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Huang X, You L, Nepovimova E, Psotka M, Malinak D, Valko M, Sivak L, Korabecny J, Heger Z, Adam V, Wu Q, Kuca K. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2237209. [PMID: 37489050 PMCID: PMC10392309 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKK) are two structurally related families of kinases that play vital roles in cell growth and DNA damage repair. Dysfunction of PIKK members and aberrant stimulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are linked to a plethora of diseases including cancer. In recent decades, numerous inhibitors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling have made great strides in cancer treatment, like copanlisib and sirolimus. Notably, most of the PIKK inhibitors (such as VX-970 and M3814) related to DNA damage response have also shown good efficacy in clinical trials. However, these drugs still require a suitable combination therapy to overcome drug resistance or improve antitumor activity. Based on the aforementioned facts, we summarised the efficacy of PIKK, PI3K, and AKT inhibitors in the therapy of human malignancies and the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, in order to provide deeper insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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de Melo Gomes LC, de Oliveira Cunha AB, Peixoto LFF, Zanon RG, Botelho FV, Silva MJB, Pinto-Fochi ME, Góes RM, de Paoli F, Ribeiro DL. Photodynamic therapy reduces cell viability, migration and triggers necroptosis in prostate tumor cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00382-9. [PMID: 36867369 PMCID: PMC9983546 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, aside from skin cancer. As an alternative cancer treatment, photodynamic laser therapy (PDT) can be used to induce cell death. We evaluated the PDT effect, using methylene blue as a photosensitizer, in human prostate tumor cells (PC3). PC3 were subjected to four different conditions: DMEM (control); laser treatment (L-660 nm, 100 mW, 100 J.cm-2); methylene blue treatment (MB-25 μM, 30 min), and MB treatment followed by low-level red laser irradiation (MB-PDT). Groups were evaluated after 24 h. MB-PDT treatment reduced cell viability and migration. However, because MB-PDT did not significantly increase the levels of active caspase-3 and BCL-2, apoptosis was not the primary mode of cell death. MB-PDT, on the other hand, increased the acid compartment by 100% and the LC3 immunofluorescence (an autophagy marker) by 254%. Active MLKL level, a necroptosis marker, was higher in PC3 cells after MB-PDT treatment. Furthermore, MB-PDT resulted in oxidative stress due to a decrease in total antioxidant potential, catalase levels, and increased lipid peroxidation. According to these findings, MB-PDT therapy is effective at inducing oxidative stress and reducing PC3 cell viability. In such therapy, necroptosis is also an important mechanism of cell death triggered by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calazans de Melo Gomes
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Amanda Branquinho de Oliveira Cunha
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Fernandes Peixoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Department of Anatomy. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades Dos Grandes Lagos, São José Do Rio Preto-São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Paoli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora-UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zhang C, Horikawa M, Kahyo T, Matsudaira T, Tanaka T, Xu L, Takei S, Setou M. Glutaraldehyde and uranyl acetate dual fixation combined sputtering/unroofing enables intracellular fatty acids TOF-SIMS imaging with organelle-corresponding subcellular distribution. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:324-333. [PMID: 35762441 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have diverse functions in cellular activities. The intracellular distribution of FAs is critical for their functions. Imaging of FAs by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has been achieved. However, TOF-SIMS images of FAs so far do not have subcellular distribution due to inadequate sample preparation methods. In this study, we developed a chemical fixation method using glutaraldehyde (GA) with uranyl acetate (UA), which preserved cellular structure and intracellular FA distribution well. Combining GA+UA fixation with sputtering-based methods and unroofing-based methods, respectively, we successfully imaged intracellular lipids with the subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takaomi Matsudaira
- Analysis and Evaluation Division, Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan, 1-18-6 Kitami, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0067, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tanaka
- Analysis and Evaluation Division, Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan, 1-18-6 Kitami, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0067, Japan
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Department of Environmental Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Shaheen F, Hammad Aziz M, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Fatima M, Ahmad R, Hanif A, Anwar S, Zafar F, Abbas G, Ali SM, Ahmed M. An In Vitro Study of the Photodynamic Effectiveness of GO-Ag Nanocomposites against Human Breast Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E401. [PMID: 29160836 PMCID: PMC5707618 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have garnered significant attention because of their versatile bioapplications and extraordinary properties. Graphene oxide (GO) is an extremely oxidized form of graphene accompanied by the functional groups of oxygen on its surface. GO is an outstanding platform on which to pacify silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GO-Ag) nanocomposite. In this experimental study, the toxicity of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites was assessed in an in vitro human breast cancer model to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy. GO-Ag was prepared using the hydrothermal method, and characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The experiments were done both with laser exposure, as well as in darkness, to examine the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity of the GO-Ag was confirmed via a methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species production analysis. The phototoxic effect explored the dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability, as well as provoked cell death via apoptosis. An enormously significant escalation of ¹O₂ in the samples when exposed to daylight was perceived. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of the results, with p-values < 0.05 selected as significant. These outcomes suggest that GO-Ag nanocomposites could serve as potential candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Shaheen
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hammad Aziz
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore 45650, Islamabad.
| | - Mahvish Fatima
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College (GC) University, Church Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saqib Anwar
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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