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Saba KH, Difilippo V, Styring E, Nilsson J, Magnusson L, van den Bos H, Wardenaar R, Spierings DCJ, Foijer F, Nathrath M, Haglund de Flon F, Baumhoer D, Nord KH. CDK4 is co-amplified with either TP53 promoter gene fusions or MDM2 through distinct mechanisms in osteosarcoma. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:42. [PMID: 39322633 PMCID: PMC11424644 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the MDM2 and CDK4 genes on chromosome 12 is commonly associated with low-grade osteosarcomas. In this study, we conducted high-resolution genomic and transcriptomic analyses on 33 samples from 25 osteosarcomas, encompassing both high- and low-grade cases with MDM2 and/or CDK4 amplification. We discerned four major subgroups, ranging from nearly intact genomes to heavily rearranged ones, each harbouring CDK4 and MDM2 amplification or CDK4 amplification with TP53 structural alterations. While amplicons involving MDM2 exhibited signs of an initial chromothripsis event, no evidence of chromothripsis was found in TP53-rearranged cases. Instead, the initial disruption of the TP53 locus led to co-amplification of the CDK4 locus. Additionally, we observed recurring promoter swapping events involving the regulatory regions of the FRS2, PLEKHA5, and TP53 genes. These events resulted in ectopic expression of partner genes, with the ELF1 gene being upregulated by the FRS2 and TP53 promoter regions in two distinct cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Saba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Difilippo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Styring
- Department of Orthopedics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Children's Cancer Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Felix Haglund de Flon
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Basel Research Centre for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karolin H Nord
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Lin Y, Yuan K, Yang Y, Yang S, Huang K, Yu Z, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li H, Dong Y, Tang T. Osteosarocma progression in biomimetic matrix with different stiffness: Insights from a three-dimensional printed gelatin methacrylamide hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126391. [PMID: 37595702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on osteosarcoma and matrix stiffness are still mostly performed in a 2D setting, which is distinct from in vivo conditions. Therefore, the results from the 2D models may not reflect the real effect of matrix stiffness on cell phenotype. Here, we employed a 3D bioprinted osteosarcoma model, to study the effect of matrix stiffness on osteosarcoma cells. Through density adjustment of GelMA, we constructed three osteosarcoma models with distinct matrix stiffnesses of 50, 80, and 130 kPa. In this study, we found that osteosarcoma cells proliferated faster, migrated more actively, had a more stretched morphology, and a lower drug sensitivity in a softer 3D matrix. When placed in a stiffer matrix, osteosarcoma cells secrete more MMP and VEGF, potentially to fight for survival and attract vascular invasion. Transcriptomic analysis showed that matrix stiffness could impact the signaling pathway of integrin α5-MAPK. The transplantation of 3D printed models in nude mice showed that cells encapsulated in the softer hydrogel were more likely to form subcutaneous tumors. These results suggest that matrix stiffness plays an important role in the development of osteosarcoma in a 3D environment and that inhibition of integrin α5 could block the signal transduction of matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Taylor AM, Sun JM, Yu A, Voicu H, Shen J, Barkauskas DA, Triche TJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Man TK, Lau CC. Integrated DNA Copy Number and Expression Profiling Identifies IGF1R as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148036. [PMID: 35887382 PMCID: PMC9319262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor arising from bone-forming mesenchymal cells in children and adolescents. Despite efforts to understand the biology of the disease and identify novel therapeutics, the survival of osteosarcoma patients remains dismal. We have concurrently profiled the copy number and gene expression of 226 osteosarcoma samples as part of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures (SPECS) initiative. Our results demonstrate the heterogeneous landscape of osteosarcoma in younger populations by showing the presence of genome-wide copy number abnormalities occurring both recurrently among samples and in a high frequency. Insulin growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which binds IGF1 and IGF2 to activate downstream pathways involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation. We identify prevalent amplification of IGF1R corresponding with increased gene expression in patients with poor survival outcomes. Our results substantiate previously tenuously associated copy number abnormalities identified in smaller datasets (13q34+, 20p13+, 4q35-, 20q13.33-), and indicate the significance of high fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) expression in distinguishing patients with poor prognosis. FGFR2 is involved in cellular proliferation processes such as division, growth and angiogenesis. In summary, our findings demonstrate the prognostic significance of several genes associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Taylor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi M. Sun
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Horatiu Voicu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jianhe Shen
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
| | - Donald A. Barkauskas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | | | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ching C. Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.M.S.); (A.Y.); (J.S.); (T.-K.M.)
- Program of Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center-Bioinformatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-207-288-6000
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Llombart-Bosch A, Peydro-Olaya A, Carda C, Lopez-Gines C, Boix-Ferrero J, Pellin A. Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma Mimicking a Small Cell Sarcoma of Bone: A Nude Mice Xenograft, Cytogenetic, and Molecular Approach. Int J Surg Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/106689699800600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Small cell sarcomas of bone are difficult to classify and diagnose. The present case deals with such a tumor in which the original biopsy and the resected specimen, studied by histology before chemotherapy, provided no final information about its real nature. Thus several techniques were applied to discern its histogenesis and biology. Myogenin proved positive in isolated cells of the primary neoplasm but was extensively expressed in nude mice xenografts. Electron microscopy confirmed the existence of myofilaments. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a large number of chromo somal abnormalities, but not those found in the Ewing's/PNET (peripheral neuroectodermal tumor) family of tumors. This was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) wherein no EWS/Fli 1 or PAX3/FKHR gene rearrangements were detected. Based upon these studies, a rhabdomyosarcoma of bone was diagnosed. Clinically the neoplasm showed a highly aggressive behavior, causing death of the patient within 2 years after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Llombart-Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibafiez 17, E-46010-Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Pellin
- Department of Pathology, Medical School and Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
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Lamoureux F, Trichet V, Chipoy C, Blanchard F, Gouin F, Redini F. Recent advances in the management of osteosarcoma and forthcoming therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:169-81. [PMID: 17288528 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor and occurs mainly in young patients (average age: 18 years). No evolution of the survival rates has been recorded for two decades in response to current treatment, associating often toxic and badly tolerated cures of chemotherapy (given a significant rate of bad responders) with preserving surgery. Among the proposed innovative strategies, immune-based therapy, antiangiogenesis agents, tumor-suppressor or suicide gene therapy, or anticancer drugs not commonly used in osteosarcoma are presented. A further strategy is to target the tumor microenvironment rather than the tumor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lamoureux
- Université de Nantes, Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes cedex 1, France.
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Abstract
In this paper we provide an overview of benign and malignant osteogenic bone tumors. We describe the diagnostic features, radiographic findings, and pertinent ancillary studies needed to diagnose these bone-forming lesions. We begin with osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, which are histologically bland and eminently benign with rare possible exceptions. On the other end of the behavioral spectrum is osteosarcoma, which encompasses many subtypes ranging from high-grade osteogenic osteosarcoma to less overtly osteogenic lesions such as telangiectatic and small cell osteosarcoma. While classic osteogenic osteosarcoma can be easily recognized by its high grade morphology and formation of extracellular lace-like osteoid, its variants may pose diagnostic dilemmas as their differential diagnoses can include benign, fibrous, and vascular lesions, among others. Recognition of these variants is essential to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. In equivocal cases, some forms of osteosarcoma have shown molecular alterations that may prove diagnostically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery T Green
- Division of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Anne M Mills
- Division of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Recurrent chromosome 22 deletions in osteoblastoma affect inhibitors of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80725. [PMID: 24236197 PMCID: PMC3827481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastoma is a bone forming tumor with histological features highly similar to osteoid osteoma; the discrimination between the tumor types is based on size and growth pattern. The vast majority of osteoblastomas are benign but there is a group of so-called aggressive osteoblastomas that can be diagnostically challenging at the histopathological level. The genetic aberrations required for osteoblastoma development are not known and no genetic difference between conventional and aggressive osteoblastoma has been reported. In order to identify recurrent genomic aberrations of importance for tumor development we applied cytogenetic and/or SNP array analyses on nine conventional and two aggressive osteoblastomas. The conventional osteoblastomas showed few or no acquired genetic aberrations while the aggressive tumors displayed heavily rearranged genomes. In one of the aggressive osteoblastomas, three neighboring regions in chromosome band 22q12 were homozygously deleted. Hemizygous deletions of these regions were found in two additional cases, one aggressive and one conventional. In total, 10 genes were recurrently and homozygously lost in osteoblastoma. Four of them are functionally involved in regulating osteogenesis and/or tumorigenesis. MN1 and NF2 have previously been implicated in the development of leukemia and solid tumors, and ZNRF3 and KREMEN1 are inhibitors of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. In line with deletions of the latter two genes, high beta-catenin protein expression has previously been reported in osteoblastoma and aberrations affecting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been found in other bone lesions, including osteoma and osteosarcoma.
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8
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Salinas-Souza C, Oliveira ID, de Oliveira R, de Seixas Alves MT, Petrilli AS, Toledo SRC. Establishment and cytogenetic characterization of a cell line from a pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:347-53. [PMID: 22833358 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. In metastatic patients, the most common site of metastasis is the lung. There are relatively few cell lines of metastatic OS reported in the literature and the cytogenetic aspects of OS metastases are still controversial and inconclusive. Here we describe the establishment of a new OS cell line, M-OS, from a pulmonary metastasis of a typical osteoblastic OS of an 11-year-old boy with metastatic OS at diagnosis. M-OS cells have been maintained in culture for over 50 passages for more than 1 year. M-OS was characterized by immunohistochemistry, conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In order to evaluate in vitro cell modification, the immunohistochemical analysis was performed in three different moments of the cell line: 10th, 30th and 50th passages. The conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed the ploidy of M-OS cell line as near-diploid, with most metaphases hyperdiploid and tetraploid. We found a copy number gain of MDM2 gene as the most frequent alteration in the FISH analysis. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that M-OS cell line maintained the osteogenic nature even after all passages for the cell line establishment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salinas-Souza
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP/GRAACC/UNIFESP), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 743-8° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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Dujardin F, Binh MBN, Bouvier C, Gomez-Brouchet A, Larousserie F, Muret AD, Louis-Brennetot C, Aurias A, Coindre JM, Guillou L, Pedeutour F, Duval H, Collin C, de Pinieux G. MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcomas and other primary fibro-osseous lesions of the bone. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:624-37. [PMID: 21336260 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy that may be subdivided into two main subgroups on the basis of location in relation to the bone cortex, that is, parosteal osteosarcoma and low-grade central osteosarcoma. Their histological appearance is quite similar and characterized by spindle cell stroma with low-to-moderate cellularity and well-differentiated anastomosing bone trabeculae. Low-grade osteosarcomas have a simple genetic profile with supernumerary ring chromosomes comprising amplification of chromosome 12q13-15, including the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) gene region. Low-grade osteosarcoma can be confused with fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions such as fibromatosis and fibrous dysplasia on radiological and histological findings. We investigated MDM2-CDK4 immunohistochemical expression in a series of 72 low-grade osteosarcomas and 107 fibrous or fibro-osseous lesions of the bone or paraosseous soft tissue. The MDM2-CDK4 amplification status of low-grade osteosarcoma was also evaluated by comparative genomic hybridization array in 18 cases, and the MDM2 amplification status was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 31 cases of benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions. MDM2-CDK4 immunostaining and MDM2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were investigated in a control group of 23 cases of primary high-grade bone sarcoma, including 20 conventional high-grade osteosarcomas, two pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomas/malignant fibrous histiocytomas and one leiomyosarcoma. The results showed that MDM2 and/or CDK4 immunoreactivity was present in 89% of low-grade osteosarcoma specimens. All benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions and the tumors of the control group were negative for MDM2 and CDK4. These results were consistent with the MDM2 and CDK4 amplification results. In conclusion, immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 and CDK4 is specific and provides sensitive markers for the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcomas, helping to differentiate them from benign fibrous and fibro-osseous lesions, particularly in cases with atypical radio-clinical presentation and/or limited biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Dujardin
- Department of Pathology, Trousseau University Hospital and University François Rabelais, Tours Cedex 9, France
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Boehm AK, Neff JR, Squire JA, Bayani J, Nelson M, Bridge JA. Cytogenetic Findings in 36 Osteosarcoma Specimens and a Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15513810009168645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Fazza AC, Sabino FC, de Setta N, Bordin NA, da Silva EHT, Carareto CMA. Estimating genomic instability mediated by Alu retroelements in breast cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:25-31. [PMID: 21637642 PMCID: PMC3032955 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alu-PCR is a relatively simple technique that can be used to investigate genomic instability in cancer. This technique allows identification of the loss, gain or amplification of gene sequences based on the analysis of segments between two Alu elements coupled with quantitative and qualitative analyses of the profiles obtained from tumor samples, surgical margins and blood. In this work, we used Alu-PCR to identify gene alterations in ten patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. Several deletions and insertions were identified, indicating genomic instability in the tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Although not associated with specific genes, the alterations, which involved chromosomal bands 1p36.23, 1q41, 11q14.3, 13q14.2, occurred in areas of well-known genomic instability in breast and other types of cancer. These results indicate the potential usefulness of Alu-PCR in identifying altered gene sequences in breast cancer. However, caution is required in its application since the Alu primer can produce non-specific amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Fazza
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, São José Rio Preto, SPBrazil
| | - Flavia Cal Sabino
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, São José Rio Preto, SPBrazil
| | - Nathalia de Setta
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, São José Rio Preto, SPBrazil
| | - Newton Antonio Bordin
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina, São José do Rio Preto, SPBrazil
| | | | - Claudia Marcia Aparecida Carareto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio De Mesquita Filho, São José Rio Preto, SPBrazil
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Bispo Júnior RZ, Camargo OPD. Prognostic factors in the survival of patients diagnosed with primary non-metastatic osteosarcoma with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:1177-86. [PMID: 20037705 PMCID: PMC2797586 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009001200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of variables that determine the prognosis for osteosarcoma may enable stratification of patients into subgroups with better or worse risk of local recurrence, metastases and death due to the disease. Discovery of such prognostic factors would permit selection of a subgroup of at-risk patients, with the aim of improving the therapeutic effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic factors related to local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival among patients with highly malignant primary osteosarcoma that was non-metastatic on diagnosis and had poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SAMPLE AND METHODS Out of 45 patients admitted to a referral center in Brazil between 2000 and 2004, 24 were selected for this study. RESULTS The adverse factors that influenced the risk of local recurrence and the overall survival in univariate analysis were histological subtype other than osteoblastic (p = 0.017) and tumor size greater than 15 cm (p = 0.048). In relation to metastasis-free survival, the non-osteoblastic subtype had a worse prognosis (p = 0.007). The association of histological subtype maintained its significance in multivariate analysis for all studied survival categories. CONCLUSIONS Tumor size greater than 15 cm is an adverse factor for local recurrence-free survival and overall survival but did not influence metastasis-free survival. The osteosarcoma histological type is a significant independent predictor for local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival.
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Marella NRV, Zeitz MJ, Malyavantham KS, Pliss A, Matsui SI, Goetze S, Bode J, Raska I, Berezney R. Ladder-like amplification of the type I interferon gene cluster in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Chromosome Res 2008; 16:1177-92. [PMID: 19005637 PMCID: PMC2990676 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-008-1267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the type I interferon (IFN) gene cluster (9p21.3) was studied in a human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) showed an amplification of approximately 6-fold which ended at both ends of the gene cluster with a deletion that extended throughout the 9p21.3 band. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) combined with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) identified an arrangement of the gene cluster in a ladder-like array of 5-7 'bands' spanning a single chromosome termed the 'IFN chromosome'. Chromosome painting revealed that the IFN chromosome is derived from components of chromosomes 4, 8 and 9. Labelling with centromeric probes demonstrated a ladder-like amplification of centromeric 4 and 9 sequences that co-localized with each other and a similar banding pattern of chromosome 4, as well as alternating with the IFN gene clusters. In contrast, centromere 8 was not detected on the IFN chromosome. One of the amplified centromeric 9 bands was identified as the functional centromere based on its location at the chromosome constriction and immunolocalization of the CENP-C protein. A model is presented for the generation of the IFN chromosome that involves breakage-fusion-bridge events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Rao V. Marella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Michael J. Zeitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kishore S. Malyavantham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Artem Pliss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sei-ichi Matsui
- SKY Core Resource Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandra Goetze
- HZI, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research/Epigenetic Regulation, Inhoffenstr. 7, -38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juergen Bode
- HZI, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research/Epigenetic Regulation, Inhoffenstr. 7, -38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ivan Raska
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald Berezney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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14
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Gillette JM, Gibbs CP, Nielsen-Preiss SM. Establishment and characterization of OS 99-1, a cell line derived from a highly aggressive primary human osteosarcoma. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:87-95. [PMID: 18247100 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-007-9075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common form of primary bone cancer. In this study, we established a human osteosarcoma cell line (OS 99-1) from a highly aggressive primary tumor. G-banding karyotype analysis demonstrated a large number of clonal abnormalities, as well as extensive intercellular heterogeneity. Through the use of immunologic, molecular, and biochemical analyses, we characterized protein and gene expression profiles confirming the osteogenic nature of the cells. Further evaluation indicated that OS 99-1 cells maintain the capacity to differentiate in an in vitro mineralization assay as well as form tumors in the in vivo chicken embryo model. This cell line provides a useful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to osteosarcoma and may have the potential to serve as a culture system for studies involving bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Gillette
- NICHD, Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Selvarajah S, Yoshimoto M, Park PC, Maire G, Paderova J, Bayani J, Lim G, Al-Romaih K, Squire JA, Zielenska M. The breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle as a mechanism for generating genetic heterogeneity in osteosarcoma. Chromosoma 2006; 115:459-67. [PMID: 16897100 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-006-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by chromosomal instability and high copy number gene amplification. The breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle is a well-established mechanism of genome instability in tumors and in vitro models used to study the origins of complex chromosomal rearrangements and cancer genome amplification. To determine whether the BFB cycle could be increasing the de novo rate of formation of cytogenetic aberrations in OS, the frequency of anaphase bridge configurations and dicentric chromosomes in four OS cell lines was quantified. An increased level of anaphase bridges and dicentrics was observed in all the OS cell lines. There was also a strong association between the frequencies of anaphase bridges, dicentrics, centrosomal anomalies, and multipolar mitotic figures in all the OS cell lines, indicating a possible link in the mechanisms that led to the structural and numerical instabilities observed in OS. In summary, this study has provided strong support for the role of the BFB cycle in generating the extensive structural chromosome aberrations, as well as cell-to-cell cytogenetic variation observed in OS, thus conferring the genetic diversity for OS tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Selvarajah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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16
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Kato H, Inoue T, Asanoma K, Nishimura C, Matsuda T, Wake N. Induction of human endometrial cancer cell senescence through modulation of HIF-1α activity by EGLN1. Int J Cancer 2005; 118:1144-53. [PMID: 16161047 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous observations indicate that transfer of human chromosome (chr.) 1 induces senescence of endometrial cancer cells. To identify the gene(s) responsible for the senescence, we first analyzed the structural integrity of the introduced chr. 1 in immortal revertant from chr.1-transferred HHUA cells. The data demonstrated a correlation between nonrandom deletions within the 1q31-qter region and reversion to immortality. Next, by using a panel of 12 microsatellite markers, we found high frequencies of loss of heterozygosity in the particular 1q region (1q41-42), in surgically removed samples. Then, we screened the genetic mutation of the genes involved in this region, with endometrial cancer panel. Among them, EGLN1, that is a member of prolyl hydroxylase and can facilitate HIF-1 degradation by ubiquitination through the hydroxylation of HIF-1, was mutated at significantly higher frequencies (12/20, 60%). Introduction of wild-type EGLN1 into endometrial cancer cell lines (HHUA, Ishikawa and HWCA), that carry EGLN1 gene mutations induced senescence. This was invoked through the negative regulation of HIF-1 expression. In addition, alternative way of negative regulation of HIF-1 by Factor inhibiting HIF-1(FIH), SiRNA against HIF-1, and HIF-1 inhibitor, YC-1, could also induce senescence. Thus, EGLN1 can be considered as a candidate tumor suppressor on chr. 1q, and our observation could open the new aspect in exploring the machinery of senescence induction associated with HIF-1 signal transduction. These results also suggested the availability of negative regulation of HIF-1 signals for uterine cancer treatment, especially for uterine sarcomas that have worse prognosis and show a high frequency of EGLN1 gene abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Tsurumihara 4546, Beppu City, Oita 874-0838, Japan.
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17
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Gil Z, Fliss DM, Voskoboinik N, Leider-Trejo L, Spektor S, Yaron Y, Orr-Urtreger A. Cytogenetic analysis of three variants of clival chordoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:124-30. [PMID: 15474147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 02/11/2004] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm derived from remnants of the embryonal notochord. The tumor arises in the sacrococcygeal region in most cases. Cytogenetic information on clival chordomas is scarce due to the low incidence of these tumors. In this study, we applied the G-banding and spectral karyotyping techniques to compare the karyotypes of three variants of clival chordoma: conventional, chondroid, and dedifferentiated. We describe a normal karyotype of a chondroid chordoma and a complex karyotype of a conventional chordoma involving chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, 19, 20, and X. The cytogenetic analysis of the dedifferentiated chordoma showed a polyploid complex karyotype of 71-123 chromosomes with double minutes that originated from chromosome 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Gil
- Skull Base Surgery Unit, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
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18
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Narita M, Nomura J, Nakase M, Inui M, Murata T, Hamaguchi Y, Tagawa T. Characterization of the human mandibular osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line HOSM-2 after long-term culture. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:742-50. [PMID: 15172645 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have been subculturing a human mandible-derived osteosarcoma cell line (HOSM-2) for approximately 15 years, and have compared the characters of early generations, which did not exhibit tumorigenicity, to those in the later generations. The shape and doubling time of the cells did not change during long-term culture. The number of chromosomes, however, changed from 59-81 in the 6th generation (modal number: 70) to 54-59 (modal number: 56 and 57), and the chromosomal structure also changed. In addition, the cell line in the later generations showed tumorigenicity in nude mice, and Codon 306 of the p53 gene was mutated to a stop codon due to a point mutation. HOSM-2 cells expressed osteoblast markers, thus confirming them to be osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. These results showed that changes in certain genes in the HOSM-2 cells led to tumorigenicity in nude mice following long-term culture. In addition, as a mandible-derived cell line with characteristics different from those of limb-derived osteosarcoma cell lines, HOSM-2 cells may be a valuable model for mandibular osteosarcoma and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Narita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, 514-8507, Japan.
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19
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Henriksen J, Aagesen TH, Maelandsmo GM, Lothe RA, Myklebost O, Forus A. Amplification and overexpression of COPS3 in osteosarcomas potentially target TP53 for proteasome-mediated degradation. Oncogene 2003; 22:5358-61. [PMID: 12917637 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In sarcomas, the TP53 tumour suppressor pathway may be altered either by TP53 mutations or by amplification of MDM2, encoding a protein that inhibits TP53 and targets it for 26S-proteasome degradation. However, in the majority of the analysed clinical samples, neither of these types of aberrations are found, suggesting that additional mechanisms are involved. The present study shows that COPS3, located in 17p11 and encoding a component of the proteasome pathway, is more frequently amplified in osteosarcomas (OS) than is MDM2. We present detailed analysis of TP53 mutations and MDM2 and COPS3 expression levels in a set of 23 OS. Our results show that none of the tumours with COPS3 amplification had MDM2 amplification nor TP53 mutations, consistent with the hypothesis that one of the three aberrations is sufficient. The results suggest that inactivation of otherwise intact TP53 by aberrations in the proteasome pathway may contribute to the characteristic aneuploidy observed in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Henriksen
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Sandberg AA, Bridge JA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors: osteosarcoma and related tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Entz-Werle N, Schneider A, Kalifa C, Voegeli AC, Tabone MD, Marec-Berard P, Marcellin L, Pacquement H, Terrier P, Boutard P, Meyer N, Gaub MP, Lutz P, Babin A, Oudet P. Genetic alterations in primary osteosarcoma from 54 children and adolescents by targeted allelotyping. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1925-31. [PMID: 12799638 PMCID: PMC2741103 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the only recognised prognostic factor for primary osteosarcoma is the histological response to preoperative chemotherapy. Our study was designed to identify new diagnostic markers that could eventually have a prognostic value. A total of 54 patients under 20 years of age with primary osteosarcomas were studied while under treatment by the French Society of Paediatric Oncology OS 94 protocol. Paired normal and biopsy samples were collected. In addition, surgical resection specimens, following preoperative chemotherapy, were obtained in 13 cases. After genomic DNA extraction, an allelotyping analysis targeting microsatellites linked to Rb and p53 genes, and 9p21, 7q31 and 5q21 regions was performed. In all, 94% of the samples at diagnosis showed allelic imbalance and the biopsies were highly rearranged except for the microsatellite targeting 7q31. The same panel was highly informative at surgical resection. Microsatellites investigating Rb, p53 and the 9p21 region were particularly altered without a significant correlation with prognosis. On the other hand, the alteration of the 7q31 locus at diagnosis was significantly correlated with a worse prognosis and a new frequently altered locus, 5q21, was described. In conclusion, this panel allowed us to characterise paediatric osteosarcomas. Correlation of prognosis with the altered 7q31 region could be a useful tool and further studies are required to confirm the importance of 5q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Entz-Werle
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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22
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Lau CC, Harris CP, Lu XY, Perlaky L, Gogineni S, Chintagumpala M, Hicks J, Johnson ME, Davino NA, Huvos AG, Meyers PA, Healy JH, Gorlick R, Rao PH. Frequent amplification and rearrangement of chromosomal bands 6p12-p21 and 17p11.2 in osteosarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 39:11-21. [PMID: 14603437 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant bone neoplasm of children and young adults. It is characterized by chaotic karyotypes with complex marker chromosomes. We applied a combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques including comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to decipher the chromosomal complexity in a panel of 25 tumors. Combined SKY and G-banding analysis identified several novel recurrent breakpoint clusters and 9 nonrecurrent reciprocal translocations. CGH identified several recurrent chromosomal losses including 2q, 3p, 9, 10p, 12q, 13q, 14q, 15q, 16, 17p, and 18q, gains including Xp, Xq, 5q, 6p, 8q, 17p, and 20q, and high-level chromosomal amplifications at Xp11.2, 1q21-q22, 4p11, 4q12, 5p15, 6p12.1, 8q13, 8q23, 10q11, 10q22, 11q13, 11q23, 12q13-q14, 13q21-q34, 16q22, 17p11.2, 17q21-q22, 18q22, 20p11.2, and 20q12. Frequent amplification and rearrangement involving chromosomal bands at 6p12-p21 and 17p11.2 were found in 28% and 32% of cases, respectively. In an attempt to identify the genes involved in these amplicons, we used three nonoverlapping BAC clones contained within each amplicon as probes for FISH analysis, leading to a more detailed characterization and quantification of the 6p and 17p amplicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching C Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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23
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Lossos IS, Natkunam Y, Levy R, Lopez CD. Apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP2) expression differs in diffuse large B-cell and follicular center lymphoma: correlation with clinical outcome. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:2309-17. [PMID: 12613517 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ASPP2 interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53, promotes damage-induced apoptosis, and can specifically stimulate p53 apoptotic function. Thus, ASPP2 may function as a tumor suppressor and/or play a role in the cellular response to cytotoxic injury. To explore the role of ASPP2 in human cancer, we determined ASPP2 expression in two lymphoma subtypes with differing clinical outcomes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular center lymphoma (FCL). A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect ASPP2 mRNA. Sixty-one DLBCL and twenty-three FCL cases were analyzed and normalized ASPP2 levels were expressed relative to an mRNA standard. We found that ASPP2 mean expression strongly correlated with lymphoma subtype: DLBCL = 11.74 and FCL = 4.99 (p = 0.029, unpaired 2-tailed t-test). Importantly, ASPP2 expression was variable in DLBCL but not FCL (DLBCL-range, 0.04-94.6; FCL-range, 1.2-15.0). In these DLBCL cases, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was an independent predictor of survival with median survival in the high LDH group of 24 months and median survival not achieved in the normal-low LDH group (p = 0.014, Log-Rank Test). Mean ASPP2 levels trended toward an inverse correlation with LDH levels: High LDH, ASPP2 = 6.2; Normal-low LDH, ASPP2 = 18.2 (p = 0.074, unpaired 2-tailed t-test). In the DLBCL cases with ASPP2 levels > 7.8, only 10% (1/10) had a high LDH, in contrast to cases with ASPP2 levels < 7.8 in which 59% (26/44) had a high LDH (p = 0.011, Fisher Exact Test). Thus, low ASPP2 mRNA levels may correlate with poor clinical outcome in lymphoma which is consistent with the hypothesis that ASPP2 may play a role in tumor formation and/or sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. Larger studies as well as analysis of different tumor types are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/etiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/mortality
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Izidore S Lossos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Ragland BD, Bell WC, Lopez RR, Siegal GP. Cytogenetics and molecular biology of osteosarcoma. J Transl Med 2002; 82:365-73. [PMID: 11950895 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Ragland
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
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25
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Gisselsson D, Pålsson E, Höglund M, Domanski H, Mertens F, Pandis N, Sciot R, Dal Cin P, Bridge JA, Mandahl N. Differentially amplified chromosome 12 sequences in low- and high-grade osteosarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 33:133-40. [PMID: 11793439 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most osteosarcomas are highly aggressive malignancies characterized by a complex pattern of chromosome abnormalities. However, a subgroup of low-grade, parosteal tumors exhibits a relatively simple aberration pattern dominated by ring chromosomes carrying amplified material from chromosome 12. To assess whether sequences from this chromosome were differentially amplified in low- and high-grade osteosarcomas, copy numbers of the CCND2, ETV6, KRAS2, and D12S85 regions in 12p and the MDM2 region in 12q were evaluated by interphase or metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 24 osteosarcomas. Amplification of MDM2 was detected in all five low-grade and four high-grade osteosarcomas, all of which showed ring chromosomes. An overrepresentation of 12p sequences was found in 1/5 low-grade and in 9/19 high-grade tumors. Multicolor single-copy FISH analysis of metaphase cells from six high-grade tumors showed that extra 12p material either occurred together with MDM2 in ring chromosomes or was scattered over the genome as a result of complex structural rearrangements. Most tumors (8/10) not containing amplification of the assessed chromosome 12 loci exhibited a nondiploid pattern at evaluation with probes for centromeric alpha satellite sequences. These findings indicate that gain of sequences from the short arm of chromosome 12 could be a possible genetic pathway in the development of aggressive osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gisselsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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26
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Menghi-Sartorio S, Mandahl N, Mertens F, Picci P, Knuutila S. DNA copy number amplifications in sarcomas with homogeneously staining regions and double minutes. CYTOMETRY 2001; 46:79-84. [PMID: 11309816 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To identify DNA amplifications in sarcomas, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 27 cases that were likely to display high-level DNA copy number gains. In all cases, chromosome banding analysis had revealed homogeneously staining regions or double minutes, i.e., cytogenetic signs of gene amplification. In most cases, gains predominated over losses. Low-level amplifications (ratio 1.3:1.5) were seen in 20 cases. High-level amplifications (ratio >1.5) exceeded the frequencies seen in published, unselected sarcomas of similar histotypes and were detected in 16 tumors: 4/4 osteosarcomas, 5/8 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 3/7 leiomyosarcomas, 1/2 myosarcomas, 0/1 liposarcoma, 0/1 rhabdomyosarcoma, 1/1 pleomorphic sarcoma, 0/1 myxofibrosarcoma, 1/1 malignant mesenchymona, and 1/1 malignant schwannoma, with two to four chromosomal regions involved in nine tumors. Recurrent amplifications involved 1p33-p32, 5p15-p14, 7pter-p12, 7q21-qter, 8q21.3-qter, 11q22-q23, 16p13.2-p12, 19q12-q13.1, 20q11.2-qter, and 22q12-q13. Most of the recurrent gains/amplifications we detected have been reported in sarcomas previously. A novel gain/amplification was seen at 2q14.3-q21 in five cases of four sarcoma types. The disparate pattern of amplified sequences, the poor correspondence between the localization of low- and high-level amplifications, and the chromosomal position of homogeneously staining regions suggest the involvement of many genes in the amplifications and that the genes rarely maintain their native position in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Menghi-Sartorio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Baruffi MR, Volpon JB, Neto JB, Casartelli C. Osteoid osteomas with chromosome alterations involving 22q. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 124:127-31. [PMID: 11172903 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis was performed in two osteoid osteomas. In both, the modal chromosome number was 46. One of the cases presented a del(22)(q13.1) as the sole clonal chromosome alteration. The other had clonal monosomies of chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 17, 19, and 21, as well as a +del(22)(q13.1) was detected as a non-clonal chromosome alteration. There is only one osteoid osteoma reported so far showing clonal karyotypic alterations. The cytogenetic behavior of osteoid osteomas described here was different from that of the osteoid osteoma of the literature. Numerical alterations of chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 17, 19, 21 and 22 have been described in several neoplasias including bone tumors. The breakpoint of chromosome 22 involves a region where important genes for the regulation of the cell cycle have been mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Baruffi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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28
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Anbari KK, Ierardi-Curto LA, Silber JS, Asada N, Spinner N, Zackai EH, Belasco J, Morrissette JD, Dormans JP. Two primary osteosarcomas in a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000:213-23. [PMID: 10986997 DOI: 10.1097/00003086-200009000-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poikilodermatous skin changes that develop in infancy. Associated manifestations include juvenile cataracts, sparse hair, short stature, skeletal defects, dystrophic nails and teeth, and hypogonadism. An increased incidence of malignancy, including osteosarcoma, has been reported in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. The molecular basis of the disorder is not known. This report describes a patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome in whom two primary osteosarcomas developed 12 years apart. The presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma in this patient with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome are described. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of peripheral blood and skin fibroblasts had low level mosaicism for trisomy of chromosomes 2 and 8. Although several patients have been described with mosaic trisomy 8 and i(2q) (mosaic isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 2), the patient described here is the first to have mosaic trisomy for the entire chromosomes 2 and 8. The cytogenetic findings in this patient are consistent with an underlying defect in chromosomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Anbari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA
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29
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Mertens F, Larramendy M, Gustavsson A, Gisselsson D, Rydholm A, Brosjö O, Mitelman F, Knuutila S, Mandahl N. Radiation-associated sarcomas are characterized by complex karyotypes with frequent rearrangements of chromosome arm 3p. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2000; 116:89-96. [PMID: 10640139 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-known risk factor for sarcoma development. To investigate whether radiation-associated sarcomas are characterized by chromosome aberrations that distinguish them from de novo sarcomas, we identified those patients in our series of more than 500 cytogenetically abnormal sarcomas that fulfilled the following criteria: (1) each patient should have been irradiated for another malignancy at least 3 years prior to the sarcoma diagnosis, and (2) the sarcoma should have developed within the field of radiation. Ten patients fulfilling these criteria could be retrieved (median age at sarcoma diagnosis was 55 years, range 17-79; median latency period between primary tumor and radiation-associated sarcoma was 9 years, range 4-30). The diagnoses were typical for radiation-associated sarcomas: 2 each of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, and pleomorphic sarcoma, and 1 each of osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, and spindle cell sarcoma. All 10 cases had relatively complex karyotypes with multiple, mostly unbalanced, structural rearrangements, similar to what has been reported in de novo sarcomas of the corresponding histologic subtypes. The only cytogenetic features that were unusually frequent among the radiation-associated sarcomas were the finding of unrelated clones in 3 cases, and loss of material from chromosome arm 3p, in particular 3p21-3pter, in 8 cases. Loss of the same chromosome segment has been described in 4 of the 8 previously published cases of radiation-associated sarcomas that have been analyzed after short-term culturing, which makes this imbalance significantly (P < 0.001) more frequent among radiation-associated sarcomas (12 of 18 cases) than among unselected cases of the corresponding histologic subtypes (74 of 282 cases). In contrast to the cytogenetic results, no 3p deletions were detected among the 6 cases of the present series that could be analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most frequent imbalance detected by CGH was gain of 15cen-q15 (3 cases), followed by loss of chromosome 13 and gain of 5p, and 7cen-q22, each detected in 2 cases.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/radiation effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/radiation effects
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Sarcoma/genetics
- X Chromosome/genetics
- X Chromosome/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Chauveinc L, Dutrillaux AM, Validire P, Padoy E, Sabatier L, Couturier J, Dutrillaux B. Cytogenetic study of eight new cases of radiation-induced solid tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 114:1-8. [PMID: 10526528 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced tumors were selected according to the criteria defined by Cahan (1948) for sarcomas. Cell cultures and/or xenografts in nude mice were performed with biopsies obtained from second primary tumors. Karyotypes of eight tumors were established after R-banding. After comparison with literature data on 15 other cases, two distinct cytogenetic patterns could be distinguished. One was characterized by polyclonal karyotypes, of which a large proportion were simple and carriers of balanced translocations. Another one was characterized by monoclonal chromosome alterations observed in highly aneuploid and complex karyotypes, in which many deletions were observed. These two different patterns could be related to the modality of metaphase harvesting. Polyclonal karyotypes were preferentially observed after long-term cultures, and monoclonal karyotypes after short-term cultures or xenografts. The following scheme of radiation oncogenesis is proposed: a) induction of recessive gene mutations including that of tumor suppressor genes; b) accumulation of genomic alterations in the irradiated tissue with aging, including deletions or mutations of normal alleles from mutated tumor suppressor genes; and c) loss of tumor suppressor gene function and initiation of a multistage tumor development and progression. Polyclonal abnormalities are assumed to exist in noncancerous cells which acquired radiation-induced chromosome aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chauveinc
- Service de Radiothérapie A, CNRS-Institut Curie LRC No. 4 CEA, Paris, France
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31
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Simons A, Schepens M, Forus A, Godager L, van Asseldonk M, Myklebost O, van Kessel AG. A novel chromosomal region of allelic loss, 4q32-q34, in human osteosarcomas revealed by representational difference analysis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199910)26:2<115::aid-gcc3>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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32
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Angervall L, Persson S, Stenman G, Kindblom LG. Large cell, epithelioid, telangiectatic osteoblastoma: a unique pseudosarcomatous variant of osteoblastoma. Hum Pathol 1999; 30:1254-9. [PMID: 10534176 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A previously undescribed large-cell, epithelioid, and aneurysmal variant of osteoblastoma with minimal osteoid-production--simulating telangiectatic osteosarcoma, epithelioid angiosarcoma, and metastatic carcinoma is reported. The tumor occurred in the mandible of a 14-year-old girl. The light microscopic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, cell proliferation, and DNA-ploidy studies, as well as the 7-year disease-free follow-up period all indicate a benign osteoblastic tumor. Cytogenetically, the tumor had a pseudodiploid karyotype, distinguished by a complex t(1;5;17;22) and a terminal 1q deletion. Recognition of this unique, pseudomalignant variant of osteoblastoma is important to avoid an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Angervall
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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33
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Humphrey GM, Brown I, Squire R, Cullinane C, Picton SV. Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma--a rare pediatric malignancy: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1025-8. [PMID: 10392928 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(99)90783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic sarcoma rarely occurs in soft tissues and generally affects individuals beyond the second decade of life. METHODS The authors report a rare case of an extra osseous osteogenic sarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum of an adolescent, review the literature, and outline the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy, using drugs used in managing bony osteosarcomas, is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneal sarcomas may simulate ovarian teratomas. Careful consideration of the differential diagnosis of large cystic abdominal masses in adolescent females when size precludes adequate assessment of tumor mobility and imaging fails to demonstrate the ovaries is essential if these rare tumors are to be managed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Humphrey
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
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34
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Murata H, Kusuzaki K, Hirasawa Y, Ashihara T, Abe T, Inazawa J. Relationship between chromosomal aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA ploidy by cytofluorometry in osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 1999; 139:221-6. [PMID: 10395182 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the chromosomal aberrations and DNA ploidy in the interphase nuclei of seven human osteosacomas was preformed by double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA cytofluorometry. The FISH study of the numerical aberrations in chromosomes 1 and 17 or the structural aberrations in chromosome arm 1p or 17p was carried out by using four locus specific DNA markers, with one pair consisting of 1q12 and 1p36 and the other pair consisting of the 17 cemtromere and 17p13.3. There was no significant differences in the percentage of deletions in chromosome 1 and 17 between osteosarcomas and normal tissues. However, all seven tumors studied had extra copies. Cells with more than three probe signals were regarded as having chromosome polysomy. The percentage of polysomy of chromosome 1 was 20.0-64.0%, and chromosome 17 was 28.0-60.0%. The DNA ploidy patterns of hyperdiploid cells showing a greater DNA content than diploid cells were obtained by DNA cytoflurometry. Five of the seven tumors were non-diploid, and the remaining two were diploid. The percentage of polysomy was correlated with the percentage of hyperdiploid cells in each tumor. Thus, these findings indicated that the DNA ploidy changes were closely correlated with aberrations in the chromosome copy number in osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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35
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Isfort RJ, Cody DB, Lovell GJ, Gioeli D, Weissman BE, Doersen CJ. Analysis of oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, and chromosomal alterations in HeLa � osteosarcoma somatic cell hybrids. Mol Carcinog 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2744(199905)25:1<30::aid-mc4>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Grubb G, Hoctor V, Venter D, Choong P. Inversion (6)(p23q15) as the sole anomaly in a low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 109:70-1. [PMID: 9973963 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the finding of an inversion (6)(p23q15) as the sole anomaly in short-term cultures from an intraosseous low-grade osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grubb
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institution, Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Murata H, Kusuzaki K, Takeshita H, Hirasawa Y, Ashihara T, Abe T, Inazawa J. Aberrations of chromosomes 1 and 17 in six human osteosarcoma cell lines using double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 107:7-10. [PMID: 9809027 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of six human osteosarcoma cell lines was performed by using double-target fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was applied to interphase nuclei, not to metaphase chromosomes. In this study, numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1 and 17 or structural chromosomal aberrations of chromosome arm 1p or 17p, in which it has been suggested that there are one or more tumor suppressor genes in various malignant tumors, were examined with this technique. All six of the human osteosarcoma cell lines studied had extra copies of chromosomes 1 and 17. A high frequency of deletions (> 60%) in chromosome 1 was found in two cell lines and deletions of chromosome 17 were found in one cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murata
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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38
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Keung YK, Cobos E, Tonk V, Morgan D. Translocation (1;22) in refractory anemia and the prognostic significance of karyotypic abnormalities in refractory anemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 106:72-5. [PMID: 9772913 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with myelodysplastic syndromes are deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7 and trisomy 8. Reciprocal translocation is relatively uncommon in refractory anemia. We describe a case of refractory anemia associated with trisomy 8 and a derivative chromosome 22 resulting from t(1;22)(q11;q11.2). The diseases and the role of the various genes that are mapped to these breakpoints are discussed. The prognostic significance of karyotypic abnormalities in refractory anemia are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Keung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430, USA
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39
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Miozzo M, Castorina P, Riva P, Dalprà L, Fuhrman Conti AM, Volpi L, Hoe TS, Khoo A, Wiegant J, Rosenberg C, Larizza L. Chromosomal instability in fibroblasts and mesenchymal tumors from 2 sibs with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Int J Cancer 1998; 77:504-10. [PMID: 9679749 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<504::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with increased risk of mesenchymal tumors. The putative gene has been provisionally assigned to chromosome 8. Using a cytogenetic-molecular approach, we studied lymphocytes, fibroblasts, osteosarcoma (OS) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) from 2 affected fraternal twins, looking for constitutive markers of chromosome instability and tumor chromosomal changes which might reflect the common genetic background. The rate of spontaneous chromosome aberrations was not increased in lymphocytes. Conversely, karyotyping of primary fibroblasts from one sib evidenced chromosome breaks and both numerical and structural chromosome changes in 24% and 17% of the metaphases respectively. FISH of a 8q21.3 cosmid allowed us to detect trisomy of the target region on 7% of fibroblast nuclei from both sibs, 47% and 12% of OS and MFH cells. Pronounced chromosomal instability and clonal rearrangements leading to different chromosome-8 derivatives were detected in both tumors. CGH experiments showed multiple gains/losses, among which del(6q), also revealed by cytogenetics, and 7p gain were common, whereas 8q amplification was present only in OS. Chromosomal instability, observed in fibroblasts from the RTS patients studied, accounts for the increased risk of mesenchymal tumors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miozzo
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Italy
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40
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Nielsen GP, Burns KL, Rosenberg AE, Louis DN. CDKN2A gene deletions and loss of p16 expression occur in osteosarcomas that lack RB alterations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1998; 153:159-63. [PMID: 9665476 PMCID: PMC1852953 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas often suffer mutations of the RB (retinoblastoma) gene, with resultant inactivation of the pRb protein. pRb is one component in a cell-cycle control pathway that includes the p16 (encoded by the CDKN2A gene) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4, encoded by the CDK4 gene) proteins. We therefore sought to determine whether the CDKN2A and CDK4 genes were altered in those osteosarcomas that lacked RB inactivation. Twenty-one osteosarcomas (2 low-grade and 19 high-grade) were evaluated for homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A gene, CDK4 amplification, and allelic loss of the RB gene, as well as for expression of p16 and pRb proteins. Five high-grade osteosarcomas showed loss of p16 expression; four of these had homozygous CDKN2A deletions, and the fifth had a probable deletion obscured by numerous nonneoplastic, p16-immunopositive multinucleated giant cells. Thus, p16 immunohistochemistry may provide a sensitive means for assessing CDKN2A status. Twelve tumors (including the two low-grade osteosarcomas) were immunopositive for pRb, and nine tumors were immunonegative for pRb. Of the five cases with CDKN2A/p16 alterations, none had allelic loss of the RB gene and all expressed pRb, suggesting that each of these tumors had an intact RB gene. None of the tumors showed CDK4 amplification. No alterations were detected in the two low-grade osteosarcomas. This study suggests that CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor inactivated in osteosarcomas that lack RB mutations and that the p16-pRb cell-cycle control pathway is deregulated in a large number of high-grade osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Nielsen
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology and Neurosurgical Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
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41
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Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of bone tumours: with special emphasis on definitive treatment of primary malignant bone tumours based on FNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0968-6053(98)80012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dome
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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43
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Rund D, Ben-Neriah S, Yehuda O, Leizerowitz R, Okon E, Polliack A. De novo acute myeloid leukemia with near-pentaploidy: diploid karyotype and lymphoblastic phenotype at relapse. Leuk Lymphoma 1997; 25:585-91. [PMID: 9250831 DOI: 10.3109/10428199709039048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperploidy is a rare finding in leukemias, with isolated cases of tetraploidy reported in acute myeloblastic and acute lymphblastic leukemias. We report the first case of acute myeloid leukemia with near-pentaploidy (5 n+/-) which was present in 100% of metaphases at diagnosis. By light microscopy, the leukemic blasts were exceptionally large and coarsely granulated. Following one cycle of induction chemotherapy, complete morphologic and cytogenetic remission was documented. Four weeks later relapse occured, at which time the karyotype was diploid and the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics were those of a lymphoid leukemia. However, the presence of three aberrant chromosomes (5q+, 6q+ and 20q+) confirmed that this was clonal evolution of the original myeloid leukemia. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report of near-pentaloidy in de novo, pretreatment human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rund
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah University Hospital and the Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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44
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Bridge JA, Nelson M, McComb E, McGuire MH, Rosenthal H, Vergara G, Maale GE, Spanier S, Neff JR. Cytogenetic findings in 73 osteosarcoma specimens and a review of the literature. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 95:74-87. [PMID: 9140456 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in several histologic subtypes of sarcomas. Characterization of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities has provided direction for molecular investigations of pathogenetically important genes. Cytogenetic reports of osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, are relatively rare. In this study, 73 osteosarcoma specimens from 51 patients were cytogenetically analyzed following short-term culture. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 47 and included one haploid specimen, 18 near-diploid specimens, 17 near-triploid, 8 near-tetraploid, 1 near-hexaploid, and 2 specimens with multiple clones of different ploidy levels. Examination of the present data and previously published data (111 clonally abnormal osteosarcoma specimens) reveals that chromosomal bands or regions 1p11-13, 1q10-12, 1q21-22, 11p15, 12p13, 17p12-13, 19q13, and 22q11-13 are most frequently rearranged and the most common numerical abnormalities are +1, -9, -10, -13, and -17. Partial or complete loss of the long arm of chromosome 6 also was seen in all cases of the present study and all previously published cases describing structural abnormalities of 6q. Parosteal osteosarcoma, a prognostically favorable osteosarcoma subtype, was characterized by the presence of a ring chromosome accompanied by no or few other abnormalities. Complex karyotypes were seen nearly exclusively in the high-grade lesions. These findings indicate that specific chromosomal bands and/or regions are nonrandomly involved in osteosarcoma and may provide useful clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bridge
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-5440, USA
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45
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Geurts van Kessel A, dos Santos NR, Simons A, de Bruijn D, Forus A, Fodstad O, Myklebost O, Balemans M, Baats E, Olde Weghuis D, Suijkerbuijk RF, van den Berg E, Molenaar WM, de Leeuw B. Molecular cytogenetics of bone and soft tissue tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 95:67-73. [PMID: 9140455 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Geurts van Kessel
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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46
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Nilbert M. Molecular and cytogenetics of soft tissue sarcomas. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1997; 273:60-7. [PMID: 9057589 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.1997.11744704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and cytogenetically soft tissue sarcomas are a well-characterized tumor entity with several tumor type specific changes understood also at the molecular level. Most likely, additional characteristic alterations will be detected, recurrent aberrations characterized at the molecular level, new clinical and histopathological correlations will be found, and little is known about how the genetic changes lead to tumor formation, promote progression and sometimes give tumor cells the ability to recur locally or distantly. The possibility to detect cells with these acquired genetic alterations may increase the reproducibility of tumor classification, yields promising possibilities for early diagnosis of tumor recurrences and/or metastasis, and may allow development of therapeutic regimens targeted at the genetically alterated cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nilbert
- Department of Oncology and Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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47
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Choong PF, Rydholm A, Mertens F, Mandahl N. Musculoskeletal oncology--advances in cytogenetics and molecular genetics and their clinical implications. Acta Oncol 1997; 36:245-54. [PMID: 9208892 DOI: 10.3109/02841869709001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although musculoskeletal malignancies comprise a small group of cancers, a vast number of histological subtypes have been identified attesting to the heterogeneity of this class of tumours and the growing interest in their development. The mode of management for both bone and soft tissue sarcomas has been examined extensively and treatment guidelines have been proposed. Despite the intensive study and multidisciplinary treatment, a substantial proportion of tumours remain recalcitrant to therapy and recur locally and systemically. Improved methods of characterising these tumours may help in understanding their biology. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques allow a subcellular dissection of these malignancies which may aid the identification of mechanisms that are important in tumorigenesis. Already candidate genes have been isolated which may play an important role in the deregulation of proliferation and or the adoption of a malignant phenotype, features which are fundamental in tumour development. By studying the molecular biology and cytogenetics of tumours it may be possible to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy thereby minimising over and under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Choong
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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48
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López-Ginés C, Carda-Batalla C, López-Terrada L, Llombart-Bosch A. Presence of double minutes and monosomy 17p in xenografted human osteosarcomas. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 90:57-62. [PMID: 8780749 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(96)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of 8 cases of xenografted human osteosarcomas are reported, including six newly diagnosed and two recurrent tumors. Histologically five were osteoblastic, two were chondroblastic, and one was the microcellular type. All tumors were studied in short-term primary cultures between two and six days. Clonal and nonclonal abnormalities were present in the eight cases; four had a chromosome number in the hypotriploid range, two in the hyperdiploid, one in the hypodiploid, and one in the hypertetraploid range. All cases had complex karyotypes and the recognizable structural rearrangements clustered to chromosome arms 1p, 1q, 3p, 5p, 6q, 11p, 13p, 14p, 15q, 16p, 16q, 20q, 21p, and 22q. Seven cases presented double monosomy 17 and six tumors showed double minutes (dmin) or a homogeneously staining region (hsr). This fact has been described recently and its relation with the amplification of the MDM2 gene observed in osteosarcomas is as yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- C López-Ginés
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Hospital, Medical School, University of Valencia, Spain
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49
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Akerman M, Dreinhöfer K, Rydholm A, Willén H, Mertens F, Mitelman F, Mandahl N. Cytogenetic studies on fine-needle aspiration samples from osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1996; 15:17-22. [PMID: 8807247 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199607)15:1<17::aid-dc5>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The preoperative multidrug chemotherapy of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma patients requires a reliable diagnosis. There are several advantages with obtaining the diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and cytologic examination. Although cytologic criteria have been defined, adjunctive methods such as cytogenetic analysis are valuable to support the diagnosis. We have cytogenetically analyzed FNAs from 18 primary bone sarcomas (six osteosarcomas and 12 Ewing's sarcomas). Two of the osteosarcomas showed abnormal, complex karyotypes seen in most highly-malignant osteosarcomas. Seven Ewing's sarcoma aspirates displayed abnormal karyotypes; five of these had the characteristic 11;22 translocation, and in one of these cases molecular genetic analysis revealed the hybrid EWS/FLI1 transcript. Since only two of six osteosarcomas showed clonal changes, chromosomal analysis of FNAs from suspected osteosarcoma seems to be of limited value, but may in some cases support the diagnosis of high-grade malignancy. In Ewing's sarcomas, however, the finding of an 11;22 translocation was valuable and strongly supported the cytologic diagnosis. As shown in one case, the material obtained by FNA is sufficient for cytologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akerman
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Szymanska J, Mandahl N, Mertens F, Tarkkanen M, Karaharju E, Knuutila S. Ring chromosomes in parosteal osteosarcoma contain sequences from 12q13-15: a combined cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1996; 16:31-4. [PMID: 9162194 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199605)16:1<31::aid-gcc4>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven parosteal osteosarcoma (POS) samples, six of which were cytogenetically characterized, were studied by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). All samples showed DNA sequence copy number changes (mean, six aberrations/tumor; range, 1-13); gains were more frequent than losses. Gain of 12q13-15 sequences was found in every tumor and correlated with the presence of ring chromosomes. High-level amplification, which was detected in four tumors, was seen only in chromosome 12, with 12q13-14 as the minimal common region. By using chromosome painting, one of the rings of one case was shown to be composed entirely of chromosome 12 material. Together with previous data, our findings show that gain of 12q13-15 sequences is a characteristic feature of POS and that these sequences are contained within the ring chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szymanska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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