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Loeffler DA. Enhancing of cerebral Abeta clearance by modulation of ABC transporter expression: a review of experimental approaches. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1368200. [PMID: 38872626 PMCID: PMC11170721 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) from the brain is impaired in both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mechanisms for clearing cerebral Aβ include proteolytic degradation, antibody-mediated clearance, blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier efflux, glymphatic drainage, and perivascular drainage. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane efflux pumps driven by ATP hydrolysis. Their functions include maintenance of brain homeostasis by removing toxic peptides and compounds, and transport of bioactive molecules including cholesterol. Some ABC transporters contribute to lowering of cerebral Aβ. Mechanisms suggested for ABC transporter-mediated lowering of brain Aβ, in addition to exporting of Aβ across the blood brain and blood cerebrospinal fluid barriers, include apolipoprotein E lipidation, microglial activation, decreased amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein, and restricting the entrance of Aβ into the brain. The ABC transporter superfamily in humans includes 49 proteins, eight of which have been suggested to reduce cerebral Aβ levels. This review discusses experimental approaches for increasing the expression of these ABC transporters, clinical applications of these approaches, changes in the expression and/or activity of these transporters in AD and transgenic mouse models of AD, and findings in the few clinical trials which have examined the effects of these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. The possibility that therapeutic upregulation of ABC transporters which promote clearance of cerebral Aβ may slow the clinical progression of AD merits further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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2
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Makowska A, Weiskirchen R. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines: Reliable Alternatives to Primary Nasopharyngeal Cells? Cells 2024; 13:559. [PMID: 38606998 PMCID: PMC11011377 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of cancer that originates from the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx and can invade and spread. Although contemporary chemoradiotherapy effectively manages the disease locally, there are still challenges with locoregional recurrence and distant failure. Therefore, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of NPC cell movement in order to develop a more effective treatment and to improve patient survival rates. Cancer cell line models are invaluable in studying health and disease and it is not surprising that they play a critical role in NPC research. Consequently, scientists have established around 80 immortalized human NPC lines that are commonly used as in vitro models. However, over the years, it has been observed that many cell lines are misidentified or contaminated by other cells. This cross-contamination leads to the creation of false cell lines that no longer match the original donor. In this commentary, we discuss the impact of misidentified NPC cell lines on the scientific literature. We found 1159 articles from 2000 to 2023 that used NPC cell lines contaminated with HeLa cells. Alarmingly, the number of publications and citations using these contaminated cell lines continued to increase, even after information about the contamination was officially published. These articles were most commonly published in the fields of oncology, pharmacology, and experimental medicine research. These findings highlight the importance of science policy and support the need for journals to require authentication testing before publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Makowska A, Meier S, Shen L, Busson P, Baloche V, Kontny U. Anti-PD-1 antibody increases NK cell cytotoxicity towards nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in the context of chemotherapy-induced upregulation of PD-1 and PD-L1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:323-336. [PMID: 32737537 PMCID: PMC7889576 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant epithelial cancer linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Tumors are characterized by a lymphomononuclear infiltrate and the number of natural killer (NK) cells in tumors appears to be of prognostic significance. Standard treatment for NPC in adolescents and young adults consists of induction chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy. Though survival rates are above 80%, the majority of patients suffer from long-term side-effects, mainly related to radiotherapy. The addition of immunotherapy to induction chemotherapy could improve tumor response. METHODS We have investigated the killing of NPC cells by NK cells in the context of chemotherapy, using a panel of three nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft. Cytotoxicity was measured using the calcein-release assay, while the contribution of different checkpoints and signaling pathways to killing was studied by siRNA-mediated gene silencing and chemical inhibitors. RESULTS Chemotherapeutics cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine sensitized NPC cells to killing by NK cells. Chemotherapeutics led to upregulation of PD-1 in NK cells and PD-L1 in NPC cells via NF-κB. Inhibition of the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint by an anti-PD-1 antibody or siRNA increased NK-cell cytotoxicity towards NPC cells. CONCLUSION The addition of an anti-PD-1 antibody to chemotherapy in patients with NPC could increase the efficacy of induction chemotherapy. If confirmed in a clinical trial, more efficient induction therapy could allow the dose of radiotherapy to be reduced and thereby diminish severe late effects of such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Selina Meier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lian Shen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Valentin Baloche
- CNRS UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Wang C, Li Z, Pan Z, Su Z, Tian W, Lan F, Liang D, Li J, Li D, Hou H. Rac1: A potential radiosensitization target of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105378. [PMID: 32454130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has a high cure rate for early nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). However, the radiation resistance of poorly differentiated NPC cells impacts the effectiveness of treatment of early-stage NPC patients. Here, we explored the relationship between Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) expression and NPC radiosensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that upregulation of Rac1, when combined with X-ray treatment, increased growth inhibition and induced remarkable morphological changes and apoptosis in CNE2 cells. Furthermore, rupturing of the cell and nuclear membranes, degeneration of the cristae and significant swelling of the mitochondria were observed, which were consistent with the high apoptotic rate. The Rac1(+) cells exhibited approximately 50% more migration compared with that of the NC and Rac1(-) cells. The overexpression of Rac1 can increase the radiation sensitivity of NPC CNE2 cells, and the mechanism may be closely related to the oxidative damage of mitochondria. Rac1 might be a potential target for radiosensitization in poorly differentiated NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Li
- Clinical pharmacology discipline, Wuzhou Gongren Honspital, Wuzhou 543000, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Fu Lan
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junying Li
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huaxin Hou
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China.
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5
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He JJ, Li Z, Rong ZX, Gao J, Mu Y, Guan YD, Ren XX, Zi YY, Liu LY, Fan Q, Zhou M, Duan YM, Zhou Q, Deng YZ, Sun LQ. m 6A Reader YTHDC2 Promotes Radiotherapy Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Activating IGF1R/AKT/S6 Signaling Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1166. [PMID: 32850334 PMCID: PMC7411471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been reported as a critical regulator of gene transcript expression. Although m6A modification plays important roles in tumor development, its role in therapeutic resistance remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the expression level of m6A-modification related proteins and elucidate the effect of m6A-related proteins on radiation response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among the genes that participated in m6A modification, YTHDC2, a m6A reader, was found to be consistently highly expressed in radioresistant NPC cells. Knocking down of YTHDC2 expression in radioresistant NPC cells improved the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of YTHDC2 in radiosensitive NPC cells exerted an opposite effect. Bioinformatics and mechanistic studies revealed that YTHDC2 could physically bound to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) messenger RNA and promoted translation initiation of IGF1R mRNA, which in turn activated the IGF1R-AKT/S6 signaling pathway. Thus, the present study suggests that YTHDC2 promotes radiotherapy resistance of NPC cells by activating the IGF1R/ATK/S6 signaling axis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in radiosensitization of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ju He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Rong
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Mu
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Di Guan
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Ren
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zi
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Mei Duan
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Deng
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
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6
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Guo Y, Chen J, Feng Y, Chua MLK, Zeng Y, Hui EP, Chan AKC, Tang L, Wang L, Cui Q, Han H, Luo C, Lin G, Liang Y, Liu Y, He Z, Liu Y, Wei P, Liu C, Peng W, Han B, Zuo X, Ong EHW, Yeo ELL, Low KP, Tan GS, Lim TKH, Hwang JSG, Li B, Feng Q, Xia X, Xia Y, Ko J, Dai W, Lung ML, Chan ATC, Lo DYM, Zeng M, Mai H, Liu J, Zeng Y, Bei J. Germline Polymorphisms and Length of Survival of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Exome-Wide Association Study in Multiple Cohorts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903727. [PMID: 32440486 PMCID: PMC7237860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Germline polymorphisms are linked with differential survival outcomes in cancers but are not well studied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, a two-phase association study is conducted to discover germline polymorphisms that are associated with the prognosis of NPC. The discovery phase includes two consecutive hospital cohorts of patients with NPC from Southern China. Exome-wide genotypes at 246 173 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are determined, followed by survival analysis for each SNP under Cox proportional hazard regression model. Candidate SNP is replicated in another two independent cohorts from Southern China and Singapore. Meta-analysis of all samples (n = 5553) confirms that the presence of rs1131636-T, located in the 3'-UTR of RPA1, confers an inferior overall survival (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20-1.47, P = 6.31 × 10-8). Bioinformatics and biological assays show that rs1131636 has regulatory effects on upstream RPA1. Functional studies further demonstrate that RPA1 promotes the growth, invasion, migration, and radioresistance of NPC cells. Additionally, miR-1253 is identified as a suppressor for RPA1 expression, likely through regulation of its binding affinity to rs1131636 locus. Collectively, these findings provide a promising biomarker aiding in stratifying patients with poor survival, as well as a potential drug target for NPC.
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7
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Jiang C, Li L, Xiang YQ, Lung ML, Zeng T, Lu J, Tsao SW, Zeng MS, Yun JP, Kwong DLW, Guan XY. Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA BART2-5p Promotes Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Suppressing RND3. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1957-1969. [PMID: 32060148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancy. Recently, we found that the EBV-encoded miRNA BART2-5p was increased in the serum of patients with preclinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma and that the copy number positively correlated with disease progression. In this study, we established its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and explored underlying mechanisms and clinical significance. BART2-5p was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for progression-free survival and its circulating abundance positively associated with distant metastasis. Ectopic expression of BART2-5p promoted migration and invasion of EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, whereas genetic downregulation of BART2-5p in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells decreased aggressiveness. Mechanistically, BART2-5p targeted RND3, a negative regulator of Rho signaling. Downregulation of RND3 phenocopied the effect of BART2-5p and reconstitution of RND3 rescued the phenotype. By suppressing RND3, BART2-5p activated Rho signaling to enhance cell motility. These findings suggest a novel role for EBV miRNA BART2-5p in promoting nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and its potential value as a prognostic indicator or therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that EBV-encoded BART2-5p miRNA suppresses expression of the RND3 Rho family GTPase, consequently promoting ROCK signaling, cell motility, and metastatic behavior of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dora L W Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Mak JP, Ma HT, Poon RY. Synergism between ATM and PARP1 Inhibition Involves DNA Damage and Abrogating the G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:123-134. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Makowska A, Braunschweig T, Denecke B, Shen L, Baloche V, Busson P, Kontny U. Interferon β and Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Cooperate in NK Cell-Mediated Killing of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1237-1256. [PMID: 31295651 PMCID: PMC6617170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant epithelial cancer linked to EBV infection. Addition of interferon-β (IFNβ) to chemo- and radiochemotherapy has led to survival rates >90% in children and adolescents. As NPC cells are sensitive to apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), we explored the role of TRAIL and IFNβ in the killing of NPC cells by natural killer (NK) cells. NPC cells, including cells of a patient-derived xenograft were exposed to NK cells in the presence or absence of IFNβ. NK cells killed NPC- but not nasoepithelial cells and killing was predominately mediated via TRAIL. Incubation of NK cells with IFNβ increased cytotoxicity against NPC cells. Concomitant incubation of NK- and NPC cells with IFNβ before coculture reduced cytotoxicity and could be overcome by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis leading to the release of intracellular TRAIL from NK cells. In conclusion, combination of IFNβ and anti-PD-1, augmenting cytotoxicity of NK cells against NPC cells, could be a strategy to improve NPC-directed therapy and warrants further evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Denecke
- IZKF, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lian Shen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Valentin Baloche
- CNRS UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Zuo L, Yue W, Li S, Xin S, Liu L, Lu J. Differential expression profiling of lncRNAs related to Epstein‐Barr virus infection in the epithelial cells. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1845-1855. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Wenxing Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Shen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Shuyu Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South University Changsha China
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11
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Ji Y, Li H, Wang F, Gu L. PPARβ/δ Agonist GW501516 Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in C666-1 Cells by Promoting Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 30002625 PMCID: PMC6031703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) had been linked to inhibition on the proliferation and apoptosis in a few cancer cell lines. However, limited data exists regarding the role of PPARβ/δ in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PPARβ/δ on cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent clonogenicity, and ectopic xenografts in the human NPC cell lines. Gene and protein expression of PPARβ/δ were reduced specifically in the poor- and un-differentiated NPC cell lines as compared with the control NP-69 cells. Ligand activation of PPARβ/δ by GW501516, a specific PPARβ/δ selective agonist, inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation strikingly, and induced a G2/M phase arrest in the EBV positive undifferentiated NPC C666-1 cells relative to the control cells. Moreover, GW501516 induced C666-1 cell apoptosis in a caspase and BAX dependent manner. In accordance with the in vitro result, GW501516 significantly suppressed the ectopic NPC xenograft tumorigenicity that derived from the C666-1 NPC cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice. This effect is greatly associated with its inhibition on the gene and protein expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) through activation of the AMPKα-dependent signaling pathways. Collectively, we showed that PPARβ/δ expression is in reverse correlation with the degree of differentiation in the NPC cell lines, and revealed the anti-tumorigenic effects of GW501516 in NPC cells by activation of AMPKα. This study suggested that PPARβ/δ targeting molecules may be useful for the poor-, and particularly un-differentiated NPC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ji
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Linglan Gu
- Department of ENT, Central Hospital of Minhang District (Minhang Hospital Fudan University), Shanghai, China
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13
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Makowska A, Wahab L, Braunschweig T, Kapetanakis NI, Vokuhl C, Denecke B, Shen L, Busson P, Kontny U. Interferon beta induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the TRAIL-signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14228-14250. [PMID: 29581840 PMCID: PMC5865666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy, and maintenance therapy with interferon beta (IFNβ) has led to superior results in the treatment of children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, nothing is known about the mechanism of the antitumor activity of IFNβ in NPC. Here, we investigate the role of IFNβ on apoptosis in NPC cells. Six NPC cell lines, one patient-derived NPC xenograft (PDX) and one SV40-transformed nasoepithelial cell line were used. Induction of apoptosis by IFNβ was measured by flow cytometric analysis of subG1-DNA-content, Hoechst 33258 staining and activation of caspase-3. Dissection of death ligand signaling pathways included measuring surface expression of its components by flow cytometry, activation by death ligands and neutralization with specific antibodies and siRNA. IFNβ induced apoptosis at concentrations achievable in humans in five of six NPC cell lines and in PDX cells but not in nasoepithelial cells. Inhibition of caspases-3 and −8 abrogated this effect suggesting IFNβ promoted apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway. IFNβ induced surface expression of TRAIL and TRAIL-R2 and the addition of an anti-TRAIL-antibody or transfection with TRAIL-siRNA blocked IFNβ-induced apoptosis. No induction of TRAIL-expression was noted in the IFNβ-resistant cell line. In conclusion, IFNβ leads to apoptosis in NPC cells in an autocrine way via the induction of TRAIL expression and subsequent activation of the TRAIL-signaling pathway. The mechanism described could at least partly explain the clinical benefit of IFNβ in the treatment of NPC. Further studies in a mouse-xenograft model are warranted to substantiate this effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lora Wahab
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Vokuhl
- Institute of Pathology, Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- IZKF, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lian Shen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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14
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He JY, Han P, Zhang Y, Liu YD, Song SJ, Feng GK, An Y, Zhou AJ, Wang HB, Yuan L, Lin ZR, Xia TL, Li MZ, Liu YM, Huang XM, Zhang H, Zhong Q. Overexpression of Nogo receptor 3 (NgR3) correlates with poor prognosis and contributes to the migration of epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:265-279. [PMID: 29327067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (N classification) is one of the most important prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and nerve involvement is associated with the transition of the N category in NPC patients. Although the nervous system has been reported to participate in many types of cancer progression, its functions in NPC progression remains unknown. Through analysis of gene profiling data, we demonstrate an enrichment of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation in NPC tissues and cell lines. Among these genes, Nogo receptor 3 (NgR3), which was originally identified in the nervous system and plays a role in nerve development and regeneration, was inappropriately overexpressed in NPC cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of NgR3 was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. Overexpression of NgR3 promoted, and knocking down NgR3 inhibited, NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The ability of NgR3 to promote cell migration was triggered by the downregulation of E-cadherin and enhanced cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell polarity, which were correlated with the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Collectively, NgR3 is a novel indicator of poor outcomes in NPC patients and plays an important role in driving the progression of NPC. These results suggest a potential link between the nervous system and NPC progression. KEY MESSAGES Genes involved in the neuronal biological process are enriched in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Overexpression of NgR3 correlates with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NgR3 promotes NPC cell migration by downregulating E-cadherin. NgR3 promotes NPC cell polarity and enhances the formation of NPC cell pseudopodia by activating FAK/Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shi-Jian Song
- Guangdong Experimental High School, 51 Zhongshan 4th Road, Guangzhou, 510375, China
| | - Guo-Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian-Liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Man-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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15
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Luo W, Qin L, Li B, Liao Z, Liang J, Xiao X, Xiao X, Mo Y, Huang G, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Li P. Inactivation of HMGCL promotes proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppressing oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11954. [PMID: 28931870 PMCID: PMC5607293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is considered as a hallmark of cancer. Here we investigated expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) 2 lyase (HMGCL), an essential enzyme in ketogenesis, which produces ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids to supply energy, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The expression of HMGCL was silenced in NPC tissue. Downregulation of HMGCL in NPC was associated with low intracellular β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) production, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Ectopic expression of HMGCL restored β-HB level, associated with suppressed proliferation and colony formation of NPC cells in vitro and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. HMGCL suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro via mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Furthermore, extracellular β-HB supply suppressed the proliferation and migration of NPC cells. Both intra- and extracellular β-HB exerting a suppressive role in NPC depends on ROS generation. Ketogenesis may be impaired in NPC cells due to lack of HMGCL expression, suggesting that it may be a promising target in NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiezhen Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiling Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingxi Mo
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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16
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Makowska A, Eble M, Prescher K, Hoß M, Kontny U. Chloroquine Sensitizes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells but Not Nasoepithelial Cells to Irradiation by Blocking Autophagy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166766. [PMID: 27902742 PMCID: PMC5130215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma requires the application of high dosages of radiation, leading to severe long-term complications in the majority of patients. Sensitizing tumor cells to radiation could be a means to increase the therapeutic window of radiation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells display alterations in autophagy and blockade of autophagy has been shown to sensitize them against chemotherapy. METHODS We investigated the effect of chloroquine, a known inhibitor of autophagy, on sensitization against radiation-induced apoptosis in a panel of five nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and a SV40-transformed nasoepithelial cell line. Autophagy was measured by immunoblot of autophagy-related proteins, immunofluorescence of autophagosomic microvesicles and electron microscopy. Autophagy was blocked by siRNA against autophagy-related proteins 3, 5, 6 and 7 (ATG3, ATG5, ATG6 and ATG7). RESULTS Chloroquine sensitized four out of five nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines towards radiation-induced apoptosis. The sensitizing effect was based on the blockade of autophagy as inhibition of ATG3, ATG5, ATG6 and ATG7 by specific siRNA could substitute for the effect of chloroquine. No sensitization was seen in nasoepithelial cells. CONCLUSION Chloroquine sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells but not nasoepithelial cells towards radiation-induced apoptosis by blocking autophagy. Further studies in a mouse-xenograft model are warranted to substantiate this effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Eble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Prescher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Hoß
- Electron Microscopic Facility, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Nanbo A, Kachi K, Yoshiyama H, Ohba Y. Epstein–Barr virus exploits host endocytic machinery for cell-to-cell viral transmission rather than a virological synapse. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2989-3006. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nanbo
- Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Wang H, Zhang S, Tian X, Liu C, Zhang L, Hu W, Shao Y, Li L. High sensitivity of gold nanoparticles co-doped with Gd 2O 3 mesoporous silica nanocomposite to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34367. [PMID: 27694966 PMCID: PMC5046069 DOI: 10.1038/srep34367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoprobes for combined optical and magnetic resonance imaging have tremendous potential in early cancer diagnosis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) co-doped with Gd2O3 mesoporous silica nanocomposite (Au/Gd@MCM-41) can produce pronounced contrast enhancement for T1 weighted image in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we show the remarkably high sensitivity of Au/Gd@MCM-41 to the human poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line (CNE-2) using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). The upconversion luminescences from CNE-2 and the normal nasopharyngeal (NP) cells (NP69) after uptake of Au/Gd@MCM-41 show the characteristic of two-photon-induced-radiative recombination of the AuNPs. The presence of the Gd3+ ion induces a much shorter luminescence lifetime in CNE-2 cells. The interaction between AuNPs and Gd3+ ion clearly enhances the optical sensitivity of Au/Gd@MCM-41 to CNE-2. Furthermore, the difference in the autofluorescence between CNE-2 and NP69 cells can be efficiently demonstrated by the emission lifetimes of Au/Gd@MCM-41 through the Forster energy transfers from the endogenous fluorophores to AuNPs. The results suggest that Au/Gd@MCM-41 may impart high optical resolution for the FLIM imaging that differentiates normal and high-grade precancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Songjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiumei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University CancerCentre, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University CancerCentre, Guangzhou 510060, China
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19
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Astakhova L, Ngara M, Babich O, Prosekov A, Asyakina L, Dyshlyuk L, Midtvedt T, Zhou X, Ernberg I, Matskova L. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) Reprogram Gene Expression in Human Malignant Epithelial and Lymphoid Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154102. [PMID: 27441625 PMCID: PMC4956219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on gene expression in human, malignant cell lines was investigated, with a focus on signaling pathways. The commensal microbial flora produce high levels of SCFAs with established physiologic effects in humans. The most abundant SCFA metabolite in the human microflora is n-butyric acid. It is well known to activate endogenous latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), that was used as a reference read out system and extended to EBV+ epithelial cancer cell lines. N-butyric acid and its salt induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in tumor cells of epithelial and lymphoid origin. Epithelial cell migration was inhibited. The n-butyric gene activation was reduced by knock-down of the cell membrane transporters MCT-1 and -4 by siRNA. N-butyric acid show biologically significant effects on several important cellular functions, also with relevance for tumor cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiia Astakhova
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Kemerovo, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Tore Midtvedt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Mak JPY, Man WY, Chow JPH, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Pharmacological inactivation of CHK1 and WEE1 induces mitotic catastrophe in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21074-84. [PMID: 26025928 PMCID: PMC4673251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare but highly invasive cancer. As radiotherapy is the primary treatment for NPC, this offers a rationale to investigate if uncoupling the DNA damage responses can sensitize this cancer type. The G2 DNA damage checkpoint is controlled by a cascade of protein kinases: ATM/ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1/CHK2, which in turn phosphorylates WEE1. A number of small molecule inhibitors have been developed against these kinases as potential therapeutic agents. Here we demonstrated that compare to that in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 were overexpressed in NPC cell lines. Inhibitors of these kinases were unable to promote extensive mitotic catastrophe in ionizing radiation-treated NPC cells, indicating that they are not very effective radiosensitizer for this cancer. In the absence of prior irradiation, however, mitotic catastrophe could be induced with inhibitors against CHK1 (AZD7762) or WEE1 (MK-1775). NPC cells were more sensitive to WEE1 inactivation than nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Targeting CHK1 and WEE1 together induced more extensive mitotic catastrophe than the individual components alone. Taken together, our results show that NPC cells depend on CHK1 and WEE1 activity for growth and that inhibitors of these kinases may serve as potential therapeutics for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce P Y Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy P H Chow
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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21
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Lian YF, Yuan J, Cui Q, Feng QS, Xu M, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Feng L. Upregulation of KLHDC4 Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152820. [PMID: 27030985 PMCID: PMC4816273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelch proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most countries, but prevalent in southern China and certain areas of Southeast Asia. In this study, we identified Kelch Domain Containing 4 (KLHDC4), an orphan member of the kelch repeat superfamily, as a prognosis marker for NPC. We examined the expression of KLHDC4 in 168 NPC cases by immunohistochemical staining and found a substantially higher level of KLHDC4 in NPC biopsies compared to adjacent normal nasopharyngeal mucosa. KLHDC4 expression was significantly related to the T classification (P <0.05), N classification (P <0.05) and total staging (P <0.01) in NPC, and patients with higher KLHDC4 expression had poorer overall (P <0.01) and metastasis-free survival (P <0.05) rates. Knockout (KO) of KLHDC4 via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in NPC cell line dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation in soft agar and tumor formation in nude mice. In addition, cell migration and invasion were also impaired by KLHDC4 depletion as revealed by wound healing and Transwell assay. Mechanically, loss of KLHDC4 markedly induced spontaneous apoptosis in NPC cells, as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Consistently, KLHDC4 knockout cell-derived xenografts also showed elevated cleaved caspase-3 and PARP but reduced Ki-67 staining. In conclusion, our results suggest that KLHDC4 promotes NPC oncogenesis by suppressing cellular apoptosis. Thus, KLHDC4 may serve as a prognosis biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Lian
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (YXZ)
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (YXZ)
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22
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Wang F, Jiang C, Sun Q, Yan F, Wang L, Fu Z, Liu T, Hu F. Downregulation of miR‑429 and inhibition of cell migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3236-42. [PMID: 26936585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral, dietary and genetic factors have been implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), however, the molecular mechanism underlying its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be important in NPC tumorigenesis, with a previous miRNA microarray study showing the downregulation of miRNA (miR)‑429 in NPC cells. However, the possible mechanisms of action of miR‑429 have not been examined. In the present study, the expression profiles of miR‑429 were detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in CNE‑1 and CNE‑2 cells, which are two generally used NPC cells with different degrees of differentiation. Subsequently, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were analyzed in miR‑429‑overexpressing CNE‑2 cells, and the modulatory function of miR‑429 was also investigated using two target genes, zinc finger E‑Box‑binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and CRK‑like (CRKL), by transfection with miR‑429 mimic or anti‑miR‑429. Significant changes in the expression of miR‑429 were detected, particularly in low‑differentiated CNE‑2 cells, with higher levels of epidemicity and malignancy. Additional results revealed that miR‑429 inhibited the invasion and migration of the CNE‑2 cells, whereas no significant effect on cell growth was observed. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the two target genes, ZEB1 and CRKL, were negatively regulated by miR‑429, demonstrated through gain‑of‑function and loss‑of‑function investigations, indicating that these two functional downstream targets may be involved in the inhibitory effects of miR‑429 on NPC migration and invasion. miR‑429 may act as a negative regulatory factor of NPC tumorigenesis, involving the functions of its downstream targets, ZEB1 and CRKL. The results suggested miR‑429 as a potential candidate for miRNA‑based prognosis or therapy against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Chuner Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Fenqin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfu Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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23
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MiR-223 targeting MAFB suppresses proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:461. [PMID: 26055874 PMCID: PMC4460644 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that miRNAs have major functions in tumor pathogenesis, and this study aimed to identify the candidate miRNA and investigate its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods MiRNA and mRNA expressions were screened by microarray assays. The cell proliferation, colony formation and migration ability were measured by MTT, soft agar and wound healing assays, respectively. The tumor growth suppression was evaluated by xenografting in nude mice. The plasma miR-223 levels in NPC patients were detected by TaqMan analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to confirm miR-223 and MAFB expression levels. The targeting relationship between miR-223 and MAFB was verified using dual luciferase reporter assay. Results The miR-223 expression was decreased in CNE-1, CNE-2 cells as compared with NP69 cells, an immortalized human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, and its level also reduced in NPC patients’ plasma as compared with healthy controls. Exogenous expression of miR-223 in CNE-2 cells could inhibit cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Extrogenous miR-223 in CNE-2 cells would decrease the ability of colony formation and migration. MAFB, a transcription factor of Maf family members, was identified as a target gene of miR-223. We found that migration and invasion abilities were inhibited by MAFB silencing. Conclusions MiR-223 negatively regulates the growth and migration of NPC cells via reducing MAFB expression, and this finding provides a novel insight into understanding miR-223 regulation mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis.
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24
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Li J, Hong MJ, Chow JP, Man WY, Mak JP, Ma HT, Poon RY. Co-inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and Aurora kinases promotes mitotic catastrophe. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9327-40. [PMID: 25871386 PMCID: PMC4496220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is choreographed by a number of protein kinases including polo-like kinases and Aurora kinases. As these kinases are frequently dysregulated in cancers, small-molecule inhibitors have been developed for targeted anticancer therapies. Given that PLK1 and Aurora kinases possess both unique functions as well as co-regulate multiple mitotic events, whether pharmacological inhibition of these kinases together can enhance mitotic catastrophe remains an outstanding issue to be determined. Using concentrations of inhibitors that did not induce severe mitotic defects on their own, we found that both the metaphase arrest and mitotic slippage induced by inhibitors targeting Aurora A and Aurora B (MK-5108 and Barasertib respectively) were enhanced by a PLK1 inhibitor (BI 2536). We found that PLK1 is overexpressed in cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a highly invasive cancer with poor prognosis, in comparison to normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were more sensitive to BI 2536 as a single agent and co-inhibition with Aurora kinases than normal cells. These observations underscore the mechanism and potential benefits of targeting PLK1 and Aurora kinases to induce mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Myung Jin Hong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy P.H. Chow
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce P.Y. Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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25
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Effect of FosPeg® mediated photoactivation on P-gp/ABCB1 protein expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:82-87. [PMID: 25900553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) refers to the ability of cancer cells to develop cross resistance to a range of anticancer drugs which are structurally and functionally unrelated. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the best studied MDR phenotype in photodynamic therapy (PDT) treated cells. Our pervious study demonstrated that FosPeg® mediated PDT is effective to NPC cell line models. In this in vitro study, the expression of MDR1 gene and its product P-gp in undifferentiated, poorly differentiated and well differentiated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells were investigated. The influence of P-gp efflux activities on photosensitizer FosPeg® was also examined. Regardless of the differentiation status, PDT tested NPC cell lines all expressed P-gp protein. Results indicated that FosPeg® photoactivation could heighten the expression of MDR1 gene and P-gp transporter protein in a dose dependent manner. Up to 2-fold increase of P-gp protein expression were seen in NPC cells after FosPeg® mediated PDT. Interestingly, our finding demonstrated that FosPeg® mediated PDT efficiency is independent to the MDR1 gene and P-gp protein expression in NPC cells. FosPeg® itself is not the substrate of P-gp transporter protein and no efflux of FosPeg® were observed in NPC cells. Therefore, the PDT efficiency would not be affected even though FosPeg® mediated PDT could induce MDR1 gene and P-gp protein expression in NPC cells. FosPeg® mediated PDT could be a potential therapeutic approach for MDR cancer patients.
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26
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Shuen WH, Kan R, Yu Z, Lung HL, Lung ML. Novel lentiviral-inducible transgene expression systems and versatile single-plasmid reporters for in vitro and in vivo cancer biology studies. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:207-14. [PMID: 25721206 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many of the cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors are difficult to transfect using commonly established transfection approaches. This hurdle for some DNA transfection systems has hindered cancer biology studies. Moreover, there are limited tools for studying pathway activities. Therefore, highly efficient improved gene transfer and versatile genetic tools are required. In this study, we established and developed a comprehensive set of new lentiviral tools to study gene functions and pathway activities. Using the optimized conditions, cancer cell lines achieved >90% transduction efficiency. Novel lentiviral doxycycline-regulated pTet-IRES-EGFP (pTIE) systems for transgene expression and TRE reporters used for pathway activity determination were developed and tested. The pTIE Tet-Off system showed in vitro doxycycline-sensitive responses with low or undetectable leakage of protein expression and in vivo tumor suppression as illustrated using candidate tumor suppressors, Fibulin-2 and THY1. In contrast, the Tet-On system showed dose-dependent responses. The pTRE-EGFP (pTE) and pTRE-FLuc-EF1α-RLuc (pT-FER) reporters with the NFκB p65 subunit consensus sequence showed GFP and firefly luciferase responses, which were directly correlated with TNFα stimulation, respectively. Taken together, these newly developed lentiviral systems provide versatile in vitro and in vivo platforms to strengthen our capabilities for cancer biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Shuen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - R Kan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - H L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - M L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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27
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Wong EYL, Wong SCC, Chan CML, Lam EKY, Ho LY, Lau CPY, Au TCC, Chan AKC, Tsang CM, Tsao SW, Lui VWY, Chan ATC. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator promotes proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:569-574. [PMID: 25621025 PMCID: PMC4301475 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is the protein product of the p53 target gene, C12orf5. TIGAR blocks glycolysis and promotes cellular metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway; it promotes the production of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which leads to enhanced scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in normal cells. Our previous study identified a novel nucleoside analog that inhibited cellular growth and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines via downregulation of TIGAR expression. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory effects of c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors were ameliorated by the overexpression of TIGAR in the NPC cell lines. These results indicate a significant role for TIGAR expression in the survival of NPCs. The present study aimed to further define the function of TIGAR expression in NPC cells. In total, 36 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC tissue samples were obtained for the immunohistochemical determination of TIGAR expression. The effects of TIGAR expression on cell proliferation, NADPH production and cellular invasiveness were also assessed in NPC cell lines. Overall, TIGAR was overexpressed in 27/36 (75%) of the NPC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancer epithelial cells. Similarly, TIGAR overexpression was also observed in a panel of six NPC cell lines compared with normal NP460 hTert and Het1A cell lines. TIGAR overexpression led to increased cellular growth, NADPH production and invasiveness of the NPC cell lines, whereas a knockdown of TIGAR expression resulted in significant inhibition of cellular growth and invasiveness. The expression of the two mesenchymal markers, fibronectin and vimentin, was increased by TIGAR overexpression, but reduced following TIGAR-knockdown. The present study revealed that TIGAR overexpression led to increased cellular growth, NADPH production and invasiveness, and the maintenance of a mesenchymal phenotype, in NPC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Yue Ling Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China ; Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Charles Ming Lok Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Emily Kai Yee Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Louisa Yeung Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cecilia Pik Yuk Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chi Chuen Au
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Amanda Kit Ching Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Anthony Tak Cheung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, P.R. China
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28
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Chen JP, Wang J, Luan Y, Wang CX, Li WH, Zhang JB, Sha D, Shen R, Cui YG, Zhang Z, Zhang LM, Wang WB. TRPM7 promotes the metastatic process in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:483-90. [PMID: 25304381 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our study observed the relationship between transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) expression and the metastatic process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We found that TRPM7 was overexpressed in 102 out of 206 (49.5%) human NPC cases and was significantly associated with clinical stage and lymphatic and distant metastasis. The results suggested that TRPM7 promotes NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Further, TRPM7 was correlated with poor clinical outcome and was an independent predictor for 5-year overall survival rate (HR, 1.832; 95% CI, 1.237-4.146 [P = 0.041]). In conclusion, TRPM7 promotes the metastasis of NPC and may serve as a prognostic marker in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Center for Disease Control, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wen-Huan Li
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jin-Biao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the 148th Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Zibo, 255300, China
| | - Dan Sha
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yan-Gang Cui
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei-Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
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Salt-inducible kinase 3 is a novel mitotic regulator and a target for enhancing antimitotic therapeutic-mediated cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1177. [PMID: 24743732 PMCID: PMC4001308 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many mitotic kinases are both critical for maintaining genome stability and are important targets for anticancer therapies. We provide evidence that SIK3 (salt-inducible kinase 3), an AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase, is important for mitosis to occur properly in mammalian cells. Downregulation of SIK3 resulted in an extension of mitosis in both mouse and human cells but did not affect the DNA damage checkpoint. Time-lapse microscopy and other approaches indicated that mitotic exit but not mitotic entry was delayed. Although repression of SIK3 alone simply delayed mitotic exit, it was able to sensitize cells to various antimitotic chemicals. Both mitotic arrest and cell death caused by spindle poisons were enhanced after SIK3 depletion. Likewise, the antimitotic effects due to pharmacological inhibition of mitotic kinases including Aurora A, Aurora B, and polo-like kinase 1 were enhanced in the absence of SIK3. Finally, in addition to promoting the sensitivity of a small-molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Eg5, SIK3 depletion was able to overcome cells that developed drug resistance. These results establish the importance of SIK3 as a mitotic regulator and underscore the potential of SIK3 as a druggable antimitotic target.
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30
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Man WY, Mak JPY, Poon RYC. Dovitinib induces mitotic defects and activates the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:143-55. [PMID: 24238094 PMCID: PMC3916126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dovitinib (TKI258; formerly CHIR-258) is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. Interestingly, Dovitinib triggered a G2/M arrest in cancer cell lines from diverse origins including HeLa, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Single-cell analysis revealed that Dovitinib promoted a delay in mitotic exit in a subset of cells, causing the cells to undergo mitotic slippage. Higher concentrations of Dovitinib induced a G2 arrest similar to the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. In support of this, DNA damage was triggered by Dovitinib as revealed by γ-H2AX and comet assays. The mitotic kinase CDK1 was found to be inactivated by phosphorylation in the presence of Dovitinib. Furthermore, the G2 arrest could be overcome by abrogation of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint using small molecule inhibitors of CHK1 and WEE1. Finally, Dovitinib-mediated G2 cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death could be promoted after DNA damage repair was disrupted by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. These results are consistent with the recent finding that Dovitinib can also target topoisomerases. Collectively, these results suggest additional directions for use of Dovitinib, in particular with agents that target the DNA damage checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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31
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Yang GD, Huang TJ, Peng LX, Yang CF, Liu RY, Huang HB, Chu QQ, Yang HJ, Huang JL, Zhu ZY, Qian CN, Huang BJ. Epstein-Barr Virus_Encoded LMP1 upregulates microRNA-21 to promote the resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced Apoptosis by suppressing PDCD4 and Fas-L. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78355. [PMID: 24194922 PMCID: PMC3806812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) display chemoresistance to cisplatin-based regimens, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a functional homologue of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, contributes substantially to the oncogenic potential of EBV through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, and it is closely associated with a poorer prognosis for NPC. Recent studies show that EBV infection can induce the expression of many cellular miRNAs, including microRNA-21, a biomarker for chemoresistance. However, neither a link between LMP1 expression and miR-21 upregulation nor their cross talk in affecting chemoresistance to cisplatin have been reported. Here, we observed that stable LMP1-transformed NPC cells were less sensitive to cisplatin treatment based on their proliferation, colony formation, the IC50 value of cisplatin and the apoptosis index. Higher levels of miR-21 were found in EBV-carrying and LMP1-positive cell lines, suggesting that LMP1 may be linked to miR-21 upregulation. These data were confirmed by our results that exogenous LMP1 increased miR-21 in both transiently and stably LMP1-transfected cells, and the knock down of miR-21 substantially reversed the resistance of the NPC cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the proapoptotic factors programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and Fas ligand (Fas-L), which were negatively regulated by miR-21, were found to play an important role in the program of LMP1-dependent cisplatin resistance. Finally, we demonstrated that LMP1 induced miR-21 expression primarily by modulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Taken together, we revealed for the first time that viral LMP1 triggers the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a pathway to induce human miR-21 expression, which subsequently decreases the expression of PDCD4 and Fas-L, and results in chemoresistance in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Da Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Jun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fu Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jie Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ling Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CNQ); (BJH)
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CNQ); (BJH)
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32
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He YW, Wang HS, Zeng J, Fang X, Chen HY, Du J, Yang XY. Sodium butyrate inhibits interferon-gamma induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression via STAT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Life Sci 2013; 93:509-15. [PMID: 23942267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibits T-cell proliferation by catalyzing the conversion of l-tryptophan to l-kynurenine. IDO-induced immune tolerance weakens the clinical outcomes of immunotherapies. Sodium butyrate (NaB), one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), has potential anti-tumor effects. Our previous studies revealed that NaB could inhibit IFN-γ induced IDO expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, CNE2. In the present study, we aim to investigate to the mechanism of NaB interfering with the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated IDO expression signaling transduction. MAIN METHODS IDO expression and STAT1 phosphorylation in CNE2 cells were analyzed by western blotting and STAT1 acetylation was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. STAT1 nuclear translocation and NF-κB activity were detected by transient transfection and reporter gene assay. KEY FINDINGS We found that NaB inhibited IFN-γ-induced IDO expression in CNE2 cells via decreasing phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1, but not via down-regulation of IFN-γ-receptor (IFNGR). Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NaB increased STAT1 acetylation. Furthermore, NaB elevated the activity of NF-κB in CNE2 cells, and blocking the NF-κB activity had no effect on the IFN-γ-induced IDO expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that NaB inhibited IFN-γ-induced IDO expression via STAT1 increased acetylation, decreased phosphorylation, and reduced nuclear translocation. These provided new evidence for the anti-tumor action of NaB and potential drug targets to reduce the IDO-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Chow JPH, Man WY, Mao M, Chen H, Cheung F, Nicholls J, Tsao SW, Li Lung M, Poon RYC. PARP1 is overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its inhibition enhances radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2517-28. [PMID: 23979918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare but highly invasive cancer. As options of agents for effective combination chemoradiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma are limited, novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. The ubiquitin ligase CHFR is known to target PARP1 for degradation and is epigenetically inactivated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We present evidence that PARP1 protein is indeed overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in comparison with immortalized normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Tissue microarray analysis also indicated that PARP1 protein is significantly elevated in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, with strong correlation with all stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma development. We found that the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (olaparib) increased DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells challenged with ionizing radiation or temozolomide. Isobologram analysis confirmed that the cytotoxicity triggered by AZD2281 and DNA-damaging agents was synergistic. Finally, AZD2281 also enhanced the tumor-inhibitory effects of ionizing radiation in animal xenograft models. These observations implicate that PARP1 overexpression is an early event in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development and provide a molecular basis of using PARP inhibitors to potentiate treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P H Chow
- Corresponding Author: Randy Y.C. Poon, Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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Liu RY, Dong Z, Liu J, Zhou L, Huang W, Khoo SK, Zhang Z, Petillo D, Teh BT, Qian CN, Zhang JT. Overexpression of asparagine synthetase and matrix metalloproteinase 19 confers cisplatin sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2157-66. [PMID: 23956056 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered a standard treatment approach for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, only a minority of patients benefit from this treatment regimen compared with radiotherapy alone. Identification of a set of molecular markers predicting sensitivity of platinum-based chemotherapy may contribute to personalized treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma for better clinical outcome with less toxicity. Previously, we generated a cisplatin-sensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, S16, by clonal selection from CNE-2 cells and found that eIF3a is upregulated and contributes to cisplatin sensitivity by downregulating the synthesis of nucleotide excision repair proteins. In this study, we conducted a gene expression profiling analysis and found three other genes, asparagine synthetase (ASNS), choriogonadotropin α subunit (CGA), and matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP19), that are upregulated in the cisplatin-sensitive S16 cells compared with the CNE-2 cells. However, only ASNS and MMP19, but not CGA, contributes to cisplatin sensitivity by potentiating cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Thus, ASNS and MMP19, along with eIF3a, are the sensitivity factors for cisplatin treatment and may serve as potential candidate molecular markers for predicting cisplatin sensitivity of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Yi Liu
- Corresponding Authors: Jian-Ting Zhang, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St., Walther Hall-C510, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5424.
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Exosomes derived from Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are internalized via caveola-dependent endocytosis and promote phenotypic modulation in target cells. J Virol 2013; 87:10334-47. [PMID: 23864627 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01310-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus, establishes a lifelong latent infection in B lymphocytes and epithelial cells following primary infection. Several lines of evidence suggest that exosomes derived from EBV-infected cells are internalized and transfer viral factors, including EBV-encoded latent membrane protein and microRNAs, to the recipient cells. However, the detailed mechanism by which exosomes are internalized and their physiological impact on the recipient cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we visualized the internalization of fluorescently labeled exosomes derived from EBV-uninfected and EBV-infected B cells of type I and type III latency into EBV-negative epithelial cells. In this way, we demonstrated that exosomes derived from all three cell types were internalized into the target cells in a similar fashion. Internalization of exosomes was significantly suppressed by treatment with an inhibitor of dynamin and also by the knockdown of caveolin-1. Labeled exosomes were colocalized with caveolae and subsequently trafficked through endocytic pathways. Moreover, we observed that exosomes derived from type III latency cells upregulated proliferation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the recipient cells more significantly than did those derived from EBV-negative and type I latency cells. We also identified the EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene as responsible for induction of ICAM-1 expression. Taken together, our data indicate that exosomes released from EBV-infected B cells are internalized via caveola-dependent endocytosis, which, in turn, contributes to phenotypic changes in the recipient cells through transferring one or more viral factors.
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Wong AMG, Kong KL, Chen L, Liu M, Wong AMG, Zhu C, Tsang JWH, Guan XY. Characterization ofCACNA2D3as a putative tumor suppressor gene in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2284-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; China
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Ma L, Zhang G, Miao XB, Deng XB, Wu Y, Liu Y, Jin ZR, Li XQ, Liu QZ, Sun DX, Testa JR, Yao KT, Xiao GH. Cancer stem-like cell properties are regulated by EGFR/AKT/β-catenin signaling and preferentially inhibited by gefitinib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. FEBS J 2013; 280:2027-41. [PMID: 23461856 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway plays a critical role in regulating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common malignant tumors in Southeast Asia. Effects of EGFR on maintaining CSCs are mainly mediated by AKT signaling, and β-catenin is responsible for governing CSC properties in response to EGFR/AKT activation. Significantly, CSCs are enriched by cisplatin and decreased by gefitinib in NPC xenograft models. Upon reimplantation in secondary mice, tumor cells derived from cisplatin-treated mice grew rapidly, whereas regrowth of tumor cells from gefitinib-treated mice was severely diminished. We further demonstrate that expression of EGFR correlates with expression of β-catenin and Nanog in primary tumor specimens from NPC patients. These findings provide mechanistic and preclinical evidence supporting the use of gefitinib alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent in first-line therapy for patients with NPC. In addition, our results suggest that targeting β-catenin represents a rational clinical modality for patients whose tumors harbor activated EGFR or AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Miao
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Bin Deng
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Jin
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qing Li
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zhen Liu
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liang Y, Li X, Lin R, Zhang X, Wang H, Tan N, Li K, Tang X, Zhou K, Li T. Combinatorial gene targeting hTERT and BI-1 in CNE-2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:285-293. [PMID: 24648937 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor. In recent studies, we demonstrated that overexpression of the Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) induces cell transformation in NIH3T3 cells and that knockdown of BI-1 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression suppresses NPC cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. To evaluate the combination anti-tumor effects of siRNAs against hTERT and BI-1 in the CNE-2 NPC cell line, combined and separate short-hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids targeting hTERT and BI-1, respectively, were constructed. hTERT and BI-1 mRNA and protein levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, colony formation and migration ability were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), soft agar and wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining and caspase-3 activity. hTERT, BI-1 and combined shRNA plasmids were injected into xenograft NPC tumor tissues, and expression of hTERT and BI-1 was detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Tumor growth was measured by tumor volume and apoptosis in vivo was confirmed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Our results showed that combined shRNA specific for hTERT and BI-1 markedly suppressed hTERT and BI-1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CNE-2 cell proliferation was inhibited in vitro as well as in vivo. Following the knockdown of the two gene expressions, CNE-2 exhibited a decrease in colony formation and migration ability and an increase in the apoptotic rate compared to the control groups. Our in vitro and in vivo study showed that the combinative silencing of the two genes enhanced the therapeutic effect compared to the silencing of each individual shRNA. These data suggested that combinatorial gene therapy targeting hTERT and BI-1 may be beneficial as a tumor therapy strategy against human NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Rongwen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Keshen Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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Zhang LY, Ho-Fun Lee V, Wong AMG, Kwong DLW, Zhu YH, Dong SS, Kong KL, Chen J, Tsao SW, Guan XY, Fu L. MicroRNA-144 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through repression of PTEN. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:454-63. [PMID: 23125220 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer with significantly high prevalence in Southern China. Unlike other head and neck cancers, mutations or deletions of tumor suppressor genes in NPC are not common. Recently, downregulation of tumor suppressor genes expression by microRNA (miRNA) is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis. In this study, we reported that microRNA-144 (miR-144) was frequently upregulated in NPC specimens and cell lines. Repression of miR-144 significantly decreased cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion and tumor formation in nude mice, while restoring miR-144 in miR-144-attenuated NPC cells exhibited a strong tumorigenic role. Further, we found that miR-144 was inversely correlated with the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in NPC specimens and cell lines, and then we identified PTEN as a direct target of miR-144 in NPC cell lines. PTEN downregulation in miR-144-attenuated cells could increase cell growth, migration and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-144 suppressed the expression of PTEN to increase the expression of pAkt and cyclin D1 to promote G(1)-phase transition and decrease E-cadherin to promote migration and invasion. Taken together, we provide compelling evidence that miR-144 functions as an onco-miRNA in NPC, and its oncoeffects are mediated chiefly by repressing PTEN expression to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Chen J, Kwong DLW, Zhu CL, Chen LL, Dong SS, Zhang LY, Tian J, Qi CB, Cao TT, Wong AMG, Kong KL, Li Y, Liu M, Fu L, Guan XY. RBMS3 at 3p24 inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma development via inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44636. [PMID: 22957092 PMCID: PMC3434166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in many solid tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting the existence of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) within the frequently deleted region. A putative TSG RBMS3 (RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 3), located at 3p24-p23, has been identified in our previous study. Here, we reported that downregulation of RBMS3 was detected in 3/3 NPC cell lines and 13/15 (86.7%) primary NPC tissues. Functional studies using both overexpression and suppression systems demonstrated that RBMS3 has a strong tumor suppressive role in NPC. The tumor suppressive mechanism of RBMS3 was associated with its role in cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint by upregulating p53 and p21, downregulating cyclin E and CDK2, and the subsequent inhibition of Rb-ser780. Further analysis demonstrated that RBMS3 had a pro-apoptotic role in a mitochondrial-dependent manner via activation of caspase-9 and PARP. Finally, RBMS3 inhibited microvessel formation, which may be mediated by down-regulation of MMP2 and β-catenin and inactivation of its downstream targets, including cyclin-D1, c-Myc, MMP7, and MMP9. Taken together, our findings define a function for RBMS3 as an important tumor suppressor gene in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cai-Lei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sui-Sui Dong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Ting-Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kar-Lok Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (XG)
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LF); (XG)
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Hu ZY, Wang J, Cheng G, Zhu XF, Huang P, Yang D, Zeng YX. Apogossypolone targets mitochondria and light enhances its anticancer activity by stimulating generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:41-53. [PMID: 21192843 PMCID: PMC4012262 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Apogossypolone (ApoG2), a novel derivative of gossypol, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and to have antitumor activity in multiple types of cancer cells. Recent reports suggest that gossypol stimulates the generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leukemia and colorectal carcinoma cells; however, gossypol-mediated cell death in leukemia cells was reported to be ROS-independent. This study was conducted to clarify the effect of ApoG2-induced ROS on mitochondria and cell viability, and to further evaluate its utility as a treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We tested the photocytotoxicity of ApoG2 to the poorly differentiated NPC cell line CNE-2 using the ROS-generating TL/10 illumination system. The rapid ApoG2-induced cell death was partially reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), but the ApoG2-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was not reversed by NAC. In the presence of TL/10 illumination, ApoG2 generated massive amounts of singlet oxygen and was more effective in inhibiting cell growth than in the absence of illumination. We also determined the influence of light on the anti-proliferative activity of ApoG2 using a CNE-2–xenograft mouse model. ApoG2 under TL/10 illumination healed tumor wounds and suppressed tumor growth more effectively than ApoG2 treatment alone. These results indicate that the ApoG2-induced CNE-2 cell death is partly ROS-dependent. ApoG2 may be used with photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
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Peng F, Xu Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Li Q, Zuo Y, Chen J, Hu X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Ma H, Bao Y, Chen M. Recombinant human endostatin normalizes tumor vasculature and enhances radiation response in xenografted human nasopharyngeal carcinoma models. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34646. [PMID: 22496834 PMCID: PMC3322143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic tumor cells can reduce the efficacy of radiation. Antiangiogenic therapy may transiently "normalize" the tumor vasculature to make it more efficient for oxygen delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the recombinant human endostatin (endostar) can create a "vascular normalization window" to alleviate hypoxia and enhance the inhibitory effects of radiation therapy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Transient changes in morphology of tumor vasculature and hypoxic tumor cell fraction in response to endostar were detected in mice bearing CNE-2 and 5-8F human NPC xenografts. Various treatment schedules were tested to assess the influence of endostar on the effect of radiation therapy. Several important factors relevant to the angiogenesis were identified through immunohistochemical staining. During endostar treatment, tumor vascularity decreased, while the basement membrane and pericyte coverage associated with endothelial cells increased, which supported the idea of vessel normalization. Hypoxic tumor cell fraction also decreased after the treatment. The transient modulation of tumor physiology caused by endostar improved the effect of radiation treatment compared with other treatment schedules. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and MMP-14 decreased, while the level of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) increased. CONCLUSIONS Endostar normalized tumor vasculature, which alleviated hypoxia and significantly sensitized the function of radiation in anti-tumor in human NPC. The results provide an important experimental basis for combining endostar with radiation therapy in human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zumin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yufang Zuo
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Honglian Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YB)
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail: (MC); (YB)
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Huang Z, Cheng Y, Chiu PM, Cheung FMF, Nicholls JM, Kwong DLW, Lee AWM, Zabarovsky ER, Stanbridge EJ, Lung HL, Lung ML. Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and impairs NPC progression-associated properties. Oncogene 2011; 31:3709-20. [PMID: 22158051 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) maps within the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor-suppressive critical region 11q22-23 and its downregulation is significantly associated with the progression of NPC. However, little is known about the functional impact of CRYAB on NPC progression. In this study we evaluated the NPC tumor-suppressive and progression-associated functions of CRYAB. Activation of CRYAB suppressed NPC tumor formation in nude mice. Overexpression of CRYAB affected NPC progression-associated phenotypes such as loss of cell adhesion, invasion, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, invasive protrusion formation in three dimensional Matrigel culture, as well as expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated markers. CRYAB mediates this ability to suppress cancer progression by inhibition of E-cadherin cytoplasmic internalization and maintenance of β-catenin in the membrane that subsequently reduces the levels of expression of critical downstream targets such as cyclin-D1 and c-myc. Both ectopically expressed and recombinant CRYAB proteins were associated with endogenous E-cadherin and β-catenin, and, thus, the cadherin/catenin adherens junction. The CRYAB α-crystallin core domain is responsible for the interaction of CRYAB with both E-cadherin and β-catenin. Taken together, these results indicate that CRYAB functions to suppress NPC progression by associating with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and modulating the β-catenin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), PR China
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Xu Z, Fang S, Zuo Y, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Wang Q, Yang Z, Cai W, Ma J, Yang X, Gao G. Combination of pigment epithelium-derived factor with radiotherapy enhances the antitumor effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1789-98. [PMID: 21707863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which has the highest incidence in South China, is mainly treated by radiotherapy. However, the survival rate remains low. Angiogenesis is closely correlated with progress of NPC. Thus, the combination of anti-angiogenesis with radiation is an attractive strategy for NPC treatment. A heterogenic xenografted human NPC nude mice model was established to investigate the effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a potent anti-angiogenic factor, and the combined effect of PEDF and radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pigment epithelium- derived factor remarkably suppressed the growth of NPC by 43.52% and decreased the tumor microvessel density (MVD). Pigment epithelium-derived factor had no effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of NPC cell lines by MTT and flow cytometry assay. However, PEDF decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in NPC cell lines by downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a, a crucial transcriptional factor for VEGF expression, as demonstrated by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assay. Interestingly, irradiation alone could also effectively downregulate VEGF and MVD of xenografted tumor, which indicates that irradiation suppresses NPC not only by killing tumor cells but also through anti-angiogenesis. Furthermore, combined treatment of PEDF with irradiation enhanced the antitumor efficacy. The MVD and VEGF in the combined therapy were much less than in the treatment with PEDF or radiotherapy alone. Our observation demonstrated that the combination of PEDF with radiotherapy enhances the efficacy of the antitumor effect on NPC by the coordinated inhibition on angiogenesis, which implies the potential role of PEDF as an adjuvant agent for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Hau PM, Tsang CM, Yip YL, Huen MSY, Tsao SW. Id1 interacts and stabilizes the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21176. [PMID: 21701587 PMCID: PMC3118807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) functions as a constitutive active form of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and activates multiple downstream signaling pathways similar to CD40 signaling in a ligand-independent manner. LMP1 expression in EBV-infected cells has been postulated to play an important role in pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, variable levels of LMP1 expression were detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. At present, the regulation of LMP1 levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is poorly understood. Here we show that LMP1 mRNAs are transcribed in an EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line (C666-1) and other EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells stably re-infected with EBV. The protein levels of LMP1 could readily be detected after incubation with proteasome inhibitor, MG132 suggesting that LMP1 protein is rapidly degraded via proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Interestingly, we observed that Id1 overexpression could stabilize LMP1 protein in EBV-infected cells. In contrary, Id1 knockdown significantly reduced LMP1 levels in cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that Id1 interacts with LMP1 by binding to the CTAR1 domain of LMP1. N-terminal region of Id1 is required for the interaction with LMP1. Furthermore, binding of Id1 to LMP1 suppressed polyubiquitination of LMP1 and may be involved in stabilization of LMP1 in EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pok Man Hau
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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46
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Sides MD, Block GJ, Shan B, Esteves KC, Lin Z, Flemington EK, Lasky JA. Arsenic mediated disruption of promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies induces ganciclovir susceptibility in Epstein-Barr positive epithelial cells. Virology 2011; 416:86-97. [PMID: 21605886 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML NBs) have been implicated in host immune response to viral infection. PML NBs are targeted for degradation during reactivation of herpes viruses, suggesting that disruption of PML NB function supports this aspect of the viral life cycle. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) has been shown to suppress EBV reactivation. Our finding that LMP1 induces PML NB immunofluorescence intensity led to the hypothesis that LMP1 may modulate PML NBs as a means of maintaining EBV latency. Increased PML protein and morphometric changes in PML NBs were observed in EBV infected alveolar epithelial cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Treatment with low dose arsenic trioxide disrupted PML NBs, induced expression of EBV lytic proteins, and conferred ganciclovir susceptibility. This study introduces an effective modality to induce susceptibility to ganciclovir in epithelial cells with implications for the treatment of EBV associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Sides
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Tang CE, Guan YJ, Yi B, Li XH, Liang K, Zou HY, Yi H, Li MY, Zhang PF, Li C, Peng F, Chen ZC, Yao KT, Xiao ZQ. Identification of the amyloid β-protein precursor and cystatin C as novel epidermal growth factor receptor regulated secretory proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by proteomics. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6101-11. [PMID: 20882990 DOI: 10.1021/pr100663p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is usually overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is associated with pathogenesis of NPC. However, while EGFR-modulated intracellular proteins have been extensively studied, little is known concerning their extracellular counterparts. To identify EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC, we compared the secretome profiles of TGF-α-stimulated and unstimulated NPC cell line CNE-2. CNE-2 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of TGF-α for 24 h, and secreted proteins were obtained from conditioned serum-free media and enriched by ultrafiltration centrifugation. Using 2-DE and subsequent mass spectrometry, we identified 16 differential secreted proteins, among which the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) was up-regulated and cystatin C was down-regulated after TGF-α stimulation. We further showed that the secretory changes of APP and cystatin C in CNE-2 after TGF-α stimulation could be abrogated by pretreatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 and PI3 kinase inhibitor Wortmannin, validating that APP and cystatin C are EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of EGFR was positively correlated with the expression level of APP and negatively correlated with the expression level of cystatin C in NPC tissues, indicating that EGFR also regulates expression of APP and cystatin C in clinical NPC tissues. Furthermore, functional analysis showed that the growth and migration of CNE-2 cells decreased after neutralization of secretory APP in the medium using the anti-APP antibody. Our data provide substantial evidence that APP and cystatin C are target secreted proteins of EGFR in NPC, and upregulation of secretory APP by EGFR may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-E Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Anti-invasion, anti-proliferation and anoikis-sensitization activities of lapatinib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1241-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Preclinical evaluation of sunitinib as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1123-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Hong B, Lui VWY, Hui EP, Lu Y, Leung HSY, Wong EYL, Cheng SH, Ng MHL, Mills GB, Chan ATC. Reverse phase protein array identifies novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:842-52. [PMID: 19879857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
YC-1 has recently been demonstrated to have potent anti-invasion and anti-metastatic activity in several cancer models, in addition to its anti-proliferation activity. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-invasion/anti-metastatic activity is largely unknown. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic head and neck cancer in Southeast Asia. Here, we demonstrated that YC-1 inhibited invasiveness and proliferation of NPC cells, with the latter being accompanied by PARP cleavage, S-phase arrest and activation of Chk1/Chk2. We aimed at identifying novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1 in NPC by a functional proteomic platform, the reverse phase protein array (RPPA). Our study revealed for the first time that multiple invasion-related signaling proteins (beta-catenin, caveolin, Src and EGFR), as well as several growth-related proteins (AMPKalpha, phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), HER-2 and mTOR), which were previously un-described signaling proteins altered by YC-1, were found to be down-modulated by YC-1 in NPC cells. We hypothesized that YC-1-mediated downregulation of these invasion proteins contributed to its anti-invasion activity in NPC cells. Overexpression of EGFR, activated Src or caveolin, but not beta-catenin reversed the inhibitory effects of YC-1 on NPC cell invasion, with EGFR and activated Src having additional effects on rescuing NPC cells from YC-1-mediated growth inhibition. In summary, we have identified several novel anti-invasion mechanisms of YC-1 that could impact NPC, and possibly other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Cancer Signaling Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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