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Wāng Y, Han Y, Xu DX. Developmental impacts and toxicological hallmarks of silver nanoparticles across diverse biological models. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2024; 19:100325. [PMID: 38046179 PMCID: PMC10692670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), revered for their antimicrobial prowess, have become ubiquitous in a range of products, from biomedical equipment to food packaging. However, amidst their rising popularity, concerns loom over their possible detrimental effects on fetal development and subsequent adult life. This review delves into the developmental toxicity of AgNPs across diverse models, from aquatic species like zebrafish and catfish to mammalian rodents and in vitro embryonic stem cells. Our focus encompasses the fate of AgNPs in different contexts, elucidating associated hazardous results such as embryotoxicity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we scrutinize the enduring adverse impacts on offspring, spanning impaired neurobehavior function, reproductive disorders, cardiopulmonary lesions, and hepatotoxicity. Key hallmarks of developmental harm are identified, encompassing redox imbalances, inflammatory cascades, DNA damage, and mitochondrial stress. Notably, we explore potential explanations, linking immunoregulatory dysfunction and disrupted epigenetic modifications to AgNPs-induced developmental failures. Despite substantial progress, our understanding of the developmental risks posed by AgNPs remains incomplete, underscoring the urgency of further research in this critical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yán Wāng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yapeng Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Holthaus E, O'Neill M, Jeske W, DeChristopher P, Goodman J, Glynn L, Levin S, Muraskas J. Endocan: A biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, linking maternal obesity and pediatric obesity in a cohort of preterm neonates. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 297:132-137. [PMID: 38626514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous animal and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive association between maternal obesity in pregnancy and obesity in offspring. The biologic mechanisms of this association remain under investigation. One proposed mechanism includes fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction secondary to inflammation. Endocan is a relatively new biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Our objectives were to examine (1) the association between maternal obesity and neonatal serum endocan at birth, and (2) the association between neonatal serum endocan at birth and pediatric obesity at 24-36 months of age. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of neonates born < 33 weeks gestation. Serum endocan was collected within 48 hours of birth. Serum endocan levels were compared in neonates born to obese mothers vs. those born to non-obese mothers. BMI data were retrospectively collected from cohort neonates between 24 and 36 months of age. RESULTS The analysis included 120 mother/neonate dyads. Neonates born to obese mothers had higher median serum endocan at birth compared to neonates born to non-obese mothers (299 ng/L [205-586] vs. 251 ng/L [164-339], p = 0.045). In a linear regression modeled on neonatal serum endocan level, maternal obesity had a statistically significant positive association (p = 0.021). Higher mean serum endocan level at birth was associated with pediatric obesity between 24 and 36 months (obese vs. non-obese offspring; 574 ng/L (222) vs. 321 ng/L (166), p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of preterm neonates, elevated serum endocan at birth was associated with both maternal obesity and downstream pediatric obesity. More research is needed to understand intergenerational transmission of obesity. A large focus has been on epigenetic modification. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation may play important roles in these pathways. Effective biomarkers, including endocan, may also serve as intermediate outcomes in future pregnancy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holthaus
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - M O'Neill
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - W Jeske
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - P DeChristopher
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine. Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - J Goodman
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MU Women's Hospital, 404 N Keene St, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - L Glynn
- Pediatric Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital, 120 Mineola Blvd, Suite 210, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - S Levin
- Neonatal Perinatal. University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP 7504, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Muraskas
- Neonatal-Perinatal Research, Neonatology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Xue J, Xu Z, Hu X, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Microplastics in maternal amniotic fluid and their associations with gestational age. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171044. [PMID: 38382607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a growing global concern due to its potential threat to human health, particularly concerning fetal health. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the sources of fetal MPs exposure and its impact on fetal development. In this study, MPs levels in maternal amniotic fluid (AF) and their associations with measures of fetal growth were investigated. Specifically, 40 human AF samples were collected to determine the presence and characteristics of MPs using laser direct infrared (LD-IR) spectroscopy. MPs were found in 32 out of 40 AF samples, with an average abundance of 2.01 ± 4.19 particles/g. Polyethylene (PE, 38.80 %) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE, 26.98 %) were the most prevalent polymers. The majority of MPs (87.56 %) were 20-100 μm in size, and fragments (71.23 %) evidently prevailed in morphology. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed to explore the associations between MPs levels in the AF and maternal dietary habits, aiming at unveiling the potential sources of MPs in AF. The MPs levels in the AF were positively associated with the frequency of seafood consumption (r = 0.781, P < 0.001) and bottled water intake (r = 0.386, P = 0.014). Moreover, the associations between MPs levels in maternal AF and measures of fetal growth were evaluated. The abundance of total MPs in maternal AF were significantly negatively associated with gestational age (β = -0.44, 95 % CI, -0.83, -0.05). This study confirms the presence of MPs in human AF and provides compelling evidence linking them to gestational age, while highlighting the potential risks associated with dietary habits. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into the mechanisms of MPs transmission from mother to fetus and the potential health implications during fetal development, offering valuable insights for future policies aimed at safeguarding maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhendong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and critical care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Mustonen P, Kortesluoma S, Scheinin NM, Perasto L, Kataja EL, Tervahartiala K, Tuulari JJ, Coimbra B, Carter AS, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N, Paavonen EJ, Korja R, Karlsson H, Karlsson L. Negative associations between maternal prenatal hair cortisol and child socioemotional problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106955. [PMID: 38232530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal distress can participate in the programming of offspring development, in which exposure to altered maternal long-term cortisol levels as measured by hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) may contribute. Yet, studies investigating whether and how maternal prenatal HCC associates with problems in child socioemotional development are scarce. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the timing and potential sex-specificity of fetal exposure to altered cortisol levels and whether there are interactions with maternal prenatal distress, such as depressive symptoms. The subjects were drawn from those FinnBrain Birth Cohort families that had maternal reports of child socioemotional problems (the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment [BITSEA] at 2 years and/or the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] at 5 years) as follows: HCC1 population: maternal mid-pregnancy HCC measured at gestational week 24 with 5 cm segments to depict cortisol levels from the previous five months (n = 321); and HCC2 population: end-of-pregnancy HCC measured 1-3 days after childbirth (5 cm segment; n = 121). Stepwise regression models were utilized in the main analyses and a sensitivity analysis was performed to detect potential biases. Negative associations were observed between maternal HCC2 and child BITSEA Total Problems at 2 years but not with SDQ Total difficulties at 5 years, and neither problem score was associated with HCC1. In descriptive analyses, HCC2 was negatively associated with Internalizing problems at 2 years and SDQ Emotional problems at 5 years. A negative association was observed among 5-year-old girls between maternal HCC1 and SDQ Total Difficulties and the subscales of Conduct and Hyperactivity/inattentive problems. When interactions were also considered, inverse associations between HCC2 and BITSEA Internalizing and Dysregulation Problems were observed in subjects with elevated prenatal depressive symptoms. It was somewhat surprising that only negative associations were observed between maternal HCC and child socioemotional problems. However, there are previous observations of elevated end-of-pregnancy cortisol levels associating with better developmental outcomes. The magnitudes of the observed associations were, as expected, mainly modest. Future studies with a focus on the individual changes of maternal cortisol levels throughout pregnancy as well as studies assessing both maternal and child HPA axis functioning together with child socioemotional development are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mustonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Susanna Kortesluoma
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Satakunta Wellbeing Services County, Sairaalantie 3, 28500 Pori, Finland
| | - Laura Perasto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Tervahartiala
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice S Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA), Hospital de Braga, Lugar de Sete Fontes, S. Victor, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Assistentinkatu 7, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Medisiina A, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Lawson Y, Comerford KB, Mitchell EP. A review of dairy food intake for improving health for black women in the US during pregnancy, fetal development, and lactation. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:219-227. [PMID: 38368233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are special life stages that require regular nutritional and medical attention to help protect the health of the mother and promote the growth and development of the offspring. Despite an increased focus on maternal and fetal health over the last several decades, the rates of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality are increasing in the United States (US). On average, Black women who are pregnant or lactating face greater health disparities and birth complications than other racial/ethnic groups in the US. The issues contributing to these disparities are multi-faceted and include sociocultural, economic, medical, and dietary factors. For example, Black women face greater rates of food insecurity, worse access to healthcare, and lower nutrient status when compared to White women. A growing body of research suggests that consuming a healthier dietary pattern is one of the most potent modifiable risk factors associated with improved fertility and reducing pregnancy-related complications. Recent publications have also shed light on the role of dairy foods in improving diet quality and nutrient status among Black women and for impacting maternal and fetal health outcomes, such as preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and fetal growth. To support healthy pregnancy and lactation, the current national dietary guidelines recommend the consumption of 3 servings of dairy foods per day. However, the vast majority of Black women in the US are falling short of these recommendations and are not meeting nutrient requirements for calcium and vitamin D. Therefore, strategies that target misconceptions surrounding lactose intolerance and focus on the health value of adequate dairy intake among Black women of child-bearing age may benefit both prenatal and postpartum health. This review presents the current evidence on health disparities faced by pregnant and lactating Black women in the US, and the role of dairy foods in supporting healthy pregnancy, fetal development, and lactation outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Lawson
- FACOG, Associate Attending, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kevin B Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science, California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Powell TL, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Madi L, Uhlson C, Zemski-Berry K, Kramer AC, Erickson K, Palmer C, Chassen SS, Castillo-Castrejon M. Synthesis of phospholipids in human placenta. Placenta 2024; 147:12-20. [PMID: 38278000 PMCID: PMC10923060 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental phospholipid synthesis is critical for the expansion of the placental exchange surface area and for production of signaling molecules. Despite their importance, it is not yet established which enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis and remodeling of placental phospholipids are expressed and active in the human placenta. METHODS We identified phospholipid synthesis enzymes by immunoblotting in placental homogenates and immunofluorescence in placenta tissue sections. Primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells from term healthy placentas (n = 10) were cultured and exposed to 13C labeled fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6, 22:6 n-3) for 2 and 24 h. Three phospholipid classes; phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylcholine containing 13C fatty acids were quantified by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). RESULTS Acyl transferase and phospholipase enzymes were detected in human placenta homogenate and primarily expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast. Three representative 13C fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6) were incorporated rapidly into phosphatidic acid in trophoblasts, but 13C labeled docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) incorporation was not detected. 13C DHA was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine containing all four 13C labeled fatty acids were found in high abundance. CONCLUSIONS Phospholipid synthesis and remodeling enzymes are present in the syncytiotrophoblast. 13C labeled fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into cellular phospholipids. 13C DHA was incorporated into phospholipids through the remodeling pathway rather than by de novo synthesis. These understudied pathways are highly active and critical for structure and function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Powell
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Veronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- University of Nantes-INRAE UMR 1280 PhAN, CHU Nantes, CRNH Ouest CHU Hotel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 1er etage aile nord HNB, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Lana Madi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Karin Zemski-Berry
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Claire Palmer
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Stephanie S Chassen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th St., Stanton L Young Biomedical Research Center Room 458, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Zhao X, Cai X, Zhu H, Dang Q, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Jiang X, Hu Z, Wei Y, Xiao R, Yu H. 27-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits trophoblast fusion during placenta development by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:849-863. [PMID: 38180513 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell syncytialization is essential for placental and fetal development. Abnormal trophoblast cell fusion leads to pregnancy pathologies, such as preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and miscarriage. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is the most abundant oxysterol in human peripheral blood synthesized by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and is considered a critical mediator between hypercholesterolemia and a variety of related disorders. Gestational hypercholesterolemia was associated with spontaneous preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW) in term infants, yet the mechanism is unclear. In this study, two trophoblast cell models and CD-1 mice were used to evaluate the effects of 27-OHC on trophoblast fusion during placenta development. Two different kinds of trophoblast cells received a dosage of 2.5, 5, or 10 uM 27-OHC. Three groups of pregnant mice were randomly assigned: control, full treatment (E0.5-E17.5), or late treatment (E13.5-E17.5). All mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline (control group) and 27-OHC (treatment group; 5.5 mg/kg). In vitro experiments, we found that 27-OHC inhibited trophoblast cell fusion in primary human trophoblasts (PHT) and forskolin (FSK)-induced BeWo cells. 27-OHC up-regulated the expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. Moreover, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 rescued the inhibitory effect of 27-OHC. Inhibition of trophoblast cell fusion by 27-OHC was also observed in CD-1 mice. Furthermore, fetal weight and placental efficiency decreased and fetal blood vessel development was inhibited in pregnant mice treated with 27-OHC. This study was the first to prove that 27-OHC inhibits trophoblast cell fusion by Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which dyslipidemia during pregnancy results in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- FuXing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyu Dang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandi Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Zhuo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanling Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Dai Y, Peng Y, Hu W, Liu Y, Wang H. Prenatal amoxicillin exposure induces developmental toxicity in fetal mice and its characteristics. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:287-301. [PMID: 37980015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Amoxicillin, a widely used antibiotic in human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, is now considered as an "emerging contaminant" because it exists widespreadly in the environment and brings a series of adverse outcomes. Currently, systematic studies about the developmental toxicity of amoxicillin are still lacking. We explored the potential effects of amoxicillin exposure on pregnancy outcomes, maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, and fetal multiple organ development in mice, at different doses (75, 150, 300 mg/(kg·day)) during late-pregnancy, or at a dose of 300 mg/(kg·day) during different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy) and courses (single-/multi-course). Results showed that prenatal amoxicillin exposure (PAmE) had no significant influence on the body weights of dams, but it could inhibit the physical development and reduce the survival rate of fetuses, especially during the mid-pregnancy. Meanwhile, PAmE altered multiple maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, especially in fetuses. Fetal multi-organ function results showed that PAmE inhibited testicular/adrenal steroid synthesis, long bone/cartilage and hippocampal development, and enhanced ovarian steroid synthesis and hepatic glycogenesis/lipogenesis, and the order of severity might be gonad (testis, ovary) > liver > others. Further analysis found that PAmE-induced multi-organ developmental and functional alterations had differences in stages, courses and fetal gender, and the most obvious changes might be in high-dose, late-pregnancy and multi-course, but there was no typical rule of a dose-response relationship. In conclusion, this study confirmed that PAmE could cause abnormal development and multi-organ function alterations, which deepens our understanding of the risk of PAmE and provides an experimental basis for further exploration of the long-term harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Mercado L, Escalona-Vargas D, Siegel ER, Preissl H, Bolin EH, Eswaran H. Exploring the Influence of Fetal Sex on Heart Rate Dynamics Using Fetal Magnetocardiographic Recordings. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:823-831. [PMID: 37884730 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Fetal sex has been associated with different development trajectories that cause structural and functional differences between the sexes throughout gestation. Fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) recordings from 123 participants (64 females and 59 males; one recording/participant) from a database consisting of low-risk pregnant women were analyzed to explore and compare fetal development trajectories of both sexes. The gestational age of the recordings ranged from 28 to 38 weeks. Linear metrics in both the time and frequency domains were applied to study fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) measures that reveal the dynamics of short- and long-term variability. Rates of linear change with GA in these metrics were analyzed using general linear model regressions with assessments for significantly different variances and GA regression slopes between the sexes. The fetal sexes were well balanced for GA and sleep state. None of the fHRV measures analyzed exhibited significant variance heterogeneity between the sexes, and none of them exhibited a significant sex-by-GA interaction. The absence of a statistically significant sex-by-GA interaction on all parameters resulted in none of the regression slope estimates being significantly different between the sexes. With high-precision fMCG recordings, we were able to explore the variation in fHRV parameters as it relates to fetal sex. The fMCG-based fHRV parameters did not show any significant difference in rates of change with gestational age between sexes. This study provides a framework for understanding normal development of the fetal autonomic nervous system, especially in the context of fetal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mercado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Diana Escalona-Vargas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elijah H Bolin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Hari Eswaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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Wylie AC, Short SJ, Fry RC, Mills-Koonce WR, Propper CB. Maternal prenatal lead levels and neonatal brain volumes: Testing moderations by maternal depressive symptoms and family income. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107322. [PMID: 38244816 PMCID: PMC10990786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that prenatal lead exposure is detrimental to child cognitive and socio-emotional development. Further evidence suggests that the effects of prenatal lead on developmental outcomes may be conditional upon exposure to social stressors, such as maternal depression and low socioeconomic status. However, no studies have examined associations between these co-occurring stressors during pregnancy and neonatal brain volumes. Leveraging a sample of 101 mother-infant dyads followed beginning in mid-pregnancy, we examined the main effects of prenatal urinary lead levels on neonatal lateralized brain volumes (left and right hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, frontal lobes) and total gray matter. We additionally tested for moderations between lead and depressive symptoms and between lead and family income relative to the federal poverty level (FPL) on the same neurodevelopmental outcomes. Analyses of main effects indicated that prenatal lead was significantly (ps < 0.05) associated with reduced right and left amygdala volumes (βs = -0.23- -0.20). The testing and probing of cross-product interaction terms using simple slopes indicated that the negative effect of lead on the left amygdala was conditional upon mothers having low depressive symptoms or high income relative to the FPL. We interpret the results in the context of trajectories of prenatal and postnatal brain development and susceptibility to low levels of prenatal lead in the context of other social stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Sarah J Short
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - W Roger Mills-Koonce
- School of Education, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cathi B Propper
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
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Crequit S, Grangé G, Goffinet F, Girault A. Assessing the external validity and clinical relevance of umbilical doppler resistance index references in daily practice. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102720. [PMID: 38160906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the external validity and clinical relevance of current references for umbilical artery resistance index (UA RI) in daily practice. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional single center study including all UA RI measurements between 22 and 40 gestational weeks (GW) from distinct patients between 2014 and 2022. Patients with normal pregnancies and normal neonatal outcomes that had an UA RI measurement between 2014 and 2019 were used to calculate reference ranges. The established reference for the 95th centile was compared to two current references. The clinical relevance of the established reference was tested by comparing neonatal outcomes according to the 95th percentile among the consecutive distinct patients between 2020 and 2022. RESULTS Among the 13342 consecutive distinct patients with a singleton pregnancy that had an UA RI measurement between 22 and 40 GW between 2014 and 2022, 5298 patients were included to establish the reference ranges, and 3634 patients to validate these ranges. For each gestational age, the established references were similar to current references. Using the established references, the proportion of patients presenting an UA RI>95th percentile among the patients with normal pregnancies in the validation population was comparable to the proportion when using the two current references. Among the validation population, 268 patients (7.4 %) (95%CI[6.5-8.2]) presented an UA RI ≥ 95th percentile. Of these 268 patients, 67.9% had a SGA newborn (versus 19.2%, p<0.001) and 59% a preterm birth (versus 13.9%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The reference range obtained from daily practice is clinically relevant and similar to current references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Crequit
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Montreuil Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Montreuil Maternity Unit, 56 Boulevard de la Boissière, Montreuil 93100, France.
| | - Gilles Grangé
- Port-Royal Maternity Unit, Department of Obstetrics, FHU PREMA, Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris F-75014, France
| | - François Goffinet
- Port-Royal Maternity Unit, Department of Obstetrics, FHU PREMA, Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris F-75014, France; INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, FHU PREMA, Clinical Research Unit of Paris Descartes Necker Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Aude Girault
- Port-Royal Maternity Unit, Department of Obstetrics, FHU PREMA, Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris F-75014, France; INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, FHU PREMA, Clinical Research Unit of Paris Descartes Necker Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France, APHP, Paris, France
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Shine D, Siriwardana H, Minehan M, Takito MY, Jani R, Knight-Agarwal CR. The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of pregnant women regarding seafood consumption during the antenatal period: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38267938 PMCID: PMC10807157 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition impacts fetal growth and development. The Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) guidelines recommend pregnant women consume 2-3 servings (224-336 g) of fish/seafood per week to support intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, given adequate consumption supports numerous health benefits including reduced risk of preterm and early preterm birth. Evidence indicates that pregnant women purposely lower their fish/seafood intake, largely due to fears of methylmercury exposure. The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding their fish/seafood consumption during the antenatal period. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2018 and December 2020 among a purposive sample of 12 pregnant women from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Themes were developed on the women's lived experience related to fish/seafood knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviour. RESULTS The most prominent finding was widespread non-adherence to fish/seafood consumption guidelines. This was largely owing to a lack of proactive health promotion related to the health benefits of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, including the health promoting roles of long chain omega 3 fatty acids for fetal growth and development. Three themes were identified: nutrition knowledge; sources of health promotion; and barriers and enablers to fish/seafood consumption. CONCLUSIONS To support adequate maternal consumption of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, emphasis should be placed on the benefits of consuming this food group regularly. Additionally, pregnant women should receive education about the health promoting role of long chain omega 3 fatty acids. Dietitians are well placed to provide this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Shine
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Heshani Siriwardana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Michelle Minehan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Monica Yuri Takito
- Department of Human Movement, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rati Jani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Catherine R Knight-Agarwal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia.
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Wondemagegn AT, Bekana M, Bekuretsion Y, Afework M. The effect of possible mediators on the association between chewing khat during pregnancy and fetal growth and newborn size at birth in Eastern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38218789 PMCID: PMC10787403 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restriction in the growth of the fetus is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and short- and long-term morbidity. Documented existing scientific evidence have shown the effects of maternal drugs use, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, cocaine use and heroin use on fetal growth restriction. However, data is lacking on the effects of khat chewing during pregnancy on fetal growth status and newborn size at birth. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to measure the effect of chewing khat during pregnancy on fetal growth and size at birth in eastern Ethiopia. METHOD A cohort study was conducted in selected health institutions in eastern Ethiopia. All pregnant women fulfilled the eligibility criteria in the selected health institutions was the source population. The calculated sample size of exposed and unexposed groups included in the study, in total, was 344. Data collection was performed prospectively by interviewers administered questionnaires, and anthropometric, clinical and ultrasound measurements. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and STATA version 16 software. The survival analysis (cox proportional hazards model) and generalized linear model (GLM) for the binomial family analysis were performed to estimate the crude and adjusted relative risk and attributable risk (AR) with corresponding 95% CI of chewing khat on fetal growth restriction. The mediation effect has been examined through Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) analysis using the Stata 'gsem' command. Statistically significant association was declared at p-value less than 5%. RESULTS In the present study, the incidence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) among the study cohorts was 95 (29.7%); of this, 81 (85.3%) were among khat chewer cohorts. The relative risk of fetal growth restriction among khat chewer cohort mothers was significantly higher (aRR = 4.32; 95%CI 2.62-7.12). Moreover, the incidence of small for gestational age at birth among the present study cohorts was 100 (31.3%); 84 (84%) were from khat chewer cohorts' deliveries. More importantly, in the present study, 98.95% of the ultrasound-identified fetuses with FGR were found to be SGA at birth. Hence, in the current study, FGR was highly associated with SGA at birth. In additional analysis, the regression coefficient of khat chewing during pregnancy on fetal growth restriction has been decreased in size from path o, β = 0.43, p < 0.001 to path o', β = 0.32, p < 0.001, after adjusting for gestational hypertension and maternal anemia. CONCLUSION In sum, the present study showed khat chewing during pregnancy is not simply affected the mothers, but it also affected the unborn fetuses. Therefore, the health workers as well as the local community and religious leaders should give high emphasis on provision of health education regarding the damage of chewing khat by pregnant mothers, with especial focus of the effects on their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Taye Wondemagegn
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Miressa Bekana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Bekuretsion
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mekbeb Afework
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Karila-Cohen J, Laux D, Houyel L, Bonnet D. Aorta Without Coronary Arteries: Anatomic Variants of a Rare Malformation. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:200-207. [PMID: 37934240 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Absence of connection of both coronary arteries to the aorta is an extremely rare congenital malformation. Most cases reported are anatomic variants of anomalous left coronary artery to pulmonary artery, found in isolation or in association with other congenital heart defects. We describe here four cases of patients born without any coronary artery connected to the aorta, including two with an almost complete absence of epicardial coronary arteries, one with single coronary artery to the right pulmonary artery, and one with left ventricular connection of a single coronary artery. Those exceptional coronary malformations have a poor prognosis and are often diagnosed at autopsy. Total absence of epicardial coronary arteries, present in two of our patients and described only once in the literature, leads us to reconsider current knowledge of human coronary artery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Karila-Cohen
- Medical and Surgical Unit of Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, Reference Centre for Complex Congenital Heart Defects - M3C, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
| | - Daniela Laux
- Medical and Surgical Unit of Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, Reference Centre for Complex Congenital Heart Defects - M3C, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Houyel
- Medical and Surgical Unit of Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, Reference Centre for Complex Congenital Heart Defects - M3C, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Medical and Surgical Unit of Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, Reference Centre for Complex Congenital Heart Defects - M3C, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France
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15
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Tu Y, Li Y, Fan X, Gui Z, Dai J, Fang Q, Qiu T, Bai J, Liu Y. Combined impact of Hepatitis B virus and gestational diabetes mellitus on ultrasound-measured fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes: A seven-year retrospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111092. [PMID: 38219600 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of pregnancy with combined hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS All the pregnant women with HBV infection and/or GDM who delivered at Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University between January 2015, and September 2022 were included. A total of 1633 pregnant women were recruited in the final analysis, including 409 women with HBV infection and GDM, 396 with HBV infection only, 430 with GDM only, and 398 without HBV infection and GDM. Linear and logistic regression models were used to study the impact of pregnancy with combined HBV infection and GDM on fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes. RESULTS Pregnancy with combined HBV infection and GDM was associated with increased Z-scores on primary fetal ultrasound parameters and significantly increased the risk of fetal femur length overgrowth (OR: 2.88, 95 % CI: 1.13 ∼ 7.35), placental abruption (OR: 3.64, 95 % CI: 1.18 ∼ 11.22), and macrosomia (OR: 4.19, 95 % CI: 1.66 ∼ 10.56) compared to pregnancy without HBV infection and GDM. CONCLUSIONS Both maternal HBV infection and GDM are independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Their combination further increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Tu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yanting Li
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zaidi Gui
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiamiao Dai
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qingbo Fang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Tianlai Qiu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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de Souza Lima B, Sanches APV, Ferreira MS, de Oliveira JL, Cleal JK, Ignacio-Souza L. Maternal-placental axis and its impact on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166855. [PMID: 37633470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity could impact offspring's health. During "critical period" such as pregnancy insults have a significant role in developing chronic diseases later in life. Literature has shown that diet can play a major role in essential metabolic and development processes on fetal outcomes. Moreover, the placenta, an essential organ developed in pregnancy, seems to have its functions impaired based on pre-gestational and gestational nutritional status. Specifically, a high-fat diet has been shown as a potential nutritional insult that also affects the maternal-placental axis, which is involved in offspring development and outcome. Moreover, some classes of nutrients are associated with pregnancy complications such as reduced intake of micronutrients and diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Thus, we will summarize the current literature on maternal environment factors that impacts the placental development and consequently the fetal an offspring health, or the maternal-placental axis, and this on fetal outcomes, metabolism, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Varela Sanches
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Schuchter Ferreira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josilene Lopes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane K Cleal
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Letícia Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang QR, Dong Y, Fan JG. Early-life exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus predisposes offspring to pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023:S1499-3872(23)00245-X. [PMID: 38195352 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the prevailing chronic liver disease in the pediatric population due to the global obesity pandemic. Evidence shows that prenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal abnormalities leads to a higher risk of pediatric NAFLD through persistent alterations in developmental programming. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycemic syndrome which has become the most prevalent complication in pregnant women. An increasing number of both epidemiologic investigations and animal model studies have validated adverse and long-term outcomes in offspring following GDM exposure in utero. Similarly, GDM is considered a crucial risk factor for pediatric NAFLD. This review aimed to summarize currently published studies concerning the inductive roles of GDM in offspring NAFLD development during childhood and adolescence. Dysregulations in hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring, as well as dysfunctions in the placenta are potential factors in the pathogenesis of GDM-associated pediatric NAFLD. In addition, potentially effective interventions for GDM-associated offspring NAFLD are also discussed in this review. However, most of these therapeutic approaches still require further clinical research for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ren Zhang
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Vinnars MT, Bixo M, Damdimopoulou P. Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112064. [PMID: 37683908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal life represents a susceptible window of development during which chemical exposures can permanently alter fetal development, leading to an increased likelihood of disease later in life. Therefore, it is essential to assess exposure in the fetus. However, direct assessment in human fetuses is challenging, so most research measures maternal exposure. Pregnancy induces a range of significant physiological changes in women that may affect chemical metabolism and responses. Moreover, placental function, fetal sex, and pregnancy complications may further modify these exposures. The purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview of major pregnancy-related physiological changes, including placental function and impacts of pregnancy complications, to summarize existing studies assessing chemical exposure in human fetal organs, and to discuss possible interactions between physiological changes and exposures. Our review reveals major knowledge gaps in factors affecting fetal chemical exposure, highlighting the need to develop more sophisticated tools for chemical health risk assessment in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Vinnars
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Bixo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Diniz MS, Hiden U, Falcão-Pires I, Oliveira PJ, Sobrevia L, Pereira SP. Fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity: A potential threat for programming cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166834. [PMID: 37541330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal obesity (MO) increase the risk of adverse fetal outcomes, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease later in life. Extensive research has been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which GDM and MO program the offspring to disease. This review focuses on the role of fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in programming the offspring for cardiovascular disease in GDM and MO pregnancies. We discuss how pre-existing maternal health conditions can lead to vascular dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit and the fetus. We also examine the role of fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in impairing fetal cardiovascular system development and the involvement of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in mediating fetoplacental vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, we suggest that the L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide and the Adenosine-L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide (ALANO) signaling pathways are pertinent targets for research. Despite significant progress in this area, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Diniz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8063 Graz, Austria; Research Unit Early Life Determinants (ELiD), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Yang Z, Wang X, Wang M, Yan S, Wu F, Zhang F. Trajectory of prenatal anxiety and depression and its association with fetal growth development. Early Hum Dev 2023; 187:105875. [PMID: 37866288 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and the impact on women and offspring has been recognized, yet the distinction of impact between them remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the trajectory of prenatal anxiety and depression and their coexistence, as well as to examine the potential variations in pregnancy outcomes and fetal/neonatal growth development. METHOD At baseline (11-13+6 weeks), women were recruited and subsequently monitored in the second (16-20+6 weeks) and third (28-31+6 weeks) trimesters. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In the second (16-20+6 weeks), third (28-31+6 weeks), and prenatal period (37-40+6 weeks), fetal growth was assessed by ultrasound scans. The joint trajectory model was used to determine the trajectory groups of depressive/anxiety dominant or coexistence. Comparisons of fetal/neonatal growth between groups were conducted using analysis of covariance and a multilevel model. RESULT A total of 457 pregnant women were finally included. Four trajectory groups were identified: none-negative emotion (n = 190, 41.6 %), anxiety dominant (n = 195, 42.6 %), depression dominant (n = 33, 7.2 %), and anxiety and depression coexistence (n = 39, 8.6 %). There were significant differences in the antenatal abdominal circumference (335.44 vs 333.92 vs 330.82 vs 325.13 mm, p = 0.007) of fetuses and the birth length (50.14 vs 50.03 vs 49.91 vs 49.18, p = 0.008) of newborns among four groups, showing a clear decreasing trend. Anxiety and depression coexistence displayed a notable and statistically significant difference when compared to the other groups and had a lower increase of fetal abdominal circumference (β = -8.91, 95%CI: -16.15, -1.67, p = 0.016) after controlling for confounding factors. Anxiety and depression dominant groups found no difference in fetal/neonatal growth. CONCLUSIONS The more severe the negative emotional state of mothers, the more restricted their offspring's development, especially in terms of fetal abdominal circumference and birth length. The impact of anxiety or depressive symptoms does not show a pronounced difference. However, what is noteworthy is the tendency and evident impact on offspring development when anxiety and depression coexistence work synergistically. As a result, healthcare professionals should place greater emphasis on addressing anxiety and depression in expectant mothers, particularly among those experiencing anxiety and depression coexisting symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Shuhan Yan
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China.
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21
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徐 金, 韩 娜, 苏 涛, 林 力, 计 岳, 周 双, 包 鹤, 刘 峥, 罗 树, 徐 相, 王 海. [Association of maternal isolated thyroid peroxidase antibody positive in the first trimester with fetal growth]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:886-892. [PMID: 37807744 PMCID: PMC10560913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of isolated thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positive in the first trimester with fetal growth. METHODS A total of 16 446 pregnant women were included in the birth cohort study, whose last menstrual period was between May 2016 and April 2019 and with singleton pregnancy. Maternal serum samples were collected when they firstly came for prenatal care in the first trimester. The pregnant women were consecutively seen and followed in the hospital and the information of pregnant women was extracted from the electronic medical information system. The pregnant women were divided into isolated TPOAb positive group (n=1 654) and euthyroid group (n=14 792). Three fetal ultrasound examinations were scheduled during the routine prenatal visits at the hospital and were performed by trained sonographers. All fetal growth indicators were quantified as gestational age- and gender- adjusted standard deviation score (Z-score) using the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). Fetal growth indicators included estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) and head circumference (HC). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined as AC or EFW Z-score<3rd centile based on clinical consensus. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was applied to assess the association of maternal isolated TPOAb positive with fetal growth. The generalized linear model was further used to analyze the association between isolated TPOAb positive and fetal growth indicator at different gestational ages when the fetal growth indicator was significantly associated with isolated TPOAb positive in the GEE mo-del. RESULTS The median gestational age at three ultrasound measurements was 23.6 (23.3, 24.1), 30.3 (29.7, 30.9), 37.3 (37.0, 37.7) weeks, respectively. The BPD Z-score was higher in isolated TPOAb positive women, compared with the euthyroid pregnant women after adjustment (β=0.057, 95%CI: 0.014-0.100, P=0.009). The generalized linear model showed the BPD Z-score was higher in the isolated TPOAb positive women at the end of 21-25 weeks (β=0.052, 95%CI: 0.001-0.103, P=0.044), 29-32 weeks (β=0.055, 95%CI: 0.004-0.107, P=0.035) and 36-40 weeks (β=0.068, 95%CI: 0.011-0.125, P=0.020), compared with the euthyroid pregnant women. There was no difference in other fetal growth indicators (EFW, AC, FL and HC) and FGR between the isolated TPOAb positive and euthyroid pregnant women. CONCLUSION The BPD Z-score was slightly increased in the isolated TPOAb positive pregnant women in the first trimester, while other fetal growth indicators were not changed. The reproducibility and practical significance of this result need to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金辉 徐
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 娜 韩
- 北京市通州区妇幼保健院, 北京 101100Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101101, China
| | - 涛 苏
- 北京市通州区妇幼保健院, 北京 101100Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 101101, China
| | - 力孜 林
- 中山大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系, 广州 510080Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - 岳龙 计
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 双 周
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 鹤龄 包
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 峥 刘
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 树生 罗
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 相蓉 徐
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 海俊 王
- 北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Abstract
Compelling epidemiological and animal experimental data demonstrate that cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases originate in a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Here, we review evidence suggesting that altered placental function may, at least in part, mediate the link between the maternal environment and changes in fetal growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that the placenta controls the development and function of several fetal tissues through nutrient sensing, modulation of trophoblast nutrient transporters and by altering the number and cargo of released extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we discuss the development and functions of the maternal-placental-fetal interface (in humans and mice) and how cross-talk between these compartments may be a mechanism for in utero programming, focusing on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), adiponectin and O-GlcNac transferase (OGT) signaling. We also discuss how maternal diet and stress influences fetal development and metabolism and how fetal growth restriction can result in susceptibility to developing chronic disease later in life. Finally, we speculate how interventions targeting placental function may offer unprecedented opportunities to prevent cardiometabolic disease in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery C. Kramer
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Shrot S, Hadi E, Barash Y, Hoffmann C. Effect of magnet strength on fetal brain biometry - a single-center retrospective MRI-based cohort study. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1517-1525. [PMID: 37436475 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal fetal brain measurements might affect clinical management and parental counseling. The effect of between-field-strength differences was not evaluated in quantitative fetal brain imaging until now. Our study aimed to compare fetal brain biometry measurements in 3.0 T with 1.5 T scanners. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 1150 low-risk fetuses scanned between 2012 and 2021, with apparently normal brain anatomy, were retrospectively evaluated for biometric measurements. The cohort included 1.5 T (442 fetuses) and 3.0 T scans (708 fetuses) of populations with comparable characteristics in the same tertiary medical center. Manually measured biometry included bi-parietal, fronto-occipital and trans-cerebellar diameters, length of the corpus-callosum, vermis height, and width. Measurements were then converted to centiles based on previously reported biometric reference charts. The 1.5 T centiles were compared with the 3.0 T centiles. RESULTS No significant differences between centiles of bi-parietal diameter, trans-cerebellar diameter, or length of the corpus callosum between 1.5 T and 3.0 T scanners were found. Small absolute differences were found in the vermis height, with higher centiles in the 3.0 T, compared to the 1.5 T scanner (54.6th-centile, vs. 39.0th-centile, p < 0.001); less significant differences were found in vermis width centiles (46.9th-centile vs. 37.5th-centile, p = 0.03). Fronto-occipital diameter was higher in 1.5 T than in the 3.0 T scanner (66.0th-centile vs. 61.8th-centile, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The increasing use of 3.0 T MRI for fetal imaging poses a potential bias when using 1.5 T-based charts. We elucidate those biometric measurements are comparable, with relatively small between-field-strength differences, when using manual biometric measurements. Small inter-magnet differences can be related to higher spatial resolution with 3 T scanners and may be substantial when evaluating small brain structures, such as the vermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Shrot
- Section of Neuroradiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 2 Sheba Rd, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Efrat Hadi
- Diagnostic Ultrasound Unit of the Institute of Obstetrical and Gynecological Imaging, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yiftach Barash
- Section of Neuroradiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 2 Sheba Rd, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Section of Neuroradiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 2 Sheba Rd, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lu X, Mao T, Dai Y, Zhu L, Li X, Ao Y, Wang H. Azithromycin exposure during pregnancy disturbs the fetal development and its characteristic of multi-organ toxicity. Life Sci 2023; 329:121985. [PMID: 37516432 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Azithromycin is widely used in clinical practice for treating maternal infections during pregnancy. Meanwhile, azithromycin, as an "emerging pollutant", is increasingly polluting the environment due to the rapidly increasing usage (especially after the COVID-19). Previous studies have suggested a possible teratogenic risk of prenatal azithromycin exposure (PAzE), but its effects on fetal multi-organ development are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential impacts of PAzE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We focused on pregnancy outcomes, maternal/fetal serum phenotypes, and fetal multiple organ development in mice at different doses (50/200 mg/kg·d) during late pregnancy or at 200 mg/kg·d during different stages (mid-/late-pregnancy) and courses (single-/multi-course). KEY FINDINGS The results showed PAzE increased the rate of the absorbed fetus during mid-pregnancy and increased the intrauterine growth retardation rate (IUGR) during late pregnancy. PAzE caused multiple blood phenotypic changes in maternal and fetal mice, among which the number and degree of changes in fetal blood indicators were more significant. Moreover, PAzE inhibited long bone/cartilage development and adrenal steroid synthesis, promoting hepatic lipid production and ovarian steroid synthesis in varying degrees. The order of severity might be bone/cartilage > liver > gonads > other organs. PAzE-induced multi-organ alterations differed in stages, courses doses and fetal sex. The most apparent changes might be in high-dose, mid-pregnancy, multi-course, and female, while there was no typical rule for a dose-response relationship. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirmed PAzE could cause fetal developmental abnormalities and multi-organ functional alterations, which deepens the comprehensive understanding of azithromycin's fetal developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tongyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Eliesen GAM, Woutersen M, van Engelen J, Muller A. Does REACH provide sufficient information to regulate substances toxic to reproduction? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 143:105462. [PMID: 37500049 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hazard classification and risk assessment of substances, is essential to protect workers and consumers from hazardous substances including reproductive toxicants. The ability to classify substances for reproductive toxicity under the current REACH information requirements has been assessed. For low tonnage substances (<10 ton per annum (tpa)) information for classification is insufficient. When only a reproductive screening study is available (10-100 tpa), substances are mostly not classified in Category 1B as developmental and non-potent fertility effects may be missed. The information requirements could be improved by automatic triggering of follow-up studies in case of a Category 2 classification based on a screening study. Additionally, a study could be added to the information requirements for substances produced at 1-10 tpa. Performing a risk assessment is often problematic due to the limited study requirements at low tonnage levels. Only for substances produced at more than 100 tpa, there is a high likelihood to detect reproductive effects and perform accurate risk assessment provided that the extended-one-generation-reproductive-toxicity-study and/or extra cohorts are triggered where required. Regardless of the tonnage level, no specific studies on lactation are required. With this paper we intend to contribute to the discussion on the information requirements for reproductive toxicity in view of the REACH revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby A M Eliesen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products (VSP), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - M Woutersen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products (VSP), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - J van Engelen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products (VSP), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A Muller
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products (VSP), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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26
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Staud F, Pan X, Karahoda R, Dong X, Kastner P, Horackova H, Vachalova V, Markert UR, Abad C. Characterization of a human placental clearance system to regulate serotonin levels in the fetoplacental unit. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 37612712 PMCID: PMC10464227 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine with diverse functions in multiple human organs and tissues. During pregnancy, tightly regulated levels of 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit are critical for proper placental functions, fetal development, and programming. Despite being a non-neuronal organ, the placenta expresses a suite of homeostatic proteins, membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes, to regulate monoamine levels. We hypothesized that placental 5-HT clearance is important for maintaining 5-HT levels in the fetoplacental unit. We therefore investigated placental 5-HT uptake from the umbilical circulation at physiological and supraphysiological levels as well as placental metabolism of 5-HT to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-HIAA efflux from trophoblast cells. METHODS We employed a systematic approach using advanced organ-, tissue-, and cellular-level models of the human placenta to investigate the transport and metabolism of 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit. Human placentas from uncomplicated term pregnancies were used for perfusion studies, culturing explants, and isolating primary trophoblast cells. RESULTS Using the dually perfused placenta, we observed a high and concentration-dependent placental extraction of 5-HT from the fetal circulation. Subsequently, within the placenta, 5-HT was metabolized to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which was then unidirectionally excreted to the maternal circulation. In the explant cultures and primary trophoblast cells, we show concentration- and inhibitor-dependent 5-HT uptake and metabolism and subsequent 5-HIAA release into the media. Droplet digital PCR revealed that the dominant gene in all models was MAO-A, supporting the crucial role of 5-HT metabolism in placental 5-HT clearance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we present transcriptional and functional evidence that the human placenta has an efficient 5-HT clearance system involving (1) removal of 5-HT from the fetal circulation by OCT3, (2) metabolism to 5-HIAA by MAO-A, and (3) selective 5-HIAA excretion to the maternal circulation via the MRP2 transporter. This synchronized mechanism is critical for regulating 5-HT in the fetoplacental unit; however, it can be compromised by external insults such as antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Xin Pan
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Darby JR, Zhang S, Holman SL, Muhlhausler BS, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. Cardiac growth and metabolism of the fetal sheep are not vulnerable to a 10 day increase in fetal glucose and insulin concentrations during late gestation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18292. [PMID: 37519661 PMCID: PMC10372399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effects of fetal glucose infusion in late gestation on the mRNA expression and protein abundance of molecules involved in the regulation of cardiac growth and metabolism. Main methods Either saline or glucose was infused into fetal sheep from 130 to 140 days (d) gestation (term, 150 d). At 140 d gestation, left ventricle tissue samples were collected. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA expression and protein abundance of key signalling molecules within the left ventricle of the fetal heart. Key findings Although intra-fetal glucose infusion increased fetal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, there was no change in the expression of molecules within the signalling pathways that regulate proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis or fibrosis in the fetal heart. Cardiac Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) mRNA expression was decreased by glucose infusion. Glucose infusion increased cardiac mRNA expression of both Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG). However, there was no change in the mRNA expression of PPAR cofactors or molecules with PPAR response elements. Furthermore, glucose infusion did not impact the protein abundance of the 5 oxidative phosphorylation complexes of the electron transport chain. Significance Despite a 10-day doubling of fetal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, the present study suggests that within the fetal left ventricle, the mRNA and protein expression of the signalling molecules involved in cardiac growth, development and metabolism are relatively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Janna L. Morrison
- Corresponding author. Australian Research Council Future Fellow, Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia,
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Diniz WJ, Ward AK, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Sedivec KK, Kirsch JD, Dorsam ST, Neville TL, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Dataset of RNA-Seq transcriptome of the fetal liver at day 83 of gestation associated with periconceptual maternal nutrition in beef heifers. Data Brief 2023; 48:109173. [PMID: 37180878 PMCID: PMC10172852 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a dataset based on the RNA-Seq analysis of liver tissue from bovine female fetuses at day 83 of gestation. The findings were reported in the main article, "Periconceptual maternal nutrition affects fetal liver programming of energy- and lipid-related genes" [1]. These data were generated to investigate the effects of periconceptual maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation and rates of body weight gain on the transcript abundance of genes associated with fetal hepatic metabolism and function. To this end, crossbred Angus beef heifers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main effects tested were vitamin and mineral supplementation (VTM or NoVTM - at least 71 days pre-breeding to day 83 of gestation) and rate of weight gain (low (LG - 0.28 kg/d) or moderate (MG - 0.79 kg/d) - from breeding to day 83). The fetal liver was collected on day 83 ± 0.27 of gestation. After total RNA isolation and quality control, strand-specific RNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on the Illumina® NovaSeq 6000 platform to generate paired-end 150-bp reads. After read mapping and counting, differential expression analysis was performed with edgeR. We identified 591 unique differentially expressed genes across all six vitamin-gain contrasts (FDR ≤ 0.1). To our knowledge, this is the first dataset investigating the fetal liver transcriptome in response to periconceptual maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation and/or the rate of weight gain. The data described in this article provides genes and molecular pathways differentially programming liver development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J.S. Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Kacie L. McCarthy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Cierrah J. Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, United States
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Sheri T. Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Tammi L. Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, United States
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States
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Lauer G, Pradel W, Birdir C. [Cleft lip and palate : One of the most frequent congenital malformations]. HNO 2023; 71:276-284. [PMID: 36897341 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
With a frequency of 1 per 500 live births, a cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent congenital malformations. Untreated, it leads to disturbances in feeding, speech, hearing, tooth position and esthetics. A multifactorial genesis is assumed. The fusion of the different facial processes takes place in the first 3 months of pregnancy and a cleft can develop during this time. Surgical treatment includes the early anatomical and functional restoration of the affected structures within the first year of life in order to enable normal intake of food, articulation, nasal breathing and middle ear ventilation. Breastfeeding is possible in children with a cleft formation but alternative feeding methods, such as finger feeding, often have to be used. In addition to the surgery for primary closure of the cleft, otorhinolaryngological (ENT) interventions, speech therapy, orthodontic treatment as well as other surgical interventions are part of the interdisciplinary treatment concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Lauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - Winnie Pradel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund‑, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Cahit Birdir
- Universitäts Kinder-Frauenzentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.,Zentrum für feto/neonatale Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
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30
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Watzenboeck ML, Heidinger BH, Rainer J, Schmidbauer V, Ulm B, Rubesova E, Prayer D, Kasprian G, Prayer F. Reproducibility of 2D versus 3D radiomics for quantitative assessment of fetal lung development: a retrospective fetal MRI study. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 36752863 PMCID: PMC9908803 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reproducibility of radiomics features extracted from two-dimensional regions of interest (2D ROIs) versus whole lung (3D) ROIs in repeated in-vivo fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions. METHODS Thirty fetal MRI scans including two axial T2-weighted acquisitions of the lungs were analysed. 2D (lung at the level of the carina) and 3D (whole lung) ROIs were manually segmented using ITK-Snap. Ninety-five radiomics features were extracted from 2 and 3D ROIs in initial and repeat acquisitions using Pyradiomics. Radiomics feature intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated between 2 and 3D ROIs in the initial acquisition, and between 2 and 3D ROIs in repeated acquisitions, respectively. RESULTS MRI data of 11 (36.7%) female and 19 (63.3%) male fetuses acquired at a median 25 + 0 gestational weeks plus days (GW) (interquartile range [IQR] 23 + 4 - 27 + 0 GW) were assessed. Median radiomics feature ICC between 2 and 3D ROIs in the initial MRI acquisition was 0.733 (IQR 0.313-0.814, range 0.018-0.970). ICCs between radiomics features extracted using 3D ROIs in initial and repeat acquisitions (median 0.908 [IQR 0.824-0.929, range 0.335-0.996]) were significantly higher compared to 2D ROIs (0.771 [0.699-0.835, 0.048-0.965]) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fetal MRI radiomics features extracted from 3D whole lung segmentation masks showed significantly higher reproducibility across repeat acquisitions compared to 2D ROIs. Therefore, fetal MRI whole lung radiomics features are robust diagnostic and potentially prognostic tools in the image-based in-vivo quantitative assessment of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Watzenboeck
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt H. Heidinger
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Rainer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Schmidbauer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Ulm
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Rubesova
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Imaging Bellaria, Bellariastrasse 3, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Noguchi S, Iwasaki H, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Ishida Y, Shinomiya S, Ono Uokawa R, Mazda Y. Fetal outcomes with and without the use of sugammadex in pregnant patients undergoing non-obstetric surgery: a multicenter retrospective study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 53:103620. [PMID: 36634449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of sugammadex exposure during pregnancy on progesterone withdrawal and miscarriage is unknown. We aimed to compare the fetal outcomes in pregnant patients who had undergone non-obstetric surgery with and without sugammadex. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of pregnant women who underwent non-obstetric surgery at three tertiary perinatal care centers in Japan from January 2013 to December 2020. The women were divided into those who received general anesthesia with sugammadex (GA with SGX) and those who received general anesthesia without sugammadex (GA without SGX). We compared miscarriages and preterm births within four weeks after surgery. RESULTS Among the 124 women, 73 and 51 were included in the GA with SGX and GA without SGX groups, respectively. The two groups showed no differences in the rate of miscarriages or preterm births (3.0 % vs 4.3 %; odds ratio 1.42, 95 % confidence interval 0.19 to 10.47; P = 1.00). The SGX and no SGX groups were missing outcomes for 8.2 % and 7.8 % of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Having GA with SGX or GA without SGX did not result in different rates of miscarriage or preterm birth within four weeks after the procedure. These findings do not exclude a potential association between sugammadex exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Missing data may have obscured possible adverse outcomes from sugammadex exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Noguchi
- Department of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - H Iwasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Shiko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan; Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan; Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ishida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - S Shinomiya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chibune General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Ono Uokawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chibune General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Mazda
- Department of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan.
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32
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Núñez-Murrieta MA, Coria-Avila GA, Martínez AJ, López-Meraz ML, Corona-Morales AA. Preterm rat survival is enhanced by gestational environmental enrichment. Behav Processes 2023; 205:104820. [PMID: 36646232 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, the estimated global human preterm birth rate was 10.6 %, with higher rates in Asia, South America, and Africa. Preterm individuals, even in adulthood, are more likely to develop cardiorespiratory, renal, and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, when experimental animals are housed in an enriched environment during gestation, the development of the progeny in utero is accelerated, compared to standard housing conditions. By terminating gestation one and a half days before parturition, we investigated whether environmental enrichment restricted to gestation may have an impact on progeny survival. Our results demonstrate that the gestational enriched environment tripled the rat´s offspring survival, which was associated with decreased expression of anxiety-like behaviors in the pregnant mother. Sex of the offspring was not a factor in determining survival. We discuss the effect of increased secretion of various trophic factors and hormones induced by the enriched environment on progeny survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Genaro A Coria-Avila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
| | - Armando J Martínez
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - María L López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
| | - Aleph A Corona-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genómica y Fisiológica, Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.
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33
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Poojari Y, Annapureddy PR, Vijayan S, Kalidoss VK, Mf Y, Pk S. A comparative study on third trimester fetal biometric parameters with maternal age. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14528. [PMID: 36694822 PMCID: PMC9867875 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced maternal age is an important parameter associated with increased risk of feto-maternal complications and it is an evolving trend in society for women planning for pregnancy in late ages. However there are no studies done whether advanced maternal age has its effects on expression of growth pattern in the fetus. So this study was done to compare the maternal age with the third trimester fetal biometric parameters. Methods This study was done in 100 antenatal women and divided into two groups: Group 1: optimal maternal age group between 21-29 years of age and Group 2: advanced maternal age 30 and above. The pre-pregnant maternal weight, gestational age and third trimester fetal biometrics using ultrasound are noted and compared between the groups. Results The maternal weight gain between the groups was optimal but the third trimester fetal parameters were significantly less in advanced maternal age. The abdominal circumference in optimal age group and head circumference in advanced maternal age group was closer to calculated estimated date of delivery (EDD) and would be specific in calculating the gestational age. Conclusions Though there is no significant difference in maternal weight gain, there are fetal growth restrictions in advanced maternal age group due to which the third trimester fetal parameters are lesser than the optimal age group. Head circumference would be specific in calculating the estimated date of delivery in advanced maternal age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogitha Poojari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sharmila Vijayan
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Kalidoss
- Dept of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yuvaraj Mf
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Sankaran Pk
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ferber SG, Geva R, Weller A. When the Mind Comes to Live Inside the Body: The Ontogeny of the Perceptual Control Clock. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:13-21. [PMID: 35410607 PMCID: PMC10193756 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411095508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we discuss the neurobiological processes underlying the early emergence of awareness that we term the "when" and "how" the mind comes to live inside the body. We describe an accumulative developmental process starting during embryonic life and continuing to fetal and postnatal development, of coupling of heart rate, body movements, and sleep states on the behavioral level with underlying mechanisms on the structural, functional, cellular, and molecular levels. A developmental perspective is proposed based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). This includes a developing sequence of modules starting from early sensing of neural intensities to early manifestation of human mindful capacities. We also address pharmacological treatments administered to preterm infants, which may interfere with this development, and highlight the need to consider this potential "side effect" of current pharmaceuticals when developing novel pharmacogenomic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Liu J, Sun W, Liu C, Na Q. Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Exosomes in Maternal-Fetal Disease: a Review. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:54-61. [PMID: 35157260 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The nutrients and other factors transported by umbilical cord blood, which is vital for fetal survival, play crucial roles in fetal development. There are various communication modes between the fetal-placental system and the maternal-placental system, and these communication modes are all mediated by umbilical cord blood. During the process of umbilical cord blood transportation, the changes of some nutrients and factors may play a key role in fetal development. Exosomes, which are members of the extracellular vesicle family, are present in the umbilical cord blood and play roles in information transmission as a result of their efficient cellular communication activity. The study of umbilical cord blood-derived exosomes provides a new approach for research on the etiology of maternal-fetal diseases and they may be useful for the development of intrauterine treatments. This review summarizes specific functions and research directions regarding umbilical cord blood-derived exosomes, and their potential associations with pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Quan Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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36
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Dooley N, Healy C, Brannigan R, Cotter D, Clarke M, Cannon M. Explaining the Association Between Fetal Growth and Childhood ADHD Symptoms: Cross-cohort Replication. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:247-259. [PMID: 36114937 PMCID: PMC9867674 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The association between restricted fetal growth and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood is well-replicated and robust. However, fetal growth is determined by many prenatal factors and associations with mental health may be confounded by familial and social context. In this study, we sought to quantify the relative contributions of prenatal factors and familial confounds to the association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms. Two independent cohorts were analyzed, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD; United States) and the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study. ADHD symptoms were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (ABCD) and the Strengths & Difficulties questionnaire (GUI) at age 9-10. Using sequential regression models, we assessed the change-in-association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms after controlling for sex, familial factors (socioeconomic/demographic factors & family psychiatric history) and prenatal factors (pregnancy complications & maternal substance-use during pregnancy). Converging findings from cohorts suggested that over a quarter of the association between fetal growth and ADHD symptoms is attributable to familial confounds. The degree to which the association was explained by prenatal factors differed by cohort-pregnancy complications explained a larger proportion of the effect in ABCD (7.9%) than GUI (2.7%), and maternal substance-use explained a larger proportion of the effect in GUI (22.7%) compared to ABCD (4.8%). Different explanations of the fetal growth-ADHD association across cohorts suggests cohort-specific, and potentially nationally-specific, risk factors for fetal growth and related neurodevelopmental outcomes. The evidence suggests early prevention of ADHD in Ireland should focus on minimizing maternal smoking during pregnancy. In the US, prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications are highlighted as viable targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross Brannigan
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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37
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Khalili Doroodzani A, Dobaradaran S, Zarei S, Raeisi A, Mahmoodi M, Rahmani E, Nabipour I, Saeedi R, Mahmudpour M, Akbarzadeh S, Keshtkar M. Maternal and fetal exposure to metal (loid)s, maternal nutrition status, and impact on prenatal growth in an energy rich zone and an urban area along the Persian Gulf. Environ Pollut 2022; 309:119779. [PMID: 35843455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main purposes of the study were to determine whether maternal and cord blood (MB and CB) levels of metal (loid)s (MLs) are different between industrial and urban areas. Subjects were derived from the petrochemical and gas area (PGA) of Asaluyeh County and the urban area (UA) of Bushehr County in Iran. Adjusted models revealed significant differences between the PGA and UA for maternal Fe, Cu, Mg, Cd, Zn, Ni, V and Pb levels, likewise cord Cu, V, Pb and Ni levels, which were higher in the PGA. Unadjusted models revealed there were decreases in neonatal weight and head circumference by 16.550 g and 0.059 cm, respectively for each Ln unit increase in maternal Cr levels. The mean blood levels of MLs significantly associated with food consumption frequency. The MLs were detected at higher levels in the body's fetuses and their mothers who resided in the PGA than those from the UA. So, the fetuses of mothers living in an industrial areas may be at higher risk from anthropometric measures. The impact of prenatal exposure to MLs on prenatal growth should be considered for better understanding in the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khalili Doroodzani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Sara Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elham Rahmani
- OB and GYN Ward, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmudpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Keshtkar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Freedman R, Hunter SK, Law AJ, Clark AM, Roberts A, Hoffman MC. Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and fetal brain development in the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res 2022; 247:16-25. [PMID: 33838984 PMCID: PMC8494861 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline, folic acid, and Vitamin D are essential for fetal brain development that may be the first steps in the pathogenesis of the psychotic spectrum. Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with changes in fetal brain development, manifest as early problems in childhood behavior, and cognition, and later as increased incidence of psychotic and autism spectrum disorders. Micronutrient supplements may not only prevent deficiency, but they may also positively affect brain development in the context of other maternal risk factors, including maternal infection, stress, inflammation, and substance abuse. Many genes associated with later psychotic illness are highly expressed in the fetal brain, where they are responsible for various neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Interaction of micronutrient vitamins with these genetically programmed mechanisms to prevent pathological brain development associated with later psychosis is under active investigation. In addition to their effects on brain development, micronutrient vitamins have effects on other aspects of gestation and fetal development, including the prevention of premature delivery and other developmental abnormalities. Supplemental micronutrient vitamins should be part of good prenatal care, as has already happened for folic acid and Vitamin D and is now advocated by the American Medical Association for choline. The benefits of these micronutrient supplements include protection of brain development and the possibility of decreased risk for future psychotic disorders in those children who are either genetically or environmentally vulnerable. The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of micronutrients in gestation and to suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sharon K Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amanda J Law
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alena M Clark
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Campus Box 93, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | | | - M Camille Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, Mail Stop F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Cao J, Chen Y, Wang H. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and biomarkers in fetal development. Toxicology 2022; 479:153316. [PMID: 36096318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that basal glucocorticoid levels in utero are essential for regulating fetal development and maturation, and determine the fate of later life. Recently, more and more studies suggest that adverse prenatal environments may cause abnormal maternal glucocorticoid levels in utero. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs) are widely distributed in the target organs of glucocorticoids (GCs) and mineralocorticoids. 11β-HSDs is involved in fetal physiological and pathological development by activating or inactivating GCs. Prenatal adverse environments (including exogenous and maternal environments) can affect the expression and activity of 11β-HSDs in the placenta and fetus via multiple pathways. It induces abnormal local glucocorticoid levels in fetal multiple tissues, fetal developmental programming and homeostasis changes, and the susceptibility to various diseases after birth. We also discuss the interventions of 11β-HSDs inhibitors on fetal developmental programming and susceptibility to multiple diseases. Finally, we propose that 11β-HSD2 can be used as a molecular target for fetal developmental toxicity, while 11β-HSD1 can be regarded as an intervention target to prevent fetal-originated diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention and treatment of fetal-originated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Minami M, J-P NA, Noguchi S, Eitoku M, Muchanga SMJ, Mitsuda N, Komori K, Yasumitsu-Lovell K, Maeda N, Fujieda M, Suganuma N. Gestational weight gain mediates the effects of energy intake on birth weight among singleton pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:568. [PMID: 35842582 PMCID: PMC9287949 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extra energy intake is commonly recommended for pregnant women to support fetal growth. However, relevant data regarding variations in energy intake and expenditure, body mass index and gestational weight gain (GWG) are frequently not considered. This study aimed to investigate how energy intake during pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with birth weight. Methods Early pregnant women were recruited into a Japanese nationwide prospective birth cohort study between 2011 and 2014. We analysed data of 89,817 mother-child pairs of live-born non-anomalous singletons after excluding births before 28 weeks or after 42 weeks. Energy intake during pregnancy was estimated from self-administered food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and was stratified into low, medium, and high. Participants completed the FFQ in mid-pregnancy (mean 27.9 weeks) by recalling food consumption at the beginning of pregnancy. Effects of energy intake on birth weight and mediation by GWG were estimated using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method; the method separates the impact of confounding in the comparison of conditional and unconditional parameter estimates in nonlinear probability models. Relative risks and risk differences for abnormal birth size were calculated. Results Mean daily energy intake, GWG, and birth weight were 1682.1 (533.6) kcal, 10.3 (4.0) kg, and 3032.3 (401.4) g, respectively. 6767 and 9010 women had small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age infants, respectively. Relative to low energy intake, moderate and high intakes increased adjusted birth weights by 13 g and 24 g, respectively: 58 and 69% of these effects, respectively, were mediated by GWG. Compared with the moderate energy intake group, the low energy intake group had seven more women per 1000 women with a small-for-gestational-age birth, whereas the high energy intake group had eight more women per 1000 women with a large-for-gestational-age birth. Conclusion GWG mediates the effect of energy intake on birth weight. All pregnant women should be given adequate nutritional guidance for optimal GWG and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Minami
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Naw Awn J-P
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noguchi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Naomi Mitsuda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kaori Komori
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kahoko Yasumitsu-Lovell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Nagamasa Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mikiya Fujieda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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Banchero G, López-Mazz C, Fierro S, Baldi F, Luzardo S, Quintans G. Refeeding ewes ad libitum after a moderate energy restriction during mid gestation did not affect the onset of breeding and ovulating rate of female offspring. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 244:107034. [PMID: 35872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sub-nutrition during pregnancy might affect the offspring´s reproductive performance through effects on the development and function of gonads. This study evaluated a maternal energy restriction in ewes from day 48-106 of gestation, on pre- and post-weaning female lambs` performance, onset of female lambs' breeding and ovulation rate during their first breeding season. Adult Polwarth ewes sired by Finnish rams bearing single or twin lambs were assigned to two dietary treatments from day 48 to day 106 of gestation: restricted (R; n = 60) at 60 % of their metabolizable energy (ME) requirements, or non-restricted (NR; n = 54) at 100 % of their ME requirements. After the restriction period, ewes grazed all together ad libitum until weaning. The ewe lambs were evaluated from birth to weaning, as well as during their first breeding season. Although NR ewes weighed 17.7 % more than R ewes (P < 0.05) at the end of the restriction period, the nutritional treatment of the dams had no effect on the weight of the ewe lambs at birth, weaning or final weight (P > 0.05). Fat depth, rib eye area, the percentage of ewe-lambs cycling and their ovulation rate during the first breeding season was not affected by the ewe´s dietary treatment. Ewes restricted at 60 % of their ME requirements in mid-gestation seemed to have the capacity to compensate any detrimental effects on growth and development as well as the reproductive potential of female lambs if adequate refeeding conditions are provided in late gestation, throughout lactation and post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgget Banchero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay.
| | - Carlos López-Mazz
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Fierro
- Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinaria, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Santiago Luzardo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Graciela Quintans
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50, km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
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42
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Ehichioya DE, Tahajjul Taufique SK, Anigbogu CN, Jaja SI. Effect of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation during pregnancy on glucocorticoid receptor regulation of HPA axis function in female offspring. Brain Res 2022; 1781:147823. [PMID: 35151654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Poor maternal sleep quality during the different phases of pregnancy acts as a prenatal stress and is critical for fetal development. Despite the potential adverse effects of maternal stress on the behavior and physiology of the offspring, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study investigates the effects of maternal sleep deprivation (SD) at different stages of pregnancy on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in female offspring. The pregnant rats were subjected to sleep deprivation of 12 h per day at different stages; early (ESD), mid (MSD), and late (LSD) stages, on pregnancy days 1-7, 8-14, and 14-20, respectively. At postnatal day 60, levels of corticosterone (CORT), hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1), and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were evaluated in the offspring. Although the hypothalamic CRF-R1 level was increased in the offspring of SD dams, immunohistochemical staining showed reduced immunoreactivity of GR in ESD and LSD offspring hippocampal area. Altogether, the data suggests that a critical period for adverse effects of SD on the HPA axis in female offspring of Wistar rats may be during early and late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ehichioya
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - S K Tahajjul Taufique
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chikodi N Anigbogu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Smith I Jaja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Alawadhi M, Mouihate A, Kilarkaje N, Al-Bader M. Progesterone partially recovers placental glucose transporters in dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 44:595-607. [PMID: 35232674 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How does progesterone improve fetal outcome and change the expression of placental glucose transporters (GLUT) in dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)? DESIGN A total of 64 rats were divided randomly into four different treatment groups based on daily i.p. injections of either saline or dexamethasone in the presence or absence of progesterone. Injections started on the 15th day of gestation (15dg) and lasted until the day of sacrifice at 19dg or 21dg. Maternal plasma progesterone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The gene and protein expression of placental GLUT1 and GLUT3 were evaluated in the placental labyrinth and basal zones by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The localization of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Dexamethasone induced significant decreases in maternal serum progesterone concentrations (P = 0.029) and placental (P < 0.001) and fetal body (P = 0.009) weights. Dexamethasone also reduced the expression of GLUT1 in the labyrinth zone (P = 0.028) and GLUT3 in both the labyrinth (P = 0.002) and basal zones (P = 0.026). Coadministration of dexamethasone and progesterone prevented the reduction in fetal body weight, placental weight and placental GLUT expression compared with that seen in dexamethasone-treated groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that progesterone prevents the significant reduction in fetal and placental weights in dexamethasone-induced IUGR, possibly through improving the expression of placental GLUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Alawadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait
| | - Maie Al-Bader
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Safat PO Box 13060, Kuwait.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this brief review, the authors focus on the effects of gestational exposures to urban air pollution on fetal development and neonatal outcomes. SOURCE OF DATA In this review the authors used PubMed, Web of Science and SciELO research platforms, analyzing papers from the last 30 years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Epidemiological and experimental evidence agree that gestational exposure to air pollution in urban increases the risks for low birth weight, preterm birth, congenital malformation, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal mortality. Furthermore, exposures are associated with increased risks for preeclampsia, hypertension, gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it is time for greater involvement and engagement of the health sector in the discussion of public policies that may affect the quality of the environment, and that directly or indirectly impact the health of those who were not yet born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veras
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dunia Waked
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dooley N, Ruigrok A, Holt R, Allison C, Tsompanidis A, Waldman J, Auyeung B, Lombardo MV, Baron-Cohen S. Is there an association between prenatal testosterone and autistic traits in adolescents? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 136:105623. [PMID: 34896742 PMCID: PMC8783053 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (pT) is a crucial component in physiological masculinization in humans. In line with the Prenatal Sex Steroid Theory of autism, some studies have found a positive correlation between pT and autistic traits in childhood. However, effects in adolescence have not been explored. Hormonal and environmental changes occurring during puberty may alter the strength or the nature of prenatal effects on autistic traits. The current study examines if pT relates to autistic traits in a non-clinical sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 97, 170 observations; age 13-21 years old). It also explores pT interactions with pubertal stage and timing. PT concentrations were measured from amniotic fluid extracted in the 2nd trimester of gestation via amniocentesis conducted for clinical purposes. Autistic traits were measured by self- and parent-reports on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) which provides a total score and 5 sub-scores (social skills, communication, imagination, attention switching and attention to detail). Self-reported pubertal stage was regressed on age to provide a measure of relative timing. We found no statistical evidence for a direct association between pT and autistic traits in this adolescent sample (males, females or full sample). Exploratory analyses suggested that pT correlated positively with autistic traits in adolescents with earlier puberty-onset, but statistical robustness of this finding was limited. Further exploratory post-hoc tests suggested the pT-by-pubertal timing interaction was stronger in males relative to females, in self-reported compared to parent-reported AQ and specifically for social traits. These findings require replication in larger samples. Findings have implications for understanding the effects of pT on human behavior, specifically existence of effects in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Amber Ruigrok
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie Allison
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jack Waldman
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK,Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Raja GL, Subhashree KD, Kantayya KE. In utero exposure to endocrine disruptors and developmental neurotoxicity: Implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. Environ Res 2022; 203:111829. [PMID: 34358505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of environmental toxicants that interfere with the endocrine system, resulting in developmental malformations, reproductive disorders, and alterations to immune and nervous system function. The emergence of screening studies identifying these chemicals in fetal developmental matrices such as maternal blood, placenta and amniotic fluid has steered research focus towards elucidation of in utero effects of exposure to these chemicals, as their capacity to cross the placenta and reach the fetus was established. The presence of EDCs, a majority of which are estrogen mimics, in the fetal environment during early development could potentially affect neurodevelopment, with implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. This review summarizes studies in animal models and human cohorts that aim to elucidate mechanisms of action of EDCs in the context of neurodevelopment and disease risk in adult life. This is a significant area of study as early brain development is heavily mediated by estrogen and could be particularly sensitive to EDC exposure. A network analysis presented using genes summarized in this review, further show a significant association with disorders such as major depressive disorder, alcoholic disorder, psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Functional outcomes such as alterations in memory, behaviour, cognition, learning memory, feeding behaviour and regulation of ion transport are also highlighted. Interactions between genes, receptors and signaling pathways like NMDA glutamate receptor activity, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor activity, Ras-activated Ca2+ influx and Grin2A interactions, provide further potential mechanisms of action of EDCs in mediating brain function. Taken together with the growing pool of human and animal studies, this review summarizes current status of EDC neurotoxicity research, limitations and future directions of study for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
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Morrison JL, Williams GK, Cho SKS, Saini BS, Meakin AS, Holman SL, Quinn M, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Darby JRT. MRI Characterization of Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery in the Fetal Sheep whilst Exposed to Sildenafil Citrate. Neonatology 2022; 119:735-744. [PMID: 36252551 DOI: 10.1159/000526972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newborns exposed to sildenafil citrate (SC) in utero have increased rates of persistent pulmonary hypertension. The mechanism behind this has not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to utilize a combination of clinically relevant MRI techniques to comprehensively characterize the haemodynamics of the fetal sheep whilst under the influence of SC. We hypothesized that these MRI techniques would detect SC-induced increases in pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery prior to birth. METHODS At 116-117 days gestational age (term, 150 days), pregnant Merino ewes (n = 9) underwent fetal catheterization surgery. MRI scans were performed during a basal state and then repeated during a constant umbilical vein infusion of SC to measure blood flow and oxygenation within the major vessels of the fetal circulation using phase-contrast-MRI and T2 oximetry. RESULTS Right and left ventricular cardiac outputs were not different between states. Pulmonary blood flow increased during the SC state resulting in elevated pulmonary oxygen delivery. Right to left heart shunting through the foramen ovale was reduced without reducing cerebral oxygen delivery. CONCLUSION SC induces alterations to pulmonary haemodynamics in utero; a characteristic that if maintained may underlie or act as a precursor towards the elevated rates of poor pulmonary outcomes after birth. These MRI techniques are the first to comprehensively characterize sildenafil's direct impact on the pulmonary vasculature and its indirect detriment to the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the foramen ovale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia K Williams
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Mike Seed
- University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Seidenari A, Carbone F, Cavoretto PI, Ferrazzi E, Pilu G, Farina A. Fetal Biometry: A Method for Comparing Local Curve Populations with Those from Major Reference Standards. Fetal Diagn Ther 2021; 48:757-764. [PMID: 34818227 DOI: 10.1159/000519058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to present a statistical method for assessing potential differences between fetal growth standard curves and local curve population. METHODS This was an observational repeated measures longitudinal study. We used a simulation model to generate random distribution of the international population from the IG-21st for fetal AC using the original equations of means and standard deviations (SD) obtained by the fractional polynomial method. A general linear model (GLM) allowed us to calculate new equations originating from simulated intergrowth-21st data (SIM_IG21st) and to compare them, by visual inspection of the estimated coefficients and their 95% CI, with the original published. We used further GLMs for evaluating the goodness of fitting of our local curve and comparing the relative equations of means and SD with those of SIM_IG21st. Finally, the impact of percentile differences between the 2 curves was quantified. RESULTS SIM_IG21st data yielded very similar coefficients than those of IG-21st reference to such an extent that means and SD and percentiles of interest were identical to the original. The comparison between SIM_IG21st curve and local curves showed a nonsignificant intercept and a slight difference of the 2 slopes (GA and GA3) for the equations of the mean. As a result, the local curve resulted in greater AC values. A difference in the intercept but not in the slopes (GA2, GA3, and GA3 * lnGA) was instead reported for the equations of the SD. In the percentile comparison, the local curve resulted in an overestimation of the 3rd and the 10th percentile that corresponded to the 4th and 12th percentiles of SIM_IG21st, respectively. CONCLUSION This statistical method allows sonographers to assess potential differences between standard curves and local curve population, enabling a more proper identification of abnormal growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seidenari
- Obstetric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy,
| | - Floriana Carbone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'L. Mangiagalli' Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ivo Cavoretto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'L. Mangiagalli' Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pilu
- Obstetric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Obstetric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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49
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McBride GM, Meakin AS, Soo JY, Darby JRT, Varcoe TJ, Bradshaw EL, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Berry MJ, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Intrauterine growth restriction alters the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit. Life Sci 2021; 285:120016. [PMID: 34614415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ten percent of pregnancies are affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and evidence suggests that affected neonates have reduced activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolising enzymes. Given that almost all pregnant individuals take medications and additional medications are often required during an IUGR pregnancy, we aimed to determine the impact of IUGR on hepatic CYP activity in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. METHODS Specific probes were used to determine the impact of IUGR on the activity of several CYP isoenzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A) in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. Probes were administered intravenously to the ewe at 132 days (d) gestation (term 150 d), followed by blood sampling from the maternal and fetal circulation over 24 h. Maternal and fetal liver tissue was collected at 139-140 d gestation, from which microsomes were isolated and incubated with probes. Metabolite and maternal plasma cortisol concentrations were measured using Liquid Chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Maternal plasma cortisol concentration and maternal hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A activity was significantly higher in IUGR pregnancies. Maternal hepatic CYP activity was higher than fetal hepatic CYP activity for all CYPs tested, and there was minimal CYP1A2 or CYP3A activity in the late gestation fetus when assessed using in vitro methods. CONCLUSIONS The physiological changes to the maternal-placental-fetal unit in an IUGR pregnancy have significant effects on maternal drug metabolism, suggesting changes in medications and/or doses may be required to optimise maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McBride
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mary J Berry
- University of Otago, Wellington, NZ 6242, New Zealand
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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50
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Liu F, Zhao W, Le HH, Cottrell JJ, Green MP, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR, Bell AW. Review: What have we learned about the effects of heat stress on the pig industry? Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 2:100349. [PMID: 34801425 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig production faces seasonal fluctuations. The low farrowing rate of sows mated in summer, increased carcass fatness of progeny born to the sows mated in summer, and slower growth rate of finisher pigs in summer are three economically important impacts identified in the pig industry. The purpose of this review is to examine advances over the past decade in understanding the mechanisms underlying the three impacts associated with summer conditions, particularly heat stress (HS), and to provide possible amelioration strategies. For impact 1, summer mating results in low farrowing rates mainly caused by the high frequency of early pregnancy disruptions. The contributions of semen DNA damage, poor oocyte quality, local progesterone concentrations, and suboptimal embryonic oestrogen secretion are discussed, as these all may contribute to HS-mediated effects around conception. Despite this, it is still unclear what the underlying mechanisms might be and thus, there is currently a lack of commercially viable solutions. For impact 2, there have been recent advances in the understanding of gestational HS on both the sow and foetus, with gestational HS implicated in decreased foetal muscle fibre number, a greater proportion of lighter piglets, and increased carcass fatness at slaughter. So far, no effective strategies have been developed to mitigate the impacts associated with gestational HS on foetuses. For impact 3, the slowed growth rate of pigs during summer is one reason for the reduced carcass weights in summer. Studies have shown that the reduction in growth rates may be due to more than reductions in feed intake alone, and the impaired intestinal barrier function and inflammatory response may also play a role. In addition, it is consistently reported that HS attenuates fat mobilisation which can potentially exacerbate carcass fatness when carcass weight is increased. Novel feed additives have exhibited the potential to reduce the impacts of HS on intestinal barrier function in grower pigs. Collectively, based on these three impacts, the economic loss associated with HS can be estimated. A review of these impacts is warranted to better align the future research directions with the needs of the pig industry. Ultimately, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and continuous investments in developing commercially viable strategies to combat HS will benefit the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Research and Innovation Unit, Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd, Corowa, NSW 2646, Australia.
| | - W Zhao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - H H Le
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M P Green
- Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A W Bell
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-4801, USA
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