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Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zheng J, Tian L, Song Y, Liu X. Role of LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin in the differences in exenatide- and insulin-promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38804080 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vivo, micro-CT was used to detect differences in the peri-implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual-fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis- and Wnt signalling-related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation. KEY RESULTS Micro-CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri-implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis-related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin-related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide-mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β-TrCP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liang Y, Luo X, Schefczyk S, Muungani LT, Deng H, Wang B, Baba HA, Lu M, Wedemeyer H, Schmidt HH, Broering R. Hepatitis B surface antigen expression impairs endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagic flux by decreasing LAMP2. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101012. [PMID: 38425451 PMCID: PMC10899050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) drives hepatocarcinogenesis. Factors and mechanisms involved in this progression remain poorly defined, hindering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in the HBsAg-induced transformation of normal liver into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated. Methods Hemizygous Tg(Alb1HBV)44Bri/J mice were examined for HBsAg-induced carcinogenic events. Gene set-enrichment analysis identified significant signatures in HBsAg-transgenic mice that correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, autophagy and proliferation. These events were investigated by western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical staining in 2-, 8- and 12-month-old HBsAg-transgenic mice. The results were verified in HBsAg-overexpressing Hepa1-6 cells and validated in human HBV-related HCC samples. Results Increased BiP expression in HBsAg-transgenic mice indicated induction of the unfolded protein response. In addition, early-phase autophagy was enhanced (increased BECN1 and LC3B) and late-phase autophagy blocked (increased p62) in HBsAg-transgenic mice. Finally, HBsAg altered lysosomal acidification via ATF4- and ATF6-mediated downregulation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) expression. In patients, HBV-related HCC and adjacent tissues showed increased BiP, p62 and downregulated LAMP2 compared to uninfected controls. In vitro, the use of ER stress inhibitors reversed the HBsAg-related suppression of LAMP2. Furthermore, HBsAg promoted hepatocellular proliferation as indicated by Ki67, cleaved caspase-3 and AFP staining in paraffin-embedded liver sections from HBsAg-transgenic mice. These results were further verified by colony formation assays in HBsAg-expressing Hepa1-6 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of ER stress in HBsAg-overexpressing Hepa1-6 cells suppressed HBsAg-mediated cell proliferation. Conclusions These data showed that HBsAg directly induces ER stress, impairs autophagy and promotes proliferation, thereby driving hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, this study expanded the understanding of HBsAg-mediated intracellular events in carcinogenesis. Impact and implications Factors and mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis driven by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are poorly defined, hindering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This study showed that HBsAg-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress suppressed LAMP2, thereby mediating autophagic injury. The present data suggest that restoring LAMP2 function in chronic HBV infection may have both antiviral and anti-cancer effects. This study has provided insights into the role of HBsAg-mediated intracellular events in carcinogenesis and thereby has relevance for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lorraine T. Muungani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hideo A. Baba
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Guo Y, Shao J, Zhang R, Han M, Kong L, Liu Z, Li H, Wei D, Lu M, Zhang S, Zhang C, Wei H, Chen Z, Bian H. Large HBV Surface Protein-Induced Unfolded Protein Response Dynamically Regulates p27 Degradation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13825. [PMID: 37762128 PMCID: PMC10530851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the surface protein of HBV is essential for the progression of HBV-related HCC. The expression of large HBV surface antigen (LHB) is presented in HBV-associated HCC tissues and is significantly associated with the development of HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that LHB overexpression regulates the cell cycle process. Excess LHB in HCC cells induced chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and was significantly correlated with tumor growth in vivo. Cell cycle analysis showed that cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase was greatly enhanced in vitro. We identified intensive crosstalk between ER stress and cell cycle progression in HCC. As an important regulator of the G1/S checkpoint, p27 was transcriptionally upregulated by transcription factors ATF4 and XBP1s, downstream of the unfolded protein response pathway. Moreover, LHB-induced ER stress promoted internal ribosome-entry-site-mediated selective translation of p27, and E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1-mediated p27 ubiquitination and degradation. Ultimately, the decrease in p27 protein levels reduced G1/S arrest and promoted the progress of HCC by regulating the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhinan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.G.)
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Luo X, Zhang R, Schefczyk S, Liang Y, Lin SS, Liu S, Baba HA, Lange CM, Wedemeyer H, Lu M, Broering R. Nuclear translocation of YAP drives BMI-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 2023; 43:2002-2016. [PMID: 37312627 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. The aim of this study was to mechanistically investigate the involvement of Hippo signalling in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-dependent neoplastic transformation. METHODS Liver tissue and hepatocytes from HBsAg-transgenic mice were examined for the Hippo cascade and proliferative events. Functional experiments in mouse hepatoma cells included knockdown, overexpression, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results were validated in HBV-related HCC biopsies. RESULTS Hepatic expression signatures in HBsAg-transgenic mice correlated with YAP responses, cell cycle control, DNA damage and spindle events. Polyploidy and aneuploidy occurred in HBsAg-transgenic hepatocytes. Suppression and inactivation of MST1/2 led to the loss of YAP phosphorylation and the induction of BMI1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Increased BMI1 directly mediated cell proliferation associated with decreased level of p16INK4a , p19ARF , p53 and Caspase 3 as well as increased Cyclin D1 and γ-H2AX expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and the analysis of mutated binding sites in dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex bound and activated the Bmi1 promoter. In chronic hepatitis B patients, paired liver biopsies of non-tumour and tumour tissue indicated a correlation between YAP expression and the abundance of BMI1. In a proof-of-concept, treatment of HBsAg-transgenic mice with YAP inhibitor verteporfin directly suppressed the BMI1-related cell cycle. CONCLUSION HBV-associated proliferative HCC might be related to the HBsAg-YAP-BMI1 axis and offer a potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Luo
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shu S Lin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Papadakos SP, Arvanitakis K, Stergiou IE, Lekakis V, Davakis S, Christodoulou MI, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. The Role of TLR4 in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Can We Teach an Old Dog New Tricks? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2795. [PMID: 37345131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immunotherapy has emerged as the mainstay treatment option for unresectable HCC. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing and responding primarily to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. In addition to its role in the innate immune system, TLR4 has also been implicated in adaptive immunity, including specific anti-tumor immune responses. In particular, the TLR4 signaling pathway seems to be involved in the regulation of several cancer hallmarks, such as the continuous activation of cellular pathways that promote cell division and growth, the inhibition of programmed cell death, the promotion of several invasion and metastatic mechanisms, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and epigenetic modifications. Emerging evidence further suggests that TLR4 signaling holds promise as a potential immunotherapeutic target in HCC. The aim of this review was to explore the multilayer aspects of the TLR4 signaling pathway, regarding its role in liver diseases and HCC, as well as its potential utilization as an immunotherapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Davakis
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
- Tumor Immunology and Biomarkers Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Qin YF, Zhou ZY, Fu HW, Lin HM, Xu LB, Wu WR, Liu C, Xu XL, Zhang R. Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Promotes Stemness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Regulating MicroRNA-203a. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:118-129. [PMID: 36406317 PMCID: PMC9647105 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with persistent positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), even with a low HBV-DNA load, have a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than those without HBV infection. Given that tumor stemness has a critical role in the occurrence and maintenance of neoplasms, this study aimed to explore whether HBsAg affects biological function and stemness of HCC by regulating microRNA, and to explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS We screened out miR-203a, the most significant down-regulated microRNA in the microarray analysis of HBsAg-positive samples and focused on that miRNA in the ensuing study. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to assess its regulatory function. The effect of miR-203a on stemness and the possible correlation with BMI1 were analyzed in this study. RESULTS MiR-203a was significantly down-regulated in HBsAg-positive HCC with the sharpest decrease shown in microarray analysis. The negative correlation between miR-203a and HBsAg expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR after stimulation or overexpression/knockdown of HBsAg in cells. We demonstrated the function of miR-203a in inhibiting HCC cell proliferation, migration, clonogenic capacity, and tumor development in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-203a remarkably increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to 5-FU treatment and decreases the proportion of HCC cells with stem markers. In concordance with our study, the survival analysis of both The Cancer Genome Atlas database and samples in our center indicated a worse prognosis in patients with low level of miR-203a. We also found that BMI1, a gene maintains the self-renewal capacity of stem cells, showed a significant negative correlation with miR-203a in HCC specimen (p<0.001). Similarly, opposite BMI1 changes after overexpression/knockdown of miR-203a were also confirmed in vitro. Dual luciferase reporting assay suggested that miR-203a may regulate BMI1 expression by direct binding. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg may promote the development of HCC and tumor stemness by inhibiting miR-203a, resulting in poor prognosis. miR-203a may serve as a crucial treatment target in HBsAg-positive HCC. More explicit mechanistic studies and animal experiments need to be conducted as a next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hou-Wei Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei-Bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Xiao-Lin Xu, Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. E-mail: . Rui Zhang, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-093. Tel: +86-20-34070133, Fax: +86-20-3407109, E-mail:
| | - Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Xiao-Lin Xu, Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. E-mail: . Rui Zhang, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3335-093. Tel: +86-20-34070133, Fax: +86-20-3407109, E-mail:
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Schemmer P, Burra P, Hu R, Hüber CM, Loinaz C, Machida K, Vogel A, Samuel D. State of the art treatment of hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma and the role of hepatitis B surface antigen post-liver transplantation and resection. Liver Int 2022; 42:288-298. [PMID: 34846790 PMCID: PMC9300017 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal goal of therapy, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and anti-HBs production, is achieved rarely and HBsAg-associated HCC risk is well recognized. Here we review the role of HBsAg in HCC, the link between HBsAg and HCC recurrence post-liver transplantation or resection, and the implications for therapy. HBV-associated carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process. The observation that HBV-related HCC can occur in the absence of cirrhosis is compatible with a direct oncogenic effect of the virus, which may occur via multiple mechanisms, including those mediated by both mutated and unmutated HBsAg. HCC recurrence in HBsAg-positive patients post-liver transplantation has been reported in 10%-15% of patients and is likely to be because of expansion of residual HCC tumour cell populations containing integrated HBV DNA, which expand and independently replicate HBV, leading to the recurrence of both HCC and HBV. The direct role of HBsAg in HCC recurrence post-liver resection is less clear. Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for HCC development, and precancerous cirrhotic liver remains after resection, with the potential to undergo malignant transformation regardless of the existence of HBV-derived oncogenic drivers. The role of HBsAg in the development of HCC and its recurrence post-surgical intervention has multiple implications for therapy and suggests a potential role for immunotherapy in the future management of HCC, in particular post-liver transplantation. Use of hepatitis B immunoglobulins that target HBsAg directly, alongside immune-oncology therapies, may be relevant in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and GastroenterologyPadua University HospitalPaduaItaly
| | - Rey‐Heng Hu
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Carmelo Loinaz
- Department of General and Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospital 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Keigo Machida
- Keck Hospital of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and EndocrinologyMedizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Didier Samuel
- Centre HepatobiliaireUniversity Hospital Paul BrousseUniversity Paris‐Saclay and Inserm‐Paris Saclay Research Unit 1193VillejuifFrance
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Naghib M, Kariminik A, Kazemi Arababadi M. TLR2, as a Pathogen Recognition Receptor, Plays Critical Roles in Hepatitis B Outcome. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:15-23. [PMID: 35020525 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of active and inactive chronic hepatitis B, as prolonged forms of hepatitis B, is unable to eradicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) from the infected hepatocytes completely. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the viral recognition and promotion of appropriate immune responses. The molecules also participate in the alteration of the target cell functions and transformation. TLR2 is the unique molecule that makes either homodimer or heterodimer with TLR1 and 6 and shows variable roles against viral infections. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that TLR2 may participate in both immune response against HBV and induction of the virus-related hepatic complications. The studies confirm the hypothesis and revealed that TLR2 is not only one of the main molecules altering the course of HBV infection, but also plays key roles in induction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. However, recent studies demonstrated that the molecule can fight against HCC and liver cirrhosis. Collectively, it appears that nutrition habits, TLR2 gene polymorphisms, gut microbiome, HBV antigens, and activation of other receptors may play key roles in the determination of TLR2 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Naghib
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Ye J, Xin L, Liu J, Tang T, Bao X, Yan Y. Dkk1 inhibits malignant transformation induced by Bmi1 via the β-catenin signaling axis in WB-F344 oval cells. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1854-1866. [PMID: 33639034 PMCID: PMC8255841 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and angiogenesis. It was previously reported that B cell-specific Moloney mouse leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) activates the Wnt pathway by inhibiting the expression of DKK1 in breast cancer cell lines and 293T cells. Bmi1 and DKK1 are highly expressed in liver samples taken by biopsy from patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effect of both Bmi1 and DKK1 on the carcinogenesis of adult hepatic stem cells (oval cells) has not previously been reported. In this study, we used WB-F344 cells to explore the function and regulation of Dkk1 upon Bmi1 treatment. Overexpression of Dkk1 repressed differentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by Bmi1 but promoted the apoptosis of hepatic WB-F344 oval cells. In addition, Dkk1 reduced the enhancement of β-catenin levels induced by Bmi1. Finally, we used transcriptome sequencing to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the transcriptome-related changes in WB-F344 oval cells induced by Dkk1 and Bmi1. These results may provide evidence for future studies of the pathogenesis of HCC and the design of possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yukuang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Luo X, Zhang R, Lu M, Liu S, Baba HA, Gerken G, Wedemeyer H, Broering R. Hippo Pathway Counter-Regulates Innate Immunity in Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684424. [PMID: 34113355 PMCID: PMC8185339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) activates or represses innate immunity continues to be debated. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 has been identified to recognize HBV particles in human hepatocytes. The Hippo pathway, known for growth control, is suggested to play a vital role in immune regulation. Here, molecular interactions between HBV-triggered TLR signaling and the Hippo pathway were comprehensively investigated. Reanalysis of GSE69590 data, in which human hepatocytes have been treated with cell culture-derived HBV particles, identified changes in Hippo and NF-κB signaling. Immunocytochemical staining and western blotting revealed time-dependent nuclear translocation of YAP and NF-κB in HBV-exposed primary human and murine hepatocytes (PMH). Analysis of PMH isolated from MyD88- or IRAK4-deficient mice and the inhibition of TLR2 and MST1/2 in vitro confirmed the relation between TLR2 and Hippo signaling in HBV-induced immunity. Loss and gain of function experiments implied that Hippo-downstream effector YAP directly regulated IκBα expression. Functional investigations confirmed the regulation of Nfkbia promoter activity by the YAP/TEAD4 transcription factor complex. Administration of TLR ligands to mice highlighted the relevance of the TLR2-MyD88-IRAK4-Hippo axis in hepatic immunity. Interestingly, reanalysis of gene expression pattern in liver biopsies of patients chronically infected with HBV (GSE83148, GSE65359) indicated an activation of TLR2 and however, an MST1-dominated Hippo control in the immune clearance phase of patients with chronic HBV infection. We demonstrated that MyD88-dependent TLR signaling activates NF-κB and Hippo signaling, with YAP prompting the IκBα-mediated negative feedback, alongside NF-κB. Imbalance between immune induction and Hippo activation may have implications for the safety of novel HBV cure strategies interfering with pathogen recognition receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Luo
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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11
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Al-Dujaili AH, Mousa RF, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. High Mobility Group Protein 1 and Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 in Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Associations With Interleukin-6, Symptom Domains, and Neurocognitive Impairments. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:530-541. [PMID: 32971537 PMCID: PMC7965081 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) are associated with aberrations in immune-inflammatory pathways. Increased high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory mediator, and Dickkopf-related protein (DKK1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist, affect the blood-brain barrier and induce neurotoxic effects and neurocognitive deficits. AIM The present study aims to examine HMGB1 and DDK1 in nonresponders to treatments (NRTT) with antipsychotics (n = 60), partial RTT (PRTT, n = 55), and healthy controls (n = 43) in relation to established markers of SCZ, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and CCL11 (eotaxin), and to delineate whether these proteins are associated with the SCZ symptom subdomains and neurocognitive impairments. RESULTS HMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 were significantly higher in SCZ patients than in controls. DKK1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in NRTT than in PRTT and controls, while IL-10 was higher in NRTT than in controls. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that SCZ was best predicted by increased DDK1 and HMGB1, while NRTT (vs PRTT) was best predicted by increased IL-6 and CCL11 levels. A large part of the variance in psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, and negative (PHEMN) symptoms and formal thought disorders was explained by HMGB1, IL-6, and CCL11, while most neurocognitive functions were predicted by HMGB1, DDK1, and CCL11. CONCLUSIONS The neurotoxic effects of HMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 including the effects on the blood-brain barrier and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may cause impairments in executive functions and working, episodic, and semantic memory and explain, in part, PHEMN symptoms and a nonresponse to treatment with antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Fadhil Mousa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia; tel: 0066-930466001, e-mail:
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12
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Targeting Liver Cancer Stem Cells: An Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102746. [PMID: 32987767 PMCID: PMC7598600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first report of cancer stem cell (CSC) from Bruce et al. has demonstrated the relatively rare population of stem-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The discovery of leukemic CSCs prompted further identification of CSCs in multiple types of solid tumor. Recently, extensive research has attempted to identity CSCs in multiple types of solid tumors in the brain, colon, head and neck, liver, and lung. Based on these studies, we hypothesize that the initiation and progression of most malignant tumors rely largely on the CSC population. Recent studies indicated that stem cell-related markers or signaling pathways, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and Notch signaling, contribute to the initiation and progression of various liver cancer types. Importantly, CSCs are markedly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches and current targeted therapeutics. Therefore, it is believed that selectively targeting specific markers and/or signaling pathways of hepatic CSCs is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating chemotherapy-resistant liver cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the hepatic CSC hypothesis and discuss the specific surface markers and critical signaling pathways involved in the development and maintenance of hepatic CSC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367700, Korea;
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406840, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6315; Fax: +82-32-899-6350
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13
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Zhang Z, Trippler M, Real CI, Werner M, Luo X, Schefczyk S, Kemper T, Anastasiou OE, Ladiges Y, Treckmann J, Paul A, Baba HA, Allweiss L, Dandri M, Gerken G, Wedemeyer H, Schlaak JF, Lu M, Broering R. Hepatitis B Virus Particles Activate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling Initially Upon Infection of Primary Human Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2020; 72:829-844. [PMID: 31925967 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, conflicting data exist as to whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) has the ability to induce innate immune responses. Here, we investigated cellular changes after the first contact between HBV and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in vitro and in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS The exposure of PHH to HBV particles resulted in nuclear translocation of NFκB, followed by the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL [interleukin] 1B, IL6, and TNF [tumor necrosis factor]). Ultraviolet irradiation of viral particles suppressed HBV infectivity but not the induction of cytokines in PHH, suggesting that the inoculum contains the immune-inducing agent. Purified HBV particles on the whole, which were prepared from HBV DNA-positive and protein-rich fractions after heparin column separation, still had immune-inducing capacity in PHH. The HBV-induced gene expression profile was similar to that induced by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand Pam3Cys, but different from those induced by the viral sensors TLR3 or TLR7-9. Treatment of PHH with both HBV particles and Pam3Cys led to phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B). Finally, HBV-induced gene expression could be neutralized by TLR2-specific antibodies. Of note, pretreatment with an HBV entry inhibitor attenuated the TLR2-mediated response to HBV, suggesting a receptor binding-related mechanism. In liver-humanized uPA/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)/beige mice challenged with HBV in vivo, immune induction could only marginally be seen. CONCLUSIONS PHHs are able to sense HBV particles through TLR2, leading to an activation of anti-HBV immune responses in vitro. These findings challenge the previously described stealth properties of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine I Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Werner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia E Anastasiou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ladiges
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Treckmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Allweiss
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg F Schlaak
- Department of Internal medicine, Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Zhang R, Lin HM, Broering R, Shi XD, Yu XH, Xu LB, Wu WR, Liu C. Dickkopf-1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:54. [PMID: 31839998 PMCID: PMC6895114 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) expression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. We previously reported that DKK1 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of DKK1 in HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of DKK1 in HCC. The expression of DKK1 was examined in cirrhotic and HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). DKK1 was silenced or overexpressed in HCC cell lines, and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DKK1 was weakly expressed in cirrhotic tissues (8/22, 36.4%) but upregulated in HCC tissues (48/53, 90.6%, cohort 1). Significant upregulation of DKK1 was observed in 57.6% (19/33, cohort 2) of HCC tissues by qRT-PCR, and the expression of DKK1 was associated with tumor size (P = 0.024) and tumor number (P = 0.019). Genetic depletion of DKK1 impaired the proliferation, colony-forming ability, invasion, and tumor formation of HCC cells (HepG2 and HUH-7). Conversely, forced expression of DKK1 increased the proliferation, colony-forming ability, and invasion of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells in vitro and enhanced tumor formation in vivo. Subsequent investigation revealed that the DKK1-mediated proliferation and tumorigenicity of HepG2 and HUH-7 cells is dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings indicate that DKK1 plays an oncogenic role in HCC by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hao-Ming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xiang-de Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-huan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-bo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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15
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马 金, 朱 益, 王 箴, 昝 嘉, 曹 陇, 冯 遵, 王 森, 范 倩, 颜 亮. [miR-593 inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro by down-regulating PLK1]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:144-149. [PMID: 30890500 PMCID: PMC6765644 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of miR-593 in regulating the proliferation of colon cancer cells and the molecular mechanism. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis identified PLK1 as the possible target gene of miR-593. Luciferase assay was employed to verify the binding between miR-593 and PLK1, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify that PLK1 was the direct target gene of miR-593. CCK-8 assay was performed to test the hypothesis that miR-593 inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells by targeting PLK1. RESULTS Luciferase assay identified the specific site of miR-593 binding with PLK1. Western blotting showed a significantly decreased expression of PLK1 in the colon cancer cells transfected with miR-593 mimics and an increased PLK1 expression in the cells transfected with the miR-593 inhibitor as compared with the control cells (P < 0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed no significant differences in the expression levels of PLK1 among the cells with different treatments (P > 0.05). The cell proliferation assay showed opposite effects of miR-593 and PLK1 on the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and the effect of co-transfection with miR-593 mimic and a PLK1-overexpressing plasmid on the cell proliferation was between those in PLK1 over-expressing group and miR-593 mimic group. CONCLUSIONS miR-593 inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by down-regulating PLK1 and plays the role as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金珠 马
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 益平 朱
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院,安徽 芜湖 2410222 First Affiliated Hospital of Wangnan Medical College, Wuhu 241022, China
| | - 箴 王
- 皖南医学院第一附属医院,安徽 芜湖 2410222 First Affiliated Hospital of Wangnan Medical College, Wuhu 241022, China
| | - 嘉伟 昝
- 安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 陇 曹
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 遵永 冯
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 森林 王
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 倩 范
- 天津市肿瘤医院,天津 300060Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - 亮 颜
- 皖南医学院活性生物大分子安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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16
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Miranda TS, Napimoga MH, Feres M, Marins LM, da Cruz DF, da Silva HDP, Duarte PM. Antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes and smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:293-302. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires S. Miranda
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Letícia M. Marins
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniele F. da Cruz
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hélio Doyle P. da Silva
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Poliana M. Duarte
- Dental Research Division; Department of Periodontology; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
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