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Nair B, Kamath AJ, Tergaonkar V, Sethi G, Nath LR. Mast cells and the gut-liver Axis: Implications for liver disease progression and therapy. Life Sci 2024; 351:122818. [PMID: 38866220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The role of mast cells, traditionally recognized for their involvement in immediate hypersensitivity reactions, has garnered significant attention in liver diseases. Studies have indicated a notable increase in mast cell counts following hepatic injury, underscoring their potential contribution to liver disorder pathogenesis. Predominantly situated in connective tissue that envelops the hepatic veins, bile ducts, and arteries, mast cells are central to both initiating and perpetuating liver disorders. Additionally, they are crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal barrier function. The gut-liver axis emphasizes the complex, two-way communication between the gut microbiome and the liver. Past research has implicated gut microbiota and their metabolites in the progression of hepatic disorders. This review sheds light on how mast cells are activated in various liver conditions such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrogenesis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It also briefly explores the connection between the gut microbiome and mast cell activation in these hepatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India; Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Adithya Jayaprakash Kamath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara, P.O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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Okcu O, Öztürk Ç, Yalçın N, Yalçın AC, Şen B, Aydın E, Öztürk AE. Effect of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (mast cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes) on neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast carcinomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 70:152301. [PMID: 38581761 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite screening, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response is one of the most important parameters taken into consideration in surgery, optimal adjuvant chemotherapy planning and prognosis prediction. Research on predictive markers for the response to NAC is still ongoing. In our study, we investigated the relationship between tumor-infiltrating neutrophils/mast cells/lymphocytes and NAC response in breast carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHOD Study included 117 patients who were diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma using core needle biopsy. In these biopsies tumor-infiltrating neutrophils/mast cells/lymphocytes were evaluated and Miller Payne Score was used for NAC response. RESULT 53 patients exhibited high TILs, 36 had high TINs, and 46 showed high TIMs. While pathological complete response was 27 % in all patients, it was 38 % in high TINs patients, 35 % in high TILs patients, and 28 % in high TIMs patients. High TIMs were observed to be statistically associated with survival. TILs, TINs, nuclear grade, ER, PR and HER2 expression, Ki-67 proliferation index were found to be associated with the Miller - Payne score. In multivariate analysis, TINs, nuclear grade, pathological stage, and molecular subtype were found to be independent risk factors for treatment response. CONCLUSION TINs have better prognostic value to predict neoadjuvant treatment than TILs. High TIMs are associated with increased overall survival. The inclusion of TINs in NAC response and TIMs in overall survival in pathology reports and treatment planning is promising in breast carcinomas as they are simple to use and reproducible markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Okcu
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Öztürk
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nazlıcan Yalçın
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Anıl Can Yalçın
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Bayram Şen
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Esra Aydın
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Oncology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emin Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences, Prof Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Santos JMO, Tavares V, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. MiR-150 and miR-155 expression predicts survival of cervical cancer patients: a translational approach to novel prognostic biomarkers. Biomarkers 2023; 28:617-627. [PMID: 37942654 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2269320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetiological agent of cervical cancer, which remains the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. K14-HPV16 transgenic mice are a model for HPV-induced cancers, which undergo multistep squamous carcinogenesis at the skin, that is histologically and molecularly similar to carcinogenesis of the human cervix. Previous screens of differentially regulated microRNAs (miRs) using K14-HPV16 mice showed a role for miR-21, miR-155, miR-150, miR-146a, miR-125b and miR-223 during carcinogenesis. METHODS We now aim to translate these observations into the clinical setting, using data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to explore whether those microRNAs can influence the survival of cervical cancer patients. RESULTS Results showed that low miR-150, miR-155 and miR-146a expression levels in primary tumours were associated with poor overall survival. However, only miR-150 and miR-155 were found to be independent predictors, increasing the risk of death. When patients were stratified by clinical stage, low miR-150, miR-155, miR-146a and miR-125b were associated with poor survival for clinical stages I and II. Only low miR-150 expression increased the death risk. CONCLUSION We conclude that miR-150 and miR-155 may be potentially applied as prognostic biomarkers in cervical cancer patients. However, further investigation is required to determine their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal, University of Maranhão (UFMA), and UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, Brazil
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, PortugalPorto
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS) of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer, Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Porto, Portugal
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Molfetta R, Lecce M, Milito ND, Putro E, Pietropaolo G, Marangio C, Scarno G, Moretti M, De Smaele E, Santini T, Bernardini G, Sciumè G, Santoni A, Paolini R. SCF and IL-33 regulate mouse mast cell phenotypic and functional plasticity supporting a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:616. [PMID: 37730723 PMCID: PMC10511458 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are multifaceted innate immune cells often present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Several recent findings support their contribution to the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. However, MC-derived mediators can either favor tumor progression, inducing the spread of the tumor, or exert anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting tumor growth. This apparent controversial role likely depends on the plastic nature of MCs that under different microenvironmental stimuli can rapidly change their phenotype and functions. Thus, the exact effect of unique MC subset(s) during tumor progression is far from being understood. Using a murine model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, we initially characterized the MC population within the TME and in non-lesional colonic areas, by multicolor flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrated that tumor-associated MCs harbor a main connective tissue phenotype and release high amounts of Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α. This MC phenotype correlates with the presence of high levels of Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and IL-33 inside the tumor. Thus, we investigated the effect of SCF and IL-33 on primary MC cultures and underscored their ability to shape MC phenotype eliciting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings support the conclusion that during colonic transformation a sustained stimulation by SCF and IL-33 promotes the accumulation of a prevalent connective tissue-like MC subset that through the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α maintains a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Lecce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy-Division of functional immune cell modulation, Franz-Josef-Strausse, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nadia D Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Erisa Putro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Marangio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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The Controversial Role of Intestinal Mast Cells in Colon Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030459. [PMID: 36766801 PMCID: PMC9914221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident sentinels involved in large number of physiological and pathological processes, such as infection and allergic response, thanks to the expression of a wide array of receptors. Mast cells are also frequently observed in a tumor microenvironment, suggesting their contribution in the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. In particular, the link between inflammation and colorectal cancer development is becoming increasingly clear. It has long been recognized that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Evidence from experimental animals also implicates the innate immune system in the development of sporadically occurring intestinal adenomas, the precursors to colorectal cancer. However, the exact role of mast cells in tumor initiation and growth remains controversial: mast cell-derived mediators can either exert pro-tumorigenic functions, causing the progression and spread of the tumor, or anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting the tumor's growth. Here, we review the multifaceted and often contrasting findings regarding the role of the intestinal mast cells in colon cancer progression focusing on the molecular pathways mainly involved in the regulation of mast cell plasticity/functions during tumor progression.
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Hou Y, Wang Q, Su L, Zhu Y, Xiao Y, Feng F. Increased tumor-associated mast cells facilitate thyroid cancer progression by inhibiting CD8+ T cell function through galectin-9. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12370. [PMID: 37042867 PMCID: PMC10085758 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important component of solid tumors, mast cells show specific phenotypes in various tumor microenvironments. However, the precise mechanism of mast cell accumulation and the phenotypic features of thyroid cancer (TC) remain largely unknown. Here, we found that mast cells were obviously recruited to tumor tissue by TC-derived stem cell factor (SCF). With tumor progression, mast cell levels increased gradually. In addition, intratumoral mast cells expressed higher levels of the immunosuppressive molecule galectin-9, which effectively suppresses CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity in vitro. Blocking galectin-9 on tumor-infiltrating mast cells reversed the immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our data elucidated novel protumorigenic and immunosuppressive roles of mast cells in TC. In addition, our results indicated that blocking mast cells may impede tumor progression and ameliorate the prognosis of TC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Hou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Deyang Stomatological Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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Wang Y, Liu K, Shen K, Xiao J, Zhou X, Cheng Q, Hu L, Fan H, Ni P, Xu Z, Zhang D, Yang L. A novel risk model construction and immune landscape analysis of gastric cancer based on cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015235. [PMID: 36387229 PMCID: PMC9643840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified cuproptosis, a new mechanism of regulating cell death. Accumulating evidence suggests that copper homeostasis is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression, however, the clinical significance of cuproptosis in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we obtained 26 prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) based on 19 cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) via Pearson correlation analysis, differential expression analysis, and univariate Cox analysis. A risk model based on 10 CRLs was established with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of GC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The risk model has excellent accuracy and efficiency in predicting prognosis of GC patients (Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.742, 0.803, 0.806 at 1,3,5 years, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, we found that the risk score was negatively correlated with the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and helper T cells, while positively correlated with the infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Moreover, we evaluated the difference in drug sensitivity of patients with different risk patterns. Furthermore, low-risk patients showed higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and better immunotherapy response than high-risk patients. In the end, we confirmed the oncogenic role of AL121748.1 which exhibited the highest Hazard Ratio (HR) value among 10 CRLs in GC via cellular functional experiments. In conclusion, our risk model shows a significant role in tumor immunity and could be applied to predict the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kanghui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peidong Ni
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Diancai Zhang, ; Li Yang,
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Liyang People’s Hospital, Liyang Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Liyang, China
- *Correspondence: Diancai Zhang, ; Li Yang,
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Kalkusova K, Smite S, Darras E, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Vannucci L, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. Mast Cells and Dendritic Cells as Cellular Immune Checkpoints in Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911080. [PMID: 36232398 PMCID: PMC9569882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. These inhibitors are game changers in many cancers and for many patients, sometimes show unprecedented therapeutic efficacy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is largely limited in many solid tumors where the tumor-controlled immune microenvironment prevents the immune system from efficiently reaching, recognizing, and eliminating cancer cells. The tumor immune microenvironment is largely orchestrated by immune cells through which tumors gain resistance against the immune system. Among these cells are mast cells and dendritic cells. Both cell types possess enormous capabilities to shape the immune microenvironment. These capabilities stage these cells as cellular checkpoints in the immune microenvironment. Regaining control over these cells in the tumor microenvironment can open new avenues for breaking the resistance of solid tumors to immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss mast cells and dendritic cells in the context of solid tumors and how these immune cells can, alone or in cooperation, modulate the solid tumor resistance to the immune system. We will also discuss how this modulation could be used in novel immunotherapeutic modalities to weaken the solid tumor resistance to the immune system. This weakening could then help other immunotherapeutic modalities engage against these tumors more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kalkusova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sindija Smite
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elea Darras
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-435-968; Fax: +420-224-435-962
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Huang S, Wu H, Luo F, Zhang B, Li T, Yang Z, Ren B, Yin W, Wu D, Tai S. Exploring the role of mast cells in the progression of liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:964887. [PMID: 36176778 PMCID: PMC9513450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.964887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being associated with allergic diseases, parasites, bacteria, and venoms, a growing body of research indicates that mast cells and their mediators can regulate liver disease progression. When mast cells are activated, they degranulate and release many mediators, such as histamine, tryptase, chymase, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor–α(TNF-α), interleukins cytokines, and other substances that mediate the progression of liver disease. This article reviews the role of mast cells and their secretory mediators in developing hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their essential role in immunotherapy. Targeting MC infiltration may be a novel therapeutic option for improving liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehai Wu
- *Correspondence: Sheng Tai, ; Dehai Wu,
| | - Sheng Tai
- *Correspondence: Sheng Tai, ; Dehai Wu,
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Shan L, Lu Y, Song Y, Zhu X, Xiang CC, Zuo ED, Cheng X. Identification of Nine M6A-Related Long Noncoding RNAs as Prognostic Signatures Associated with Oxidative Stress in Oral Cancer Based on Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9529814. [PMID: 35910847 PMCID: PMC9337974 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9529814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and N6-methyladenosine (M6A) is correlated with different tumors, it remains unclear how M6A-related lncRNA functioning affects the initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods Gene expression and clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The prognostic value of M6A-related lncRNAs was determined using univariate Cox regression analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis of OSCC patient clusters revealed the pathways that elucidate the mechanism. Furthermore, a risk-based model was established. The difference in the overall survival (OS) between groups, including low-/high-risk groups, was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Relationships among immune cells, clusters, clinicopathological characteristics, and risk scores were explored. Results Among 1,080 M6A-related lncRNAs, 36 were prognosis-related. Patients with OSCC were divided into two clusters. T stage and the pathological grade were noticeably lower in cluster 2 than in cluster 1. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition showed greater enrichment in cluster 1. Nine hub M6A-related lncRNAs were identified for the model of risk score for predicting OSCC prognosis. The OS was longer in patients with a low-risk score than in patients with a high-risk score. The risk score was an independent prognostic factor of OSCC and was associated with the infiltration of different immune cells. T stages and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages were more advanced in the high-risk score group than in the low-risk score group. Finally, expression correlation analysis showed that the risk score is associated with the expression of oxidative stress markers. Conclusion M6A-related lncRNAs play an important role in OSCC progression. Immune cell infiltration was related to the risk score model in OSCC and could accurately predict OSCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Taicang), Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University/Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Taicang), Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Taicang), Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Er-Dong Zuo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Taicang), Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow University Affiliated Taicang Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Taicang), Jiangsu 215400, China
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11
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Pham L, Kyritsi K, Zhou T, Ceci L, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G, Sato K. The Functional Roles of Immune Cells in Primary Liver Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:826-836. [PMID: 35337836 PMCID: PMC9194651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Incidence of liver cancer has been increasing in recent years, and the 5-year survival is <20%. HCC and CCA are often accompanied with a dense stroma coupled with infiltrated immune cells, which is referred to as the tumor microenvironment. Populations of specific immune cells, such as high density of CD163+ macrophages and low density of CD8+ T cells, are associated with prognosis and survival rates in both HCC and CCA. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment can be a therapeutic target for liver cancer treatments. Previous studies have introduced immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, pulsed dendritic cells, or transduced T cells, to enhance cytotoxicity of immune cells and inhibit tumor growth. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of immune cells in primary liver cancer covering HCC and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Pham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Killeen, Texas
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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12
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Identification of Five m6A-Related lncRNA Genes as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer Based on TCGA Database. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2547029. [PMID: 35571565 PMCID: PMC9095403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2547029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Due to difficulties involved in its early diagnosis and adequate prognostication, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most serious threats to human health, with the five-year survival rate being as low as roughly 60%. The discovery of specific biomarkers that serve as prognosticators of UCEC is of great significance. The role of N6-methyladenosine- (m6A-) related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of UCEC remains undefined. In this study, we explored the expression profiles of m6A-related lncRNAs of patients with UCEC and identified novel prognostic markers for UCEC. Methods. Gene expression and clinical data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Coexpression analysis was performed to identify m6A-related lncRNAs, which were entered into univariate Cox regression models for evaluating the prognosis of UCEC. Clusters of UCEC patients and enrichment pathways were identified using consistent data clustering and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A risk score model was established, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted for investigating overall survival (OS) across two patient groups (high risk and low risk). Lastly, the relationship between the risk score and the cell content of 22 types of immune cells, clusters, age, programmed cell death 1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression level, immune score, and pathological grade was analyzed. Results. We identified a total of 2084 lncRNAs associated with m6A, of which 32 lncRNAs were prognostically relevant. Two clusters (clusters 1 and 2) of patients with UCEC were defined; patients in cluster 1 were found to have significantly higher pathological grades and shorter overall survival time compared to those in cluster 2. GSEA showed that “MITOTIC SPINDLE and other pathways” were more enriched in cluster 1. Five major lncRNAs associated with m6A were screened out, and risk score modeling was used for UCEC prognosis prediction. High risk scores were associated with a shorter OS. The risk score was also verified as an independent prognostic indicator for UCEC and was related to immune cell infiltration levels. Finally, we observed a higher pathological grade and greater levels of PD-L1 in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group of patients. Conclusions. m6A-related lncRNAs play an important role in UCEC progression. The risk-based model constructed from the five key m6A-related lncRNAs was implicated in immune cell infiltration and can potentially be an accurate prognosticator for UCEC.
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13
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Zhao P, Zhou P, Tang T, Si R, Ji Y, Hu X, Li A, Jiang Y. Levels of circulating mast cell progenitors and tumour‑infiltrating mast cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:89. [PMID: 35293596 PMCID: PMC8931805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been an area of intense interest. Mast cell density is closely related to CRC development and prognosis. The identification of mast cell progenitors (MCps) in peripheral blood provides an opportunity to explore the frequency and distribution of mast cells in the circulation and tumour microenvironment of patients with CRC at different disease stages. The aim of the presents study was to investigate the changes of MCps and mast cells in CRC. Flow cytometry was used to measure the circulating frequency of MCps in 37 patients with CRC and 12 healthy control (HC) patients, and the frequency of mast cells in tissue from 15 patients with CRC and 7 patients with haemorrhoids. In the present study, lower levels of circulating MCps in patients with CRC were found, which was significantly related to CRC development. After surgery, the frequency of circulating MCps was significantly increased. However, the frequency of mast cells in tumour tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues and compared with HC tissues and was not associated with CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Si
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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14
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Xu T, Gu H, Zhang C, Zhang W, Liang X, Cheng X. A Novel Risk Model Identified Based on Pyroptosis-Related lncRNA Predicts Overall Survival and Associates With the Immune Landscape of GC Patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:843538. [PMID: 35198013 PMCID: PMC8859253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.843538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumors worldwide. Pyroptosis was widely reported to exert a crucial function in tumor development. In addition, pyroptosis was also proved to be associated with the immune landscape. However, whether pyroptosis-related lncRNAs are associated with the prognosis and the immune landscape of GC remains unclear. In the present study, we first constructed a novel risk model by using pyroptosis-related lncRNAs. We identified 11 pyroptosis-related lncRNAs for the establishment of the risk model. The risk model could be used to predict the survival outcome and immune landscape of GC patients. The results of survival analysis and AUC value of a time-related ROC curve proved that our risk model has an elevated efficiency and accuracy in predicting the survival outcome of patients. We also found that the risk model was also associated with the immune landscape, drug sensitivity, and tumor mutation burden of GC patients. In conclusion, our risk model plays a crucial role in the tumor immune microenvironment and could be used to predict survival outcomes of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanxin Gu
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changsong Zhang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wushuang Zhang
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Cheng, ; Xiaolong Liang,
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Cheng, ; Xiaolong Liang,
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15
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Mast Cells in Immune-Mediated Cholangitis and Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030375. [PMID: 35159185 PMCID: PMC8834285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, which is impaired bile flow from the liver into the intestine, can be caused by cholangitis and/or bile duct obstruction. Cholangitis can arise from bacterial infections and cholelithiasis, however, immune-mediated cholangitis in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by a strong immune response targeting the biliary epithelial cells (BECs). Persistent biliary inflammation further represents a risk for biliary neoplasia, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) by driving chronic cellular stress in the BECs. Currently, immune-mediated cholangitis is considered a Th1-Th17-dominant disease, however, the presence of Th2-related mast cells (MCs) in tissue samples from PBC, PSC and CCA patients has been described, showing that these MCs are active players in these diseases. Here, we reviewed and discussed experimental and clinical data supporting a pro-fibrotic role for MCs in immune-mediated cholangitis as well as their participation in supporting tumor growth acting as angiogenesis promoters. Thus, although MCs have classically been identified as downstream effectors of Th2 responses in allergies and parasitic infections, evidence suggests that these MCs are relevant players in biliary inflammation and neoplasia. The availability of strategies to prevent MCs’ activation represents a therapeutic opportunity in biliary diseases.
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16
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Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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17
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Zhu WJ, Hu ZF, Yuan Z. Progress in research of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1207-1214. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i21.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is less than 5%, and the only available treatments, surgery, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation, have shown limited effectiveness. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising successes in the treatment of some types of solid tumors because of its diverse TCR clonality, superior tumor-homing ability, and low off-target toxicity. The significant association between a high TIL density in pancreatic cancer tissue and a good clinical outcome and success of pancreatic cancer-specific TIL expansion ex vivo potentiates the rationality of the TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer. However, there are still many challenges ahead, such as neoantigen screening, rapid cell expansion, and low cytotoxicity. This article reviews the recent advances and limitations of TIL therapy in pancreatic cancer and discusses its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Fei Hu
- CAR-T (Shanghai) Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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18
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Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111500. [PMID: 34829729 PMCID: PMC8614912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
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19
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Lopez AG, Duparc C, Wils J, Naccache A, Castanet M, Lefebvre H, Louiset E. Steroidogenic cell microenvironment and adrenal function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111377. [PMID: 34216641 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human adrenal cortex is a complex organ which is composed of various cell types including not only steroidogenic cells but also mesenchymal cells, immunocompetent cells and neurons. Intermingling of these diverse cell populations favors cell-to-cell communication processes involving local release of numerous bioactive signals such as biogenic amines, cytokines and neuropeptides. The resulting paracrine interactions play an important role in the regulation of adrenocortical cell functions both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Especially, recent evidence indicates that adrenocortical cell microenvironment is involved in the pathogenesis of adrenal disorders associated with corticosteroid excess. The paracrine factors involved in these intraadrenal regulatory mechanisms may thus represent valuable targets for future pharmacological treatments of adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France
| | - Julien Wils
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Naccache
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen, France.
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen, France
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20
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Immune Cells and Immunoglobulin Expression in the Mammary Gland Tumors of Dog. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051189. [PMID: 33919282 PMCID: PMC8143349 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells have a role in tumor progression and have prognostic and therapeutic potential. The immunohistochemical expression for Mast Cell Tryptase, Macrophage Marker, CD79a, IgA, IgM and IgG on 43 cases of canine mammary gland lesions was analyzed. In hyperplasia, a few B cells (BCs) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) were observed, while the number of Tumor-Associated Mast Cells (TAMCs) was the highest. In the peritumoral stroma of malignant lesions, low number of TAMCs and a high number of TAMAs and BCs were present. Immune cells of each type were always lower in the intratumoral than peritumoral stroma. Positivity to CD79a was also detected in the epithelial cells of simple and micropapillay carcinomas. Immunoglobulin reactivity was mainly located in the epithelial cells where an intense positivity to IgA and IgG and a weak positivity for IgM were detectable. On the basis of our preliminary results and literature data, we suggest that such cells and molecules could be directly involved in the biology of canine mammary gland tumors. In breast cancer, stromal inflammatory cells and cancer derived immunoglobulins have been correlated with the progression, malignancy and poor prognosis of the tumor. The results herein reported show that the dog's mammary gland epithelium also expresses immunoglobulins, and they mostly show a direct relationship with the infiltration of macrophages. In addition, this study shows that the infiltration of mast cells, B-cells and macrophages varies depending on the degree of malignancy of neoplasia.
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21
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Xiong J, Wang H, Wang Q. Suppressive Myeloid Cells Shape the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e1900311. [PMID: 33729699 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the outcome of the conflict between the host immune system and cancer cells. The crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor progression and metastasis. Many studies have clarified the cellular and molecular events that can induce cancer cells to escape immune surveillance, including those involving tumor-induced myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) accelerate tumor growth and induce angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance once converted into potent immunosuppressive cells. Here, how tumor infiltrating myeloid cells participate in tumor immune evasion and the prospects of these cells in cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xiong
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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22
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Gamez-Belmonte R, Erkert L, Wirtz S, Becker C. The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249772. [PMID: 33371444 PMCID: PMC7767427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is among the most complex organs of the human body. It has to exert several functions including food and water absorption while setting up an efficient barrier to the outside world. Dysfunction of the gut can be life-threatening. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or colorectal cancer, therefore, pose substantial challenges to clinical care. The intestinal epithelium plays an important role in intestinal disease development. It not only establishes an important barrier against the gut lumen but also constantly signals information about the gut lumen and its composition to immune cells in the bowel wall. Such signaling across the epithelial barrier also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to cytokines and other mediators of immune cells in the lamina propria and shape the microbial community within the gut by producing various antimicrobial peptides. Thus, the epithelium can be considered as an interpreter between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, safeguarding and moderating communication to the benefit of the host. Type 2 immune responses play important roles in immune-epithelial communication. They contribute to gut tissue homeostasis and protect the host against infections with helminths. However, they are also involved in pathogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. The current review provides an overview of current concepts regarding type 2 immune responses in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Zhang L, Chen J, Cheng T, Yang H, Li H, Pan C. Identification of the key genes and characterizations of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC). J Cancer 2020; 11:4965-4979. [PMID: 32742444 PMCID: PMC7378909 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the key genes and immune microenvironment involved in different TNM stages of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The gene expression and clinical characteristics data were downloaded from the genomic data commons (GDC) database. After initial data processing, the characteristics of the immune microenvironment were analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor vs. normal, and in early vs. advanced stages were screened, followed by Spearman correlation test for tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) to identify immune-related genes. Finally, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and survival analyses were performed. In LUAD, early stage was with higher immune scores, greater number of memory B cells and M0 macrophages compared to advanced stage. M0 and M2 macrophages, and resting memory CD4+ T cells accounted for a large proportion of TIICs in LUAD. The abundance of M0 macrophage infiltration was significantly correlated with the TNM stage and survival. In LUSC, early stage was with higher cytolytic activity and neoantigen burden compared to advanced stage. M0 and M2 macrophages, and plasma cells accounted for a large proportion of TIICs in LUSC. The abundance of resting and activated mast cells was significantly correlated with TNM stage, while resting dendritic cells, eosinophils, activated memory CD4 T cells, and mast cells were significantly correlated with prognosis. Tumor mutation burden analysis revealed that the median of variants per sample decreased from stage I to IV in LUAD, while it increased in LUSC. Further, 83 and 9 immune-related DEGs were identified in LUAD and LUSC, respectively, of which 23 genes in LUAD and 2 genes in LUSC correlated with survival. In conclusion, we identified the key genes, and characterized the tumor immune microenvironment in LUAD and LUSC which may provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China, 410013
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24
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Abstract
Early mast cell (MC) infiltration has been reported in a wide range of human and animal tumors particularly malignant melanoma and breast and colorectal cancer. The consequences of their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or at their margins still remain unclear as it is associated with a good or poor prognosis based on the type and anatomical site of the tumor. Within the tumor, MC interactions occur with infiltrated immune cells, tumor cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) through direct cell-to-cell interactions or release of a broad range of mediators capable of remodeling the TME. MCs actively contribute to angiogenesis and induce neovascularization by releasing the classical proangiogenic factors including VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, and IL-6, and nonclassical proangiogenic factors mainly proteases including tryptase and chymase. MCs support tumor invasiveness by releasing a broad range of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MC presence within the tumor gained additional significance when it was assumed that controlling its activation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and masitinib) and tryptase inhibitors (gabexate and nafamostat mesylate) or controlling their interactions with other cell types may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Hu G, Wang S, Zhong K, Xu F, Huang L, Chen W, Cheng P. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia predicts favorable clinical outcome in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:454. [PMID: 32434481 PMCID: PMC7240929 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated eosinophils have been deemed to affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression via various mechanisms in tumor microenvironment. However, the prognostic role of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in human cancers remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to better comprehend the association between TATE and clinical outcomes of patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO to determine the researches assessing the association between TATE and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with cancer, then combined relevant data into hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (OR) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features including lymph node metastasis etc. with STATA 12.0. Results Twenty six researches with 6384 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the presence of TATE was significantly associated with improved OS, but not with DFS in all types of cancers. In stratified analyses based on cancer types, pooled results manifested that the infiltration of eosinophils was remarkably associated with better OS in esophageal carcinoma and colorectal cancer. In addition, TATE significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and lymphatic invasion of cancer. Conclusion TATE promotes survival in cancer patients, suggesting that it is a valuable prognostic biomarker and clinical application of biological response modifiers or agonists promoting TATE may be the novel therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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26
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Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident, innate immune cells that play a key role in the inflammatory response and tissue homeostasis. Mast cells accumulate in the tumor stroma of different human cancer types, and increased mast cell density has been associated to either good or poor prognosis, depending on the tumor type and stage. Mast cells play a multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment by modulating various events of tumor biology, such as cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. Moreover, tumor-associated mast cells have the potential to shape the tumor microenvironment by establishing crosstalk with other tumor-infiltrating cells. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the role of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. These cells have received much less attention than other tumor-associated immune cells but are now recognized as critical components of the tumor microenvironment and could hold promise as a potential target to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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27
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Wei L, Delin Z, Kefei Y, Hong W, Jiwei H, Yange Z. A classification based on tumor budding and immune score for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1672495. [PMID: 32002283 PMCID: PMC6959452 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1672495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of immune profiling and tumor budding in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the association between tumor budding and lymphocytic infiltration in HCC. Meanwhile, HCC patients were stratified based on tumor budding grade and immune score. Patients and methods: A total of 423 HCC patients were divided into training (n = 212) and validation (n = 211) cohort. Tumor slides from resected HCC samples were used for tumor budding assessment. A prognosis-relevant immune score was developed based on five types of immune cells out of eleven immune markers. A classification based on tumor budding grade and immune type was established (IS-TB type). To explore the association of IS-TB type and molecular alterations of HCC, 100 HCC samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 100 patients were investigated by whole-exome sequencing. Results: Tumor budding was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and DFS in both of the training and validation cohorts (all P values <.05). The rate of high-grade tumor budding was significantly higher in HCC with immature stroma (P < .001), strong α-SMA expression (P = .005), non-steatotic tumors and non-fibrolamellar-HCC (P < .001). Additionally, tumor budding was related to both anti- and pro-tumor immune responses. Patients were classified into immune type A and immune type B according to the immune score. Based on tumor budding grade and immunotype, patients were classified into four subgroups: ISA-TBhigh (type I), ISB-TBhigh (type II), ISA-TBlow (type III) and ISB-TBlow (type IV). Patients with type III tumor had the best OS and DFS, whereas OS and DFS were the worst for cases with type II tumor. TP53 mutation was more frequent in IS-TB type I (ISATBhigh) patients, while IS-TB type IV (ISBTBlow) harbored high number of CTNNB1 mutation. Conclusion: Tumor-immune cell interactions in HCC is heterogeneous. HCC classification based on tumor budding and immune score correlates with patient survival and molecular alterations. The defined subtypes may have significance for utilizing individualized treatment in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Delin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Kefei
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huang Jiwei
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Yange
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Siiskonen H, Harvima I. Mast Cells and Sensory Nerves Contribute to Neurogenic Inflammation and Pruritus in Chronic Skin Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:422. [PMID: 31619965 PMCID: PMC6759746 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate interaction between mast cells and sensory nerves can be illustrated by the wheal and surrounding flare in an urticarial reaction in human skin. This reaction is typically associated with an intense itch at the reaction site. Upon activation, cutaneous mast cells release powerful mediators, such as histamine, tryptase, cytokines, and growth factors that can directly stimulate corresponding receptors on itch-mediating sensory nerves. These include, e.g., H1- and H4-receptors, protease-activated receptor-2, IL-31 receptor, and the high-affinity receptor of nerve growth factor (TrkA). On the other hand, sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, that are able to stimulate mast cells to release mediators leading to potentiation of the reciprocal interaction, inflammation, and itch. Even though mast cells are well recognized for their role in allergic skin whealing and urticaria, increasing evidence supports the reciprocal function between mast cells and sensory nerves in neurogenic inflammation in chronic skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which are often characterized by distressing itch, and exacerbated by psychological stress. Increased morphological contacts between mast cells and sensory nerves in the lesional skin in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as experimental models in mice and rats support the essential role for mast cell-sensory nerve communication in consequent pruritus. Therefore, we summarize here the present literature pointing to a close association between mast cells and sensory nerves in pruritic skin diseases as well as review the essential supporting findings on pruritic models in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka Harvima
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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29
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Qu J, Cheng T, Liu L, Heng J, Liu X, Sun Z, Wang W, Li K, Yang N. Mast cells induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration in non-small cell lung cancer through IL-8/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:3830-3841. [PMID: 31333800 PMCID: PMC6636305 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In the various cancer, mast cells (MCs) infiltration is correlated with a worse prognosis. There is an increasing evidence that MCs and their mediators are participated in remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and facilitate tumor growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Methods: The transwell was conducted to evaluate the correlations between MCs and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. The RNA interference of β-catenin was performed to further explore the signaling pathway. Lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and human MC (HMC-1) were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice. The conventional experiment methods (such as quantitative RT-PCR Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, and ELISA) were used in the present study. Results: We found that high density of MCs in NSCLC correlates with worse prognosis. The NSCLC cells could release CCL5 and recruit MCs to the tumor microenvironment. Then, we explored that HMC-1 transplantation accelerated the growth of A549 cell in nude mice. Moreover, the MCs-derived factors were responsible for tumor growth. When NSCLC cells were activated, MCs produced various factors that induced EMT and migration. We also identified that CXCL8/interleukin (IL)-8 served as the major modulator containing in the activated MC conditioned medium. Furthermore, MCs and exogenous IL-8 promoted β-catenin phosphorylation in NSCLC cells. Inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by RNA interference could revert EMT and migration of NSCLC. Conclusions: Our study suggests that MCs are recruited into NSCLC microenvironment and improve the EMT and migration of cancer cells, thereby accelerating the growth of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Research Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianfu Heng
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Research Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaobao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Research Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kunyan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Research Institution, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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30
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Hof J, Kok K, Sijmons RH, de Jong KP. Systematic Review of the Prognostic Role of the Immune System After Surgery of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Front Oncol 2019; 9:148. [PMID: 30941301 PMCID: PMC6433783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current prognostication of patient survival after surgery for colorectal liver metastases is based on clinical characteristics, but low accuracy makes it difficult to guide treatment for the individual patient. Rapidly evolving technologies have led to the expectation that biomarkers will be able to outperform the current clinical scoring systems and provide more effective personalised treatment. Two main topics prevail in cancer treatment, namely the role of the immune system and the prediction and prognostication by application of high-throughput methodology. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for prognostic immunological and molecular markers studied in tumour tissue obtained at surgical resection for colorectal liver metastases. Methods: First we analysed immunophenotypical protein markers, that are mainly studied by immunohistochemistry. Second, we review molecular markers by analysing high-throughput studies on tumour mRNA and microRNA expression. Results: CD3, CD4, and CD8 are the most frequently studied protein markers. High intra-tumoural CD3+ T cell infiltration and low CXCR4 expression have the best association with favourable patient survival. Studies that analysed microRNA or mRNA expression data showed very little overlap in prognostic genes. Conclusions: Patient prognostication after surgery for colorectal liver metastases by analysing the immune system remains difficult. Current data are based on diverse and heterogeneous patient populations which prohibits drawing firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Hof
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rolf H Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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31
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Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Matsuyama R, Homma Y, Hoffman RM, Endo I. Role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:130-137. [PMID: 30923782 PMCID: PMC6422798 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a highly recalcitrant disease despite the development of systemic chemotherapies. New treatment options are thus urgently required. Dense stromal formation, so-called "desmoplastic stroma," plays controversial roles in terms of pancreatic cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells comprise the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is considered an immune-quiescent disease, but activation of immunological response in pancreatic cancer may contribute to favorable outcomes. Herein, we review the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, with a focus on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
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32
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Lefebvre H, Duparc C, Naccache A, Lopez AG, Castanet M, Louiset E. Paracrine Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 109:303-339. [PMID: 30678861 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone secretion by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is controlled by circulating factors including the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and potassium. Mineralocorticoid production is also regulated through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism by a wide variety of bioactive signals released in the vicinity of adrenocortical cells by chromaffin cells, nerve endings, cells of the immune system, endothelial cells and adipocytes. These regulatory factors include conventional neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Their physiological role in the control of aldosterone secretion is not fully understood, but it is likely that they participate in the RAS-independent regulation of zona glomerulosa cells. Interestingly, recent observations indicate that autocrine/paracrine processes are involved in the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism. The intraadrenal regulatory systems observed in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), although globally similar to those occurring in the normal adrenal gland, harbor alterations at different levels, which tend to strengthen the potency of paracrine signals to activate aldosterone secretion. Enhancement of paracrine stimulatory tone may participate to APA expansion and aldosterone hypersecretion together with somatic mutations of driver genes which activate the calcium signaling pathway and subsequently aldosterone synthase expression. Intraadrenal regulatory mechanisms represent thus promising pharmacological targets for the treatment of primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Céline Duparc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Naccache
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
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33
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Nakanishi H, Miyata Y, Mochizuki Y, Yasuda T, Nakamura Y, Araki K, Sagara Y, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Pathological significance and prognostic roles of densities of CD57+ cells, CD68+ cells, and mast cells, and their ratios in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:102-108. [PMID: 29787818 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is closely associated with malignant behavior in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, understanding the pathological roles of immune cells in tumor stroma is essential to discuss the pathological characteristics of RCC. In this study, the clinical significance of densities of CD57+ cells, CD68+ cells, and mast cells, and their ratios were investigated in patients with clear cell RCC. The densities of CD57+, CD68+, and mast cells were evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques in 179 patients. Proliferation index, apoptotic index, and microvessel density were evaluated by using anti-Ki-67, anti-cleaved caspase-3, and anti-CD31 antibodies, respectively. The density of CD57+ cell was negatively correlated with grade, pT stage, and metastasis, although densities of CD68+ cell and mast cell were positively correlated. Ratios of CD68+ cell/CD57+ cell and mast cell/CD57+ cell were significantly correlated with grade, pT stage, and metastasis. Survival analyses showed that the CD68+ cell/CD57+ cell ratio was a significant predictor for cause-specific survival by multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.93, P = .031) and was significantly correlated with proliferation index, apoptotic index, and microvessel density (r = .47, P <. 001; r = -.31, P < .001; and r = .40, P < .001, respectively). In conclusion, CD57+ cells, CD68+ cells, and mast cells played important roles in malignancy in clear cell RCC. The CD68+ cell/CD57+ cell ratio was strongly correlated with pathological features and prognosis in these patients because this ratio reflected the status of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakanishi
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Mochizuki
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takuji Yasuda
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kyohei Araki
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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