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Shmuel S, Monette S, Ibrahim D, Pereira PMR. PDX Models in Theranostic Applications: Generation and Screening for B Cell Lymphoma of Human Origin. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:569-576. [PMID: 38649626 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This MIB guide briefly summarizes the generation of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and highlights the importance of validating PDX models for the presence of B cell lymphoma of human origin before their use in radiotheranostic applications. The use of this protocol will allow researchers to learn different methods for screening PDX models for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Shmuel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dina Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Patrícia M R Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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2
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Obreque J, Vergara-Gómez L, Venegas N, Weber H, Owen GI, Pérez-Moreno P, Leal P, Roa JC, Bizama C. Advances towards the use of gastrointestinal tumor patient-derived organoids as a therapeutic decision-making tool. Biol Res 2023; 56:63. [PMID: 38041132 PMCID: PMC10693174 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2022 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed the requirement that drugs in development must undergo animal testing before clinical evaluation, a declaration that now demands the establishment and verification of ex vivo preclinical models that closely represent tumor complexity and that can predict therapeutic response. Fortunately, the emergence of patient-derived organoid (PDOs) culture has enabled the ex vivo mimicking of the pathophysiology of human tumors with the reassembly of tissue-specific features. These features include histopathological variability, molecular expression profiles, genetic and cellular heterogeneity of parental tissue, and furthermore growing evidence suggests the ability to predict patient therapeutic response. Concentrating on the highly lethal and heterogeneous gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, herein we present the state-of-the-art and the current methodology of PDOs. We highlight the potential additions, improvements and testing required to allow the ex vivo of study the tumor microenvironment, as well as offering commentary on the predictive value of clinical response to treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Obreque
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Venegas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Pearce DR, Akarca AU, De Maeyer RPH, Kostina E, Huebner A, Sivakumar M, Karasaki T, Shah K, Janes SM, McGranahan N, Reddy V, Akbar AN, Moore DA, Marafioti T, Swanton C, Hynds RE. Phenotyping of lymphoproliferative tumours generated in xenografts of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156743. [PMID: 37342197 PMCID: PMC10277614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models involve the engraftment of tumour tissue in immunocompromised mice and represent an important pre-clinical oncology research method. A limitation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PDX model derivation in NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice is that a subset of initial engraftments are of lymphocytic, rather than tumour origin. Methods The immunophenotype of lymphoproliferations arising in the lung TRACERx PDX pipeline were characterised. To present the histology data herein, we developed a Python-based tool for generating patient-level pathology overview figures from whole-slide image files; PATHOverview is available on GitHub (https://github.com/EpiCENTR-Lab/PATHOverview). Results Lymphoproliferations occurred in 17.8% of lung adenocarcinoma and 10% of lung squamous cell carcinoma transplantations, despite none of these patients having a prior or subsequent clinical history of lymphoproliferative disease. Lymphoproliferations were predominantly human CD20+ B cells and had the immunophenotype expected for post-transplantation diffuse large B cell lymphoma with plasma cell features. All lymphoproliferations expressed Epstein-Barr-encoded RNAs (EBER). Analysis of immunoglobulin light chain gene rearrangements in three tumours where multiple tumour regions had resulted in lymphoproliferations suggested that each had independent clonal origins. Discussion Overall, these data suggest that B cell clones with lymphoproliferative potential are present within primary NSCLC tumours, and that these are under continuous immune surveillance. Since these cells can be expanded following transplantation into NSG mice, our data highlight the value of quality control measures to identify lymphoproliferations within xenograft pipelines and support the incorporation of strategies to minimise lymphoproliferations during the early stages of xenograft establishment pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Pearce
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse U. Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emily Kostina
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Huebner
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Sivakumar
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kavina Shah
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Reddy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Moore
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Wu W, Cai C, Zhang H, Shen H, Han Y. Patient-derived xenograft models in cancer therapy: technologies and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:160. [PMID: 37045827 PMCID: PMC10097874 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, in which tumor tissues from patients are implanted into immunocompromised or humanized mice, have shown superiority in recapitulating the characteristics of cancer, such as the spatial structure of cancer and the intratumor heterogeneity of cancer. Moreover, PDX models retain the genomic features of patients across different stages, subtypes, and diversified treatment backgrounds. Optimized PDX engraftment procedures and modern technologies such as multi-omics and deep learning have enabled a more comprehensive depiction of the PDX molecular landscape and boosted the utilization of PDX models. These irreplaceable advantages make PDX models an ideal choice in cancer treatment studies, such as preclinical trials of novel drugs, validating novel drug combinations, screening drug-sensitive patients, and exploring drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we gave an overview of the history of PDX models and the process of PDX model establishment. Subsequently, the review presents the strengths and weaknesses of PDX models and highlights the integration of novel technologies in PDX model research. Finally, we delineated the broad application of PDX models in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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Shao S, Scholtz LU, Gendreizig S, Martínez-Ruiz L, Florido J, Escames G, Schürmann M, Hain C, Hose L, Mentz A, Schmidt P, Wang M, Goon P, Wehmeier M, Brasch F, Kalinowski J, Oppel F, Sudhoff H. Primary head and neck cancer cell cultures are susceptible to proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus infected lymphocytes. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36639629 PMCID: PMC9840248 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New concepts for a more effective anti-cancer therapy are urgently needed. Experimental flaws represent a major counter player of this development and lead to inaccurate and unreproducible data as well as unsuccessful translation of research approaches into clinics. In a previous study we have created epithelial cell cultures from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue. METHODS We characterize primary cell populations isolated from human papillomavirus positive HNSCC tissue for their marker expression by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. Their sensitivity to MDM2-inhibition was measured using cell viability assays. RESULTS Primary HNSCC cell cultures showed the delayed formation of spheroids at higher passages. These spheroids mimicked the morphology and growth characteristics of other established HNSCC spheroid models. However, expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers could not be detected in these cells despite the presence of the HNSCC stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1. Instead, strong expression of B- and T-lymphocytes markers was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a heterogeneous mixture of CD3 + /CD25 + T-lymphocytes and CD19 + B-lymphocytes at a ratio of 4:1 at passage 5 and transformed lymphocytes at late passages (≥ passage 12) with CD45 + CD19 + CD20 + , of which around 10 to 20% were CD3 + CD25 + CD56 + . Interestingly, the whole population was FOXP3-positive indicative of regulatory B-cells (Bregs). Expression of transcripts specific for the Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) was detected to increase in these spheroid cells along late passages, and this population was vulnerable to MDM2 inhibition. HPV + HNSCC cells but not EBV + lymphocytes were detected to engraft into immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSIONS In this study we present a primary cell culture of EBV-infected tumor-infiltrating B-lymphocytes, which could be used to study the role of these cells in tumor biology in future research projects. Moreover, by describing the detailed characteristics of these cells, we aim to caution other researchers in the HNSCC field to test for EBV-infected lymphocyte contaminations in primary cell cultures ahead of further experiments. Especially researchers who are interested in TIL-based adopted immunotherapy should exclude these cells in their primary tumor models, e.g. by MDM2-inhibitor treatment. BI-12-derived xenograft tumors represent a suitable model for in vivo targeting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyao Shao
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars Uwe Scholtz
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Gendreizig
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Laura Martínez-Ruiz
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.459499.cCIBERFES, Ibs. Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Florido
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.459499.cCIBERFES, Ibs. Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain ,grid.459499.cCIBERFES, Ibs. Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Matthias Schürmann
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Hain
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Leonie Hose
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany ,Department of Pathology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Almut Mentz
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pascal Schmidt
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Menghang Wang
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Peter Goon
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Wehmeier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Brasch
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Oppel
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Str. 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
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Aran A, Peg V, Rabanal RM, Bernadó C, Zamora E, Molina E, Arribas YA, Arribas J, Pérez J, Roura-Mir C, Carrascal M, Cortés J, Martí M. Epstein-Barr Virus+ B Cells in Breast Cancer Immune Response: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761798. [PMID: 34868006 PMCID: PMC8637110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV-specific T cells have been recently described to be involved in fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in cancer patients after immune checkpoint therapies. Here, we report the study of a human triple-negative breast cancer tumor (TNBC) and EBV-transformed B cells obtained from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) that progressed into a lymphocytic neoplasm named xenograft-associated B-cell lymphoma (XABCL). T-cell receptor (TCR) high-throughput sequencing was performed to monitor the T-cell clonotypes present in the different samples. Forty-three T-cell clonotypes were found infiltrating the XABCL tissue after three passes in mice along 6 months. Eighteen of these (42%) were also found in the TNBC biopsy. TCR infiltrating the XABCL tissue showed a very restricted T-cell repertoire as compared with the biopsy-infiltrating T cells. Consequently, T cells derived from the TNBC biopsy were expanded in the presence of the B-cell line obtained from the XABCL (XABCL-LCL), after which the TCR repertoire obtained was again very restricted, i.e., only certain clonotypes were selected by the B cells. A number of these TCRs had previously been reported as sequences involved in infection, cancer, and/or autoimmunity. We then analyzed the immunopeptidome from the XABCL-LCL, to identify putative B-cell-associated peptides that might have been expanding these T cells. The HLA class I and class II-associated peptides from XABCL-LCL were then compared with published repertoires from LCL of different HLA typing. Proteins from the antigen processing and presentation pathway remained significantly enriched in the XABCL-LCL repertoire. Interestingly, some class II-presented peptides were derived from cancer-related proteins. These results suggest that bystander tumor-infiltrating EBV+ B cells acting as APC may be able to interact with tumor-infiltrating T cells and influence the TCR repertoire in the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aran
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Rabanal
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bernadó
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zamora
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Molina
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yago A Arribas
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- International Breast Cancer Center (BCC), Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Roura-Mir
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC/IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Breast Cancer Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,International Breast Cancer Center (BCC), Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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7
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Devignot V, Jung M, Jung AC, Chenard MP, Romain B, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Identify a Differential Impact of Cisplatin and Histone Deacetylation on Tumor Structure and Microenvironment in a Patient-Derived In Vivo Model of Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1485. [PMID: 34575561 PMCID: PMC8467189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons behind the poor efficacy of transition metal-based chemotherapies (e.g., cisplatin) or targeted therapies (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACi) on gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive and recent studies suggested that the tumor microenvironment could contribute to the resistance. Hence, our objective was to gain information on the impact of cisplatin and the pan-HDACi SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) on the tumor substructure and microenvironment of GC, by establishing patient-derived xenografts of GC and a combination of ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics to analyze. The tumors responded partially to SAHA and cisplatin. An ultrasound gave more accurate tumor measures than a caliper. Importantly, an ultrasound allowed a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure, showing differences between cisplatin and SAHA. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses of the tumor microenvironment, identifying specific cell type signatures and transcription factor activation. For instance, cisplatin induced an "epithelial cell like" signature while SAHA favored a "mesenchymal cell like" one. Altogether, an ultrasound allowed a precise follow-up of the tumor progression while enabling a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure. Combined with transcriptomics, our results underline the different intra-tumoral structural changes caused by both drugs that impact differently on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Anais Blanchet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Alain C. Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, ICANS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Benoit Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
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8
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Dieter SM, Siegl C, Codó PL, Huerta M, Ostermann-Parucha AL, Schulz E, Zowada MK, Martin S, Laaber K, Nowrouzi A, Blatter M, Kreth S, Westermann F, Benner A, Uhrig U, Putzker K, Lewis J, Haegebarth A, Mumberg D, Holton SJ, Weiske J, Toepper LM, Scheib U, Siemeister G, Ball CR, Kuster B, Stoehr G, Hahne H, Johannes S, Lange M, Herbst F, Glimm H. Degradation of CCNK/CDK12 is a druggable vulnerability of colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109394. [PMID: 34289372 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are urgently needed to improve patient outcome. Here, we screen a library of non-characterized small molecules against a heterogeneous collection of patient-derived CRC spheroids. By prioritizing compounds with inhibitory activity in a subset of-but not all-spheroid cultures, NCT02 is identified as a candidate with minimal risk of non-specific toxicity. Mechanistically, we show that NCT02 acts as molecular glue that induces ubiquitination of cyclin K (CCNK) and proteasomal degradation of CCNK and its complex partner CDK12. Knockout of CCNK or CDK12 decreases proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, sensitivity to pharmacological CCNK/CDK12 degradation is associated with TP53 deficiency and consensus molecular subtype 4 in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts. We thus demonstrate the efficacy of targeted CCNK/CDK12 degradation for a CRC subset, highlighting the potential of drug-induced proteolysis for difficult-to-treat types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Dieter
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Paula L Codó
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; CureVac AG, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mario Huerta
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Ostermann-Parucha
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Schulz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina K Zowada
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Martin
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Laaber
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Nowrouzi
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Blatter
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Kreth
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Uhrig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Chemical Biology Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Putzker
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Chemical Biology Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe Lewis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Chemical Biology Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Haegebarth
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Holton
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Weiske
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena-Marit Toepper
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Scheib
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Siemeister
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Sarah Johannes
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Durinikova E, Buzo K, Arena S. Preclinical models as patients' avatars for precision medicine in colorectal cancer: past and future challenges. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:185. [PMID: 34090508 PMCID: PMC8178911 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, characterized by dismal prognosis and low survival rate in the advanced (metastatic) stage. During the last decade, the establishment of novel preclinical models, leading to the generation of translational discovery and validation platforms, has opened up a new scenario for the clinical practice of CRC patients. To bridge the results developed at the bench with the medical decision process, the ideal model should be easily scalable, reliable to predict treatment responses, and flexibly adapted for various applications in the research. As such, the improved benefit of novel therapies being tested initially on valuable and reproducible preclinical models would lie in personalized treatment recommendations based on the biology and genomics of the patient's tumor with the overall aim to avoid overtreatment and unnecessary toxicity. In this review, we summarize different in vitro and in vivo models, which proved efficacy in detection of novel CRC culprits and shed light into the biology and therapy of this complex disease. Even though cell lines and patient-derived xenografts remain the mainstay of colorectal cancer research, the field has been confidently shifting to the use of organoids as the most relevant preclinical model. Prioritization of organoids is supported by increasing body of evidence that these represent excellent tools worth further therapeutic explorations. In addition, novel preclinical models such as zebrafish avatars are emerging as useful tools for pharmacological interrogation. Finally, all available models represent complementary tools that can be utilized for precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Durinikova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Kristi Buzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Sabrina Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy.
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Strada Provinciale 142, Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy.
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10
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Abel L, Durmaz A, Hu R, Longhurst C, Baschnagel AM, Wheeler D, Scott JG, Kimple RJ. Impact of immediate cryopreservation on the establishment of patient derived xenografts from head and neck cancer patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:180. [PMID: 33910584 PMCID: PMC8082827 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenografts established from human cancers are important tools for investigating novel anti-cancer therapies. Establishing PDXs requires a significant investment and many PDXs may be used infrequently due to their similarity to existing models, their growth rate, or the lack of relevant mutations. We performed this study to determine whether we could efficiently establish PDXs after cryopreservation to allow molecular profiling to be completed prior to implanting the human cancer. METHODS Fresh tumor was split with half used to establish a PDX immediately and half cryopreserved for later implantation. Resulting tumors were assessed histologically and tumors established from fresh or cryopreserved tissues compared as to the growth rate, extent of tumor necrosis, mitotic activity, keratinization, and grade. All PDXs were subjected to short tandem repeat testing to confirm identity and assess similarity between methods. RESULTS Tumor growth was seen in 70% of implanted cases. No growth in either condition was seen in 30% of tumors. One developed a SCC from the immediate implant but a lymphoproliferative mass without SCC from the cryopreserved specimen. No difference in growth rate was seen. No difference between histologic parameters was seen between the two approaches. CONCLUSIONS Fresh human cancer tissue can be immediately cryopreserved and later thawed and implanted to establish PDXs. This resource saving approach allows for tumor profiling prior to implantation into animals thus maximizing the probability that the tumor will be utilized for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Abel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 3107 WIMR, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Departments of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research and Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew M Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 3107 WIMR, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deric Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 3107 WIMR, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Departments of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research and Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, 3107 WIMR, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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11
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Functional States in Tumor-Initiating Cell Differentiation in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051097. [PMID: 33806447 PMCID: PMC7961698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different types of cells with tumor-initiating cell (TIC) activity contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and resistance to anti-cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand whether different cell types exist within a patient-derived tumor culture, distinguishable by different patterns of their gene expression. By mRNA sequencing of patient-derived CRC cultures at the single-cell level, we defined expression programs that closely resemble differentiated cell populations of the normal intestine. Here, cell type-associated subpopulations showed differences in functional properties such as cell growth and energy metabolism. Subsequent functional analyses in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that metabolic states are linked to TIC activity in primary CRC cultures. We also show that TIC activity is dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, which may therefore represent a target for novel therapies. Abstract Intra-tumor heterogeneity of tumor-initiating cell (TIC) activity drives colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and therapy resistance. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing of patient-derived CRC models to decipher distinct cell subpopulations based on their transcriptional profiles. Cell type-specific expression modules of stem-like, transit amplifying-like, and differentiated CRC cells resemble differentiation states of normal intestinal epithelial cells. Strikingly, identified subpopulations differ in proliferative activity and metabolic state. In summary, we here show at single-cell resolution that transcriptional heterogeneity identifies functional states during TIC differentiation. Furthermore, identified expression signatures are linked to patient prognosis. Targeting transcriptional states associated to cancer cell differentiation might unravel novel vulnerabilities in human CRC.
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12
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Kim J, Rhee H, Kim J, Lee S. Validity of patient-derived xenograft mouse models for lung cancer based on exome sequencing data. Genomics Inform 2020; 18:e3. [PMID: 32224836 PMCID: PMC7120347 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2020.18.1.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models are frequently used to test the drug efficacy in diverse types of cancer. They are known to recapitulate the patient characteristics faithfully, but a systematic survey with a large number of cases is yet missing in lung cancer. Here we report the comparison of genomic characters between mouse and patient tumor tissues in lung cancer based on exome sequencing data. We established PDX mouse models for 132 lung cancer patients and performed whole exome sequencing for trio samples of tumor-normal-xenograft tissues. Then we computed the somatic mutations and copy number variations, which were used to compare the PDX and patient tumor tissues. Genomic and histological conclusions for validity of PDX models agreed in most cases, but we observed eight (~7%) discordant cases. We further examined the changes in mutations and copy number alterations in PDX model production and passage processes, which highlighted the clonal evolution in PDX mouse models. Our study shows that the genomic characterization plays complementary roles to the histological examination in cancer studies utilizing PDX mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Kim
- Department of Bio-information Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Jhingook Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB) and Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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13
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Möhrmann L, Zowada MK, Strakerjahn H, Siegl C, Kopp-Schneider A, Krunic D, Strunk D, Schneider M, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Herbst F, Ball CR, Glimm H, Dieter SM. A perivascular niche in the bone marrow hosts quiescent and proliferating tumorigenic colorectal cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:519-531. [PMID: 32077087 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells (dTCs) can frequently be detected in the bone marrow (BM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, raising the possibility that the BM serves as a reservoir for metastatic tumor cells. Identification of dTCs in BM aspirates harbors the potential of assessing therapeutic outcome and directing therapy intensity with limited risk and effort. Still, the functional and prognostic relevance of dTCs is not fully established. We have previously shown that CRC cell clones can be traced to the BM of mice carrying patient-derived xenografts. However, cellular interactions, proliferative state and tumorigenicity of dTCs remain largely unknown. Here, we applied a coculture system modeling the microvascular niche and used immunofluorescence imaging of the murine BM to show that primary CRC cells migrate toward endothelial tubes. dTCs in the BM were rare, but detectable in mice with xenografts from most patient samples (8/10) predominantly at perivascular sites. Comparable to primary tumors, a substantial fraction of proliferating dTCs was detected in the BM. However, most dTCs were found as isolated cells, indicating that dividing dTCs rather separate than aggregate to metastatic clones-a phenomenon frequently observed in the microvascular niche model. Clonal tracking identified subsets of self-renewing tumor-initiating cells in the BM that formed tumors out of BM transplants, including one subset that did not drive primary tumor growth. Our results indicate an important role of the perivascular BM niche for CRC cell dissemination and show that dTCs can be a potential source for tumor relapse and tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Möhrmann
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina K Zowada
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Strakerjahn
- Department of Translational Oncology, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Siegl
- Department of Translational Oncology, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Dieter
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, NCT and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Bormann F, Rodríguez-Paredes M, Lasitschka F, Edelmann D, Musch T, Benner A, Bergman Y, Dieter SM, Ball CR, Glimm H, Linhart HG, Lyko F. Cell-of-Origin DNA Methylation Signatures Are Maintained during Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3407-3418. [PMID: 29898408 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenomas are precursor lesions of colorectal cancers and represent clonal amplifications of single cells from colonic crypts. DNA methylation patterns specify cell-type identity during cellular differentiation and, therefore, provide opportunities for the molecular analysis of tumors. We have now analyzed DNA methylation patterns in colorectal adenomas and identified three biologically defined subclasses that describe different intestinal crypt differentiation stages. Importantly, colorectal carcinomas could be classified into the same methylation subtypes, reflecting their shared cell types of origin with adenomas. Further data analysis also revealed significantly reduced overall survival for one of the subtypes. Our results provide a concept for understanding the methylation patterns observed in colorectal cancer and provide opportunities for tumor subclassification and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Edelmann
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Musch
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sebastian M Dieter
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT-Dresden and DKFZ Heidelberg, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT-Dresden and DKFZ Heidelberg, 01307 Dresden, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz G Linhart
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Klinik Lindau, 88131 Lindau, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Freiburg, 79160 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Liu J, Chen S, Zou Z, Tan D, Liu X, Wang X. Pathological Pattern of Intrahepatic HBV in HCC is Phenocopied by PDX-Derived Mice: a Novel Model for Antiviral Treatment. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1138-1146. [PMID: 31202090 PMCID: PMC6581976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prominent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and virus-mediated cases represents more than 80% of HCC in East Asia, where it is endemic. Currently, the HBV status of pathological HCC is not fully clarified, especially by comparison to nontumorous tissues. Lack of clinicopathological animal models of HCC impedes clinical application of antiviral treatment in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort sample of 14 HCC and corresponding stroma tissues were analyzed for pathological patterns of HBV antigens using immunohistochemistry; 10 fresh primary tumor tissues were inoculated into NOD/SCID mice and risk factors for patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were identified by the univariate F test. Consistency of HBV features and cellular biomarkers between patient tissues and tumor grafts were examined. RESULTS In HCC, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was mainly absent. Only 9.9% of samples showed HBsAg positivity in the tumor tissue that was limited to benign hepatocytes. In contrast, HBV core antigen (HBcAg) exhibited positive staining in all HCC tissues, located mainly in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Of 14 HCC cases, three were diagnosed as occult infection of HBV based on HBcAg expression. The successful rate for the PDX model was 20% (2/10). Tumor lesions on hepatic lobes of V and VI, severe liver dysfunction and higher CA125 showed p-values of 0.01, 0.035, and 0.01, respectively. HBsAg absence in original tumors of #6 and 8 patients were faithfully reproduced by engraftments. Mixed distribution of HBcAg in cellular compartments of original tumor cells was also observed in mice. ki67 was dramatically increased in tumor grafts. CONCLUSION We delineated pathological HBV profiles of HCC specimens and perilesional areas, which provided evidence for virus-based therapy in the future. PDX mice may phenocopy virological and cellular features of patient tissues, which is novel in the virus-related hepatocarcinogenesis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Endoscope, the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110000, PR China.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400007, PR China.
| | - Zhe Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400007, PR China.
| | - Dehong Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400007, PR China.
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400007, PR China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400007, PR China.
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16
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Chen Y, Zhang R, Wang L, Correa AM, Pataer A, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ren C, Wu S, Meng QH, Fujimoto J, Jensen VB, Antonoff MB, Hofstetter WL, Mehran RJ, Pisimisis G, Rice DC, Sepesi B, Vaporciyan AA, Walsh GL, Swisher SG, Roth JA, Heymach JV, Fang B. Tumor characteristics associated with engraftment of patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Cancer 2019; 125:3738-3748. [PMID: 31287557 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models increasingly are used in translational research. However, the engraftment rates of patient tumor samples in immunodeficient mice to PDX models vary greatly. METHODS Tumor tissue samples from 308 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were implanted in immunodeficient mice. The patients were followed for 1.5 to approximately 6 years. The authors performed histological analysis of PDXs and some residual tumor tissues in mice with failed PDX growth at 1 year after implantation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay were performed to measure the levels of Epstein-Barr virus genes and human immunoglobulin G in PDX samples. Patient characteristics were compared for PDX growth and overall survival as outcomes using Cox regression analyses. Disease staging was based on the 7th TNM staging system. RESULTS The overall engraftment rate for PDXs from patients with non-small cell lung cancer was 34%. Squamous cell carcinomas had a higher engraftment rate (53%) compared with adenocarcinomas. Tumor samples from patients with stage II and stage III disease and from larger tumors were found to have relatively high engraftment rates. Patients whose tumors successfully engrafted had worse overall survival, particularly those individuals with adenocarcinoma, stage III or stage IV disease, and moderately differentiated tumors. Lymphoma formation was one of the factors associated with engraftment failure. Human CD8-positive and CD20-positive cells were detected in residual samples of tumor tissue that failed to generate a PDX at 1 year after implantation. Human immunoglobulin G was detected in the plasma of mice that did not have PDX growth at 14 months after implantation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that the characteristics of cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in primary tumors both can affect engraftment of a primary tumor sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungchang Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine of The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arlene M Correa
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chenghui Ren
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vanessa B Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Reza J Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George Pisimisis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David C Rice
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Garrett L Walsh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Woo XY, Srivastava A, Graber JH, Yadav V, Sarsani VK, Simons A, Beane G, Grubb S, Ananda G, Liu R, Stafford G, Chuang JH, Airhart SD, Karuturi RKM, George J, Bult CJ. Genomic data analysis workflows for tumors from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs): challenges and guidelines. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:92. [PMID: 31262303 PMCID: PMC6604205 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are in vivo models of human cancer that have been used for translational cancer research and therapy selection for individual patients. The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) PDX resource comprises 455 models originating from 34 different primary sites (as of 05/08/2019). The models undergo rigorous quality control and are genomically characterized to identify somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and transcriptional profiles. Bioinformatics workflows for analyzing genomic data obtained from human tumors engrafted in a mouse host (i.e., Patient-Derived Xenografts; PDXs) must address challenges such as discriminating between mouse and human sequence reads and accurately identifying somatic mutations and copy number alterations when paired non-tumor DNA from the patient is not available for comparison. RESULTS We report here data analysis workflows and guidelines that address these challenges and achieve reliable identification of somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and transcriptomic profiles of tumors from PDX models that lack genomic data from paired non-tumor tissue for comparison. Our workflows incorporate commonly used software and public databases but are tailored to address the specific challenges of PDX genomics data analysis through parameter tuning and customized data filters and result in improved accuracy for the detection of somatic alterations in PDX models. We also report a gene expression-based classifier that can identify EBV-transformed tumors. We validated our analytical approaches using data simulations and demonstrated the overall concordance of the genomic properties of xenograft tumors with data from primary human tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CONCLUSIONS The analysis workflows that we have developed to accurately predict somatic profiles of tumors from PDX models that lack normal tissue for comparison enable the identification of the key oncogenic genomic and expression signatures to support model selection and/or biomarker development in therapeutic studies. A reference implementation of our analysis recommendations is available at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/PDX-Analysis-Workflows .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yi Woo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anuj Srivastava
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Joel H Graber
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Vinod Yadav
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Present Address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vishal Kumar Sarsani
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
- Present Address: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Al Simons
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Glen Beane
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Stephen Grubb
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Guruprasad Ananda
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Rangjiao Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Present Address: Novogene Corporation, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Grace Stafford
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Susan D Airhart
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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18
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Wang J, Xing B, Liu W, Li J, Wang X, Li J, Yang J, Ji C, Li Z, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Molecularly annotation of mouse avatar models derived from patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:3485-3500. [PMID: 31281492 PMCID: PMC6587174 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver is the most common metastatic site in advanced colorectal cancer. Most patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) do not benefit from current treatment. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with defined molecular signatures are attractive models for preclinical studies. Methods: Successfully established PDXs were evaluated to elucidate their fidelity of patients' biologic characteristics (pathologic, genetic and protein properties, together with chemosensitivity). The genomic variations of PDXs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of metastasis and potential therapeutic targets. Results: CRLM (N=73) showed a significantly higher successful PDX establishment rate than primary specimens (N=26; 76.7% vs. 57.7%). CRLM PDXs recapitulated the pathologic, genetic and protein properties of parental tumors, as well as chemosensitivity. Frequent altered genes in PDXs showed high consistency compared to patients' genomic alterations and were enriched in MAPK, ErbB, cell cycle, focal adhesion pathways for CRLM PDXs, whereas primary tumor-derived PDXs only exhibited genomic variations involving ErbB and cell cycle. The genetic alterations showed high concordance between paired PDXs from primary and metastatic tissues, except for recurrent gene mutations (ARID1A, CDK8, ETV1, STAT5B and WNK3) and common copy number gains in chromosomes 20q (e.g., SRC/AURKA). Several potential drug targets such as KRAS, HER2, and FGFR2 were validated using corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, PDX models could also be used in screening efficient regimens for patients with no druggable alterations. Conclusion: This study has successfully established and validated a large panel of molecularly annotated platforms from patients with CRLM for preclinical studies.
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19
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Rituximab Decreases Lymphoproliferative Tumor Formation in Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5901. [PMID: 30976061 PMCID: PMC6459856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High engraftment rates are critical to any patient-derived xenograft (PDX) program and the loss of PDX models due to the development of lymphoproliferative tumors (LTs) is costly and inefficient. We hypothesized that routine injection of rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, at the time of implantation would reduce the incidence of LTs. Rituximab injection was added to the standard PDX engraftment protocol. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the significance of various factors. A total of 811 generations of PDX were implanted with 406 receiving rituximab with implantation. On multivariable analysis, rituximab was an independent factor for decreased LT formation across the entire cohort (OR 0.465, 95% CI 0.271–0.797, p = 0.005). Hepatocellular carcinomas (OR 0.319, 95% CI 0.107–0.949, p = 0.040) and cholangiocarcinomas (OR 0.185, 95% CI 0.049–0.696, p = 0.113) were the specific malignant histologic subtypes that demonstrated the greatest benefit. The frequency of LTs decreased across the entire cohort with rituximab administration and PDX tumors that are traditionally associated with higher rates of LT formation, HCCs and CCAs, appear to benefit the most from rituximab treatment. Routine use of rituximab at the time of tumor implantation may have significant programmatic benefits for laboratories that utilize PDX models.
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20
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Ehrenberg KR, Gao J, Oppel F, Frank S, Kang N, Kindinger T, Dieter SM, Herbst F, Möhrmann L, Dubash TD, Schulz ER, Strakerjahn H, Giessler KM, Weber S, Oberlack A, Rief EM, Strobel O, Bergmann F, Lasitschka F, Weitz J, Glimm H, Ball CR. Systematic Generation of Patient-Derived Tumor Models in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E142. [PMID: 30744205 PMCID: PMC6406729 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In highly aggressive malignancies like pancreatic cancer (PC), patient-derived tumor models can serve as disease-relevant models to understand disease-related biology as well as to guide clinical decision-making. In this study, we describe a two-step protocol allowing systematic establishment of patient-derived primary cultures from PC patient tumors. Initial xenotransplantation of surgically resected patient tumors (n = 134) into immunodeficient mice allows for efficient in vivo expansion of vital tumor cells and successful tumor expansion in 38% of patient tumors (51/134). Expansion xenografts closely recapitulate the histoarchitecture of their matching patients' primary tumors. Digestion of xenograft tumors and subsequent in vitro cultivation resulted in the successful generation of semi-adherent PC cultures of pure epithelial cell origin in 43.1% of the cases. The established primary cultures include diverse pathological types of PC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (86.3%, 19/22), adenosquamous carcinoma (9.1%, 2/22) and ductal adenocarcinoma with oncocytic IPMN (4.5%, 1/22). We here provide a protocol to establish quality-controlled PC patient-derived primary cell cultures from heterogeneous PC patient tumors. In vitro preclinical models provide the basis for the identification and preclinical assessment of novel therapeutic opportunities targeting pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Roland Ehrenberg
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Felix Oppel
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Stephanie Frank
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Na Kang
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Tim Kindinger
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Sebastian M. Dieter
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Lino Möhrmann
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Taronish D. Dubash
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Erik R. Schulz
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Hendrik Strakerjahn
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Klara M. Giessler
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Sarah Weber
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Ava Oberlack
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Eva-Maria Rief
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.E.); (J.G.); (F.O.); (S.F.); (N.K.); (T.K.); (S.M.D.); (F.H.); (T.D.D.); (E.R.S.); (H.S.); (K.M.G.); (S.W.); (A.O.); (E.-M.R.); (H.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia R. Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(49)-351-458-5527
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Prasetyanti PR, van Hooff SR, van Herwaarden T, de Vries N, Kalloe K, Rodermond H, van Leersum R, de Jong JH, Franitza M, Nürnberg P, Todaro M, Stassi G, Medema JP. Capturing colorectal cancer inter-tumor heterogeneity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:366-371. [PMID: 30151914 PMCID: PMC6587871 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models have become an important asset in translational cancer research. However, to provide a robust preclinical platform, PDXs need to accommodate the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in patients. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be stratified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) with distinct biological and clinical features. Surprisingly, using a set of CRC patients, we revealed the partial representation of tumor heterogeneity in PDX models. The epithelial subtypes, the largest subgroups of CRC subtype, were very ineffective in establishing PDXs, indicating the need for further optimization to develop an effective personalized therapeutic approach to CRC. Moreover, we showed that tumor cell proliferation was associated with successful PDX establishment and able to distinguish patient with poor clinical outcomes within CMS2 group. What's new? Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models have become an important asset in translational cancer research. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) can be stratified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) with distinct biological and clinical features, and to what extent the existing CRC PDX collection represents the inter‐patient heterogeneity remains an open question. This study identifies a subtype‐specific bias in the establishment of PDXs from CRC patients, leaving the major subtype CMS2 strongly underrepresented. Additionally, the findings suggest that further classification within CMS can be achieved. For CMS2, the proliferation‐related marker Ki67 may thus help refine patient classification, estimate prognosis, and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramudita R Prasetyanti
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa van Herwaarden
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie de Vries
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kieshen Kalloe
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Leersum
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan H de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Franitza
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Ji X, Chen S, Guo Y, Li W, Qi X, Yang H, Xiao S, Fang G, Hu J, Wen C, Liu H, Han Z, Deng G, Yang Q, Yang X, Xu Y, Peng Z, Li F, Cai N, Li G, Huang R. Establishment and evaluation of four different types of patient-derived xenograft models. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:122. [PMID: 29296105 PMCID: PMC5738885 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) have a biologically stable in tumor architecture, drug responsiveness, mutational status and global gene-expression patterns. Numerous PDX models have been established to date, however their thorough characterization regarding the tumor formation and rates of tumor growth in the established models remains a challenging task. Our study aimed to provide more detailed information for establishing the PDX models successfully and effectively. Methods We transplanted four different types of solid tumors from 108 Chinese patients, including 21 glioblastoma (GBM), 11 lung cancers (LC), 54 gastric cancers (GC) and 21 colorectal cancers (CRC), and took tumor tissues passaged for three successive generations. Here we report the rate of tumor formation, tumor-forming times, tumor growth curves and mortality of mice in PDX model. We also report H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for HLA-A, CD45, Ki67, GFAP, and CEA protein expression between patient cancer tissues and PDX models. Results Tumor formation rate increased significantly in subsequent tumor generations. Also, the survival rates of GC and CRC were remarkably higher than GBM and LC. As for the time required for the formation of tumors, which reflects the tumor growth rate, indicated that tumor growth rate always increased as the generation number increased. The tumor growth curves also illustrate this law. Similarly, the survival rate of PDX mice gradually improved with the increased generation number in GC and CRC. And generally, there was more proliferation (Ki67+) in the PDX models than in the patient tumors, which was in accordance with the results of tumor growth rate. The histological findings confirm similar histological architecture and degrees of differentiation between patient cancer tissues and PDX models with statistical analysis by GraphPad Prism 5.0. Conclusion We established four different types of PDX models successfully, and our results add to the current understanding of the establishment of PDX models and may contribute to the extension of application of different types of PDX models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ji
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China.,Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510030 China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003 Guangdong China
| | - Guang Fang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003 Guangdong China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Guangxu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qingbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003 Guangdong China
| | - Fengping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nvlue Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Baiyun Road North, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, 11 Fengxin Road, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663 China
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23
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Braekeveldt N, Bexell D. Patient-derived xenografts as preclinical neuroblastoma models. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:233-243. [PMID: 28924803 PMCID: PMC5915499 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for children with high-risk neuroblastoma is often poor and survivors can suffer from severe side effects. Predictive preclinical models and novel therapeutic strategies for high-risk disease are therefore a clinical imperative. However, conventional cancer cell line-derived xenografts can deviate substantially from patient tumors in terms of their molecular and phenotypic features. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate many biologically and clinically relevant features of human cancers. Importantly, PDXs can closely parallel clinical features and outcome and serve as excellent models for biomarker and preclinical drug development. Here, we review progress in and applications of neuroblastoma PDX models. Neuroblastoma orthotopic PDXs share the molecular characteristics, neuroblastoma markers, invasive properties and tumor stroma of aggressive patient tumors and retain spontaneous metastatic capacity to distant organs including bone marrow. The recent identification of genomic changes in relapsed neuroblastomas opens up opportunities to target treatment-resistant tumors in well-characterized neuroblastoma PDXs. We highlight and discuss the features and various sources of neuroblastoma PDXs, methodological considerations when establishing neuroblastoma PDXs, in vitro 3D models, current limitations of PDX models and their application to preclinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Braekeveldt
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404:C3, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden.
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