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Jomova K, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1323-1367. [PMID: 38483584 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Oleksak P, Nepovimova E, Valko M, Alwasel S, Alomar S, Kuca K. Comprehensive analysis of prohibited substances and methods in sports: Unveiling trends, pharmacokinetics, and WADA evolution. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 108:104447. [PMID: 38636744 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This review systematically compiles sports-related drugs, substances, and methodologies based on the most frequently detected findings from prohibited lists published annually by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) between 2003 and 2021. Aligned with structure of the 2023 prohibited list, it covers all proscribed items and details the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of five representatives from each section. Notably, it explores significant metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with these substances. Adverse analytical findings are summarized in tables for clarity, and the prevalence is visually represented through charts. The review includes a concise historical overview of doping and WADA's role, examining modifications in the prohibited list for an understanding of evolving anti-doping measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Huang X, You L, Nepovimova E, Psotka M, Malinak D, Valko M, Sivak L, Korabecny J, Heger Z, Adam V, Wu Q, Kuca K. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2237209. [PMID: 37489050 PMCID: PMC10392309 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKK) are two structurally related families of kinases that play vital roles in cell growth and DNA damage repair. Dysfunction of PIKK members and aberrant stimulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are linked to a plethora of diseases including cancer. In recent decades, numerous inhibitors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling have made great strides in cancer treatment, like copanlisib and sirolimus. Notably, most of the PIKK inhibitors (such as VX-970 and M3814) related to DNA damage response have also shown good efficacy in clinical trials. However, these drugs still require a suitable combination therapy to overcome drug resistance or improve antitumor activity. Based on the aforementioned facts, we summarised the efficacy of PIKK, PI3K, and AKT inhibitors in the therapy of human malignancies and the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, in order to provide deeper insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Chrienova Z, Rysanek D, Novak J, Vasicova P, Oleksak P, Andrys R, Skarka A, Dumanovic J, Milovanovic Z, Jacevic V, Chvojkova M, Holubova K, Vales K, Skoupilova V, Valko M, Jomova K, Alomar SY, Botelho FD, Franca TCC, Kuca K, Hodny Z, Nepovimova E. Frentizole derivatives with mTOR inhibiting and senomorphic properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115600. [PMID: 37783152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frentizole is immunosuppressive drug with low acute toxicity and lifespan-prolonging effect. Recently, frentizole´s potential to disrupt toxic amyloid β (Aβ) - Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) interaction in mitochondria in Alzheimer´s brains has been revealed. Another broadly studied drug with anti-aging and immunosuppressive properties is an mTOR inhibitor - rapamycin. Since we do not yet precisely know what is behind the lifespan-prolonging effect of rapamycin and frentizole, whether it is the ability to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway, reduction in mitochondrial toxicity, immunosuppressive effect, or a combination of all of them, we have decided within our previous work to dock the entire in-house library of almost 240 Aβ-ABAD modulators into the FKBP-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain of mTOR in order to interlink mTOR-centric and mitochondrial free radical-centric theories of aging and thus to increase the chances of success. Based on the results of the docking study, molecular dynamic simulation and MM-PBSA calculations, we have selected nine frentizole-like compounds (1 - 9). Subsequently, we have determined their real physical-chemical properties (logP, logD, pKa and solubility in water and buffer), cytotoxic/cytostatic, mTOR inhibitory, and in vitro anti-senescence (senolytic and senomorphic) effects. Finally, the three best candidates (4, 8, and 9) have been forwarded for in vivo safety studies to assess their acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties. Based on obtained results, only compound 4 demonstrated the best results within in vitro testing, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and the lowest acute toxicity (LD50 in male mice 559 mg/kg; LD50 in female mice 575 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Novak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Dumanovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studenski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milovanovic
- Special Police Unit, Ministry of Interior, Trebevićka 12/A, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jacevic
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy & Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11 Crnotravska, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marketa Chvojkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Holubova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skoupilova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda D Botelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense (LMCBD), Military Institute of Engineering, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Deng Y, Adam V, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Wei W, Kuca K. c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in cellular senescence. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2089-2109. [PMID: 37335314 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence leads to decreased tissue regeneration and inflammation and is associated with diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms of cellular senescence are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. JNK can downregulate hypoxia inducible factor-1α to accelerate hypoxia-induced neuronal cell senescence. The activation of JNK inhibits mTOR activity and triggers autophagy, which promotes cellular senescence. JNK can upregulate the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 and accelerates cancer cell senescence; however, this signaling also mediates the expression of amphiregulin and PD-LI to achieve cancer cell immune evasion and prevents their senescence. The activation of JNK further triggers forkhead box O expression and its target gene Jafrac1 to extend the lifespan of Drosophila. JNK can also upregulate the expression of DNA repair protein poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 and heat shock protein to delay cellular senescence. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the function of JNK signaling in cellular senescence and includes a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated senescence evasion and oncogene-induced cellular senescence. We also summarize the research progress in anti-aging agents that target JNK signaling. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular targets of cellular senescence and provides insights into anti-aging, which may be used to develop drugs for the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Jomova K, Cvik M, Lauro P, Valko M, Cizmar E, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ. The role of redox active copper(II) on antioxidant properties of the flavonoid baicalein: DNA protection under Cu(II)-Fenton reaction and Cu(II)-ascorbate system conditions. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112244. [PMID: 37178556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are mediated by their functional hydroxyl groups, which are capable of both chelating redox active metals such as iron, copper and scavenging free radicals. In this paper, the antioxidant vs. prooxidant and DNA protecting properties of baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes were studied under the conditions of the Copper-Fenton reaction and of the Copper-Ascorbate system. From the relevant EPR spectra, the interaction of baicalein with Cu(II) ions was confirmed, while UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated a greater stability over time of Cu(II)-baicalein complexes in DMSO than in methanol and PBS and Phosphate buffers. An ABTS study confirmed a moderate ROS scavenging efficiency, at around 37%, for both free baicalein and Cu(II)-baicalein complexes (in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2). The results from absorption titrations are in agreement with those from viscometric studies and confirmed that the binding mode between DNA and both free baicalein and Cu-baicalein complexes, involves hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The DNA protective effect of baicalein has been investigated by means of gel electrophoresis under the conditions of the Cu-catalyzed Fenton reaction and of the Cu-Ascorbate system. In both cases, it was found that, at sufficiently high concentrations, baicalein offers some protection to cells from DNA damage caused by ROS (singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radical anions). Accordingly, baicalein may be useful as a therapeutic agent in diseases with a disturbed metabolism of redox metals such as copper, for example Alzheimer's disease, Wilson's disease and various cancers. While therapeutically sufficient concentrations of baicalein may protect neuronal cells from Cu-Fenton-induced DNA damage in regard to neurological conditions, conversely, in the case of cancers, low concentrations of baicalein do not inhibit the pro-oxidant effect of copper ions and ascorbate, which can, in turn, deliver an effective damage to DNA in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia.
| | - Marcel Cvik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erik Cizmar
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, University of P. J. Safarik, Park Angelinum 9, Kosice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Gao H, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K, Adam V. Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106841. [PMID: 37385572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions and regulates cellular senescence by modulating the levels of the senescence markers p16, p53, lamin B1, and cyclin D1. Hypoxia is a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which is promoted by driving the expression of genetic factors (such as p53 and CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is activated by targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, which subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 as well as p16Ink4a and increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Deletion of the p21 gene increases the activity of the hypoxia response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the level of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, and alleviates cellular senescence. Moreover, cellular senescence is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and an accumulation of D-galactose derived from the gut microbiota. Chronic hypoxia leads to a striking reduction in the amount of Lactobacillus and D-galactose-degrading enzymes in the gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence. miR-424-5p levels are decreased under hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 levels are increased, both of which induce cellular senescence. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. The effects of HIFs, immune evasion, PARP-1, gut microbiota, and exosomal mRNA in hypoxia-mediated cell senescence are specifically discussed. This review increases our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated cellular senescence and provides new clues for anti-aging processes and the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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Masood AB, Batool S, Bhatti SN, Ali A, Valko M, Jomova K, Kuca K. Plasma PD-L1 as a biomarker in the clinical management of glioblastoma multiforme-a retrospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202098. [PMID: 37529045 PMCID: PMC10387524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive, malignant, and therapy-resistant tumor of the brain. Blockade therapy targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand (PD-L1) axis is currently under investigation for the clinical management of the GBM. This study has quantified the plasma levels of PD-L1 as a biomarker for the clinical management of GBM. Methods A cohort (n = 128) of Pakistani adult glioblastoma patients together with age- and sex-matched healthy controls was used for quantification of pre-surgery levels of plasma PD-L1. PD-L1 protein and mRNA were measured by PD-L1 platinum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compute area under the curve (AUC) for specificity and sensitivity analyses. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to compute overall survival. Results PD-L1 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in GBM compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Mean PD-L1 concentration for the GBM was found to be 48.98 ± 2.290 pg/ml compared to 27.63 ± 1.281 pg/ml for controls. Gene expression analysis showed statistically significant upregulation (p < 0.0001) of PD-L1 in blood of GBM compared to healthy controls. Plasma PD-L1 showed an AUC of 0.840 (p < 0.0001; 95% CI = 0.7716 to 0.9090) where a cutoff value higher than 46 pg/ml demonstrated 100% specificity and 57.81% sensitivity. Higher pre-surgery levels of PD-L1 were found to be associated with overall poor survival [p < 0.0001; HR (log-rank) = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.15]. Age, gender, and ethnic background were not found to be associated with plasma PD-L1 levels. Conclusion The study concludes that blood-based measurements of PD-L1 in GBM can be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target besides a rapid and relatively non-invasive screening tool for routine clinical management. Future work extending the analysis to larger cohorts through multi-center collaborations involving pre-treatment and post-treatment groups is required to fully explore the usefulness of circulating PD-L1 for effective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aetsam Bin Masood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Nazir Bhatti
- Neurosurgery Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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Abdullah Z, Ashraf MU, Barkat K, Badshah SF, Rehman U, Razzaq A, Mahmood A, Ulhaq F, Chopra H, Rashid S, Valko M, Alomar S, Kuca K, Sharma R. Formulation of pH-responsive highly swellable hydrogel scaffolds for controlled release of tramadol HCl: characterization and biocompatibility evaluation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1190322. [PMID: 37304144 PMCID: PMC10250648 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of current project was to formulate a system for controlled delivery of Tramadol HCl (TRD), an opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Methods: For this purpose, a pH responsive AvT-co-poly hydrogel network was formulated through free radical polymerization by incorporating natural polymers i.e., aloe vera gel and tamarind gum, monomer and crosslinker. Formulated hydrogels were loaded with Tramadol HCl (TRD) and evaluated for percent drug loading, sol-gel fraction, dynamic and equilibrium swelling, morphological characteristics, structural features and in-vitro release of Tramadol HCl. Results and Discussions: Hydrogels were proved to be pH sensitive as remarkable dynamic swelling response ranging within 2.94g/g-10.81g/g was noticed at pH 7.4 as compared to pH 1.2. Percent drug loading was in the range of 70.28%-90.64% for all formulations. Thermal stability and compatibility of hydrogel components were validated by DSC analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Controlled release pattern of Tramadol HCl from the polymeric network was confirmed as maximum release of 92.22% was observed for over a period of 24 hours at pH 7.4. Moreover, oral toxicity studies were also conducted in rabbits to investigate the safety of hydrogels. No evidence of any toxicity, lesions and degeneration was reported, confirming the biocompatibility and safety of grafted system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Umaira Rehman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asma Razzaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Farid Ulhaq
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Valko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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You L, Nepovimova E, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins and cellular senescence: the impact of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and immunosuppression. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:393-404. [PMID: 36434400 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and cause immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, emerging evidence show that mycotoxins have a potential of inducing cellular senescence, which are involved in their immunomodulatory effects. Mycotoxins upregulate the expression of senescence markers γ-H2AX, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p53, p16, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inflammatory factors. Moreover, mycotoxins cause senescence-associated cell cycle arrest by diminishing cyclin D1 and Cdk4 pathways, as well as increasing the expression of p53, p21, and CDK6. Mycotoxins may induce cellular senescence by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. In addition, hypoxia acts as a double-edged sword on cell senescence; it could both act as the stress-induced senescence and also hinder the onset of cellular senescence. The SASP inflammatory factors have the ability to induce an immunosuppressive environment, while mycotoxins directly cause immunosuppression. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between mycotoxins and cellular senescence that synergistically cause immunosuppression. However, most of the current studies have involved the effect of mycotoxins on cell cycle arrest, but only limited in-depth research has been carried out to link the occurrence of this condition (cell cycle arrest) with cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Essential metals in health and disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110173. [PMID: 36152810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In total, twenty elements appear to be essential for the correct functioning of the human body, half of which are metals and half are non-metals. Among those metals that are currently considered to be essential for normal biological functioning are four main group elements, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), and six d-block transition metal elements, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Cells have developed various metallo-regulatory mechanisms for maintaining a necessary homeostasis of metal-ions for diverse cellular processes, most importantly in the central nervous system. Since redox active transition metals (for example Fe and Cu) may participate in electron transfer reactions, their homeostasis must be carefully controlled. The catalytic behaviour of redox metals which have escaped control, e.g. via the Fenton reaction, results in the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals, which may cause damage to DNA, proteins and membranes. Transition metals are integral parts of the active centers of numerous enzymes (e.g. Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Catalase) which catalyze chemical reactions at physiologically compatible rates. Either a deficiency, or an excess of essential metals may result in various disease states arising in an organism. Some typical ailments that are characterized by a disturbed homeostasis of redox active metals include neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disorders), mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. To comprehend more deeply the mechanisms by which essential metals, acting either alone or in combination, and/or through their interaction with non-essential metals (e.g. chromium) function in biological systems will require the application of a broader, more interdisciplinary approach than has mainly been used so far. It is clear that a stronger cooperation between bioinorganic chemists and biophysicists - who have already achieved great success in understanding the structure and role of metalloenzymes in living systems - with biologists, will access new avenues of research in the systems biology of metal ions. With this in mind, the present paper reviews selected chemical and biological aspects of metal ions and their possible interactions in living systems under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Makova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia; King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Kumar H, Valko M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Cruz-Martins N, Kuča K, Kumar D. Electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of colistin in chicken liver. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:190. [PMID: 35910287 PMCID: PMC9325936 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative amperometric immunosensor has been developed to detect antibiotic colistin from the chicken liver. Colistin is a antibacterial peptide that has been barred for human consumption, but it is being commonly used as a veterinary drug, and as a feed additive for livestock. In the present work, an immunosensor was developed by immobilizing an anti-colistin Ab onto the CNF/AuNPs surface of the screen-printed electrode. The sensor records electrochemical response in the chicken liver spiked with colistin with CV. Additionally, the characterization of electrode surface was done with FE-SEM, FTIR, and EIS at each step of fabrication. The lower LOD was 0.89 μgKg-1, with a R 2 of 0.901 using CV. Further validation of the immunosensor was conducted using commercial chicken liver samples, by comparing the results to those obtained using traditional methods. The fabricated immunosensor showed high specificity towards colistin, which remained stable for 6 months but with a 13% loss in the initial CV current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Y. Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD Portugal
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229 India
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Raghuvanshi D, Sharma K, Verma R, Kumar D, Kumar H, Khan A, Valko M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. Phytochemistry, and pharmacological efficacy of Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. (Lashuda): A therapeutic medicinal plant of Himachal Pradesh. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Patel R, Wee S, Ramaswamy R, Thadani S, Guruswamy G, Garg R, Calvanese N, Valko M, Rush A, Rentería M, Sarkar J, Kollins S. NeuroBlu: a natural language processing (NLP) electronic health record (EHR) data analytic tool to generate real-world evidence in mental healthcare. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563510 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
EHRs contain a rich source of real-world data that can support evidence generation to better understand mental disorders and improve treatment outcomes. However, EHR datasets are complex and include unstructured free text data that are time consuming to manually review and analyse. We present NeuroBlu, a secure, cloud-based analytic tool that includes bespoke NLP software to enable users to analyse large volumes of EHR data to generate real-world evidence in mental healthcare. ![]()
Objectives (i) To assemble a large mental health EHR dataset in a secure, cloud-based environment. (ii) To apply NLP software to extract data on clinical features as part of the Mental State Examination (MSE). (iii) To analyse the distribution of NLP-derived MSE features by psychiatric diagnosis. Methods EHR data from 25 U.S. mental healthcare providers were de-identified and transformed into a common data model. NLP models were developed to extract 241 MSE features using a deep learning, long short-term memory (LSTM) approach. The NeuroBlu tool (https://www.neuroblu.ai/) was used to analyse the associations of MSE features in 543,849 patients. ![]()
Results The figure below illustrates the percentage of patients in each diagnostic category with at least one recorded MSE feature. ![]()
Conclusions Delusions and hallucinations were more likely to be recorded in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and cognitive features were more likely to be recorded in people with dementia. However, mood symptoms were frequently recorded across all diagnoses illustrating their importance as a transdiagnostic clinical feature. NLP-derived clinical information could enhance the potential of EHR data to generate real-world evidence in mental healthcare. Disclosure This study was funded in full by Holmusk.
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Jomova K, Hudecova L, Lauro P, Simunková M, Barbierikova Z, Malcek M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. The effect of Luteolin on DNA damage mediated by a copper catalyzed Fenton reaction. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111635. [PMID: 34717250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin has been reviewed as a flavonoid possessing potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activities. Having multiple biological effects, luteolin may act as either an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant. In this work, the protective role of copper(II)-chelation by luteolin on DNA damage via the Cu-Fenton reaction was studied. EPR and UV-vis spectroscopic data demonstrated that the luteolin, lacking 3-OH group, chelates to Cu(II) via the 5-OH and 4-CO groups, respectively. EPR spin trapping experiments using DMPO spin trap confirmed that the coordination of luteolin to Cu(II) significantly suppressed formation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals (by 80%) in a Cu-Fenton system. Absorption titrations showed that the chelation of Cu(II) by luteolin slightly increased the mild intercalation strength of its interaction with DNA, as compared with free luteolin. Comparison with kaempferol and quercetin revealed, that the strength of the interaction between the free flavonoids/Cu-flavonoid complexes with DNA is only mildly affected by the presence/absence of 3-OH group. Due to the differences in the sensitivities of absorption titrations and viscometry, the latter confirmed weaker DNA intercalating efficiency of Cu-luteolin complex than does free luteolin. A dose dependent protective effect of luteolin against ROS-induced DNA damage was observed using gel electrophoresis. This effect was more pronounced compared to quercetin and kaempferol. In conclusion, the administration of luteolin to patients suffering from oxidative stress-related diseases with disturbed Cu-metabolism such as Alzheimer's diseases (antioxidant effect) and certain cancers (prooxidant effect) may have several health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbierikova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Malcek
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alhazza
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Konecny J, Misiachna A, Hrabinova M, Pulkrabkova L, Benkova M, Prchal L, Kucera T, Kobrlova T, Finger V, Kolcheva M, Kortus S, Jun D, Valko M, Horak M, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Pursuing the Complexity of Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of Fluoren-9-Amines as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors and N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010003. [PMID: 33375115 PMCID: PMC7822176 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder with unknown etiology. Currently, only symptomatic therapy of AD is available, comprising cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Drugs targeting only one pathological condition have generated only limited efficacy. Thus, combining two or more therapeutic interventions into one molecule is believed to provide higher benefit for the treatment of AD. In the presented study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated 15 novel fluoren-9-amine derivatives. The in silico prediction suggested both the oral availability and permeation through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). An initial assessment of the biological profile included determination of the cholinesterase inhibition and NMDA receptor antagonism at the GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2B subunits, along with a low cytotoxicity profile in the CHO-K1 cell line. Interestingly, compounds revealed a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition pattern with antagonistic activity on the NMDARs. Their interaction with butyrylcholinesterase was elucidated by studying enzyme kinetics for compound 3c in tandem with the in silico docking simulation. The docking study showed the interaction of the tricyclic core of new derivatives with Trp82 within the anionic site of the enzyme in a similar way as the template drug tacrine. From the kinetic analysis, it is apparent that 3c is a competitive inhibitor of BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Konecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lenka Pulkrabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Finger
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marharyta Kolcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kortus
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
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Hudecova L, Jomova K, Lauro P, Simunkova M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Moncol J, Valko M. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of bifunctional cooper(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, flufenamic, mefenamic and tolfenamic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCooper(ii) complexes represent a promising group of compounds with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In the present work, a series of Cu(ii) complexes containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tolfenamic acid, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid as their redox-cycling functionalities, and 1,10-phenanthroline as an intercalating component, has been studied. The antibacterial activities of all three complexes, [Cu(tolf-O,O′)2(phen)] (1), [Cu(mef-O,O′)2(phen)] (2) and [Cu(fluf-O,O′)2(phen)] (3), were tested against the prokaryotic model organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and their antifungal activities were evaluated towards the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The antibacterial activity of both strains has been compared with the antibiotic Neomycin. The calculated IC50 values revealed slight differences in the antibacterial activities of the complexes in the order 1 ∼ 3 > 2. The most profound growth inhibition of E. coli was observed, at its highest concentration, for the complex 1, which contains chlorine atoms in the ligand environment. The trend obtained from IC50 values is generally in agreement with the determined MIC values. Similarly, the complex 1 showed the greatest growth inhibition of the yeast S. cerevisiae and the overall antifungal activities of the Cu(ii) complexes were found to follow the order 1 > 3 ≫ 2. However, for complex 2, even at the highest concentration tested (150 μM), a 50% decrease in yeast growth was not achieved. It appears that the most potent antimicrobial and antifungal Cu(ii) complexes are those containing halogenated NSAIDs. The mechanisms by which Cu(ii) complexes cause antibacterial and antifungal activities can be understood on the basis of redox-cycling reactions between cupric and cuprous species which lead to the formation of free radicals. The higher efficacy of the Cu(ii) complexes against bacterial cells may be due to an absence of membrane-protected nuclear DNA, meaning that on entering a cell, they can interact directly with its DNA. Contrastingly, for the complexes to interact with the DNA in yeast cells, they must first penetrate through the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Moncol
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Segľa P, Pavlik J, Tatarko M, Valko M. XXVII. International Conference on Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry (27th ICCBIC), June 2019, Slovakia. Chem Pap 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Brogi S, Ramalho TC, Kuca K, Medina-Franco JL, Valko M. Editorial: In silico Methods for Drug Design and Discovery. Front Chem 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32850641 PMCID: PMC7427335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teodorico Castro Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Kralove, Czechia
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Jozefíková F, Perontsis S, Šimunková M, Barbieriková Z, Švorc L, Valko M, Psomas G, Moncol’ J. Novel copper(ii) complexes with fenamates and isonicotinamide: structure and properties, and interactions with DNA and serum albumin. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tolfenamic, meclofenamic, mefenamic, clonixic and niflumic acids with isonicotinamide and copper(ii) acetate resulted in the formation of five novel mixed-ligand Cu(ii) coordination compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Jozefíková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Spyros Perontsis
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- GR-54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Miriama Šimunková
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - L’ubomír Švorc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - George Psomas
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- GR-54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Ján Moncol’
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- Bratislava
- Slovakia
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23
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Jomová K, Hudecova L, Lauro P, Simunkova M, Alwasel SH, Alhazza IM, Valko M. A Switch between Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of the Phenolic Compounds Myricetin, Morin, 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone, Taxifolin and 4-Hydroxy-Coumarin in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions: A Spectroscopic, Absorption Titration and DNA Damage Study. Molecules 2019; 24:E4335. [PMID: 31783535 PMCID: PMC6930463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of polyphenols, predominantly in the context of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological conditions including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have been documented by a number of papers and reviews. The antioxidant/prooxidant properties of phenolic compounds are related mainly to the number and positions of hydroxyl groups and to their redox metal (Cu, Fe) chelating capacity. In this work we studied structurally distinct phenolic molecules such as myricetin, morin, 3',4'-dihydroxy-flavone, taxifolin and 4-hydroxycoumarin, either alone or as interacting with Cu2+ ions. EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed that the effective binding of cupric ions to phenolic compounds requires the presence of the 3-OH and 4-CO groups on the flavonoid C ring and unsaturated C2-C3 bond of the C-ring, which permits through-conjugation with the B-ring. An ABTS assay revealed that radical scavenging activities of phenolic compounds are related to their number of hydroxyl groups, planarity of the molecular skeleton, extent of delocalization and they decrease in the order: myricetin > morin > 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone ~ 4-hydroxy coumarin > taxifolin. Absorption titrations indicate that copper ions can modulate the DNA binding affinity of flavonoids via the formation of their Cu-chelates. Gel electrophoresis measurements indicated that the protective effect of the phenolic compounds decreases in the order: 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone > 4-OH coumarin > morin > taxifolin ~ myricetin. This can be explained by the fact that myricetin, taxifolin and morin form stable Cu(II) complexes capable of causing DNA damage via interaction with DNA and ROS formation via the Fenton reaction. Application of ROS scavengers revealed the formation of singlet oxygen, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their concerted synergistic effect on the DNA. The overall results suggest that the most pronounced DNA damage has been observed for flavonoids containing higher number of hydroxyl groups (including 3-OH group of the C ring), such as myricetin (six hydroxyl groups), morin and taxifolin (five hydroxyl groups) in the presence of Cu(II) ions. The proposed mechanism of action by which Cu(II) complexes of myricetin, morin and taxifolin interact with DNA predispose these substances to act as potential anticancer agents. The anticancer activity of phenolic compounds can be explained by their moderate prooxidant properties, which can boost ROS formation and kill cancer cells. Alternatively, slight prooxidant properties may activate antioxidant systems, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular antioxidants such as glutathione and thus act as preventive anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomová
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Lenka Hudecova
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (K.J.); (L.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Alhazza
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (I.M.A.)
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24
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Moncol J, Mazúr M, Valko M, Choi JH. Synthesis, structural characterization, EPR spectroscopy and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a novel Cu 2+-doped 3,14-diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.0 7,12]docosane bis(perchlorate). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:616-622. [PMID: 31166912 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclam derivatives and their metal complexes have been found to exhibit an anti-HIV effect and stimulate the activity of stem cells from bone marrow. The strength of their binding to the CXCR4 receptor correlates with anti-HIV and stem-cell activities. Knowledge of the conformation and crystal packing of various macrocyclic metal complexes has become important in developing new effective anti-HIV drugs. The synthesis and preparation of single crystals of a new Cu2+-doped macrocyclic compound, (3,14-diethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane)copper(II) bis(perchlorate)-3,14-diethyl-2,13-diaza-6,17-diazoniatricyclo[16.4.0.07,12]docosane bis(perchlorate) (0.69/0.31), {[Cu(C22H44N4)](ClO4)2}0.69·(C22H46N42+·2ClO4-)0.31, is reported. Characterization by X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the asymmetric unit contains half of a centrosymmetric molecule. The macrocyclic ligand in the compound adopts the most stable trans-III conformation. The Cu-N distances of 2.015 (3) and 2.047 (3) Å are normal, but the long axial Cu-O bond of 2.795 (3) Å may be due to a combination of the Jahn-Teller effect and the strong in-plane ligand field. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between secondary N-H groups, the N atoms of the macrocycle and the O atoms of the perchlorate anions. Hirshfeld surface analysis with 2D (two-dimensional) fingerprint plots indicates that the main contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (58.0%) and H...O/O...H (41.9%) interactions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Mazúr
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jong Ha Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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25
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Jomova K, Lawson M, Drostinova L, Lauro P, Poprac P, Brezova V, Michalik M, Lukes V, Valko M. Protective role of quercetin against copper(II)-induced oxidative stress: A spectroscopic, theoretical and DNA damage study. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:340-350. [PMID: 29107026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The radical scavenging and metal chelating properties of flavonoids indicate that they may play a protective role in diseases with perturbed metal homeostasis such as Alzheimer's disease. In this work we investigated the effect of the coordination of quercetin to copper(II) in view of the formation of ROS in Cu-catalyzed Fenton reaction. ABTS and DPPH assays confirmed that the copper(II)-quercetin complex exhibits a stronger radical scavenging activity than does quercetin alone. EPR spin trapping experiments have shown that chelation of quercetin to copper significantly suppressed the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the Cu(II)-Fenton reaction. DNA damage experiments revealed a protective effect for quercetin, but only at higher stoichiometric ratios of quercetin relative to copper. DNA protective effect of quercetin against ROS attack was described by two mechanisms. The first mechanism lies in suppressed formation of ROS due to the decreased catalytic action of copper in the Fenton reaction, as a consequence of its chelation and direct scavenging of ROS by free quercetin. Since the Cu-quercetin complex intercalates into DNA, the second mechanism was attributed to a suppressed intercalating ability of the Cu-quercetin complex due to the mildly intercalating free quercetin into DNA, thus creating a protective wall against stronger intercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michael Lawson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Drostinova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Poprac
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Brezova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Michalik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Lukes
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Segľa P, Kuchtanin V, Tatarko M, Švorec J, Moncol J, Valko M. Structural study and magnetic properties of copper(II) thiophene-2-carboxylate with 4-pyridinemethanol and isonicotinamide. Chem Pap 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Poprac P, Jomova K, Simunkova M, Kollar V, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Targeting Free Radicals in Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:592-607. [PMID: 28551354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by (i) opposing biological mechanisms, (ii) an inverse correlation between their incidences, and (iii) oxidative stress being a common denominator of both diseases. Increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells from oncogenic signaling and/or metabolic disturbances leads to upregulation of cellular antioxidant capacity to maintain ROS levels below a toxic threshold. Combining drugs that induce high levels of ROS with compounds that suppress cellular antioxidant capacity by depleting antioxidant systems [glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thioredoxin (TRX)] and/or targeting glucose metabolism represents a potential anticancer strategy. In AD, free metals and/or Aβ:metal complexes may cause damage to biomolecules in the brain (via Fenton reaction), including DNA. Metal chelation, based on the application of selective metal chelators or metal delivery, may induce neuroprotective signaling and represents a promising therapeutic strategy. This review examines therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of oxidative stress in cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Poprac
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Simunkova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Kollar
- School of Economics and Management in Public Administration in Bratislava, Furdekova 16, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Jozef H, Danica Č, Lawson MK, Růžičková Z, Jorík V, Koman M, Valko M, Kozlevčar B, Moncol J. Self-assembly hydrogen-bonded supramolecular arrays from copper(II) halogenobenzoates with nicotinamide:Structure and EPR spectra‡. Chemical Papers 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide was employed as a supramolecular reagent in the synthesis of six new copper(II) bromo-, iodo-, fluoro- and dibromobenzoate complexes. Structures of [Cu(2-Brbz)
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Valko M, Jomova K, Rhodes CJ, Kuča K, Musílek K. Redox- and non-redox-metal-induced formation of free radicals and their role in human disease. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sepsova V, Karasova JZ, Tobin G, Jun D, Korabecny J, Cabelova P, Janska K, Krusek J, Skrenkova K, Kuca K, Valko M, Soukup O. Cholinergic properties of new 7-methoxytacrine-donepezil derivatives. Gen Physiol Biophys 2015; 34:189-200. [DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2014036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gala L, Lawson M, Jomova K, Zelenicky L, Congradyova A, Mazur M, Valko M. EPR spectroscopy of a clinically active (1:2) copper(II)-histidine complex used in the treatment of Menkes disease: a Fourier transform analysis of a fluid CW-EPR spectrum. Molecules 2014; 19:980-91. [PMID: 24434671 PMCID: PMC6271212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox active transition metal ions (e.g., iron and copper) have been implicated in the etiology of many oxidative stress-related diseases including also neurodegenerative disorders. Unbound copper can catalyze formation of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radicals) via Fenton reaction/Haber–Weiss chemistry and therefore, under physiological conditions, free copper is potentially toxic and very rarely exists inside cells. Copper(II) bound to the aminoacid l-histidine represents a species discovered in blood in the mid 60s and since then extensive research on this complex was carried out. Copper bound to l-histidine represents an exchangeable pool of copper(II) in equilibrium with the most abundant blood plasma protein, human serum albumin. The structure of this complex, in aqueous solution, has been a subject of many studies and reviews, however without convincing success. The significance of the (1:2) copper(II)-l-histidine complex at physiological pH documents its therapeutic applications in the treatment of Menkes disease and more recently in the treatment of infantile hypertrophic cardioencephalomyopathy. While recently the (1:2) Cu(II)-l-His complex has been successfully crystallized and the crystal structure was solved by X-ray diffraction, the structure of the complex in fluid solution at physiological pH is not satisfactorily known. The aim of this paper is to study the (1:2) Cu(II)-l-histidine complex at low temperatures by X-band and S-band EPR spectroscopy and at physiological pH at room temperature by Fourier transform CW-EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gala
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Michael Lawson
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Lubomir Zelenicky
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Congradyova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Mazur
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
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Jomova K, Valko M. Health protective effects of carotenoids and their interactions with other biological antioxidants. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:102-10. [PMID: 24141200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments attracting attention of physicists, chemists and biologists due to their multiple functions in the nature. While carotenoids have unusually high extinction coefficients, they do not exhibit adequate emission. This fact has resulted in detailed studies of photophysical and photochemical properties of carotenoids and their role as light-harvesting pigments in photosynthesis. Carotenoids are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables and are considered as important species with beneficial effect on human health by decreasing the risk of various diseases, particularly decreasing the incidence of cancers and eye disease. More trials are needed to ascertain the role of carotenoids in prevention of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease. Carotenoids effectively scavenge peroxyl radicals and act predominantly as antioxidants. However, under conditions of increased concentration of oxygen and carotenoid concentration, beta-carotene was found to exhibit prooxidant behaviour. Photophysical properties of carotenoids and conditions affecting a switch between antioxidant and prooxidant behaviour of carotenoids are the main aims of this review. In addition, the localization of carotenoids in biological membranes, their interactions and reactions with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) as well as their redox potentials are discussed in view of their antioxidant properties as beneficial species in preventing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
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Husáriková L, Repická Z, Valigura D, Valko M, Mazúr M. 3-Pyridylmethanol vs. N,N′-diethylnicotinamide in copper(II) complex formation – A comparative EPR study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jomova K, Valko M. Importance of iron chelation in free radical-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 17:3460-73. [PMID: 21902663 DOI: 10.2174/138161211798072463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a redox active metal involved in the oxidation-reduction reactions and regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Iron is an integral part of many proteins and enzymes that maintains various physiological functions. Most of the human body's iron is contained in red blood cells. Despite iron being an abundant trace metal in food, millions of people worldwide suffer from anemia. Iron deficiency results in impaired production of iron-containing proteins and inhibition of cell growth. In contrast, abnormal iron uptake has been related to the most common hereditary disease hemochromatosis, leading to tissue damage derived from free radical toxicity. In addition, disruption of iron regulation plays a key role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Friedreich's ataxia and other neurological disorders, cancer (lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer), Fanconi anemia, stroke and ageing. Thus the control of this necessary but potentially toxic substance is an important part of many aspects of human health and disease. The most frequent is the toxic role of iron linked with the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (Fenton reaction) leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing damage to biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. The binding of iron-designed chelators via nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur donor atoms blocks iron s ability to catalyze the formation of free radicals. Thus the design of various metal chelators to prevent free radical reactions is an important approach in the treatment of many iron-related diseases. The development of effective dual functioning antioxidants, possessing both metal-chelating and free radical-scavenging properties is awaited. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of iron and importance of iron-chelation in human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Moncol J, Jomova K, Zelenicky L, Lis T, Valko M. A tetranuclear copper(II) cluster: bis(μ-4-chlorobenzoato-κ2O:O′)(4-chlorobenzoato-κ2O,O′)(4-chlorobenzoato-κO)tetrakis(μ3-2-pyridylmethanolato-κ4N,O:O:O)tetracopper(II). Acta Crystallogr C 2011; 67:m318-20. [DOI: 10.1107/s010827011103335x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2073] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Jomova K, Jenisova Z, Feszterova M, Baros S, Liska J, Hudecova D, Rhodes CJ, Valko M. Arsenic: toxicity, oxidative stress and human disease. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:95-107. [PMID: 21321970 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid element that is present in air, water and soil. Inorganic arsenic tends to be more toxic than organic arsenic. Examples of methylated organic arsenicals include monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage is a common denominator in arsenic pathogenesis. In addition, arsenic induces morphological changes in the integrity of mitochondria. Cascade mechanisms of free radical formation derived from the superoxide radical, combined with glutathione-depleting agents, increase the sensitivity of cells to arsenic toxicity. When both humans and animals are exposed to arsenic, they experience an increased formation of ROS/RNS, including peroxyl radicals (ROO•), the superoxide radical, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical (OH•) via the Fenton reaction, hydrogen peroxide, the dimethylarsenic radical, the dimethylarsenic peroxyl radical and/or oxidant-induced DNA damage. Arsenic induces the formation of oxidized lipids which in turn generate several bioactive molecules (ROS, peroxides and isoprostanes), of which aldehydes [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE)] are the major end products. This review discusses aspects of chronic and acute exposures of arsenic in the etiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease (hypertension and atherosclerosis), neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver disease and renal disease, reproductive health effects, dermal changes and other health disorders. The role of antioxidant defence systems against arsenic toxicity is also discussed. Consideration is given to the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (α-tocopherol), curcumin, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in their protective roles against arsenic-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia
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Vasková Z, Moncol J, Korabik M, Medvecká J, Švorec J, Padělková Z, Valko M, Valigura D. 2D-supramolecular layers built of antiferromagnetically coupled [Cu(x-O2Nbz)2(denia)1(H2O)1]n 1D-polymers with (10) and (12) supramolecular synthons. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Jomová K, Kysel O, Madden J, Morris H, Enoch S, Budzak S, Young A, Cronin M, Mazur M, Valko M. Electron transfer from all-trans β-carotene to the t-butyl peroxyl radical at low oxygen pressure (an EPR spectroscopy and computational study). Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Svorec J, Valko M, Moncol J, Mazúr M, Melník M, Telser J. Determination of intermolecular copper–copper distances from the EPR half-field transitions and their comparison with distances from X-ray structures: applications to copper(II) complexes with biologically important ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-008-9168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Moncol J, Maroszova J, Koman M, Melnik M, Valko M, Mazur M, Lis T. Self-assembly of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures of two copper(II) 2-bromobenzoate complexes with 4-pyridylmethanol and nicotinamide. J COORD CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970802146031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Moncol
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Maroszova
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Koman
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Melnik
- a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Valko
- b Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Mazur
- b Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak, Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- c Faculty of Chemistry , University of Wrocław , 14 Joliot-Curie St, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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Kleinová M, Hewitt M, Brezová V, Madden JC, Cronin MTD, Valko M. Antioxidant properties of carotenoids: QSAR prediction of their redox potentials. Gen Physiol Biophys 2007; 26:97-103. [PMID: 17660583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need to predict the antioxidant properties of molecules such as carotenoids. These compounds are of great interest due to their contribution to various important biological and industrial processes, including toxicity and fate. In our study, redox potentials were compiled from several literature sources. Redox potential values ranged from 537.2 mV for zeaxanthin up to 691.5 mV for beta-carotene; they correspond to the formation of cation radicals, using the standard calomel electrode (SCE). The redox potential values were measured using conventional electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was developed to model and consequently to predict the values of redox potential. The predicted values of redox potential for four external carotenoids, namely beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, cantaxanthin and astaxanthin, are presented and discussed. They indicate the dependence of redox potential on structure, donor and acceptor groups and polarisability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kleinová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, 812 37 Bratislava 1, Slovakia
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Valko M, Mazúr M, Morris H, Klement R, Williams CJ, Melník M. EFFECT OF COORDINATED BASE ON MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR OF COPPER(II) CARBOXYLATES WITH FATTY ACID CHAINS (AN ESR STUDY). J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970008022581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Valko
- a Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - M. Mazúr
- a Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - H. Morris
- b School of Pharmacy and Chemistry , Liverpool John Moores University , Byrom Street, Liverpool , L3 3AF , United Kingdom
| | - R. Klement
- a Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - C. J. Williams
- b School of Pharmacy and Chemistry , Liverpool John Moores University , Byrom Street, Liverpool , L3 3AF , United Kingdom
| | - M. Melník
- c Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology , Slovak Technical University , Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
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Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MTD, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 39:44-84. [PMID: 16978905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8392] [Impact Index Per Article: 466.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 05/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, e.g. nitric oxide, NO(*)) are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and RNS are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes, such as NO synthase (NOS) and NAD(P)H oxidase isoforms, respectively. Overproduction of ROS (arising either from mitochondrial electron-transport chain or excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H) results in oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins, and DNA. In contrast, beneficial effects of ROS/RNS (e.g. superoxide radical and nitric oxide) occur at low/moderate concentrations and involve physiological roles in cellular responses to noxia, as for example in defence against infectious agents, in the function of a number of cellular signalling pathways, and the induction of a mitogenic response. Ironically, various ROS-mediated actions in fact protect cells against ROS-induced oxidative stress and re-establish or maintain "redox balance" termed also "redox homeostasis". The "two-faced" character of ROS is clearly substantiated. For example, a growing body of evidence shows that ROS within cells act as secondary messengers in intracellular signalling cascades which induce and maintain the oncogenic phenotype of cancer cells, however, ROS can also induce cellular senescence and apoptosis and can therefore function as anti-tumourigenic species. This review will describe the: (i) chemistry and biochemistry of ROS/RNS and sources of free radical generation; (ii) damage to DNA, to proteins, and to lipids by free radicals; (iii) role of antioxidants (e.g. glutathione) in the maintenance of cellular "redox homeostasis"; (iv) overview of ROS-induced signaling pathways; (v) role of ROS in redox regulation of normal physiological functions, as well as (vi) role of ROS in pathophysiological implications of altered redox regulation (human diseases and ageing). Attention is focussed on the ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing. Topics of current debate are also reviewed such as the question whether excessive formation of free radicals is a primary cause or a downstream consequence of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Moncol J, Segla P, Miklos D, Mazur M, Melnik M, Glowiak T, Valko M, Koman M. Structural diversity of coordination polymers with bridging 3-pyridylmethanol ligand: New type of coordination polymer with different stereochemistry of copper(II) atom. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160:1-40. [PMID: 16430879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3844] [Impact Index Per Article: 213.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-free radicals, more generally known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. The "two-faced" character of ROS is substantiated by growing body of evidence that ROS within cells act as secondary messengers in intracellular signalling cascades, which induce and maintain the oncogenic phenotype of cancer cells, however, ROS can also induce cellular senescence and apoptosis and can therefore function as anti-tumourigenic species. The cumulative production of ROS/RNS through either endogenous or exogenous insults is termed oxidative stress and is common for many types of cancer cell that are linked with altered redox regulation of cellular signalling pathways. Oxidative stress induces a cellular redox imbalance which has been found to be present in various cancer cells compared with normal cells; the redox imbalance thus may be related to oncogenic stimulation. DNA mutation is a critical step in carcinogenesis and elevated levels of oxidative DNA lesions (8-OH-G) have been noted in various tumours, strongly implicating such damage in the etiology of cancer. It appears that the DNA damage is predominantly linked with the initiation process. This review examines the evidence for involvement of the oxidative stress in the carcinogenesis process. Attention is focused on structural, chemical and biochemical aspects of free radicals, the endogenous and exogenous sources of their generation, the metal (iron, copper, chromium, cobalt, vanadium, cadmium, arsenic, nickel)-mediated formation of free radicals (e.g. Fenton chemistry), the DNA damage (both mitochondrial and nuclear), the damage to lipids and proteins by free radicals, the phenomenon of oxidative stress, cancer and the redox environment of a cell, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the role of signalling cascades by ROS; in particular, ROS activation of AP-1 (activator protein) and NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa B) signal transduction pathways, which in turn lead to the transcription of genes involved in cell growth regulatory pathways. The role of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E, carotenoids, thiol antioxidants (glutathione, thioredoxin and lipoic acid), flavonoids, selenium and others) in the process of carcinogenesis as well as the antioxidant interactions with various regulatory factors, including Ref-1, NF-kappaB, AP-1 are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Technical University, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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