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Bispo DSC, Correia M, Carneiro TJ, Martins AS, Reis AAN, de Carvalho ALMB, Marques MPM, Gil AM. Impact of Conventional and Potential New Metal-Based Drugs on Lipid Metabolism in Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17556. [PMID: 38139388 PMCID: PMC10743680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the mechanisms of action of conventional drugs, cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and the potentially less deleterious drug Pd2Spermine (Spm) and its Pt(II) analog, against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, using nuclear-magnetic-resonance metabolomics of the cellular lipidome. The Pt(II) chelates induced different responses, namely regarding polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (increased upon cisplatin), suggesting that cisplatin-treated cells have higher membrane fluidity/permeability, thus facilitating cell entry and justifying higher cytotoxicity. Both conventional drugs significantly increased triglyceride levels, while Pt2Spm maintained control levels; this may reflect enhanced apoptotic behavior for conventional drugs, but not for Pt2Spm. Compared to Pt2Spm, the more cytotoxic Pd2Spm (IC50 comparable to cisplatin) induced a distinct phospholipids profile, possibly reflecting enhanced de novo biosynthesis to modulate membrane fluidity and drug-accessibility to cells, similarly to cisplatin. However, Pd2Spm differed from cisplatin in that cells had equivalent (low) levels of triglycerides as Pt2Spm, suggesting the absence/low extent of apoptosis. Our results suggest that Pd2Spm acts on MG-63 cells mainly through adaptation of cell membrane fluidity, whereas cisplatin seems to couple a similar effect with typical signs of apoptosis. These results were discussed in articulation with reported polar metabolome adaptations, building on the insight of these drugs' mechanisms, and particularly of Pd2Spm as a possible cisplatin substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. C. Bispo
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Marlene Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Tatiana J. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Ana S. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Aliana A. N. Reis
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Maria P. M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
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Ma YS, Peng SF, Wu RSC, Chueh FS, Huang WW, Chen PY, Kuo CL, Huang AC, Liao CL, Hsia TC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin suppresses human osteosarcoma U‑2 OS cell migration and invasion via affecting the PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:210. [PMID: 36222295 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of human osteosarcoma (OS) shows a difficult‑to‑treat clinical scenario and results in decreased quality of life and diminished survival rates. Finding or developing novel treatments to improve the life quality of patients is urgent. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a natural product, was obtained from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and exerts antitumor activities in numerous human cancer cell lines. At present, there is no study showing BDMC effects on OS cell migration and invasion. In the present study, the effects of BDMC on cell migration and invasion of OS U‑2 OS cells were investigated in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by flow cytometric and MTT assays, respectively. Cell motility, MMP‑2 and ‑9 activity, and cell migration and invasion were assayed by scratch wound healing, gelatin zymography, and Transwell chamber assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were measured by western blotting. BDMC at 20 and 40 µM significantly reduced total cell viability, and BDMC at 5 and 10 µM significantly inhibited cell motility in U‑2 OS cells. BDMC significantly suppressed the activities of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 in U‑2 OS cells. BDMC suppressed cell invasion and migration after 24 h treatment in U‑2 OS cells, and these effects were in a dose‑dependently manner. Results from western blotting indicated that BDMC significantly decreased the protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/NF‑κB, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and MAPK pathway in U‑2 OS cells. Furthermore, BDMC inhibited uPA, MMP‑2, MMP‑9, MMP‑13, N‑cadherin, VE‑cadherin, and vimentin but increased E‑cadherin in U‑2 OS cells. Based on these observations, it was suggested that BDMC may be a potential candidate against migration and invasion of human OS cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post‑Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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El-Newehy MH, Kim HY, Khattab TA, Abdulhameed MM, El-Naggar ME. Fabrication, microstructure characterization, and degradation performance of electrospun mats based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3 hydroxyvalerate)/polyethylene glycol blend for potential tissue engineering. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:323-331. [PMID: 34871472 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been strong demands for nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning for various fields due to their various advantages. Electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) fibre mats were prepared. The effects of processing variables as well as the inclusion of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the morphologies of generated fibres were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The average fibrous diameter was monitored in the range 400-3000 nm relying on the total content of PEG. The fluorescence cell imaging of electrospun mats was also explored. The results of cell viability demonstrated that skin fibroblast BJ-1 cells showed different adhesions and growth rates for the three kinds of PHBV fibres. Electrospun PHBV mats with low amount of PEG offer a high-quality medium for cell growth. Therefore, those mats exhibited high potential for soft tissue engineering, in particular wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hak Yong Kim
- Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tawfik A Khattab
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meera Moydeen Abdulhameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Sapino S, Chindamo G, Chirio D, Manzoli M, Peira E, Riganti C, Gallarate M. Calcium Phosphate-Coated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Potential Tool in Bone Diseases Therapy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11112983. [PMID: 34835747 PMCID: PMC8625061 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bone diseases (including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancer) often results in reduced efficiency and/or adverse reactions due to the fact that it is not specifically targeted to the site of action. The employment of a suitable carrier should increase drug location to the site of bone disease. The purpose of this study is to prepare and characterize lipid nanoparticles (NPs) coated with calcium phosphate (CaP-NPs). A coating method, to date used only to obtain liposomes covered with CaP, is herein partially-modified to prepare CaP-coated lipid NPs. An extensive physico-chemical characterization was achieved by employing several techniques (DLS, SEM and TEM, and both combined with EDS, XRD, and FTIR) that confirmed the feasibility of the developed coating method. Preliminary uptake studies on human osteosarcoma cells (U-2OS) were performed by entrapping, as a lipid probe, Sudan Red III in NPs. The obtained data provided evidence that CaP-NPs showed higher cell accumulation than uncoated NPs. This result may have important implications for the development of drug loaded CaP-NPs to be tested in vitro with a view of planning future treatment of bone diseases, and indicate that CaP-NPs are potential vehicles for selective drug delivery to bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sapino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Giulia Chindamo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Chirio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.R.); Tel.: +39-011-6707167 (D.C.); +39-011-6705857 (C.R.)
| | - Maela Manzoli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Elena Peira
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (C.R.); Tel.: +39-011-6707167 (D.C.); +39-011-6705857 (C.R.)
| | - Marina Gallarate
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.S.); (G.C.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.G.)
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Martins AS, Batista de Carvalho ALM, Marques MPM, Gil AM. Response of Osteosarcoma Cell Metabolism to Platinum and Palladium Chelates as Potential New Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:4805. [PMID: 34443394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the first metabolomics study of the impact of new chelates Pt2Spm and Pd2Spm (Spm = Spermine) on human osteosarcoma cellular metabolism, compared to the conventional platinum drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin, in order to investigate the effects of different metal centers and ligands. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics was used to identify meaningful metabolite variations in polar cell extracts collected during exposure to each of the four chelates. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin induced similar metabolic fingerprints of changing metabolite levels (affecting many amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, choline compounds and other compounds), thus suggesting similar mechanisms of action. For these platinum drugs, a consistent uptake of amino acids is noted, along with an increase in nucleotides and derivatives, namely involved in glycosylation pathways. The Spm chelates elicit a markedly distinct metabolic signature, where inverse features are observed particularly for amino acids and nucleotides. Furthermore, Pd2Spm prompts a weaker response from osteosarcoma cells as compared to its platinum analogue, which is interesting as the palladium chelate exhibits higher cytotoxicity. Putative suggestions are discussed as to the affected cellular pathways and the origins of the distinct responses. This work demonstrates the value of untargeted metabolomics in measuring the response of cancer cells to either conventional or potential new drugs, seeking further understanding (or possible markers) of drug performance at the molecular level.
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Lu YC, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. Action of the insecticide cyfluthrin on Ca 2+ signal transduction and cytotoxicity in human osteosarcoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1268-1276. [PMID: 32314600 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120918298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. The effect of cyfluthrin on Ca2+-related physiology in human osteosarcoma is unclear. This study investigated the effect of cyfluthrin on cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Cyfluthrin concentration-dependently induced [Ca2+]i rises. Cyfluthrin-induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by the Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Cyfluthrin at concentrations of 10-100 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Cyfluthrin (100 μM) induced Mn2+ influx suggesting Ca2+ entry. Cyfluthrin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited 50% by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and inhibitor (GF109203X) and also by three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels: nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) completely inhibited cyfluthrin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with cyfluthrin abolished TG-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with 1-[6-[((17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5[10]-trien-17-yl)amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dion abolished cyfluthrin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Cyfluthrin at 25-65 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Together, in MG63 cells, cyfluthrin induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Cyfluthrin also caused Ca2+-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung
| | - C-C Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung
| | - L-J Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical and Technology, Tainan
| | - C-T Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi City, Chiayi County
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi City, Chiayi County
| | - C-R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
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Parfenova LV, Lukina ES, Galimshina ZR, Gil’fanova GU, Mukaeva VR, Farrakhov RG, Danilko KV, Dyakonov GS, Parfenov EV. Biocompatible Organic Coatings Based on Bisphosphonic Acid RGD-Derivatives for PEO-Modified Titanium Implants. Molecules 2020; 25:E229. [PMID: 31935900 PMCID: PMC6982944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, significant attention is attracted to the problem of the development of the specific architecture and composition of the surface layer in order to control the biocompatibility of implants made of titanium and its alloys. The titanium surface properties can be tuned both by creating an inorganic sublayer with the desired morphology and by organic top coating contributing to bioactivity. In this work, we developed a composite biologically active coatings based on hybrid molecules obtained by chemical cross-linking of amino acid bisphosphonates with a linear tripeptide RGD, in combination with inorganic porous sublayer created on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). After the addition of organic molecules, the PEO coated surface gets nobler, but corrosion currents increase. In vitro studies on proliferation and viability of fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells showed the significant dependence of the molecule bioactivity on the structure of bisphosphonate anchor and the linker. Several RGD-modified bisphosphonates of β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric and ε-aminocaproic acids with BMPS or SMCC linkers can be recommended as promising candidates for further in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (E.S.L.); (Z.R.G.); (G.U.G.)
| | - Elena S. Lukina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (E.S.L.); (Z.R.G.); (G.U.G.)
| | - Zulfia R. Galimshina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (E.S.L.); (Z.R.G.); (G.U.G.)
| | - Guzel U. Gil’fanova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (E.S.L.); (Z.R.G.); (G.U.G.)
| | - Veta R. Mukaeva
- Department of Theoretical Basis of Electrical Engineering, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 Karl Marx Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (V.R.M.); (R.G.F.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Ruzil G. Farrakhov
- Department of Theoretical Basis of Electrical Engineering, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 Karl Marx Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (V.R.M.); (R.G.F.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Ksenia V. Danilko
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin Street, 450000 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Grigory S. Dyakonov
- Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 Karl Marx Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Evgeny V. Parfenov
- Department of Theoretical Basis of Electrical Engineering, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, 12 Karl Marx Street, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (V.R.M.); (R.G.F.); (E.V.P.)
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Liao WC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Hao LJ, Kuo CC, Lin KL, Wang JL, Jan CR. Exploration of Niflumic Acid’s Action on Ca²⁺ Movement and Cell Viability in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2018; 61:341-348. [PMID: 30580504 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2018.bah635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niflumic acid, a drug used for joint and muscular pain, affected Ca²⁺ signaling in different
models. However, the effect of niflumic acid on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and Ca²⁺-related physiology
in human osteosarcoma cells is unknown. This study examined the effect of niflumic acid on
cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Intracellular Ca²⁺
concentrations in suspended cells were monitored by using the fluorescent Ca²⁺-sensitive dye fura-
2. Cell viability was examined by using 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-
1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1). In MG63 cells, niflumic acid at
concentrations of 250-750 μM evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. Niflumic acid-evoked
Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺-induced quenching of fura-2 fluorescence. This entry
was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol
12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA), but was not affected by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca²⁺-
free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG)
inhibited niflumic acid-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with niflumic acid abolished TG-evoked
[Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also partly reduced niflumic
acid-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Niflumic acid killed cells at 200-500 μM in a concentration-dependent
fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid/
AM (BAPTA/AM) did not reverse niflumic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest
that in MG63 cells, niflumic acid induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from
the endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca²⁺ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Niflumic
acid also induced Ca²⁺-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chuan Liao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lyh-Jyh Hao
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ko-Long Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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He G, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Yong L, Liu X, Wang P, Liang C, Yang C, Zhao Z, Hai B, Pan X, Liu Z, Liu X, Mao C. Cross Talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Contributes to ZnO Nanoparticle-Induced Human Osteosarcoma Cell Death. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800332. [PMID: 29900694 PMCID: PMC6310009 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Killing osteosarcoma cells by zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and its underlying subcellular mechanism are never studied. Here, it is found that the NPs induce cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, which leads to osteosarcoma cell death. Specifically, the NP uptake promotes autophagy by inducing accumulation of autophagosomes along with impairment of lysosomal functions. The autophagy further causes the uptaken NPs to release zinc ions by promoting their dissolution. These intracellular zinc ions, together with those that are originally released from the extracellular NPs and flowed into the cells, collectively target and damage mitochondria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then the ROS inhibit cell proliferation by arresting S phase and trigger apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, ultimately leading to cell death. More importantly, suppression of the early stage autophagy restores cell viability by abolishing apoptosis whereas blockade of the late stage autophagy inversely enhances apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis shows a limited ability to restore cell viability but obviously enhance autophagy. Notably, cell viability is strongly ameliorated by the combination of inhibitors for both the late stage autophagy and the apoptosis. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the NP-directed autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping He
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- The Center for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bao Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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10
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Han Z, Li Q, Sun S, Zhao W, Shi L. Inactivated Sendai virus strain Tianjin induces apoptosis and autophagy through reactive oxygen species production in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4179-4190. [PMID: 30146726 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sendai virus strain Tianjin, a novel genotype of Sendai virus, has been proven to possess potent antitumor effect on certain cancer cell types although inactivated by ultraviolet (UV). This study was carried out to investigate the in vitro anticancer properties of UV-inactivated Sendai virus strain Tianjin (UV-Tianjin) on human osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Our studies demonstrated UV-Tianjin significantly inhibited the viability of human osteosarcoma cell lines and triggered apoptosis through activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in MG-63 cells. Meanwhile, autophagy occurred in UV-Tianjin-treated cells. Blockade of autophagy with 3-methyladenine remarkably attenuated the inhibition of cell proliferation by UV-Tianjin, suggesting that UV-Tianjin-induced autophagy may be contributing to cell death. Furthermore, UV-Tianjin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was involved in the execution of MG-63 cell apoptosis and autophagy, as evidenced by the result that treatment of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, attenuated both apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, inhibition of apoptosis promoted autophagy, whereas suppression of autophagy attenuated apoptosis. Our results suggest that UV-Tianjin triggers apoptosis and autophagic cell death via generation of the ROS in MG-63 cells, which might provide important insights into the effectiveness of novel strategies for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuya Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Emergency & General Department, Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Qin T, Lu XT, Li YG, Liu Y, Yan W, Li N, Sun YY. Effect of Period 2 on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of osteosarcoma cells, and the corresponding mechanisms. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2668-2674. [PMID: 30013663 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Period 2 (per2) is a core circadian clock gene. Dysregulation of the per2 gene has been identified in a number of types of human cancer and may be associated with a poor prognosis. To confirm the influence of per2 gene on MNNG/HOS human osteosarcoma cells, small interfering (si)RNA against per2 or plasmids containing per2 were transfected into MNNG/HOS cells, and the proliferation, apoptosis and migration were observed. The present study demonstrated that per2 knockdown significantly enhanced MNNG/HOS cell proliferation and migration and protected MNNG/HOS cells from apoptosis. Per2 overexpression inhibited MNNG/HOS cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and Bcl-2 were inhibited in per2-overexpressing cells, while the expression of p27, p21 and cleaved caspase-3 was promoted. In contrast, the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 was promoted in per2-knockdown cells, and p27, p21 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. This initial study may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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12
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Fu CY, Tseng YS, Chen MC, Hsu HH, Yang JJ, Tu CC, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Doxorubicin induces ZAKα overexpression with a subsequent enhancement of apoptosis and attenuation of survivability in human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:191-197. [PMID: 29105997 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant cancer of the bone. It exhibits a characteristic malignant osteoblastic transformation and produces a diseased osteoid. A previous study demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy decreases human OS cell proliferation and might enhance the relative RNA expression of ZAK. However, the impact of ZAKα overexpression on the OS cell proliferation that is inhibited by DOX and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect are not yet known. ZAK is a protein kinase of the MAPKKK family and functions to promote apoptosis. In our study, we found that ZAKα overexpression induced an apoptotic effect in human OS cells. Treatment of human OS cells with DOX enhanced ZAKα expression and decreased cancer cell viability while increasing apoptosis of human OS cells. In the meantime, suppression of ZAKα expression using shRNA and inhibitor D1771 both suppressed the DOX therapeutic effect. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the DOX effect on human OS cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZAKα enhances the apoptotic effect and decreases cell viability in DOX-treated human OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yao Fu
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Department, Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Nursing and Management College, Mackay Medicine, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, 41152, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Lu YC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Jan CR. Effect of Methoxsalen on Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Viability in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2017. [PMID: 28629211 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.baf482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methoxsalen is a natural compound found in many seed plants. The effect of methoxsalen on Ca²⁺-
related physiology in human osteosarcoma is unclear. This study investigated the effect of methoxsalen
on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Methoxsalen induced
[Ca²⁺]i rises concentration-dependently. Methoxsalen-induced Ca²⁺ entry was confirmed by Mn²⁺-induced
quench of fura-2 fluorescence. This Ca²⁺ entry was suppressed by nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365.
In Ca²⁺-free medium, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
(BHQ) inhibited methoxsalen-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises by 96%. In contrast, incubation
with methoxsalen abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122
abolished methoxsalen-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Methoxsalen was cytotoxic at 300-700 μM in a concentration-dependent
fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca²⁺ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic
acid/acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent methoxsalen-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest
that in MG63 cells, methoxsalen induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the
endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca²⁺ entry via store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Methoxsalen also induced Ca²⁺-
disassociated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chau Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and
Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and
Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051,
Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
81362, Taiwan, Republic of China
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14
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Tübel J, Kuntz L, Marthen C, Schmitt A, Wiest I, VON Eisenhart-Rothe R, Jeschke U, Burgkart R. Methylation of the ER-alpha Promoter Is Influenced by its Ligand Estrogen in Osteosarcoma Cells SAOS-2 In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3199-3204. [PMID: 27272849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aggressive fast-growing osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. The relevance of estrogen as a key player in bone metabolism and bone tumor is well-known. At the molecular level, estrogen activates the estrogen receptor α (ERα) as a natural ligand of this receptor. ERα acts as a transcription factor by binding to the "estrogen response element" (ERE) and regulates the expression of a various number of genes. Epigenetic processes, e.g. the methylation of the "cytosine-phosphatidyl-guanine (CpG) islands" can change the transcription of target genes and subsequently the protein expression. As DNA methylation is generally associated with gene transcription repression, up until now little is known about the ERα methylation in osteosarcoma cells. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the methylation status of ERα in osteosarcoma cells SAOS-2 and MG 63 after stimulation with estrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS SAOS-2 and MG 63 cells were cultured in DMEM. After treatment with 10 nmol estrogen (E2) for 24 h, the expression of ERα was detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC). As controls we used untreated cells. Staining was evaluated semi-quantitatively by the immunoreactive score of Remmele and Stegner (IRS). To determine mRNA gene expression, extracted RNA was transcribed into c-DNA and a quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out. The semi quantitative evaluation of the ERα mRNA was based on the 2(-ΔΔct) method using untreated cells as reference control. One microgram of each extracted genomic DNA sample was converted with bisulfite and a real-time methylation-specific PCR (rt-MSP) was performed. RESULTS The estrogen-stimulated SAOS-2 cells showed a significant increase of ERα expression. A 7-fold up-regulation of ERα mRNA confirmed the results of immunocytochemistry. Methylation of the ERα promoter was not detected in treated cells. In contrast, we identified methylation of the ERα promoters in untreated cells. The staining of MG 63 cells showed a weak gain of ERα expression in the stimulated cells, as well as a weak increase of the ER-α mRNA (2-fold). Methylation of the ERα promoters was not detectable in either treated or untreated cells. CONCLUSION The methylation status of ERα in osteosarcoma cells is affected by estrogen. These findings indicate that epigenetic changes of genomic DNA regulate ERα synthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that SAOS-2 cells can be an interesting model for further investigating ERα synthesis. In addition, the evaluation of ERα methylation in osteosarcoma specimens is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Tübel
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Kuntz
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Marthen
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitt
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Department of Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmi Wiest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger VON Eisenhart-Rothe
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Burgkart
- Clinic of Orthopedics and Sportorthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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