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Zhang T, Zheng YD, Jiao M, Zhi Y, Xu SY, Zhu PY, Zhao XY, Wu QY. Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Mediates Antimony-induced Astrocyte Activation. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:29-39. [PMID: 33531105 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimony (Sb) has recently been identified as a novel nerve poison, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on antimony-induced astrocyte activation. METHODS Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence, cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions separation were used to assess the distribution of p65. The expression of protein in brain tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of mRNAs were detected by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Antimony exposure triggered astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of two critical protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating that antimony induced astrocyte activation in vivo and in vitro. Antimony exposure consistently upregulated the expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, it induced the NF-κB signaling, indicated by increased p65 phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus. NF-κB inhibition effectively attenuated antimony-induced astrocyte activation. Furthermore, antimony phosphorylated TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), while TAK1 inhibition alleviated antimony-induced p65 phosphorylation and subsequent astrocyte activation. CONCLUSION Antimony activated astrocytes by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Dan Zheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Jiao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen Ya Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Piao Yu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Yun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China;Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
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Cheng C, Chen SY, Geng J, Zhu PY, Liang RN, Yuan MZ, Wang B, Jin YF, Zhang RG, Zhang WD, Yang HY, Duan GC. [Preliminary analysis on COVID-19 case spectrum and spread intensity in different provinces in China except Hubei province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1601-1605. [PMID: 33297615 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200314-00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum and spread intensity in different provinces in China except Hubei province. Methods: The daily incidence data and case information of COVID-19 were collected from the official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions. The morbidity rate, severity rate, case-fatality rate, and spread ratio of COVID-19 were calculated. Results: As of 20 March, 2020, a total of 12 941 cases of COVID-19 had been conformed, including 116 deaths, and the average morbidity rate, severity rate and case-fatality rate were 0.97/100 000, 13.5% and 0.90%, respectively. The morbidity rates in Zhejiang (2.12/100 000), Jiangxi (2.01/100 000) and Beijing (1.93/100 000) ranked top three. The characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum varied from province to province. The first three provinces (autonomous region, municipality) with high severity rates were Tianjin (45.6%), Xinjiang (35.5%) and Heilongjiang (29.5%). The case-fatality rate was highest in Xinjiang (3.95%), followed by Hainan (3.57%) and Heilongjiang (2.70%). The average spread ratio was 0.98 and the spread intensity varied from province to province. Tibet had the lowest spread ratio (0), followed by Qinghai (0.20) and Guangdong (0.23). Conclusion: The intervention measures were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 and improved treatment effect in China. However, there were significant differences among different regions in severity, case-fatality rate and spread ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - S Y Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J Geng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - P Y Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - R N Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - M Z Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Y F Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - R G Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - W D Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - H Y Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - G C Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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