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Milesi P, Baldelli Bombelli F, Lanfrancone L, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Metrangolo P, Terraneo G. Structural Insights on the Role of Halogen Bonding in Protein MEK Kinase-Inhibitor Complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301033. [PMID: 38501888 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Kinases are enzymes that play a critical role in governing essential biological processes. Due to their pivotal involvement in cancer cell signaling, they have become key targets in the development of anti-cancer drugs. Among these drugs, those containing the 2,4-dihalophenyl moiety demonstrated significant potential. Here we show how this moiety, particularly the 2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl one, is crucial for the structural stability of the formed drug-enzyme complexes. Crystallographic analysis of reported kinase-inhibitor complex structures highlights the role of the halogen bonding that this moiety forms with specific residues of the kinase binding site. This interaction is not limited to FDA-approved MEK inhibitors, but it is also relevant for other kinase inhibitors, indicating its broad relevance in the design of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Milesi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Laboratory of Innovative approaches for tissue engineering and drug delivery, Joint Research Platform "ONCO-TECH LAB - Modeling and Applications for Human Health", Politecnico di Milano - IEO "European Institute of Oncology", IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Laboratory of Innovative approaches for tissue engineering and drug delivery, Joint Research Platform "ONCO-TECH LAB - Modeling and Applications for Human Health", Politecnico di Milano - IEO "European Institute of Oncology", IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Laboratory of Innovative approaches for tissue engineering and drug delivery, Joint Research Platform "ONCO-TECH LAB - Modeling and Applications for Human Health", Politecnico di Milano - IEO "European Institute of Oncology", IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
- Laboratory of Innovative approaches for tissue engineering and drug delivery, Joint Research Platform "ONCO-TECH LAB - Modeling and Applications for Human Health", Politecnico di Milano - IEO "European Institute of Oncology", IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
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Sharp JA, Jones D, Rotow JK, Fidias PM, Bertino E, Owen DH. Response to Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib in a Patient With an Uncommon Activating BRAF Mutation: A First in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:e247009. [PMID: 38479107 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2024.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in BRAF are present in 4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), of which half are well-characterized activating variants affecting codon 600 (classified as class I). These mutations, most commonly BRAF V600E, have been associated with response to BRAF/MEK-directed small molecule kinase inhibitors. NSCLC with kinase-activating BRAF mutations occurring at other codons (class II variants) represent a substantial portion of BRAF-mutated NSCLC, but use of targeted therapy in these tumors is still under investigation. Class II mutations have been described in other tumor types and have been associated with response to BRAF/MEK-targeted agents, although optimal treatment strategies for these patients are lacking. This report presents a case of a woman with metastatic NSCLC harboring a class II BRAF p.N486_P490del variant who had a sustained clinical response to combination therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. This first report of the use of BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy for this variant in NSCLC supports consideration of such treatment for tumors with class II BRAF variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sharp
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel Jones
- 2Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Panos M Fidias
- 4Massachusetts General Cancer Center at Exeter Hospital, Exeter, NH
| | - Erin Bertino
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- 5Columbus Oncology and Hematology Associates, Columbus, OH
| | - Dwight H Owen
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone tumor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert important roles in the pathogenesis of human cancers, including OS. In this study, the authors focused on the role and mechanism of circRNA signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 1 (circ_SIPA1L1) in OS. Methods: The enrichment of SIPA1L1, circ_SIPA1L1, microRNA-379-5p (miR-379-5p), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 (MAP3K9) was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The colony formation capacity was assessed through colony formation assay. Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities. Western blot assay was used to measure the expression of metastasis-related proteins and MAP3K9. The target interactions between the genes in circ_SIPA1L1/miR-379-5p/MAP3K9 axis were predicted by StarBase and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo role of circ_SIPA1L1 was verified by murine xenograft assay. Results: Circ_SIPA1L1 abundance was aberrantly elevated in OS tissues and cell lines. Circ_SIPA1L1 accelerated the proliferation and metastasis abilities of OS cells. Circ_SIPA1L1 promoted the malignant behaviors of OS cells through elevating MAP3K9 level. MiR-379-5p directly bound to circ_SIPA1L1 and MAP3K9. MiR-379-5p interference rescued the abilities of proliferation and metastasis in OS cells, which were suppressed by the silencing of circ_SIPA1L1. Circ_SIPA1L1 promoted the development of OS via miR-379-5p/MAP3K9 in vivo. Conclusion: Circ_SIPA1L1 promoted the progression of OS via miR-379-5p/MAP3K9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jun
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics II Ward and Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Li Xuhong
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Liu Hui
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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Sun Y, Jin Y. An intraflagellar transport dependent negative feedback regulates the MAPKKK DLK-1 to protect cilia from degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302801120. [PMID: 37722038 PMCID: PMC10523469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized organelles supporting the development and function of cells and organisms. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for cilia formation, maintenance, and function. In C. elegans ciliated sensory neurons, IFT interacts with signaling molecules to generate distinct morphological and function features and also to maintain the integrity of cilia. Here, we report an IFT-dependent feedback control on the conserved MAPKKK DLK-1 in the ciliated sensory neurons. DLK proteins are widely known to act in synapse formation, axon regeneration, and degeneration, but their roles in other neuronal compartments are understudied. By forward genetic screening for altered expression of the endogenously tagged DLK-1 we identified multiple ift mutants showing increased DLK-1 accumulation in the defective sensory endings. We show that in response to acute IFT disruption, DLK-1 accumulates rapidly and reversibly. The expression levels of the transcription factor CEBP-1, known to act downstream of DLK-1 in the development and maintenance of synapses and axons, are also increased in the ciliated sensory neurons of ift mutants. Interestingly, the regulation of CEBP-1 expression shows sensory neuron-type dependency on DLK-1. Moreover, in the sensory neuron AWC, which has elaborate cilia morphology, up-regulated CEBP-1 represses DLK-1 at the transcription level, thereby dampening DLK-1 accumulation. Last, the IFT-dependent regulatory loop of DLK-1 and CEBP-1 offers neuroprotection in a cilia degeneration model. These findings uncover a surveillance mechanism in which tight control on the DLK-1 signaling protects cilia integrity in a context-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yishi Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
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Huang T, Suzuki K, Kunitomo H, Tomioka M, Iino Y. Multiple p38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways mediate salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad129. [PMID: 37310929 PMCID: PMC10468299 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals are able to adapt their behaviors to the environment. In order to achieve this, the nervous system plays integrative roles, such as perception of external signals, sensory processing, and behavioral regulations via various signal transduction pathways. Here genetic analyses of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) found that mutants of components of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, also known as stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling pathways, exhibit various types of defects in the learning of salt chemotaxis. C. elegans homologs of JNK MAPKKK and MAPKK, MLK-1 and MEK-1, respectively, are required for avoidance of salt concentrations experienced during starvation. In contrast, homologs of p38 MAPKKK and MAPKK, NSY-1 and SEK-1, respectively, are required for high-salt chemotaxis after conditioning. Genetic interaction analyses suggest that a JNK family MAPK, KGB-1, functions downstream of both signaling pathways to regulate salt chemotaxis learning. Furthermore, we found that the NSY-1/SEK-1 pathway functions in sensory neurons, ASH, ADF, and ASER, to regulate the learned high-salt chemotaxis. A neuropeptide, NLP-3, expressed in ASH, ADF, and ASER neurons, and a neuropeptide receptor, NPR-15, expressed in AIA interneurons that receive synaptic input from these sensory neurons, function in the same genetic pathway as NSY-1/SEK-1 signaling. These findings suggest that this MAPK pathway may affect neuropeptide signaling between sensory neurons and interneurons, thus promoting high-salt chemotaxis after conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoruo Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kunitomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Zhao P, Mondal S, Martin C, DuPlissis A, Chizari S, Ma KY, Maiya R, Messing RO, Jiang N, Ben-Yakar A. Femtosecond laser microdissection for isolation of regenerating C. elegans neurons for single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat Methods 2023; 20:590-599. [PMID: 36928074 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of nerve regeneration can be enhanced by delineating its underlying molecular activities at single-neuron resolution in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. Existing cell isolation techniques cannot isolate neurons with specific regeneration phenotypes from C. elegans. We present femtosecond laser microdissection (fs-LM), a single-cell isolation method that dissects specific cells directly from living tissue by leveraging the micrometer-scale precision of fs-laser ablation. We show that fs-LM facilitates sensitive and specific gene expression profiling by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), while mitigating the stress-related transcriptional artifacts induced by tissue dissociation. scRNA-seq of fs-LM isolated regenerating neurons revealed transcriptional programs that are correlated with either successful or failed regeneration in wild-type and dlk-1 (0) animals, respectively. This method also allowed studying heterogeneity displayed by the same type of neuron and found gene modules with expression patterns correlated with axon regrowth rate. Our results establish fs-LM as a spatially resolved single-cell isolation method for phenotype-to-genotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sudip Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chris Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew DuPlissis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shahab Chizari
- Deparment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke-Yue Ma
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rajani Maiya
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Deparment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Xie J, Klemsz MJ, Kacena MA, Sandusky G, Zhang X, Kaplan MH. Inhibition of MEK signaling prevents SARS-CoV2-induced lung damage and improves the survival of infected mice. J Med Virol 2022; 94:6097-6102. [PMID: 36030555 PMCID: PMC9538266 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 500 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been recorded, with six million deaths. Thus, reducing the COVID-19-related medical burden is an unmet need. Despite a vaccine that is successful in preventing COVID-19-caused death, effective medication to relieve COVID-19-associated symptoms and alleviate disease progression is still in high demand. In particular, one in three COVID-19 patients have signs of long COVID syndrome and are termed, long haulers. At present, there are no effective ways to treat long haulers. In this study, we determine the effectiveness of inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) signaling in preventing SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage in mice. We showed that phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, a marker for MEK activation, is high in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissues of mice and humans. We also showed that selumetinib, a specific inhibitor of the upstream MEK kinases, reduces cell proliferation, reduces lung damage following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and prolongs the survival of the infected mice. Selumetinib has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat cancer. Further analysis indicates that amphiregulin, an essential upstream molecule, was upregulated following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggest that MEK signaling activation represents a target for therapeutic intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage and that selumetinib may be repurposed to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwu Xie
- The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J. Klemsz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Huang X, Lu Z, He M, Feng Y, Yu S, Shen B, Lu J, Wu P, Pan B, Ding H, Chen C, Sun Y. A Prognostic Risk Model of a Novel Oxidative Stress-Related Signature Predicts Clinical Prognosis and Demonstrates Immune Relevancy in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:2262014. [PMID: 36439693 PMCID: PMC9699774 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2262014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is among the most prevalent malignant lung cancers with a poor prognosis due to high invasiveness and lethality despite multiple treatments. Since the lung is an important organ associated with oxidative stress, and it has been confirmed that oxidative stress represents a potential cancer-specific depletion, it is of important significance to investigate and evaluate the clinical value of oxidative stress mechanisms regulating tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, there are few studies on the impact of the microenvironment on reaction to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with LUAD. Based on the TCGA-LUAD dataset, which is stratified into a training set as well as a validation set in a ratio of 2 : 1, this investigation constructs and validates a prognostic predictive power of a gene signature model of oxidative stress-related prognostic signatures. To ascertain the differences between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and patients' response to ICI therapy. This oxidative stress-related prognostic gene signature is composed of MAP3K19 and NTSR1 and is an independent prognosis-related factor in the LUAD group. The outcome of patients having a low risk score is better, and the difference was statistically significant, and individuals with a low risk score had a larger number of infiltrating immune cell distribution in the tumor microenvironment, which was closely related to clinical outcome. Our study suggests that the synergistic effect of oxidative stress-related prognostic gene markers-MAP3K19 and NTSR1 has clinical significance in the prognosis identification and immunotherapy of LUAD patients. Thus, the results may help to better intersect the oxidative stress-related mechanisms in clinical value in LUAD but requires prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Zhichao Lu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Min He
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yipeng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaorong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Banzhou Pan
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hanlin Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009 Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Yu YW, Liu S, Zhou YY, Huang KY, Wu BS, Lin ZH, Zhu CX, Xue YJ, Ji KT. Shexiang Baoxin Pill attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating autophagy via modulating the ceRNA-Map3k8 pathway. Phytomedicine 2022; 104:154336. [PMID: 35849969 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion is complex, involving multiple regulatory genes and environmental factors, and requiring the simultaneous regulation of multiple targets. Meanwhile, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in the comprehensive treatment of multi-site, multi-target conditions and overall regulation of this condition. This study explores the effect of the well-known TCM, the Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, 20 mg/kg/day SBP was administered by gavage for 28 days. In vitro, cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 25 μg/ml SBP for 24 h. Evans blue/TTC double-staining was employed to determine the infarct size. Markers of myocardial injury were detected in the serum and cell supernatants. The changes of pyroptosis and autophagy proteins were detected by western blot. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and PCR were performed to further illustrate the results. RESULTS SBP significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased the myocardial injury markers, inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and oxidative stress, and promoted autophagy in vivo. In vitro, SBP alleviated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, inhibited oxidative stress, reduced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion, and unblocked autophagy flux. Myocardial injury is mitigated by SBP via the rapid degradation of autophagosomes, and SBP promotes the accumulation of autophagosomes by downregulating mmu_circ_0005874, Map3k8 and upregulating mmu-miR-543-3p. CONCLUSION We found for the first time that SBP can inhibit pyroptosis and oxidative stress, and protect from myocardial I/R injury. In addition, it inhibits pyroptosis and improves H/R injury by promoting autophagosome generation and accelerating autophagic flux. SBP interferes with autophagy through the interaction between mmu_circ_0005874/mmu-miR-543-3p/Map3k8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China; Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Bo-Sen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China
| | - Yang-Jing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China.
| | - Kang-Ting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affliated and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 312500, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang P, Xia Y. Arabidopsis MAPKK kinases YODA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 are functionally redundant in development and immunity. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:206-210. [PMID: 35670747 PMCID: PMC9434298 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three MAPK cascade components in Arabidopsis, YDA (MAPKKK4) and MAPKKK3/5, function redundantly in multiple developmental processes and immunity and regulate floral organ abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hailei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengxi Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.W); (Y.X.)
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11
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Kelley MB, Geddes TJ, Ochiai M, Lampl NM, Kothmann WW, Fierstein SR, Kent V, DeCicco-Skinner K. Loss of Tpl2 activates compensatory signaling and resistance to EGFR/MET dual inhibition in v-RAS transduced keratinocytes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266017. [PMID: 35325006 PMCID: PMC8947257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer in the United States, affecting one million people per year. Patients with aggressive disease have limited treatment options and high mortality, highlighting the need to identify new biomarkers linked to poor clinical outcome. HRAS mutations are found in skin papillomas and cSCCs and increase in frequency when MAP3K family members are inhibited, suggesting a link between blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and initiation of RAS-primed cells. Tpl2, a MAP3K gene, can serve as a tumor suppressor gene in cSCC. We have previously shown that upon Tpl2 ablation, mice have heightened sensitivity to aberrant RAS signaling. Tpl2-/- mice display significantly higher numbers of papillomas and cSCCs in two-stage chemical carcinogenesis studies and increased tumorigenicity of keratinocytes expressing oncogenic v-rasHa in nude mouse skin grafts. In part, this is mediated through increased mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) receptor activity. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is reported to be an essential factor for MET-driven carcinogenesis and MET activation may confer resistance to EGFR therapies, suggesting that the concurrent use of both an EGFR inhibitor and a MET inhibitor may show promise in advanced cSCCs. In this study we assessed whether normal or Ras-transformed Tpl2-/- keratinocytes have aberrant EGFR signaling and whether concomitant treatment with EGFR/MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors was more effective than single agents in reducing growth and angiogenic potential of Ras-transformed keratinocytes. Tpl2-/- keratinocytes exhibited increased HER-2 and STAT-3 under basal conditions and elevated p-MET and p-EGFR when transduced with oncogenic RAS. Inhibition of MET by Capmatinib increased p-EGFR in Tpl2-/- keratinocytes and papillomas, and inhibition of EGFR by Gefitinib increased HER2 and HER3 signaling in both genotypes. Treatment of keratinocytes with EGFR and MET inhibitors, in combination, significantly enhanced endothelial tube formation, MMP-9 activity and activation of other RTKs, with more pronounced effects when Tpl2 was ablated. These data indicate that Tpl2 cross-talks with both EGFR and MET signaling pathways. Upon inhibition of EGFR/MET signaling, a myriad of escape mechanisms exists in keratinocytes to overcome targeted drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B. Kelley
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Taylor J. Geddes
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Maria Ochiai
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Noah M. Lampl
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - W. Wade Kothmann
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sara R. Fierstein
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Victoria Kent
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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12
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Emile JF, Cohen-Aubart F, Collin M, Fraitag S, Idbaih A, Abdel-Wahab O, Rollins BJ, Donadieu J, Haroche J. Histiocytosis. Lancet 2021; 398:157-170. [PMID: 33901419 PMCID: PMC9364113 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytoses constitute a heterogeneous group of rare disorders, characterised by infiltration of almost any organ by myeloid cells with diverse macrophage or dendritic cell phenotypes. Histiocytoses can start at any age. Diagnosis is based on histology in combination with appropriate clinical and radiological findings. The low incidence and broad spectrum of clinical manifestations often leads to diagnostic delay, especially for adults. In most cases, biopsy specimens infiltrated by histiocytes have somatic mutations in genes activating the MAP kinase cell-signalling pathway. These mutations might also be present in blood cells and haematopoietic progenitors of patients with multisystem disease. A comprehensive range of investigations and molecular typing are essential to accurately predict prognosis, which can vary from spontaneous resolution to life-threatening disseminated disease. Targeted therapies with BRAF or MEK inhibitors have revolutionised salvage treatment. However, the type and duration of treatment are still debated, and the prevention of neurological sequelae remains a crucial issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Emile
- EA4340 BECCOH, Université de Versailles SQY, Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France.
| | - Fleur Cohen-Aubart
- Internal Medicine Department 2, French National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Diseases and Histiocytoses, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- UMR S 1127, CNRS/Inserm, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barrett J Rollins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Donadieu
- EA4340 BECCOH, Université de Versailles SQY, Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France; Service d'Hématologie Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Histiocytoses, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Haroche
- Internal Medicine Department 2, French National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Diseases and Histiocytoses, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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13
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Zhu T, Liu X, Song J, Li D, Pang XJ, Wang SH, Li QR, Fu DJ, Zhang SY, Xie HZ. Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway axis mediated neurotoxicity induced by high-risk pesticide residue-Avermectin. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:984-993. [PMID: 33381906 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues have become a healthy threaten of human beings. Among the pesticides, many of them have neurotoxicity. Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases (ERK) pathway is an important signaling pathway that regulates a variety of downstream progress. In this work, peach (PRUNUS persica) and cherry (PRUNUS cerasus) were sampled from over 300 plantations in China and assessed for the residue risk. In mechanism studies, high-risk pesticide Avermectin showed a high activity inhibiting three neurotoxicity models, SH-SY5Y, PC-12 and SK-N-SH cells. At protein levels, ERK pathway proteins and their downstream proteins were obviously down-regulated. Moreover, the effects of low-dose Avermectin can be accumulated at protein levels in the low-dose long-term chronic toxicology detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Rong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han-Zhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
Protein kinases are the second most sought-after G-protein coupled receptors as drug targets because of their overexpression, mutations, and dysregulated catalytic activities in various pathological conditions. Till 2019, 48 protein kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of multiple illnesses, of which the majority of them are indicated for different malignancies. One of the attractive sub-group of protein kinases that has attracted attention for drug development is the family members of MAPKs that are recognized to play significant roles in different cancers. Several inhibitors have been developed against various MAPK members; however, none of them as monotherapy has shown sustainable efficacy. One of the MAPK members, called Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 (MLK3), has attracted considerable attention due to its role in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its role in cancer is an emerging area that needs more investigation. Recent advances have shown that MLK3 plays a role in cancer cell survival, migration, drug resistance, cell death, and tumor immunity. This review describes how MLK3 regulates different MAPK pathways, cancer cell growth and survival, apoptosis, and host's immunity. We also discuss how MLK3 inhibitors can potentially be used along with immunotherapy for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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15
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Zhang T, Zheng YD, Jiao M, Zhi Y, Xu SY, Zhu PY, Zhao XY, Wu QY. Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Mediates Antimony-induced Astrocyte Activation. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:29-39. [PMID: 33531105 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimony (Sb) has recently been identified as a novel nerve poison, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on antimony-induced astrocyte activation. METHODS Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence, cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions separation were used to assess the distribution of p65. The expression of protein in brain tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of mRNAs were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Antimony exposure triggered astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of two critical protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating that antimony induced astrocyte activation in vivo and in vitro. Antimony exposure consistently upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, it induced the NF-κB signaling, indicated by increased p65 phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus. NF-κB inhibition effectively attenuated antimony-induced astrocyte activation. Furthermore, antimony phosphorylated TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), while TAK1 inhibition alleviated antimony-induced p65 phosphorylation and subsequent astrocyte activation. CONCLUSION Antimony activated astrocytes by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Dan Zheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Jiao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen Ya Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Piao Yu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Yun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China;Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Lozano-Juste J, Alrefaei AF, Rodriguez PL. Plant Osmotic Stress Signaling: MAPKKKs Meet SnRK2s. Trends Plant Sci 2020; 25:1179-1182. [PMID: 32972846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress signaling in higher plants is crucial to cope with abiotic stress. RAF-like MAPKKKs are activated by hyperosmotic stress and activate downstream ABA-unresponsive and ABA-activated SnRK2s, integrating early osmotic stress and ABA signaling cascades. The connection of B2/B3/B4 RAF-like MAPKKKs with SnRK2s is a new paradigm in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdulwahed F Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Putarjunan A, Torii KU. Heat Shocking the Jedi Master: HSP90's Role in Regulating Stomatal Cell Fate. Mol Plant 2020; 13:536-538. [PMID: 32145341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Putarjunan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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18
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Asano T, Nguyen THN, Yasuda M, Sidiq Y, Nishimura K, Nakashita H, Nishiuchi T. Arabidopsis MAPKKK δ-1 is required for full immunity against bacterial and fungal infection. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2085-2097. [PMID: 31844896 PMCID: PMC7094076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The genome of Arabidopsis encodes more than 60 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) kinases (MAPKKKs); however, the functions of most MAPKKKs and their downstream MAPKKs are largely unknown. Here, MAPKKK δ-1 (MKD1), a novel Raf-like MAPKKK, was isolated from Arabidopsis as a subunit of a complex including the transcription factor AtNFXL1, which is involved in the trichothecene phytotoxin response and in disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). A MKD1-dependent cascade positively regulates disease resistance against PstDC3000 and the trichothecene mycotoxin-producing fungal pathogen Fusarium sporotrichioides. MKD1 expression was induced by trichothecenes derived from Fusarium species. MKD1 directly interacted with MKK1 and MKK5 in vivo, and phosphorylated MKK1 and MKK5 in vitro. Correspondingly, mkk1 mutants and MKK5RNAi transgenic plants showed enhanced susceptibility to F. sporotrichioides. MKD1 was required for full activation of two MAPKs (MPK3 and MPK6) by the T-2 toxin and flg22. Finally, quantitative phosphoproteomics suggested that an MKD1-dependent cascade controlled phosphorylation of a disease resistance protein, SUMO, and a mycotoxin-detoxifying enzyme. Our findings suggest that the MKD1-MKK1/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6-dependent signaling cascade is involved in the full immune responses against both bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Asano
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Thi Hang-Ni Nguyen
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Yasuda
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasir Sidiq
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Plant Acquired Immunity Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Institute for Gene Research, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Fu CY, Chen MC, Tseng YS, Chen MC, Zhou Z, Yang JJ, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Wang G, Huang CY. Fisetin activates Hippo pathway and JNK/ERK/AP-1 signaling to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells via ZAK overexpression. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:902-911. [PMID: 31044527 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a tumor entity that can cause a large number of cancer-related deaths. Although chemotherapy can decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis of human OS cells, the clinical prognosis remains poor. Fisetin is a flavonol found in fruits and vegetables and is reported to inhibit cell growth in numerous cancers. But the molecular mechanism underlying fisetin in human OS cells is not clear. It is known that sterile-alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase (ZAK), a kinase in the MAP3K family, is involved in various cell processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. In our lab, we have demonstrated that overexpression of ZAK can induce apoptosis in human OS cells. In the previous studies, MAP4K, the upstream of MAP3K, can act in parallel to MST1/2 to activate LATS1/2 in the Hippo pathway. Turning on the Hippo pathway can decrease proliferation and otherwise cause cell apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we found that fisetin can upregulate ZAK expression to induce the Hippo pathway and mediate the activation of JNK/ERK, the downstream of ZAK, to trigger cell apoptosis via AP-1 dependent manner in human OS cells. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying fisetin effect on human OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Defense Cental Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Medical Center for Exosomes and Mitochondria Related Diseases, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhengtao Zhou
- Department of Oncological Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jaw-Ji Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | | - Guiqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
TAK1 is a key mediator of proinflammatory signals. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Naito et al. (2019) report that TAK1 loss from endothelial cells in adult mice results in intestinal and hepatic vascular destruction due to TNF-induced death of endothelial cells. Additionally, endothelial TAK1 deletion reduces tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6DD London, UK.
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21
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Ma QZ, Yang YW, Ma YL, Liao SP, Zheng YJ, Zhang S, Cao YY, Zhang J, Wang YF. [Correlation of K-ras Gene Mutations with the Protein Expressions of TAK1 and MAP4K2 in Colorectal Cancer]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 50:61-65. [PMID: 31037906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation of K-ras gene mutations with the protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β activating kinase 1 (TAK1) protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP4K2) protein in colorectal cancer. METHODS K-ras gene mutations were detected by DNA sequencing analysis, and the expressions of TAK1 protein and MAP4K2 protein were detected by immunohistochemical method in 76 cases of colorectal cancer tissues. RESULTS In 76 cases of colorectal cancer tissues, the mutation rate of K-ras gene was 32.89% (25 cases), and K-ras gene mutations were correlated with the degrees of cell differentiation ( P<0.05). The positive rates of TAK1 protein and MAP4K2 protein were 48.68% and 46.05%, respectively. The protein expressions of TAK1 and MAP4K2 were positively correlated with the degrees of cell differentiation and lymph node metastases, respectively ( P<0.05). There was no correlation between K-ras gene mutation and either TAK1 protein or MAP4K2 protein expression ( P>0.05). In 25 cases of colorectal cancer with K-ras mutation, the expression of TAK1 protein was positively correlated with the expression of MAP4K2 protein ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION K-ras gene mutation, TAK1 and MAP4K2 protein expressions were related to the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer, but not to the depth of invasion. In colorectal cancer with K-ras gene mutation, the expression of TAK1 protein was positively correlated with the expression of MAP4K2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhao Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic MedicalSciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Lin Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi-Ping Liao
- Functional Laboratory, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Zheng
- Functional Laboratory, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic MedicalSciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue-Yan Cao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic MedicalSciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic MedicalSciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Liu Z, Mills C, Owzar K, Xie J, Han Y, Qian DC, Hung Rj RJ, Brhane Y, McLaughlin J, Brennan P, Bickeböller H, Rosenberger A, Houlston RS, Caporaso N, Landi MT, Brüske I, Risch A, Ye Y, Wu X, Christiani DC, Amos CI, Wei Q. Novel genetic variants in the P38MAPK pathway gene ZAK and susceptibility to lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:216-224. [PMID: 29071797 PMCID: PMC6128286 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The P38MAPK pathway participates in regulating cell cycle, inflammation, development, cell death, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Genetic variants of some genes in the P38MAPK pathway are reportedly associated with lung cancer risk. To substantiate this finding, we used six genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to comprehensively investigate the associations of 14 904 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 108 genes of this pathway with lung cancer risk. We identified six significant lung cancer risk-associated SNPs in two genes (CSNK2B and ZAK) after correction for multiple comparisons by a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.20. After removal of three CSNK2B SNPs that are located in the same locus previously reported by GWAS, we performed the LD analysis and found that rs3769201 and rs7604288 were in high LD. We then chose two independent representative SNPs of rs3769201 and rs722864 in ZAK for further analysis. We also expanded the analysis by including these two SNPs from additional GWAS datasets of Harvard University (984 cases and 970 controls) and deCODE (1319 cases and 26 380 controls). The overall effects of these two SNPs were assessed using all eight GWAS datasets (OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.89-0.95, and P = 1.03 × 10-5 for rs3769201; OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.88-0.95, and P = 2.03 × 10-6 for rs722864). Finally, we performed an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and found that these two SNPs were significantly associated with ZAK mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. In conclusion, the ZAK rs3769201 and rs722864 may be functional susceptibility loci for lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Coleman Mills
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jichun Xie
- Duke Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Younghun Han
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - David C Qian
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rayjean J Hung Rj
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albert Rosenberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irene Brüske
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David C Christiani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Fu CY, Tseng YS, Chen MC, Hsu HH, Yang JJ, Tu CC, Lin YM, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Doxorubicin induces ZAKα overexpression with a subsequent enhancement of apoptosis and attenuation of survivability in human osteosarcoma cells. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:191-197. [PMID: 29105997 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant cancer of the bone. It exhibits a characteristic malignant osteoblastic transformation and produces a diseased osteoid. A previous study demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy decreases human OS cell proliferation and might enhance the relative RNA expression of ZAK. However, the impact of ZAKα overexpression on the OS cell proliferation that is inhibited by DOX and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect are not yet known. ZAK is a protein kinase of the MAPKKK family and functions to promote apoptosis. In our study, we found that ZAKα overexpression induced an apoptotic effect in human OS cells. Treatment of human OS cells with DOX enhanced ZAKα expression and decreased cancer cell viability while increasing apoptosis of human OS cells. In the meantime, suppression of ZAKα expression using shRNA and inhibitor D1771 both suppressed the DOX therapeutic effect. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying the DOX effect on human OS cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZAKα enhances the apoptotic effect and decreases cell viability in DOX-treated human OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yao Fu
- Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Department, Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Nursing and Management College, Mackay Medicine, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Yang
- School of Dentistry, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, 41152, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Chang Y, Lu X, Shibu MA, Dai YB, Luo J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Tu ZC, Zhang QW, Yun CH, Huang CY, Ding K. Structure Based Design of N-(3-((1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethynyl)benzenesulfonamides as Selective Leucine-Zipper and Sterile-α Motif Kinase (ZAK) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5927-5932. [PMID: 28586211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-(3-((1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)ethynyl)benzenesulfonamides were designed as the first class of highly selective ZAK inhibitors. The representative compound 3h strongly inhibits the kinase activity of ZAK with an IC50 of 3.3 nM and dose-dependently suppresses the activation of ZAK downstream signals in vitro and in vivo, while it is significantly less potent for the majority of 403 nonmutated kinases evaluated. Compound 3h also exhibits orally therapeutic effects on cardiac hypertrophy in a spontaneous hypertensive rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University , 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University , 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung 404, Taiwan, China
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 433, Taiwan, China
| | - Yi-Bo Dai
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Tu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China
| | - Cai-Hong Yun
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biophysics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung 404, Taiwan, China
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 433, Taiwan, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University , 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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25
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Zwang Y, Jonas O, Chen C, Rinne ML, Doench JG, Piccioni F, Tan L, Huang HT, Wang J, Ham YJ, O'Connell J, Bhola P, Doshi M, Whitman M, Cima M, Letai A, Root DE, Langer RS, Gray N, Hahn WC. Synergistic interactions with PI3K inhibition that induce apoptosis. eLife 2017; 6:e24523. [PMID: 28561737 PMCID: PMC5479695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations involving the PI3K pathway occur frequently in human cancers. However, PI3K inhibitors primarily induce cell cycle arrest, leaving a significant reservoir of tumor cells that may acquire or exhibit resistance. We searched for genes that are required for the survival of PI3K mutant cancer cells in the presence of PI3K inhibition by conducting a genome scale shRNA-based apoptosis screen in a PIK3CA mutant human breast cancer cell. We identified 5 genes (PIM2, ZAK, TACC1, ZFR, ZNF565) whose suppression induced cell death upon PI3K inhibition. We showed that small molecule inhibitors of the PIM2 and ZAK kinases synergize with PI3K inhibition. In addition, using a microscale implementable device to deliver either siRNAs or small molecule inhibitors in vivo, we showed that suppressing these 5 genes with PI3K inhibition induced tumor regression. These observations identify targets whose inhibition synergizes with PI3K inhibitors and nominate potential combination therapies involving PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Zwang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Oliver Jonas
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Casandra Chen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Mikael L Rinne
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hai-Tsang Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Young Jin Ham
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joyce O'Connell
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Mihir Doshi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Matthew Whitman
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michael Cima
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
| | - Robert S Langer
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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26
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Zhang L, Wei J, Ren L, Zhang J, Yang M, Jing L, Wang J, Sun Z, Zhou X. Endosulfan inducing apoptosis and necroptosis through activation RIPK signaling pathway in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:215-225. [PMID: 27709431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was found in human blood, and its possible cardiovascular toxicity has been suggested. However, the mechanism about endothelial cell injuries induced by endosulfan has remained unknown. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were chosen to explore the toxicity mechanism and were treated with 0, 1, 6, and 12 μg/mL-1 endosulfan for 24 h, respectively. The results showed that exposure to endosulfan could inhibit the cell viability, increase the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), damage the ultrastructure, and lead to apoptosis and necroptosis in HUVECs. Furthermore, endosulfan upregulated the expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), caspase 8, and caspase 3, which means the activation of RIPK1 pathways. In addition, endosulfan promoted the increases of ROS, IL-1α, and IL-33 levels while antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively attenuated the cytotoxicity from endosulfan. Taken together, these results have demonstrated that endosulfan induces the apoptosis and necroptosis of HUVECs, where the RIPK pathway plays a pro-necroptotic role and NAC plays an anti-necroptotic role. Our results may contribute to understanding cellular mechanisms for endosulfan-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bin Zhou Medical College, Yan Tai, 264003, China
| | - Jialiu Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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27
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Carson R, Celtikci B, Fenning C, Javadi A, Crawford N, Carbonell LP, Lawler M, Longley DB, Johnston PG, Van Schaeybroeck S. HDAC Inhibition Overcomes Acute Resistance to MEK Inhibition in BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer by Downregulation of c-FLIPL. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3230-3240. [PMID: 25813020 PMCID: PMC4504978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene are found in 8% to 15% of colorectal cancer patients and have been associated with poor survival. In contrast with BRAF-mutant (MT) melanoma, inhibition of the MAPK pathway is ineffective in the majority of BRAFMT colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, identification of novel therapies for BRAFMT colorectal cancer is urgently needed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BRAFMT and wild-type (WT) colorectal cancer models were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Small-molecule inhibitors of MEK1/2, MET, and HDAC were used, overexpression and siRNA approaches were applied, and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blotting, cell viability, and caspase activity assays. RESULTS Increased c-MET-STAT3 signaling was identified as a novel adaptive resistance mechanism to MEK inhibitors (MEKi) in BRAFMT colorectal cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MEKi treatment resulted in acute increases in transcription of the endogenous caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIPL in BRAFMT cells, but not in BRAFWT cells, and inhibition of STAT3 activity abrogated MEKi-induced c-FLIPL expression. In addition, treatment with c-FLIP-specific siRNA or HDAC inhibitors abrogated MEKi-induced upregulation of c-FLIPL expression and resulted in significant increases in MEKi-induced cell death in BRAFMT colorectal cancer cells. Notably, combined HDAC inhibitor/MEKi treatment resulted in dramatically attenuated tumor growth in BRAFMT xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that c-MET/STAT3-dependent upregulation of c-FLIPL expression is an important escape mechanism following MEKi treatment in BRAFMT colorectal cancer. Thus, combinations of MEKi with inhibitors of c-MET or c-FLIP (e.g., HDAC inhibitors) could be potential novel treatment strategies for BRAFMT colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Carson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Basak Celtikci
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Cathy Fenning
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Arman Javadi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Nyree Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Lucia Perez Carbonell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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28
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Wang L, Gallo KA, Conrad SE. Targeting mixed lineage kinases in ER-positive breast cancer cells leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncotarget 2013; 4:1158-71. [PMID: 23902710 PMCID: PMC3787148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors represent the most common type of breast cancer, and ER-targeted therapies such as antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors have therefore been widely used in breast cancer treatment. While many patients have benefited from these therapies, both innate and acquired resistance continue to be causes of treatment failure. Novel targeted therapeutics that could be used alone or in combination with endocrine agents to treat resistant tumors or to prevent their development are therefore needed. In this report, we examined the effects of inhibiting mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) activity on ER-positive breast cancer cells and non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Inhibition of MLK activity with the pan-MLK inhibitor CEP-1347 blocked cell cycle progression in G2 and early M phase, and induced apoptosis in three ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, including one with acquired antiestrogen resistance. In contrast, it had no effect on the cell cycle or apoptosis in two non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell lines. CEP-1347 treatment did not decrease the level of active ERK or p38 in any of the cell lines tested. However, it resulted in decreased JNK and NF-κB activity in the breast cancer cell lines. A JNK inhibitor mimicked the effects of CEP-1347 in breast cancer cells, and overexpression of c-Jun rescued CEP-1347-induced Bax expression. These results indicate that proliferation and survival of ER-positive breast cancer cells are highly dependent on MLK activity, and suggest that MLK inhibitors may have therapeutic efficacy for ER-positive breast tumors, including ones that are resistant to current endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
| | - Kathleen A. Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
| | - Susan E. Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
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29
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Tokarev A, Suarez M, Kwan W, Fitzpatrick K, Singh R, Guatelli J. Stimulation of NF-κB activity by the HIV restriction factor BST2. J Virol 2013; 87:2046-57. [PMID: 23221546 PMCID: PMC3571454 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02272-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BST2 (HM1.24; CD317; tetherin) is an interferon-inducible transmembrane protein that restricts the release of several enveloped viruses, including HIV, from infected cells. Before its activity as an antiviral factor was described, BST2 was identified as an inducer of NF-κB activity. Here we show that human BST2 induces NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. This activity is separable from the restriction of virus release: a YxY sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2 is required for the induction of NF-κB but is dispensable for restriction, whereas the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) addition site in the protein's ectodomain is required for restriction but is largely dispensable for the induction of NF-κB. Mutations predicted to disrupt the coiled-coil structure of the BST2 ectodomain impaired both signaling and restriction, but disruption of the tetramerization interface differentially affected signaling. The induction of NF-κB by BST2 was impaired by inhibition of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) or by calcium chelation, suggesting potential linkage to the mitogen-activated protein kinase and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathways. Consistent with a role for TAK1, BST2 coimmunoprecipitated with TAK1 and the TAK1-associated pseudophosphatase TAB1; these interactions required the YxY sequence in BST2. Moreover, signaling by BST2 was blocked by expression of an IκB-mutant that inhibits the canonical pathway of NF-κB activation. The expression of HIV-1 Vpu inhibited the induction of NF-κB by BST2; this inhibition required Vpu's ability to bind the cellular β-TrCP-E3-ubiquitin ligase complex. The expression of HIV-1 lacking vpu augmented the induction of NF-κB activity by BST2, suggesting that BST2 can act as a virus sensor. This augmentation was also inhibited by Vpu in a β-TrCP-dependent manner. The role of BST2 in the host-pathogen relationship is apparently multifaceted: signaling during the innate immune response, sensing of viral gene expression, and direct restriction of virus release. HIV-1 Vpu counteracts each of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Tokarev
- The University of California—San Diego, La Jolla California, USA
| | - Marissa Suarez
- The Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wilson Kwan
- The University of California—San Diego, La Jolla California, USA
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- The University of California—San Diego, La Jolla California, USA
| | - John Guatelli
- The University of California—San Diego, La Jolla California, USA
- The Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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Yang JJ, Lee YJ, Hung HH, Tseng WP, Tu CC, Lee H, Wu WJ. ZAK inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via ERK and JNK activation in an AP-1-dependent manner. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1374-81. [PMID: 20331627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel mixed-lineage kinase protein zipper sterile-alpha-motif kinase (ZAK) was first cloned by our laboratory. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, including in Taiwan. Here, we wanted to investigate whether ZAK plays a potential role in lung cancer development. First, Western blot analysis results demonstrated that four cell lines expressed high levels of ZAK from among a panel of 10 lung cancer cell lines, and two of three normal lung cells expressed ZAK. ZAK gene expressions were down-regulated in lung cancers by real-time PCR analysis. Overexpression of ZAK suppressed cell proliferation in parallel with increased phosphorylated levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In contrast, ZAK silencing cells inhibited the expressions of phosphorylated ERK and JNK without affecting the expression of phosphorylated p38. The effect of the decreased cell growth rate was significantly but incompletely reversed when ZAK-overexpressing cells were treated with a specific ERK or JNK inhibitor. Moreover, c-Fos and c-Jun, the major downstream components of MAPKs, were up-regulated by ERK and JNK, respectively. When ZAK-overexpressing cells introduced with c-Jun RNA interference (RNAi), the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription activity detected by a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay was suppressed and the decreased cell number was reversed compared with the control RNAi-treated group. More importantly, ZAK significantly depressed tumor growth in in vivo study. Taken together, results from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the decrease of lung cancer cell proliferation by ZAK may involve the ERK and JNK pathways via an AP-1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw-Ji Yang
- Institutes of Oral Biology & Biomaterial Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Diamond-Stanic MK, Henriksen EJ. Direct inhibition by angiotensin II of insulin-dependent glucose transport activity in mammalian skeletal muscle involves a ROS-dependent mechanism. Arch Physiol Biochem 2010; 116:88-95. [PMID: 20384568 PMCID: PMC3298971 DOI: 10.3109/13813451003758703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
No previous study has investigated how the vaso-constrictive peptide Ang II impacts insulin action in isolated mammalian skeletal muscle. We investigated the molecular actions of Ang II on insulin signalling and glucose transport in skeletal muscle from lean Zucker rats. Soleus strips were incubated with insulin (5 mU/ml) and/or Ang II (500 nM) for 2 hours. Ang II caused significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport (39%) and decreased phosphorylation of Akt Ser(473) (37%) and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta Ser(9) (42%) without affecting phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser(307) or p38 MAPK. We used the superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol (1 mM), to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to Ang II-mediated insulin resistance. Tempol partially reversed (42%) Ang II-induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. These results indicate that Ang II inhibits distal insulin signalling and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated mammalian skeletal muscle, and that this effect is partially mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie K Diamond-Stanic
- Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Arizona Diabetes Program, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721-0093, USA
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32
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Ola A, Kerkelä R, Tokola H, Pikkarainen S, Skoumal R, Vuolteenaho O, Ruskoaho H. The mixed-lineage kinase 1-3 signalling pathway regulates stress response in cardiac myocytes via GATA-4 and AP-1 transcription factors. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:717-25. [PMID: 20067472 PMCID: PMC2828035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) act upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but their role in cardiac biology and pathology is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effect of a MLK1-3 inhibitor CEP-11004 on G protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced stress response in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in culture. KEY RESULTS CEP-11004 administration dose-dependently attenuated phenylephrine and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. MLK inhibition also reduced ET-1- and phenylephrine-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In contrast, phenylephrine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation was further up-regulated by CEP-11004. ET-1 increased activator protein-1 binding activity 3.5-fold and GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4) binding activity 1.8-fold, both of which were attenuated with CEP-11004 administration by 59% and 63% respectively. Phenylephrine induced activator protein-1 binding activity by 2.6-fold, which was decreased by 81% with CEP-11004 administration. Phenylephrine also induced a 3.7-fold increase in the transcriptional activity of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which was attenuated by 41% with CEP-11004 administration. In agreement, MLK inhibition also reduced hypertrophic agonist-induced secretion of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide and BNP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results showed that inhibition of the MLK1-3 signalling pathway was sufficient for suppressing the activity of key nuclear effectors (GATA-4 and activator protein-1 transcription factors) in cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated the agonist-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and activation of BNP gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Annan RB, Lee AY, Reid ID, Sayad A, Whiteway M, Hallett M, Thomas DY. A biochemical genomics screen for substrates of Ste20p kinase enables the in silico prediction of novel substrates. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8279. [PMID: 20020052 PMCID: PMC2791418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ste20/PAK family is involved in many cellular processes, including the regulation of actin-based cytoskeletal dynamics and the activation of MAPK signaling pathways. Despite its numerous roles, few of its substrates have been identified. To better characterize the roles of the yeast Ste20p kinase, we developed an in vitro biochemical genomics screen to identify its substrates. When applied to 539 purified yeast proteins, the screen reported 14 targets of Ste20p phosphorylation. We used the data resulting from our screen to build an in silico predictor to identify Ste20p substrates on a proteome-wide basis. Since kinase-substrate specificity is often mediated by additional binding events at sites distal to the phosphorylation site, the predictor uses the presence/absence of multiple sequence motifs to evaluate potential substrates. Statistical validation estimates a threefold improvement in substrate recovery over random predictions, despite the lack of a single dominant motif that can characterize Ste20p phosphorylation. The set of predicted substrates significantly overrepresents elements of the genetic and physical interaction networks surrounding Ste20p, suggesting that some of the predicted substrates are in vivo targets. We validated this combined experimental and computational approach for identifying kinase substrates by confirming the in vitro phosphorylation of polarisome components Bni1p and Bud6p, thus suggesting a mechanism by which Ste20p effects polarized growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Annan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Karpov PA, Emets AI, Matusov VG, Nyporko AI, Nadezhdina ES, Blium IB. [Bioinformatic search for plant homologs of Ste20-like serine/threonine protein kinases]. Tsitol Genet 2009; 43:68-77. [PMID: 20458979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Eleven plant homologs of animal and yeast Ste20-like protein kinases were identified. It was shown that the nearest plant homologs of the Ste20-like protein kinases are the unknown proteins A9RVK0 from Physcomitrella patens ssp. patens and A7P2E2 from Vitis vinifera. Cladistic analysis showed a protein kinase dstl from Dictyostelium discoideum as the closest protein to the newly found plant homologs. A predicted spatial structure of the A9RVK0 from P. patens ssp. patens catalytic domain is presented.
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Parikh K, Diks SH, Tuynman JHB, Verhaar A, Löwenberg M, Hommes DW, Joore J, Pandey A, Peppelenbosch MP. Comparison of peptide array substrate phosphorylation of c-Raf and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6440. [PMID: 19649278 PMCID: PMC2713828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are pivotal regulators of cellular physiology. The human genome contains more than 500 putative kinases, which exert their action via the phosphorylation of specific substrates. The determinants of this specificity are still only partly understood and as a consequence it is difficult to predict kinase substrate preferences from the primary structure, hampering the understanding of kinase function in physiology and prompting the development of technologies that allow easy assessment of kinase substrate consensus sequences. Hence, we decided to explore the usefulness of phosphorylation of peptide arrays comprising of 1176 different peptide substrates with recombinant kinases for determining kinase substrate preferences, based on the contribution of individual amino acids to total array phosphorylation. Employing this technology, we were able to determine the consensus peptide sequences for substrates of both c-Raf and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 8, two highly homologous kinases with distinct signalling roles in cellular physiology. The results show that although consensus sequences for these two kinases identified through our analysis share important chemical similarities, there is still some sequence specificity that could explain the different biological action of the two enzymes. Thus peptide arrays are a useful instrument for deducing substrate consensus sequences and highly homologous kinases can differ in their requirement for phosphorylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Parikh
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Yu L, Qi M, Sheff MA, Elion EA. Counteractive control of polarized morphogenesis during mating by mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3 and G1 cyclin-dependent kinase. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1739-52. [PMID: 18256288 PMCID: PMC2291402 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarization in response to external cues is critical to many eukaryotic cells. During pheromone-induced mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fus3 induces polarization of the actin cytoskeleton toward a landmark generated by the pheromone receptor. Here, we analyze the role of Fus3 activation and cell cycle arrest in mating morphogenesis. The MAPK scaffold Ste5 is initially recruited to the plasma membrane in random patches that polarize before shmoo emergence. Polarized localization of Ste5 is important for shmooing. In fus3 mutants, Ste5 is recruited to significantly more of the plasma membrane, whereas recruitment of Bni1 formin, Cdc24 guanine exchange factor, and Ste20 p21-activated protein kinase are inhibited. In contrast, polarized recruitment still occurs in a far1 mutant that is also defective in G1 arrest. Remarkably, loss of Cln2 or Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase restores polarized localization of Bni1, Ste5, and Ste20 to a fus3 mutant. These and other findings suggest Fus3 induces polarized growth in G1 phase cells by down-regulating Ste5 recruitment and by inhibiting Cln/Cdc28 kinase, which prevents basal recruitment of Ste5, Cdc42-mediated asymmetry, and mating morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-5730
| | - Maosong Qi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-5730
| | - Mark A. Sheff
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-5730
| | - Elaine A. Elion
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-5730
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Di Fulvio M, Frondorf K, Gomez-Cambronero J. Mutation of Y179 on phospholipase D2 (PLD2) upregulates DNA synthesis in a PI3K-and Akt-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2008; 20:176-85. [PMID: 18006275 PMCID: PMC2276604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), one of the two mammalian members of the PLD family, has been implicated in cell proliferation, transformation, tumor progression and survival. However, as precise mechanistic details are still unknown, we investigated here if the PLD2 isoform would signal through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Transient expression of PLD2 in COS7 cells with either the WT or with a Y179F mutant, resulted in an increased basal phosphorylation of AKT in residues T308 and S473, in a PI3K-dependent manner. Transfection of PLD2-Y179F (but not the wild type) caused an increased (>2-fold) DNA synthesis even in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Other signaling mechanisms downstream such PLD/PI3K dependence (that might lead to DNA synthesis regulation) were further studied. PLD2-Y179F caused an increase in phosphorylation of p42/p44 ERK and in the expression of G0/G1 phase transition markers (p21 CIP, PCNA), and these effects, too, were dependent on PI3K. Interestingly, Akt, once activated induced the phosphorylation of PLD2 on residue T175, an effect that was inhibited by LY296004. Lastly, if PLD2-Y179F is further mutated in residue K758 (PLD2 Y179F-K758R), which renders inactive a catalytic site, DNA synthesis is then abrogated, indicating that the activity of the enzyme (i.e. synthesis of PA) is necessary for the observed effects. In conclusion, the unavailability of residue Y179 on PLD2 to become phosphorylated leads to an augmentation of DNA synthesis concomitantly with MEK and AKT phosphorylation, in a process that is dependent on PI3K and independent of any extracellular stimuli. This might be critical for the maintenance of the PLD2-regulated proliferative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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38
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Abstract
The Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 is a central regulator of eukaryotic cell polarity and signal transduction. In budding yeast, Cdc42 regulates polarity and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling in part through the PAK-family kinase Ste20. Activation of Ste20 requires a Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain, which mediates its recruitment to membrane-associated Cdc42. Here, we identify a separate domain in Ste20 that interacts directly with membrane phospholipids and is critical for its function. This short region, termed the basic-rich (BR) domain, can target green fluorescent protein to the plasma membrane in vivo and binds PIP(2)-containing liposomes in vitro. Mutation of basic or hydrophobic residues in the BR domain abolishes polarized localization of Ste20 and its function in both MAP kinase-dependent and independent pathways. Thus, Cdc42 binding is required but is insufficient; instead, direct membrane binding by Ste20 is also required. Nevertheless, phospholipid specificity is not essential in vivo, because the BR domain can be replaced with several heterologous lipid-binding domains of varying lipid preferences. We also identify functionally important BR domains in two other yeast Cdc42 effectors, Gic1 and Gic2, suggesting that cooperation between protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions is a prevalent mechanism during Cdc42-regulated signaling and perhaps for other dynamic localization events at the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Peter M. Pryciak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae p21-activated kinase (PAK) Ste20 regulates various aspects of cell polarity during vegetative growth, mating and filamentous growth. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of Ste20 action, we screened for interactors of Ste20 using the split-ubiquitin system. Among the identified proteins were Erg4, Cbr1 and Ncp1, which are all involved in sterol biosynthesis. The interaction between Ste20 and Erg4, as well as between Ste20 and Cbr1, was confirmed by pull-down experiments. Deletion of either ERG4 or NCP1 resulted in various polarity defects, indicating a role for these proteins in bud site selection, apical bud growth, cell wall assembly, mating and invasive growth. Interestingly, Erg4 was required for the polarized localization of Ste20 during mating. Lack of CBR1 produced no detectable phenotype, whereas the deletion of CBR1 in the absence of NCP1 was lethal. Using a conditional lethal mutant we demonstrate that both proteins have overlapping functions in bud morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tiedje
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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40
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Ihara E, Edwards E, Borman MA, Wilson DP, Walsh MP, MacDonald JA. Inhibition of zipper-interacting protein kinase function in smooth muscle by a myosin light chain kinase pseudosubstrate peptide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C1951-9. [PMID: 17215325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00434.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a regulator of smooth muscle contractility, zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) appears to phosphorylate the regulatory myosin light chain (RLC20), directly or indirectly, at Ser19 and Thr18 in a Ca2+-independent manner. The calmodulin-binding and autoinhibitory domain of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) shares similarity to a sequence found in ZIPK. This similarity in sequence prompted an investigation of the SM1 peptide, which is derived from the autoinhibitory region of MLCK, as a potential inhibitor of ZIPK. In vitro studies showed that SM1 is a competitive inhibitor of a constitutively active 32-kDa form of ZIPK with an apparent Kivalue of 3.4 μM. Experiments confirmed that the SM1 peptide is also active against full-length ZIPK. In addition, ZIPK autophosphorylation was reduced by SM1. ZIPK activity is independent of calmodulin; however, calmodulin suppressed the in vitro inhibitory potential of SM1, likely as a result of nonspecific binding of the peptide to calmodulin. Treatment of ileal smooth muscle with exogenous ZIPK was accompanied by an increase in RLC20 diphosphorylation, distinguishing between ZIPK [and integrin-linked kinase (ILK)] and MLCK actions. Administration of SM1 suppressed steady-state muscle tension developed by the addition of exogenous ZIPK to Triton-skinned rat ileal muscle strips with or without calmodulin depletion by trifluoperazine. The decrease in contractile force was associated with decreases in both RLC20 mono- and diphosphorylation. In summary, we present the SM1 peptide as a novel inhibitor of ZIPK. We also conclude that the SM1 peptide, which has no effect on ILK, can be used to distinguish between ZIPK and ILK effects in smooth muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eikichi Ihara
- Smooth Muscle Research Group and Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Roux PP, Shahbazian D, Vu H, Holz MK, Cohen MS, Taunton J, Sonenberg N, Blenis J. RAS/ERK signaling promotes site-specific ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation via RSK and stimulates cap-dependent translation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:14056-64. [PMID: 17360704 PMCID: PMC3618456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700906200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging signals from the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are well established to modulate translation initiation. Less is known regarding the molecular basis of protein synthesis regulated by other inputs, such as agonists of the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit that becomes phosphorylated at several serine residues upon mitogen stimulation, but the exact molecular mechanisms regulating its phosphorylation and the function of phosphorylated rpS6 is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that activation of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) by serum, growth factors, tumor promoting phorbol esters, and oncogenic Ras is required for rpS6 phosphorylation downstream of the Ras/ERK signaling cascade. We demonstrate that while ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylates rpS6 at all sites, RSK exclusively phosphorylates rpS6 at Ser(235/236) in vitro and in vivo using an mTOR-independent mechanism. Mutation of rpS6 at Ser(235/236) reveals that phosphorylation of these sites promotes its recruitment to the 7-methylguanosine cap complex, suggesting that Ras/ERK signaling regulates assembly of the translation preinitiation complex. These data demonstrate that RSK provides an mTOR-independent pathway linking the Ras/ERK signaling cascade to the translational machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Roux
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
T cell Ig and mucin domain protein 2 (TIM-2) has been shown to regulate T cell activation in vitro and T cell-mediated disease in vivo. However, it is still not clear whether TIM-2 acts mainly to augment T cell function or to inhibit it. We have directly examined the function of TIM-2 in murine and human T cell lines. Our results indicate that expression of TIM-2 significantly impairs the induction of NFAT and AP-1 transcriptional reporters by not only TCR ligation but also by the pharmacological stimuli PMA and ionomycin. This does not appear to be due to a general effect on cell viability, and the block in NFAT activation can be bypassed by expression of activated alleles of Ras or calcineurin, or MEK kinase, in the case of AP-1. Thus, our data are consistent with a model whereby TIM-2 inhibits T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared E Knickelbein
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Bettinger BT, Clark MG, Amberg DC. Requirement for the polarisome and formin function in Ssk2p-mediated actin recovery from osmotic stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2007; 175:1637-48. [PMID: 17237521 PMCID: PMC1855128 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.063370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress induces activation of an adaptive mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in concert with disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton by a mechanism that is not understood. We have previously shown that the conserved actin-interacting MAP kinase kinase kinase Ssk2p/MEKK4, a member of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mediates recovery of the actin cytoskeleton following osmotic stress. In this study, we have employed in vitro kinase assays to show that Ssk2p kinase activity is activated for the actin recovery pathway via a noncanonical, Ssk1p-independent mechanism. Our work also shows that Ssk2p requires the polarisome proteins Bud6p and Pea2p to promote efficient, polarized actin reassembly but that this requirement can be bypassed by overexpression of Ssk2p. Formin (BNI1 or BNR1) and tropomyosin functions are also required for actin recovery but, unlike for Bud6p and Pea2p, these requirements cannot be bypassed by overexpression of Ssk2p. These results suggest that Ssk2p acts downstream of Bud6p and Pea2p and upstream of tropomyosin to drive actin recovery, possibly by upregulating the actin nucleation activity of the formins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine T Bettinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Abstract
The mammalian JNK/p38 MAP kinase kinase kinase MEKK4 and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssk2p are highly homologous. MEKK4 can replace all of the known functions of Ssk2p in yeast, including functioning in the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway and the recently described actin recovery pathway. MEKK4 and Ssk2p share a number of conserved domains and appear to be activated by a similar mechanism. Binding of an activating protein to the N-terminal region alleviates auto-inhibition and causes the kinase to auto-phosphorylate, resulting in activation. In this review we will examine the role of the MAP kinase kinase kinase isoform Ssk2p/MEKK4 in the adaptation of both yeast and mammalian systems to specific external stimuli. Recent work has provided a wealth of information about the activation, regulation, and functions of these MEKK kinases to extra-cellular signals. We will also highlight evidence supporting a role for MEKK4 in mediating actin recovery following osmotic shock in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine T Bettinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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45
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Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the highly conserved Rho-type GTPase Cdc42 is essential for cell division and controls cellular development during mating and invasive growth. The role of Cdc42 in mating has been controversial, but a number of previous studies suggest that the GTPase controls the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade by activating the p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) Ste20. To further explore the role of Cdc42 in pheromone-stimulated signaling, we isolated novel alleles of CDC42 that confer resistance to pheromone. We find that in CDC42(V36A) and CDC42(V36A, I182T) mutant strains, the inability to undergo pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest correlates with reduced phosphorylation of the mating MAP kinases Fus3 and Kss1 and with a decrease in mating efficiency. Furthermore, Cdc42(V36A) and Cdc42(V36A, I182T) proteins show reduced interaction with the PAK Cla4 but not with Ste20. We also show that deletion of CLA4 in a CDC42(V36A, I182T) mutant strain suppresses pheromone resistance and that overexpression of CLA4 interferes with pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest and MAP kinase phosphorylation in CDC42 wild-type strains. Our data indicate that Cla4 has the potential to act as a negative regulator of the mating pathway and that this function of the PAK might be under control of Cdc42. In conclusion, our study suggests that control of pheromone signaling by Cdc42 not only depends on Ste20 but also involves interaction of the GTPase with Cla4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Heinrich
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics, Philipps University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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46
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Ahn SH, Diaz RL, Grunstein M, Allis CD. Histone H2B deacetylation at lysine 11 is required for yeast apoptosis induced by phosphorylation of H2B at serine 10. Mol Cell 2006; 24:211-20. [PMID: 17052455 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin alterations, induced by covalent histone modifications, mediate a wide range of DNA-templated processes, including apoptosis. Apoptotic chromatin condensation has been causally linked to the phosphorylation of histone H2B (serine 14 in human; serine 10 in yeast, H2BS10ph) in human and yeast cells. Here, we extend these studies by demonstrating a unidirectional, crosstalk pathway between H2BS10 phosphorylation and lysine 11 acetylation (H2BK11ac) in yeast. We demonstrate that the H2BK11 acetyl mark, which exists in growing yeast, is removed upon H(2)O(2) treatment but before H2BS10ph occurs, in a unidirectional fashion. H2B K11Q mutants are resistant to cell death elicited by H(2)O(2), while H2B K11R mutants that mimic deacetylation promote cell death. Our results suggest that Hos3 HDAC deacetylates H2BK11ac, which in turn mediates H2BS10ph by Ste20 kinase. Together, these studies underscore a concerted series of enzyme reactions governing histone modifications that promote a switch from cell proliferation to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Ahn
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, The Rockefeller University, Box 78, New York, New York 10021, USA
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47
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Nakajima A, Komazawa-Sakon S, Takekawa M, Sasazuki T, Yeh WC, Yagita H, Okumura K, Nakano H. An antiapoptotic protein, c-FLIPL, directly binds to MKK7 and inhibits the JNK pathway. EMBO J 2006; 25:5549-59. [PMID: 17110930 PMCID: PMC1679768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation increases susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha-induced cell death, concurrent with caspases and prolonged c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, the detailed mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is rapidly lost in NF-kappaB activation-deficient, but not wild-type fibroblasts upon TNFalpha stimulation, indicating that NF-kappaB normally maintains the cellular levels of c-FLIP. The ectopic expression of the long form of c-FLIP (c-FLIPL) inhibits TNFalpha-induced prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation in NF-kappaB activation-deficient fibroblasts. Conversely, TNFalpha induces prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation in c-Flip-/- fibroblasts. Moreover, c-FLIPL directly interacts with a JNK activator, MAP kinase kinase (MKK)7, in a TNFalpha-dependent manner and inhibits the interactions of MKK7 with MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1, apoptosis-signal-regulating kinase 1, and TGFbeta-activated kinase 1. This stimuli-dependent interaction of c-FLIPL with MKK7 might selectively suppress the prolonged phase of JNK activation. Taken that ROS promote JNK activation and activation of the JNK pathway may promote ROS accumulation, c-FLIPL might block this positive feedback loop, thereby suppressing ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mutsuhiro Takekawa
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Sasazuki
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Chen Yeh
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5802 1045; Fax: +81 3 3813 0421; E-mail:
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48
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Yamaguchi Y, Ota K, Ito T. A novel Cdc42-interacting domain of the yeast polarity establishment protein Bem1. Implications for modulation of mating pheromone signaling. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:29-38. [PMID: 17090539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609308200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Rho-type small GTPase Cdc42 is activated by its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Cdc24 to polarize the cell for budding and mating. A multidomain protein Bem1 interacts not only with Cdc42 but also with Cdc24 and the effectors of Cdc42, including the p21-activated kinase Ste20, to function as a scaffold for cell polarity establishment. Although Bem1 interacts with Cdc24 and Ste20 via its PB1 and the second SH3 domains (SH3b), respectively, it is unclear how Bem1 binds Cdc42. Here we show that a region comprising the SH3b and its C-terminal flanking segment termed CI (SH3b-CI) directly interacts with Cdc42. A dual-bait reverse two-hybrid approach revealed that the CI is critical to the interaction: N253D substitution in the CI abolishes the binding of the SH3b-CI to Cdc42 but not to the proline-rich region of Ste20, whereas W192K substitution in the SH3b has the opposite effect. Nevertheless, the SH3b-CI interacts with Ste20 proline-rich region and Cdc42 in a mutually exclusive manner. The N253D substitution renders cellular growth temperature-sensitive and suppresses mating. The W192K-induced mating defect is exacerbated by the N253D substitution and suppressed by increasing the dosage of Ste20 provided that the CI is intact. Intriguingly, Cdc42 can mediate an indirect interaction of the SH3b-CI to the CRIB domain of Ste20. These results suggest that the SH3b and the CI collaborate in tethering of Ste20 to Bem1 to ensure efficient mating pheromone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
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49
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Abstract
The mating pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best understood signal transduction pathways in eukaryotes. It transmits the mating signal from plasma membrane into the nucleus through the G-protein coupled receptor and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. According to current understanding of the mating pathway, we construct a system of ordinary differential equations to describe the process. Our model is consistent with a wide range of experiments, indicating that it captures some main characteristics of the signal transduction along the pathway. Investigation with the model reveals that the shuttling of the scaffold protein and the dephosphorylation of kinases involved in the MAPK cascade cooperate to regulate the response upon pheromone induction and to help preserve the fidelity of the mating signaling. We explored factors affecting the dose-response curves of this pathway and found that both negative feedback and concentrations of the proteins involved in the MAPK cascade play crucial roles. Contrary to some other MAPK systems where signaling sensitivity is being amplified successively along the cascade, here the mating signal is transmitted through the cascade in an almost linear fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Shao
- Center for Theoretical Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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50
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Bhattacharjya S, Gingras R, Xu P. An NMR-based identification of a peptide fragment from the beta-subunit of a G-protein showing specific interactions with the GBB domain of the Ste20 kinase in budding yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:1145-50. [PMID: 16870141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades of budding yeast, pheromone-induced mating signal is transmitted by interactions between the beta-subunit of a G-protein (G-beta) and the G-beta binding (GBB) domain of Ste20 kinase. Previously, mutational analyses of the beta-subunit of G-protein had identified two critical mutations which abrogate binding of the GBB domain of Ste20. In this work, we have identified, by use of NMR spectroscopy, a peptide fragment from the G-beta that shows specific interactions with the isolated GBB domain of Ste20. A model structure of the Ste20/G-beta complex reveals that the interface of the hetero-complex may be sustained by parallel orientation of two potentially interacting helical segments that are further stabilized by ionic, hydrogen bond, and helix macro-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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