with activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response. Attenuation of ER stress pathways did not result in a correction of Phox2B misfolding, indicating a primary effect of isoflurane on protein structure. We also observed that isoflurane hindered the folding and activity of proteins that rely heavily on ER function, like the CFTR channel. Our results show how anesthetic drugs can alter protein folding and induce ER stress, indicating a mechanism by which these agents may affect neuronal function after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Coghlan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sadiq Shaik
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pablo Rossi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ramesh Babu Vanama
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saumel Ahmadi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christelle Petroz
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Crawford
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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38
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Roy J, Mallick B. Investigating piwi-interacting RNA regulome in human neuroblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29516567 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable attempts have been exercised in recent years using high-throughput technologies to identify and decipher the functions of piRNAs in various abnormalities like cancer. However, piRNAs in the oncogenesis of neuroblastoma (NB) has not been reported yet even after their illustrated roles in neurological processes. Therefore, we investigated the piRNA transcriptome in IMR-32 and SH-SY-5Y NB cell lines by employing high-throughput next-generation sequencing after confirming the expression of three associated PIWILs both at mRNAs and protein level by qRT-PCR and immunofluroscence, respectively. We identified a common pool of 525 piRNAs of 26-32 nts long expressed in both the cell lines. The possible functions of these piRNAs were charted by predicting their targeting on retrotransposon-containing 1769 mRNAs differentially expressed in 39 NB cell lines followed by network and pathway analysis. The analysis revealed that majority of the target binding sites in NB fall within retrotransposons residing within the 3'UTR of target mRNA transcripts like miRNA-targets. Further, we validated the expression of key piRNAs and their target genes enriched in cancer-related networks, pathways and biological processes which are hypothesized to play crucial roles in neoplastic events of NB. We believe that the evidence of piRNAs in human NB and their possible contribution to its pathogenesis reported in this work will open up new exciting possibilities for piRNA-mediated therapeutics for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Roy
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.,Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-Zentrum Für Molekulare Biologie Der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
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39
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Gruszka R, Zakrzewska M. The Oncogenic Relevance of miR-17-92 Cluster and Its Paralogous miR-106b-25 and miR-106a-363 Clusters in Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030879. [PMID: 29547527 PMCID: PMC5877740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental function of ribonucleic acids is to transfer genetic information from DNA to protein during translation process, however, this is not the only way connecting active RNA sequences with essential biological processes. Up until now, many RNA subclasses of different size, structure, and biological function were identified. Among them, there are non-coding single-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs). This subclass comprises RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length that modulate the activity of well-defined coding RNAs and play a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. miRNA genes are located both in exons, introns, and also within non-translated regions. Several miRNAs that are transcribed from the adjacent miRNA genes are called cluster. One of the largest ones is miR-17-92 cluster known as OncomiR-1 due to its strong link to oncogenesis. Six miRNAs from the OncomiR-1 have been shown to play important roles in various physiological cellular processes but also through inhibition of cell death in many cancer-relevant processes. Due to the origin and similarity of the sequence, miR-17-92 cluster and paralogs, miR-106b-25 and miR-106a-363 clusters were defined. Here we discuss the oncogenic function of those miRNA subgroups found in many types of cancers, including brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gruszka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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40
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Orbach D, Mosseri V, Pissaloux D, Pierron G, Brennan B, Ferrari A, Chibon F, Bisogno G, De Salvo GL, Chakiba C, Corradini N, Minard-Colin V, Kelsey A, Ranchère-Vince D. Genomic complexity in pediatric synovial sarcomas (Synobio study): the European pediatric soft tissue sarcoma group (EpSSG) experience. Cancer Med 2018. [PMID: 29533008 PMCID: PMC5911585 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A genomic index (GI) tool using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on tumor cells has emerged as independent prognostic factor associated with the risk of metastatic relapse in synovial sarcoma (SS). The aim was to assess GI in pediatric patients with SS, to determine its value as a prognostic factor. All pediatric/adolescent/young adults' (<25 years) with localized SS prospectively included in the European EpSSG-NRSTS05 protocol with a contributive aCGH were selected. Definition of GI was A2 /C, where A is the total number of alterations (segmental gains and losses) and C is the number of involved chromosomes on aCGH results. GI1 group corresponds to cases with no copy number alterations (flat profile, GI = 0) and GI2 group cases with at least one or more copy number alterations (rearranged profile; GI ≥ 1). Samples were available from 61 patients. The median age of the cohort was 13 years (range: 4-24). Overall, 55.7% were GI1 group, and 44.3% GI2 . After a median follow-up of 62 months (range: 0.1-112), 10 tumor events occurred and five patients died. Respectively, for GI1 versus GI2 groups, five-year event-free survival (EFS) was 93.8 ± 4.2% versus 64.9 ± 10.1% (P < 0.006) and five-year Metastatic-Free Survival (MFS) 93.8 ± 4.2% versus 72.9 ± 9.5% (P < 0.04). In multivariate analysis, GI status as adjusted for IRS group, patient age, site, and tumor size remain independent prognostic for EFS with a relative risk (RR) of 6.4 [1.3-31.9] (P < 0.01) and RR for MFS is 4.8 [0.9-25.7] (P < 0.05). Genomic complexity evaluated through GI may explain the metastatic behavior of pediatric SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO oncology center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with cancer), Institut Curie, PSL university, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Biopathology Department, Institut d'Hematologie et d'Oncologie Pediatrique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bernadette Brennan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Frederic Chibon
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Luca De Salvo
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS IstitutoOncologico Veneto, Padova, Italy
| | - Camille Chakiba
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Nadège Corradini
- Institut d'hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anna Kelsey
- Department of Diagnostic Paediatric Histopathology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Dominique Ranchère-Vince
- Biopathology Department, Institut d'Hematologie et d'Oncologie Pediatrique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Swift CC, Eklund MJ, Kraveka JM, Alazraki AL. Updates in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Radiographics 2018. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Swift
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.C.S., M.J.E.) and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.K.), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC 323, Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.L.A.)
| | - Meryle J. Eklund
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.C.S., M.J.E.) and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.K.), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC 323, Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.L.A.)
| | - Jacqueline M. Kraveka
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.C.S., M.J.E.) and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.K.), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC 323, Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.L.A.)
| | - Adina L. Alazraki
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (C.C.S., M.J.E.) and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.K.), Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC 323, Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425; and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (A.L.A.)
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Becker J, Wilting J. WNT signaling, the development of the sympathoadrenal-paraganglionic system and neuroblastoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1057-1070. [PMID: 29058015 PMCID: PMC5814469 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the sympathoadrenal system arising in children under 15 years of age. In Germany, NB accounts for 7% of childhood cancer cases, but 11% of cancer deaths. It originates from highly migratory progenitor cells that leave the dorsal neural tube and contribute neurons and glial cells to sympathetic ganglia, and chromaffin and supportive cells to the adrenal medulla and paraganglia. Clinically, histologically and molecularly, NBs present as extremely heterogeneous, ranging from very good to very poor prognosis. The etiology of NB still remains unclear and needs to be elucidated, however, aberrant auto- and paracrine embryonic cell communications seem to be likely candidates to initiate or facilitate the emergence, progression and regression of NB. The wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT) family of proteins represents an evolutionary highly conserved signaling system that orchestrates embryogenesis. At least 19 ligands in the human, numerous receptors and co-receptors are known, which control not only proliferation, but also cell polarity, migration and differentiation. Here we seek to interconnect aspects of WNT signaling with sympathoadrenal and paraganglionic development to define new WNT signaling cues in the etiology and progression of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Becker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Costa RA, Seuánez HN. Investigation of major genetic alterations in neuroblastoma. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:287-295. [PMID: 29455316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. This malignancy shows a wide spectrum of clinical outcome and its prognosis is conditioned by manifold biological and genetic factors. We investigated the tumor genetic profile and clinical data of 29 patients with NB by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to assess therapeutic risk. In 18 of these tumors, MYCN status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy number variation was also determined for confirming MLPA findings in two 6p loci. We found 2p, 7q and 17q gains, and 1p and 11q losses as the most frequent chromosome alterations in this cohort. FISH confirmed all cases of MYCN amplification detected by MLPA. In view of unexpected 6p imbalance, copy number variation of two 6p loci was assessed for validating MLPA findings. Based on clinical data and genetic profiles, patients were stratified in pretreatment risk groups according to international consensus. MLPA proved to be effective for detecting multiple genetic alterations in all chromosome regions as requested by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) for therapeutic stratification. Moreover, this technique proved to be cost effective, reliable, only requiring standard PCR equipment, and attractive for routine analysis. However, the observed 6p imbalances made PKHD1 and DCDC2 inadequate for control loci. This must be considered when designing commercial MLPA kits for NB. Finally, four patients showed a normal MLPA profile, suggesting that NB might have a more complex genetic pattern than the one assessed by presently available MLPA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Afonso Costa
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héctor N Seuánez
- Genetics Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-050, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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44
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Schwarzl T, Halasz M, Iljin K, Fey D, Haley B, Whilde J, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Wnt signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60310-60331. [PMID: 27531891 PMCID: PMC5312386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is involved in the formation, metastasis and relapse of a wide array of cancers. However, there is ongoing debate as to whether activation or inhibition of the pathway holds the most promise as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, with conflicting evidence from a variety of tumour types. We show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer, with hyper-activation or repression of the pathway both representing a promising therapeutic strategy, even within the same cancer type. Hyper-activation directs cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, even in cells oncogenically driven by β-catenin. Wnt inhibition blocks proliferation of cancer cells and promotes neuroblastoma differentiation. Wnt and retinoic acid co-treatments synergise, representing a promising combination treatment for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Additionally, we report novel cross-talks between MYCN and β-catenin signalling, which repress normal β-catenin mediated transcriptional regulation. A β-catenin target gene signature could predict patient outcome, as could the expression level of its DNA binding partners, the TCF/LEFs. This β-catenin signature provides a tool to identify neuroblastoma patients likely to benefit from Wnt-directed therapy. Taken together, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of a number of cancer entities, and potentially a more broadly conserved feature of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Haley
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Chen Z, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Pang JC, Woodfield SE, Tao L, Guan S, Zhang H, Bieerkehazhi S, Shi Y, Patel R, Vasudevan SA, Yi JS, Muscal JA, Xu GT, Yang J. Small molecule inhibitor regorafenib inhibits RET signaling in neuroblastoma cells and effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104090-104103. [PMID: 29262623 PMCID: PMC5732789 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor, continues to cause significant cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. Dysregulation of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis in various human cancers and targeting these RTKs has had therapeutic benefit. RET is an RTK which is commonly expressed in NB, and high expression of RET correlates with poor outcomes in patients with NB. Herein we report that RET is required for NB cell proliferation and that the small molecule inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) blocks glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-induced RET signaling in NB cells and inhibits NB growth both in vitro and in vivo. We found that regorafenib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability of NB cells. Moreover, regorafenib suppressed tumor growth in both an orthotopic xenograft NB mouse model and a TH-MYCN transgenic NB mouse model. Finally, regorafenib markedly improved the overall survival of TH-MYCN transgenic tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our study suggests that RET is a potential therapeutic target in NB, and that using a novel RET inhibitor, like regorafenib, should be investigated as a therapeutic treatment option for children with NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Pang
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Weiss School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Sarah E. Woodfield
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ling Tao
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shan Guan
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shayahati Bieerkehazhi
- Department of Labour Hygiene and Sanitary Science, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Roma Patel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sanjeev A. Vasudevan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joanna S. Yi
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jodi A. Muscal
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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46
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Sun W, Rojas Y, Wang H, Yu Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Rajapakshe K, Xu X, Huang W, Agarwal S, Patel RH, Woodfield S, Zhao Y, Jin J, Zhang H, Major A, Hicks MJ, Shohet JM, Vasudevan SA, Coarfa C, Yang J, Nuchtern JG. EWS-FLI1 and RNA helicase A interaction inhibitor YK-4-279 inhibits growth of neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94780-94792. [PMID: 29212266 PMCID: PMC5706912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment failure in high risk neuroblastoma (NB) is largely due to the development of chemotherapy resistance. We analyzed the gene expression changes associated with exposure to chemotherapy in six high risk NB tumors with the aid of the Connectivity Map bioinformatics platform. Ten therapeutic agents were predicted to have a high probability of reversing the transcriptome changes associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Among these agents, initial screening showed the EWS-FLI1 and RNA helicase A interaction inhibitor YK-4-279, had obvious cytotoxic effects on NB cell lines. Using a panel of NB cell lines, including MYCN nonamplified (SK-N-AS, SH-SY5Y, and CHLA-255), and MYCN amplified (NB-19, NGP, and IMR-32) cell lines, we found that YK-4-279 had cytotoxic effects on all lines tested. In addition, YK-4-279 also inhibited cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and induced cell apoptosis of these cells. YK-4-279 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin (Dox). Moreover, YK-4-279 was able to overcome the established chemoresistance of LA-N-6 NB cells. In an orthotopic xenograft NB mouse model, YK-4-279 inhibited NB tumor growth and induced apoptosis in tumor cells through PARP and Caspase 3 cleavage in vivo. While EWS-FLI1 fusion protein is not frequently found in NB, using the R2 public database of neuroblastoma outcome and gene expression, we found that high expression of EWSR1 was associated with poor patient outcome. Knockdown of EWSR1 inhibited the oncogenic potential of neuroblastoma cell lines. Taken together, our results indicate that YK-4-279 might be a promising agent for treatment of NB that merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yesenia Rojas
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhenghu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roma H Patel
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Woodfield
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingling Jin
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jed G Nuchtern
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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Rifatbegovic F, Frech C, Abbasi MR, Taschner-Mandl S, Weiss T, Schmidt WM, Schmidt I, Ladenstein R, Ambros IM, Ambros PF. Neuroblastoma cells undergo transcriptomic alterations upon dissemination into the bone marrow and subsequent tumor progression. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:297-307. [PMID: 28921546 PMCID: PMC5725737 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The vast majority of metastatic (M) stage patients present with disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis and relapse. Although these cells represent a major obstacle in the treatment of neuroblastoma patients, insights into their expression profile remained elusive. The present RNA‐Seq study of stage 4/M primary tumors, enriched BM‐derived diagnostic and relapse DTCs, as well as the corresponding BM‐derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 53 patients revealed 322 differentially expressed genes in DTCs as compared to the tumors (q < 0.001, |log2FC|>2). Particularly, the levels of transcripts encoded by mitochondrial DNA were elevated in DTCs, whereas, for example, genes involved in angiogenesis were downregulated. Furthermore, 224 genes were highly expressed in DTCs and only slightly, if at all, in MNCs (q < 8 × 10−75 log2FC > 6). Interestingly, we found the transcriptome of relapse DTCs largely resembling those of diagnostic DTCs with only 113 differentially expressed genes under relaxed cut‐offs (q < 0.01, |log2FC|>0.5). Notably, relapse DTCs showed a positional enrichment of 31 downregulated genes on chromosome 19, including five tumor suppressor genes: SIRT6, BBC3/PUMA, STK11, CADM4 and GLTSCR2. This first RNA‐Seq analysis of neuroblastoma DTCs revealed their unique expression profile in comparison to the tumors and MNCs, and less pronounced differences between diagnostic and relapse DTCs. The latter preferentially affected downregulation of genes encoded by chromosome 19. As these alterations might be associated with treatment failure and disease relapse, further functional studies on DTCs should be considered. What's new? More than 90% of patients diagnosed with stage 4 metastatic (4/M) neuroblastoma present with disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Despite treatment, a substantial fraction of these patients experience disease relapse. Here, sequencing analysis of tumor tissue, BM‐derived mononuclear cells (MNCs), and DTCs from stage 4/M neuroblastoma patients indicates that numerous genes are differentially expressed in DTCs but are not or are only slightly altered in tumors and MNCs. Moreover, DTCs exhibited significant downregulation of tumor suppressor genes specifically on chromosome 19. Further studies are needed to determine whether DTC transcriptomic alterations are associated with neuroblastoma relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Rifatbegovic
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Frech
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - M Reza Abbasi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Taschner-Mandl
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inge M Ambros
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter F Ambros
- Department of Tumor Biology, Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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48
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Cao Y, Jin Y, Yu J, Wang J, Yan J, Zhao Q. Research progress of neuroblastoma related gene variations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18444-18455. [PMID: 28055978 PMCID: PMC5392342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor among children, is an embryonal tumor originating from undifferentiated neural crest cell. Neuroblastomas are highly heterogeneous, represented by the wide range of clinical presentations and likelihood of cure, ranging from spontaneous regression to relentless progression despite rigorous multimodal treatments. Approximately, 50% of cases are high-risk with overall survival rates less than 40%. With the efforts to collect large numbers of clinically annotated specimens and the advancements in technologies, researchers have revealed numerous genetic alterations that may drive tumor growth. However, the most lack mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated, which inspires researchers to identify disrupted pathways instead of single mutated genes to unearth biological systems perturbed in neuroblastoma. Stratification of patients and target therapy based on their molecular signatures have been the center of focus. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in identification of candidate genes variations, targeted approaches to high-risk neuroblastoma and evaluates the methods utilized for detection, which will provide new avenues to develop therapies and further genetic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Cao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Chaudhari N, Talwar P, Lefebvre D'hellencourt C, Ravanan P. CDDO and ATRA Instigate Differentiation of IMR32 Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:310. [PMID: 29018329 PMCID: PMC5623017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extra cranial tumor in infants. Improving the clinical outcome of children with aggressive tumors undergoing one of the multiple treatment options has been a major concern. Differentiating neuroblastoma cells holds promise in inducing tumor growth arrest and treating minimal residual disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of partial PPARγ agonist 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) on human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment with low concentration of CDDO and particularly in combination with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induced neurite outgrowth, increased the percentage of more than two neurites bearing cells, and decreased viability in IMR32 cells. These morphological changes were associated with an increase in expression of bonafide differentiation markers like β3-tubulin and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE). The differentiation was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of MYCN whose amplification is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. MYCN is known to negatively regulate NMYC downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in neuroblastomas. MYCN down-regulation induced by CDDO correlated with increased expression of NDRG1. CDDO decreased Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) mRNA expression without affecting its protein level, while ATRA significantly down-regulated ALK. Antagonism of PPARγ receptor by T0070907 meddled with differentiation inducing effects of CDDO as observed by stunted neurite growth, increased viability and decreased expression of differentiation markers. Our findings indicate that IMR32 differentiation induced by CDDO in combination with ATRA enhances, differentiation followed by cell death via cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB) independent and PPARγ dependent signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Chaudhari
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Priti Talwar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Christian Lefebvre D'hellencourt
- Université de La Réunion, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR Diabète Athérothombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Duong C, Yoshida S, Chen C, Barisone G, Diaz E, Li Y, Beckett L, Chung J, Antony R, Nolta J, Nitin N, Satake N. Novel targeted therapy for neuroblastoma: silencing the MXD3 gene using siRNA. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:527-535. [PMID: 28419087 PMCID: PMC5766270 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroblastoma is the second most common extracranial cancer in children. Current therapies for neuroblastoma, which use a combination of chemotherapy drugs, have limitations for high-risk subtypes and can cause significant long-term adverse effects in young patients. Therefore, a new therapy is needed. In this study, we investigated the transcription factor MXD3 as a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.MethodsMXD3 expression was analyzed in five neuroblastoma cell lines by immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and in 18 primary patient tumor samples by immunohistochemistry. We developed nanocomplexes using siRNA and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to target MXD3 in neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro as a single-agent therapeutic and in combination with doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, or maphosphamide-common drugs used in current neuroblastoma treatment.ResultsMXD3 was highly expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and in patient tumors that had high-risk features. Neuroblastoma cells treated in vitro with the MXD3 siRNA nanocomplexes showed MXD3 protein knockdown and resulted in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, on combining MXD3 siRNA nanocomplexes with each of the four drugs, all showed additive efficacy.ConclusionThese results indicate that MXD3 is a potential new target and that the use of MXD3 siRNA nanocomplexes is a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California,Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sakiko Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California,Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, California,Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Cathy Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California,Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gustavo Barisone
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Elva Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yueju Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Laurel Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Reuben Antony
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Noriko Satake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California,Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, California,Corresponding author: Noriko Satake, Department of Pediatrics, 2516 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, Phone: 916-734-2781, FAX: 916-451-3014,
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