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Liu H, Chen S, Liu X, Lou J. Effect of S-region mutations on HBsAg in HBsAg-negative HBV-infected patients. Virol J 2024; 21:92. [PMID: 38654327 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult HBV infection (OBI) is a special form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection that may cause Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, causing significant harm to patients. Given the insidious nature of OBI, it is usually not easy to be detected. Most of the samples currently studied are concentrated on blood donors, however, patients in this special state have not been fully studied. This project aimed to study the effect of HBV S region mutations on HBsAg in patients with clinical OBI. METHODS Collect 107 HBsAg-/HBV DNA + blood samples from Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2022 to April 2023. Next, the successfully extracted and amplified HBV DNA S regions were sequenced. Construct mutant plasmids to verify the cell function of the high-frequency mutation sites and explore the possible molecular mechanism. RESULTS Sixty-eight HBsAg-negative samples were sequenced, revealing high-frequency amino acid substitution sites in the HBV S protein, including immune escape mutations (i.e., sY100C、sK122R、sI126T、sT131P、and sS114T) and TMD (Transmembrane domain) region substitutions (i.e., sT5A、sG10D、sF20S、and sS3N). We constructed a portion of the mutant plasmids and found that sT5A, sF20S, sG10D, sS3N, sI68T, and sI126T single point mutations or combined mutations may decrease HBsAg expression or change the antigenicity of HBsAg leading to detection failure. CONCLUSIONS HBsAg-negative patients may show various mutations and amino acid replacement sites at high frequency in the HBV S-region, and these mutations may lead to undetectable Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAg antigenic changes or secretion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Lou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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Malden DE, Wong RJ, Chitnis AS, Im TM, Tartof SY. Screening Practices and Risk Factors for Co-Infection with Latent Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B Virus in an Integrated Healthcare System - California, 2008-2019. Am J Med 2024; 137:258-265.e3. [PMID: 38000687 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and latent tuberculosis infection are associated with a significant global burden, but both are underdiagnosed and undertreated. We described the screening patterns and risk factors for co-infection with latent tuberculosis and HBV within a large healthcare system. METHODS Using data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California during 2008-2019, we described HBV infections, defined as a positive HBV surface antigen, e-antigen, or DNA test, and latent tuberculosis, defined as a positive Mantoux tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay test. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for co-infection among screened adults with either infection. RESULTS Among 1997 HBV patients screened for latent tuberculosis, 23.1% were co-infected, and among 35,820 patients with latent tuberculosis screened for HBV, 1.3% were co-infected. Among HBV patients, co-infection risk was highest among Asians compared with White race/ethnicity (29.4% vs 5.7%, aOR 4.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.75-8.31), and persons born in a high-incidence country compared with low-incidence countries (31.0% vs 6.6%; aOR 4.19; 95% CI, 2.61-6.73). For patients with latent tuberculosis, risk of co-infection was higher among Asian (aOR 9.99; 95% CI, 5.79-17.20), or Black race/ethnicity (aOR 3.33; 95% CI, 1.78-6.23) compared with White race/ethnicity. Persons born in high-incidence countries had elevated risk of co-infection compared with persons born in low-incidence countries (aOR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.50). However, Asians or persons born in high-incidence countries were screened at similar rates to other ethnicities or persons born in low-incidence countries. CONCLUSIONS Latent tuberculosis risk is elevated among HBV patients, and vice versa. Risk of co-infection was highest among persons born in high-incidence countries and Asians. These findings support recent guidelines to increase HBV and tuberculosis screening, particularly among persons with either infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie E Malden
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, Calif.
| | - Robert J Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Gastroenterology Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Amit S Chitnis
- Tuberculosis Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Alameda County Public Health Department, San Leandro, Calif
| | - Theresa M Im
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, Calif
| | - Sara Y Tartof
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, Calif; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, Calif
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Fakheri Sueini V, Parsa Nahad M, Talaeizadeh A, Moradi M, Alborzi A, Pirmoradi R, Lak E, Makvandi M. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:547-553. [PMID: 38415541 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer represents a formidable peril to the female populace on a worldwide level. The association between breast cancer and various factors, including viral infections, has been extensively investigated. Recently, the link between HBV infection and breast cancer patients has garnered attention. The present research aims to assess the prevalence of HBV markers among women diagnosed with breast cancer in Ahvaz city, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum specimens were procured from 90 patients who had been clinically diagnosed with breast cancer. The age of the patients ranged from 29 to 80 years, with a mean age of 49.42±10.7. Histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed that 75 (83.33%) were ductal, 11 (8.88%) lobular, 2 (2.22%) mucinous, 1 (1.11%) medullary, and 1 (1.11%) was metastatic. The serum samples were subjected to initial HBsAg and anti-HBc testing via ELISA. Samples that tested seropositive (HBsAg + anti-HBc) were subsequently analyzed for the S region of HBV through nested PCR and DNA sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for positive HBV DNA tests. RESULTS Among the 5/90 (5.55%) cancer patients, it was found that 3 (3.33%) cases of ductal carcinoma and one (1.11%) lobular carcinoma displayed positivity for HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, HBV PCR). Notably, one (1.11%) patient with ductal carcinoma solely demonstrated anti-HBc positivity. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the S region revealed that all HBV strains identified were categorized as genotype D. CONCLUSION The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant findings (p= 0.315) in the distribution of cancer types across different age groups. Among patients diagnosed with breast cancer, a notable prevalence of 5.5% was observed in HBV markers. The dominant HBV genotype among breast cancer patients was identified as genotype D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Fakheri Sueini
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehdi Parsa Nahad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Talaeizadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Alborzi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Pirmoradi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elena Lak
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Tu Y, Li Y, Fan X, Gui Z, Dai J, Fang Q, Qiu T, Bai J, Liu Y. Combined impact of Hepatitis B virus and gestational diabetes mellitus on ultrasound-measured fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes: A seven-year retrospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111092. [PMID: 38219600 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of pregnancy with combined hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS All the pregnant women with HBV infection and/or GDM who delivered at Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University between January 2015, and September 2022 were included. A total of 1633 pregnant women were recruited in the final analysis, including 409 women with HBV infection and GDM, 396 with HBV infection only, 430 with GDM only, and 398 without HBV infection and GDM. Linear and logistic regression models were used to study the impact of pregnancy with combined HBV infection and GDM on fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcomes. RESULTS Pregnancy with combined HBV infection and GDM was associated with increased Z-scores on primary fetal ultrasound parameters and significantly increased the risk of fetal femur length overgrowth (OR: 2.88, 95 % CI: 1.13 ∼ 7.35), placental abruption (OR: 3.64, 95 % CI: 1.18 ∼ 11.22), and macrosomia (OR: 4.19, 95 % CI: 1.66 ∼ 10.56) compared to pregnancy without HBV infection and GDM. CONCLUSIONS Both maternal HBV infection and GDM are independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Their combination further increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Tu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yanting Li
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zaidi Gui
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiamiao Dai
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qingbo Fang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Tianlai Qiu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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He Z, Wang B, Wu X, Hu Z, Zhang C, Hao Y, Yang Y, Huang Y, Rao W, Wang J, Zhou J, Xia S, Ou X, Jia J, You H. Recompensation in treatment-naïve HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis: a 5-year multi-center observational study comparing patients with ascites and bleeding. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1368-1377. [PMID: 37775724 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recompensation between patients with ascites and bleeding was unknown in treatment-naïve HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS In this retrospective multi-center study, treatment-naïve HBV-related decompensated patients were enrolled at first decompensating event of ascites and/or variceal bleeding. Further complications and clinical characteristics were collected using standard case report form every 6 months to year-5 of antiviral treatment. Recompensation was defined as maintaining free of decompensation for one year and achieving liver function within Child-Pugh A and/or MELD < 10. RESULTS Totally, 170 (170/298, 57.0%) patients in ascites group of 298 (298/383, 77.8%) treatment-naïve decompensated patients and 33 (33/85, 38.8%) in bleeding group of 85 (85/383, 22.2%) patients, achieved recompensation. Ascites group had higher 5-year rate of recompensation than bleeding group (63.3% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.012), respectively. Patients achieving recompensation in ascites group maintained lower rate of second decompensation than these in bleeding group (at year-5: 26.7% vs. 43.3%, p = 0.032). Specifically, recompensated patients in ascites group had predominantly 5-year rate of further ascites (24.0%) and lower rate of further bleeding (6.0%), which differed from the pattern of these in bleeding group, with lower rate of further ascites (16.0%, p = 0.599) and significantly higher rate of further bleeding (33.9%, p < 0.001). Both patients had superior long-term prognosis (death/LT rate at year-5: 0.6% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.196). CONCLUSION Ascites patients could achieve higher rate of recompensation through antiviral therapy than bleeding patients. Recompensated patients in ascites group had better prognosis in terms of preventing further bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bingqiong Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhongjie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqin Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Liver Disease Department, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Medical School of South East University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Liver and Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Depatment of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Cavallone D, Ornos EDB, Ricco G, Oliveri F, Coco B, Colombatto P, De Rosa L, Dalmacio LMM, Bonino F, Brunetto MR. The Circulating miRNA Profile of Chronic Hepatitis D and B Patients Is Comparable but Differs from That of Individuals with HBeAg-Negative HBV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2257. [PMID: 38005933 PMCID: PMC10675264 DOI: 10.3390/v15112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs circulating in whole serum and HBsAg-particles are differentially expressed in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBeAg-negative-HBV infection (ENI); their profiles are unknown in chronic hepatitis D (CHD). Serum- and HBsAg-associated miRNAs were analyzed in 75 subjects of 3 well-characterized groups (CHB 25, CHD 25, ENI 25) using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Overall miRNA profiles were consonant in serum and HBsAg-particles but significantly different according to the presence of hepatitis independently of Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)-co-infection. Stringent (Bonferroni Correction < 0.001) differential expression analysis showed 39 miRNAs upregulated in CHB vs. ENI and 31 of them also in CHD vs. ENI. miRNA profiles were coincident in CHB and CHD with only miR-200a-3p upregulated in CHB. Three miRNAs (miR-625-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-223-3p) involved in immune response were upregulated in ENI. All 3 hepatocellular miRNAs of MiR-B-Index (miR-122-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-192-5p) were overexpressed in both CHB and CHD patients. In conclusion, CHD and CHB patients showed highly similar serum miRNA profiling that was significantly different from that of individuals with HBeAg-negative infection and without liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cavallone
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Eric David B. Ornos
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato (FIF), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ricco
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Oliveri
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Barbara Coco
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Piero Colombatto
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Leslie Michelle M. Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Pedro Gil Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | - Ferruccio Bonino
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizia Rossana Brunetto
- Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Viruses, Reference Centre of the Tuscany Region for Chronic Liver Disease and Cancer, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (E.D.B.O.); (G.R.); (F.O.); (B.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Ye Y, Fu Y, Lin C, Shen Y, Yu Q, Yao X, Huang Q, Liu C, Zeng Y, Chen T, Wu S, Xun Z, Ou Q. Oncostatin M Induces IFITM1 Expression to Inhibit Hepatitis B Virus Replication Via JAK-STAT Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:219-235. [PMID: 37879404 PMCID: PMC10760422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional cure is achieved by a limited number of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after nucleotide analogue(s) and interferon treatment. It is urgent to develop therapies that can help a larger proportion of patients achieve functional cure. The present study was designed to explore the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potency of interleukin-6 family cytokines and to characterize the underlying mechanisms of the cytokine displaying the highest anti-HBV potency. METHODS HBV-infected cells were used to screened the anti-HBV potency of interleukin-6 family cytokines. The concentration of oncostatin M (OSM) in patients with chronic HBV infection was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The underlying mechanism of OSM anti-HBV was explored through RNA-seq. C57BL/6 mice injected with rAAV8-1.3HBV were used to explore the suppression effect of OSM on HBV in vivo. RESULTS OSM is the most effective of the interleukin-6 family cytokines for suppression of HBV replication (percentage of average inhibition: hepatitis B surface antigen, 34.44%; hepatitis B e antigen, 32.52%; HBV DNA, 61.57%). Hepatitis B e antigen-positive CHB patients with high OSM levels had lower hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen than those with low levels. OSM activated JAK-STAT signaling pathway promoting the formation of STAT1-IRF9 transcription factor complex. Following this, OSM increased the expression of various genes with known functions in innate and adaptive immunity, which was higher expression in patients with CHB in immune clearance phase than in immune tolerance phase (data from GEO: GSE65359). Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1, one of the most differentially expressed genes, was identified as an HBV restriction factor involved in OSM-mediated anti-HBV effect. In vivo, we also found OSM significantly inhibited HBV replication and induced expression of antiviral effector interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that OSM remodels the immune response against HBV and exerts potent anti-HBV activity, supporting its further development as a potential therapy for treating CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songhang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Kan K, Wong DKH, Hui RWH, Seto WK, Yuen MF, Mak LY. Anti-HBc: a significant host predictor of spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients - a retrospective longitudinal study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37803352 PMCID: PMC10557289 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is associated with favourable clinical outcomes compared to those with persistent HBsAg seropositivity, and thus considered as a desired treatment endpoint. This current study explores the possibility of serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a potential predictive factor of HBsAg seroclearance. METHODS This is a retrospective study that analyzed the plasma samples of CHB patients using the LUMIPULSE® G1200 analyzer. The longitudinal anti-HBc level between patients who subsequently achieved HBsAg seroclearance (S-losers) and those with persistent HBsAg-positivity (controls) were compared at multiple time points before the event. RESULTS A total of 240 subjects (120 S-losers and 120 controls; age- and gender-matched) were included (mean age 56.42 ± 10.81, 65% male). Compared to controls, S-losers had significantly lower plasma anti-HBc levels prior to HBsAg seroclearance, with a significant trend of declining plasma anti-HBc 8-5 years prior to HBsAg seroclearance (p < 0.01), while such trend was not observed in controls. ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma anti-HBc at multiple time points before HBsAg seroclearance return AUC greater than 0.7. Plasma anti-HBc level at the cut-off value of 82.50 COI was 68.3% sensitive and 90% specific for HBsAg seroclearance within 1 year. Combining with quantitative HBsAg < 100 IU/mL, anti-HBc < 82.5 COI identified 88.2% patients who would develop HBsAg seroclearance within 1 year. CONCLUSION Plasma anti-HBc level began to decline 10 years prior to HBsAg seroclearance and can serve as a potential predictor for subsequent HBsAg seroclearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Ka-Ho Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rex Wan-Hin Hui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yip TCF, Wong VWS, Lai MSM, Lai JCT, Tse YK, Liang LY, Hui VWK, Chan HLY, Wong GLH. Diabetes Mellitus Impacts on the Performance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Scores in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2864-2875.e16. [PMID: 36828301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We examined whether changing clinical characteristics and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) impact the performance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk scores. METHODS Adult patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on ≥6 months of entecavir/tenofovir treatment between January 2005 and March 2020 were identified using a territory-wide electronic database in Hong Kong. DM was defined by antidiabetic agents, hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L, and/or diagnosis codes. PAGE-B, modified PAGE-B (mPAGE-B), and aMAP scores were assessed by area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and compared with CAMD and REAL-B scores with DM as a component. RESULTS Of 48,706 patients, 2792, 11,563, 15,471, and 18,880 started entecavir/tenofovir treatment between 2005-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2016, and 2017-2020, respectively; DM prevalence rose from 15.5% in 2005-2008 to 24.3% in 2017-2020. AUROCs were comparable across the 4 periods in the 5 HCC risk scores (AUROCs ranged between 0.75 and 0.81). At a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 1512 non-diabetic (4.0%) and 645 (6.2%) diabetic patients developed HCC. AUROCs of all 5 scores were lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients (AUROCs ranged between 0.67-0.71 vs 0.78-0.82; all P < .001). REAL-B score achieved an AUROC of 0.71 in diabetic and 0.82 in non-diabetic patients. Both diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the low-risk group by REAL-B score had a low HCC incidence below the threshold of cost-effective HCC surveillance, ie, 0.2% annually. CONCLUSIONS REAL-B score is accurate and preferred in entecavir/tenofovir-treated CHB patients because of the increasing prevalence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mandy Sze-Man Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jimmy Che-To Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yee-Kit Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lilian Yan Liang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vicki Wing-Ki Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
- Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Ayamolowo LB, Olorunfemi O, Irinoye OO, Afolabi AO. Perceived risk factors and preventive practices of Hepatitis B viral infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Sex Reprod Healthc 2023; 37:100896. [PMID: 37549467 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the perceived risk factors and prevention practices of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two purposefully selected primary health care centers in Ile-Ife. Women were included in the study using systematic sampling. A structured researcher-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square test and Logistic regression) statistical analysis were carried out. RESULTS More than half (53%) of the respondents had a low perceived risk for hepatitis. Majority (73.5%) had been screened for HBV during the index pregnancy but only 30% received complete doses of HBV vaccine. Respondents who underwent HBV screening during pregnancy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 0.94 - 4.5), who had completed Hepatitis B vaccination had reduced odds ratios for perceiving risk factors for Hepatitis B Viral Infection (OR = 0.224, 95% CI = 0.94 - 4.5). CONCLUSION Pregnant women had a low-risk perception of HBV infection. The low level of risk perception can serve as a basis for developing preventive interventions aimed at educating and empowering expectant mothers in order to prevent HBV infection and its transmission to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love B Ayamolowo
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Olawumi Olorunfemi
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Omolola O Irinoye
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Freyre FM, Aguiar JA, Cinza Z, Figueroa N, Diaz PA, Muzio VL, Lemos G, Freyre G, Coizeau E, Rodríguez C, Pentón E, Campos M, Santos IL, Mahtab MA, Akbar SMF, Guillen GE, Aguilar JC. Impact of the Route and Schedule of Immunization on the Serological and Virological Response of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with HeberNasvac. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2023; 13:73-78. [PMID: 38222949 PMCID: PMC10785140 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
HeberNasvac is a recently developed therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) administered by intranasal (IN) and subcutaneous (SC) routes in a 14 days/10 doses schedule. To compare different schedules and routes of immunizations, a group of patients received four different vaccination regimens in a placebo-controlled factorial study. Subsequently, patients were followed for a minimum time of 48 weeks. Samples collected at the end of the follow-up were compared with initial samples. Groups I and II received the product by IN/SC routes, every 14 and 7 days, respectively. Groups III and IV were treated by SC route alone following a 14 and 7 days schedule. A group of 21 CHB patients received the vaccine in four different schedules and eight patients received placebo for a total of 29 patients enrolled. The 61.9% of vaccinees reduced their VL ≥2Log compared with baseline levels and 25% in placebo group. The 47.6% of vaccines reduced HBV levels to undetectable, 25% in placebo. HBeAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBeAg was only achieved in vaccinees, 4 out of 9 (44.4%), and 40% (8 out of 20) developed anti-HBs response, none in placebo group. Reduction of HBsAg level in ≥1Log was achieved in the 35.0% of vaccinees and in none of the placebo-treated patients. Considering the individual and factorial analysis, significant HBV DNA reduction was detected in groups I and II, immunized by IN/SC routes. A significantly higher proportion of patients reducing VL to ≥2Log was also detected grouping the patients treated by IN/SC routes (G I + II) and grouping those inoculated every 14 days (G I + III), with 72.7% and 63.6%, respectively, compared with the placebo group (25.0%). The patients immunized every 14 days (G I + G III) also reduced the HBsAg levels compared with baseline. In conclusion, after more than 48 weeks of treatment-free follow-up, HeberNasvac-treated patients demonstrated superior responses compared with the placebo group in terms of antiviral and serological responses. The factorial analysis evidenced that the schedule combining the IN route of immunization and the frequency of 14 days resulted in the stronger antiviral and serological responses. Present results support the study of IN-only immunization schedules in future and was consistent with previous results. Long-lasting follow-ups were done to explore histological variables and the progression of serological variables in order to detect late responders. How to cite this article Freyre FM, Aguiar JA, Cinza Z, et al. Impact of the Route and Schedule of Immunization on the Serological and Virological Response of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with HeberNasvac. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):73-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Milagros Freyre
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge A Aguiar
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Zurina Cinza
- Direction of Clinical Trials, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nelvis Figueroa
- Direction of Clinical Trials, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Pablo Arsenio Diaz
- Direction of Clinical Trials, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Verena Lucila Muzio
- Direction of Clinical Trials, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Freyre
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Edelgis Coizeau
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Chabeli Rodríguez
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Pentón
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Magalys Campos
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iván Luis Santos
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan; Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerardo E Guillen
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio Cesar Aguilar
- Direction of Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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Seremba E, Wandera C, Ssekitoleko R, Nankya-Mutyoba J, Nyeko F, Amandua J, Ejalu D, Omale W, Ocama P. Antiviral use among hepatitis B infected patients in a low resource setting in Africa: a case study of West Nile, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:169-178. [PMID: 38223632 PMCID: PMC10782333 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Failure to access antiviral medications is a leading cause of hepatitis B (HBV)-associated morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite guideline availability, SSA is not on course to meet its elimination targets. We characterized factors associated with antiviral medication use and challenges to offering chronic care in a large Ugandan institution. We abstracted HBV care data. 2,175/2,209 (98.5%) had HBV-infection. Most participants were men [1,197 (55%)]; median (IQR) age 27 years (19-35); 388/1689 (23.0%) had cirrhosis by sonography and 141/2175 (6.5%) by the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score ≥2. Of the eligible, 20/141 (14.2%) with APRI score ≥2 and 24/388 (6.2%) with sonographic evidence of liver cirrhosis were not on antiviral medications. Overall, 1,106 (51%) were on medications though 65.8% had not been fully investigated. In multivariate analysis, age ≥35 years [OR (95% CI) = 1.52 (1.01-2.28), p=0.043], APRI ≥2 [OR (95% CI) =1.79 (1.482.16), p<0.001], hepatitis B viral load >2,000IU/mL [OR (95% CI) = 6.22 (5.08-7.62), p<0.001] were associated with antiviral medications use. Over half of participants in care had not been fully evaluated although on treatment and many eligible patients did not access medications. There is need to bridge these gaps for SSA to realise its HBV elimination goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Seremba
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
| | - Claude Wandera
- Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ponsiano Ocama
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
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Li M, Lv Y, Cui D, Xu Y, Lin M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen C, Xie J. Development and clinical validation of a one-step pentaplex real-time reverse transcription PCR assay for detection of hepatitis virus B, C, E, Treponema pallidum, and a human housekeeping gene. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37231355 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the safety of blood transfusion being a major public health concern, the development of a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Treponema pallidum(T. pallidum) in blood is crucial. METHODS Five primer pairs and probes were designed towards conserved regions of target genes and used to establish a one-step pentaplex real-time reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR) assay for simultaneous detection of HBV, HCV, HEV, T. pallidum, and RNase P(housekeeping gene), providing sample quality check. The clinical performance of the assay was further determined with 2400 blood samples from blood donors and patients in Zhejiang province, and compared the results with commercial singleplex qPCR and serological assays. RESULTS The 95% limit of detection(LOD) of HBV, HCV, HEV, and T. pallidum were 7.11 copies/µL, 7.65 copies/µL, 8.45 copies/µL, and 9.06 copies/µL, respectively. Moreover, the assay has good specificity and precision. Compared to the singleplex qPCR assay, the novel assay for detecting HBV, HCV, HEV, and T. pallidum presented 100% clinical sensitivity, specificity, and consistency. Several discrepant results between serological and pentaplex qRT-PCR assays were found. Of 2400 blood samples, there were 2(0.08%) HBsAg positive samples, 3(0.13%) anti-HCV positive samples, 29(1.21%) IgM anti-HEV positive samples and 6(0.25%) anti-T. pallidum positive samples proven negative in nucleic acid detection. 1(0.04%) HBV DNA positive sample and 1(0.04%) HEV RNA positive sample were detected negative by serological testing. CONCLUSIONS The developed pentaplex qRT-PCR is the first assay on simultaneous, sensitive, specific, and reproducible detection of HBV, HCV, HEV, T. pallidum, and RNase P in a single tube. It could detect pathogens in blood during the window period of infection and is a good tool for effectively screening blood donors and early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mengjiao Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | | | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province Blood Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Cuifen Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Huang D, Ke L, Cui H, Li S. Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic therapy for the unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and the benefit for hepatitis B virus etiology subgroup: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:474. [PMID: 37226111 PMCID: PMC10207853 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death, worldwide. The predominant causative factor for HCC is hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic therapy for the first-line treatment of the unresectable HCC and to evaluate the benefits of different geographic regions and etiology stratifications. METHODS Randomized clinical trials published up to 12th November 2022 were searched by online databases. Moreover, effects of hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted from included studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 3057 patients from five phase III randomized clinical trials were collected and reviewed for this meta-analysis. The pooled HR of OS (HR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.85) and PFS (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.53-0.77) demonstrated significantly better benefit in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combination group than targeted monotherapy to treat unresectable HCC. In addition, combination therapy showed better ORR and DCR, with ORs of 3.29 (95% CI: 1.92-5.62) and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.35-2.61), respectively. The subgroup analysis indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combination therapy was significantly superior to anti-angiogenic monotherapy for HBV-related HCC in terms of OS (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55-0.74) and PFS (HR = 0.53; 95% CI:0.47-0.59), while there was no significant difference in patients with HCV (OS, HR = 0.81, p = 0.1) or non-viral (OS, HR = 0.91, p = 0.37; PFS, HR = 0.77, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis revealed for the first-time that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combination therapy for unresectable HCC was associated with better clinical outcomes than anti-angiogenic monotherapy, especially for HBV infection and Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxue Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China.
| | - Liyuan Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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Sharma S, Rawal P, Kaur S, Puria R. Liver organoids as a primary human model to study HBV-mediated Hepatocellular carcinoma. A review. Exp Cell Res 2023; 428:113618. [PMID: 37142202 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is the prevailing cause of chronic liver disease, which progresses to Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 75% of cases. It represents a serious health concern being the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Treatments available to date fail to provide a complete cure with high chances of recurrence and related side effects. The lack of reliable, reproducible, and scalable in vitro modeling systems that could recapitulate the viral life cycle and represent virus-host interactions has hindered the development of effective treatments so far. The present review provides insights into the current in-vivo and in-vitro models used for studying HBV and their major limitations. We highlight the use of three-dimensional liver organoids as a novel and suitable platform for modeling HBV infection and HBV-mediated HCC. HBV organoids can be expanded, genetically altered, patient-derived, tested for drug discovery, and biobanked. This review also provides the general guidelines for culturing HBV organoids and highlights their several prospects for HBV drug discovery and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Preety Rawal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India.
| | - Rekha Puria
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India.
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E B, Ko K, Kim R, Nagashima S, Ouoba S, Hussain MRA, Sato T, Chuon C, Abe K, Sugiyama A, Takahashi K, Akita T, Tung R, Ork V, Hossain MS, Saphonn V, Tanaka J. Residual risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV despite timely Hepatitis B vaccination: a major challenge to eliminate hepatitis B infection in Cambodia. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:261. [PMID: 37101167 PMCID: PMC10131410 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In countries with intermediate or high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) represents the main route of chronic HBV infection. There is a paucity of information on HBV MTCT in Cambodia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women and its MTCT rate in Siem Reap, Cambodia. METHODS This longitudinal study included two parts, study-1 to screen HBsAg among pregnant women and study-2 to follow up babies of all HBsAg-positive and one-fourth of HBsAg-negative mothers at their delivery and six-month post-partum. Serum or dried blood spot (DBS) samples were collected to examine HBV sero-markers by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), and molecular analyses were performed on HBsAg-positive samples. Structured questionnaires and medical records were used to examine the risk factors for HBV infection. MTCT rate was calculated by HBsAg positivity of 6-month-old babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers and ascertained by the homology of HBV genomes in mother-child pair at 6-month-old. RESULTS A total of 1,565 pregnant women were screened, and HBsAg prevalence was 4.28% (67/1565). HBeAg positivity was 41.8% and was significantly associated with high viral load (p < 0.0001). Excluding subjects who dropped out due to restrictions during COVID-19, one out of 35 babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers tested positive for HBsAg at 6 months of age, despite receiving timely HepB birth dose and HBIG, followed by 3 doses of HepB vaccine. Hence the MTCT rate was 2.86%. The mother of the infected baby was positive for HBeAg and had a high HBV viral load (1.2 × 109 copies/mL). HBV genome analysis showed 100% homology between the mother and the child. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the intermediate endemicity of HBV infection among pregnant women in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Despite full HepB vaccination, a residual risk of HBV MTCT was observed. This finding supports the recently updated guidelines for the prevention of HBV MTCT in 2021, which integrated screening and antiviral prophylaxis for pregnant women at risk of HBV MTCT. Furthermore, we strongly recommend the urgent implementation of these guidelines nationwide to effectively combat HBV in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunthen E
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Payment Certification Agency (PCA), Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ko Ko
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Rattana Kim
- National Maternal and Child Health Center (NMCHC), Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Serge Ouoba
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro (URCN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Md Razeen Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sato
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Channarena Chuon
- Doctor Alliance of Union of Youth Federation of Cambodia (DAUYFC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kanon Abe
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | | | - Vichit Ork
- National Immunization Program (NIP), Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Md Shafiqul Hossain
- Expanded Program On Immunization, World Health Organization Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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He Z, Zhou J, Tian Y, Wu S, Sun Y, Ou X, Jia J, Wang B, Wu X, You H. Two-year free of complications during antiviral therapy predicts stable re-compensation in immediate-treatment HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:403-411. [PMID: 36227688 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Disease progression could be altered or even reversed in decompensated patients with HBV-related cirrhosis once they initiate antiviral therapy. However, little is known about the stable re-compensation in these patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, HBV-related liver cirrhosis patients were consecutively enrolled at the first decompensated event of ascites or variceal hemorrhage (VH), and divided into immediate-treatment, on-treatment and delayed/no treatment groups. Patients were followed up to at least presence of second decompensation event or to June 2021. Re-compensation was defined as patients who did not occur second (further) decompensation during follow-up. RESULTS A total of 130 HBV-related decompensated cirrhotic patients were included with a median follow-up of 61.0 (41.6, 72.0) months. The cumulative incidence of re-compensation at year 6 was 39.0, 9.8 and 6.6 in immediate-treatment, on-treatment and delayed/no treatment group (p = 0.001). Among 87 patients in immediate-treatment group, thirty-seven (37/87, 42.5%) were recognized as stable re-compensation. Seventy percent (35/50) of second decompensated events occurred in the first 2 years. In patients free of 2-year decompensated complications, about 71.2% (37/52) maintained stable re-compensation. The cumulative incidence of death (and/or transplantation) and HCC in patients free of 2-year decompensated complications or not was 2.9 vs. 27.3% (HR 9.4, 95% CI 2.2-40.0, p = 0.002) and 12.6 vs. 37.7% (HR 4.5, 95% CI 1.5-13.3, p = 0.006), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In decompensated patients with HBV-related cirrhosis, about 40% in immediate-treatment group maintained stable re-compensation during 6 years of antiviral therapy. Two-year free of complications could predict stable re-compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yameng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bingqiong Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Masuta Y, Minaga K, Watanabe T. Pitting Edema in a Patient With Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:e10-e12. [PMID: 36273634 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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Korucu B, Ulu S, Gungor O. Current Approach to Renal Transplantation Candidates and Potential Donors with Viral Hepatitis. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2023; 44:135-144. [PMID: 36987759 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplantation is the most beneficial treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing life expectancy and improving quality of life. A better understanding of organ and tissue functions, the development of surgical techniques, and new and effective immunosuppressive and antimicrobial drugs increase the success of transplantation. However, the number of renal transplantations from living and cadaveric donors is not at the desired frequency. Among the leading causes of the restrictions for transplantation are both the recipients' and donors' chronic diseases. While hepatitis B and C infections are a significant problem affecting the number and success of renal transplantations, the innovation of hepatitis C virus treatments has improved outcomes. Thus, the recipient and donor hepatitis B and C virus infections are no longer considered as relative contraindications for renal transplantation. This review discusses the management of patients and donors with hepatitis B and hepatitis C in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfu Korucu
- 1Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sena Ulu
- 2Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Gungor
- 3Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Yeh SH, Li CL, Lin YY, Ho MC, Wang YC, Tseng ST, Chen PJ. Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration Drives Carcinogenesis and Provides a New Biomarker for HBV-related HCC. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:921-929. [PMID: 36690297 PMCID: PMC9972564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration is an incidental event in the virus replication cycle and occurs in less than 1% of infected hepatocytes during viral infection. However, HBV DNA is present in the genome of approximately 90% of HBV-related HCCs and is the most common somatic mutation. Whole genome sequencing of liver tissues from chronic hepatitis B patients showed integration occurring at random positions in human chromosomes; however, in the genomes of HBV-related HCC patients, there are integration hotspots. Both the enrichment of the HBV-integration proportion in HCC and the emergence of integration hotspots suggested a strong positive selection of HBV-integrated hepatocytes to progress to HCC. The activation of HBV integration hotspot genes, such as telomerase (TERT) or histone methyltransferase (MLL4/KMT2B), resembles insertional mutagenesis by oncogenic animal retroviruses. These candidate oncogenic genes might shed new light on HBV-related HCC biology and become targets for new cancer therapies. Finally, the HBV integrations in individual HCC contain unique sequences at the junctions, such as virus-host chimera DNA (vh-DNA) presumably being a signature molecule for individual HCC. HBV integration may thus provide a new cell-free tumor DNA biomarker to monitor residual HCC after curative therapies or to track the development of de novo HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Hwei Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Li
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University College of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Pei-Jer Chen
- National Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Jang H, Yoon JS, Park SY, Lee HA, Jang MJ, Kim SU, Sinn DH, Seo YS, Kim HY, Kim SE, Jun DW, Yoon EL, Sohn JH, Ahn SB, Shim JJ, Jeong SW, Cho YK, Kim HS, Nam JY, Lee YB, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Zoulim F, Lampertico P, Dalekos GN, Idilman R, Sypsa V, Berg T, Buti M, Calleja JL, Goulis J, Manolakopoulos S, Janssen HLA, Papatheodoridis GV, Lee JH. Impact of HBeAg on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk During Oral Antiviral Treatment in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1343-1353.e16. [PMID: 34500103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Antiviral treatment from hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive status may attenuate the integration of hepatitis B virus DNA into the host genome causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the impact of HBeAg status at the onset of antiviral treatment on the risk of HCC. METHODS The incidence of HCC was evaluated in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B who started entecavir or tenofovir in either HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative phase. The results in the Korean cohort were validated in a Caucasian PAGE-B cohort. RESULTS A total of 9143 Korean patients (mean age, 49.2 years) were included: 49.1% were HBeAg-positive and 49.2% had cirrhosis. During follow-up (median, 5.1 years), 916 patients (10.0%) developed HCC. Baseline HBeAg positivity was not associated with the risk of HCC in the entire cohort or cirrhotic subcohort. However, in the non-cirrhotic subcohort, HBeAg positivity was independently associated with a lower risk of HCC in multivariable (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.66), propensity score-matching (aHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28-0.76), and inverse probability weighting analyses (aHR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.70). In the Caucasian cohort (n = 719; mean age, 51.8 years; HBeAg-positive, 20.3%; cirrhosis, 34.8%), HBeAg-positivity was not associated with the risk of HCC either in the entire cohort or cirrhotic subcohort. In the non-cirrhotic subcohort, none of the HBeAg-positive group developed HCC, although the difference failed to reach statistical significance (aHR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.00-1.67). CONCLUSIONS This multinational cohort study implies that HBeAg positivity at the onset of antiviral treatment seems to be an independent factor associated with a lower risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B without cirrhosis, but not in those with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoon Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Jang
- Medical Research Collaboration Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yeul Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U, Lyon University, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy; CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ramazan Idilman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Buti
- Hospital General Universitario Vall Hebron and Ciberehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - John Goulis
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Αristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Hippokratio", Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Hippokratio", Athens, Greece
| | - Harry LA Janssen
- Liver Clinic, Toronto Western and General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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OLADEINDE BANKOLEHENRY, OLANIYAN MATHEWFOLARANMI, MUHIBI MUSAABIDEMI, UWAIFO FERDINAND, RICHARD OMOREGIE, OMABE NWONUOKIKE, DAUD AMINAT, OZOLUA ONOSENPHEBEAN. Association between ABO and RH blood groups and Hepatitis B virus infection among young Nigerian adults. J Prev Med Hyg 2022; 63:E109-E114. [PMID: 35647381 PMCID: PMC9121686 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several diseases are reported to be associated with ABO/Rh blood groups. Data on the association between ABO and Rh D blood group antigens in the Nigerian population is sparse. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection as well as its association with ABO and Rh D antigens among young Nigerian adults. METHODS Whole blood was collected from 496 students and screened for the presence of HBsAg using an immuno-chromatographic technique. The ABO and Rh D antigen status of participants were also determined using standard techniques. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of HBV infection was 10/496 (2.10%). Of all factors assessed, only age of participants was identified as a risk factor (P < 0.05) for HBV seropositivity. Over half 257/496 (51.5%) of subjects were of the blood group O type, while 18/496 (3.6%) were of the AB blood type which was the least in occurrence. Rh D negative blood group was observed among 24/496 (4.8%) subjects. Those with the B blood type were observed to have an insignificantly (P > 0.05) higher prevalence of HBV infection. However, with respect to Rh D antigen alone, participants negative for the antigen were observed to have a five times higher risk of acquiring HBV infection than those positive for it (OR = 5.273, 95% CI = 1.056, 26.321, P > 0.05). Combining the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an association (OR = 20.174; P > 0.05) was found to exist between B Rh D negative status and HBV infection. CONCLUSION Possession of B antigen without Rh D antigen is associated with increased risk of acquiring HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- BANKOLE HENRY OLADEINDE
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: Bankole Henry Oladeinde - Tel: +2348053096120 - E-mail: -
| | - MATHEW FOLARANMI OLANIYAN
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - MUSA ABIDEMI MUHIBI
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - FERDINAND UWAIFO
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - OMOREGIE RICHARD
- Medical Microbiology Division, Medical Laboratory Services, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - NWONU OKIKE OMABE
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - AMINAT DAUD
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - ONOSEN PHEBEAN OZOLUA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
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23
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Kim HJ, Kim JH, Yeon JE, Seo YS, Jang JW, Cho YK, Jang BK, Han BH, Lee C, Lee JH, Yoon JH, Kim KM, Kim MY, Kim DY, Park NH, Cho EY, Lee JS, Lee JW, Kim IH, Song BC, Lee BS, Kwon OS. A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity and Safety of DA-2802 (Tenofovir Disoproxil Orotate) and Viread (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate) in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e92. [PMID: 35315603 PMCID: PMC8938614 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread®) had been used as a standard treatment option of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-2802 (tenofovir disoproxil orotate) compared to TDF. METHODS The present study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Patients with CHB were recruited from 25 hospitals in Korea and given DA-2802 at a dose of 319 mg once daily or Viread® at a dose of 300 mg once daily for 48 weeks from March 2017 to January 2019. Change in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level at week 48 after dosing compared to baseline was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary efficacy endpoints were proportions of subjects with undetectable HBV DNA, those with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and those with loss of hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), those with loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Adverse events (AEs) were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 122 patients (DA-2802 group: n = 61, Viread® group: n = 61) were used as full analysis set for efficacy analysis. Mean age, proportion of males, laboratory results and virologic characteristics were not different between the two groups. The change in HBV DNA level at week 48 from baseline was -5.13 ± 1.40 in the DA-2802 group and -4.97 ± 1.40 log10 copies/mL in the Viread® group. The analysis of primary endpoint using the nonparametric analysis of covariance showed statistically significant results (P < 0.001), which confirmed non-inferiority of DA-2802 to Viread® by a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1. The proportion of undetectable HBV DNA was 78.7% in the DA-2802 group and 75.4% in the Viread® group (P = 0.698). The proportion of subjects who had normal ALT levels was 75.4% in the DA-2802 group and 73.3% in the Viread® group (P = 0.795). The proportion of those with HBeAg loss was 8.1% in the DA-2802 group and 10.8% in the Viread® group (P = 1.000). No subject showed HBsAg loss. The frequency of AEs during treatment was similar between the two groups. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. CONCLUSION DA-2802 is considered an effective and safe treatment for patients with CHB. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02967939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Changhyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - June Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Oh Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Riebensahm C, Chitundu H, Muula G, Chihota B, Sinkala E, Sunkutu V, Maurer MH, Dufour JF, Berzigotti A, Egger M, Bolton-Moore C, Vinikoor M, Wandeler G. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma among adults with HIV/HBV co-infection in Zambia: a pilot study. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 116:391-396. [PMID: 34952210 PMCID: PMC9912380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An HCC screening initiative was piloted in an established cohort of individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at two outpatient clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound (AUS) and transient elastography. RESULTS Among 279 patients co-infected with HIV/HBV, 165 (59.1%) were men, median age was 34 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28-39 years] and median CD4 count was 246 cells/µL (IQR 112-355 cells/µL) at ART initiation. While 102 (55.7%) individuals had elevated transaminases, 114 (59.7%) had HBV levels >2000 IU/mL and 59 (24.6%) had significant fibrosis. At their first AUS measurement, 75 (26.9%) participants had hepatomegaly and 69 (24.7%) had periportal fibrosis. Five patients had a liver lesion >1 cm, an indication for confirmatory imaging. CONCLUSIONS In one of the first HCC screening initiatives in SSA, 2% of patients co-infected with HIV/HBV had significant liver lesions, and one-quarter had findings suggestive of schistosomiasis-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riebensahm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - H Chitundu
- Department of Radiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - G Muula
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Chihota
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Sinkala
- Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - V Sunkutu
- Department of Radiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M H Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J F Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Berzigotti
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - C Bolton-Moore
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Vinikoor
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G Wandeler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jia J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chen Z, Chen L, Zhou Q, Lv X, Wang Q. Hepcidin expression levels involve efficacy of pegylated interferon-α treatment in hepatitis B-infected liver. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108641. [PMID: 35217337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is the master iron regulator hormone produced by the liver. The association of serum hepcidin with pegylated interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection has been studied. However, the role of serum hepcidin level in predicting the effect of pegylated interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is yet to be elucidated. Our study aims to investigate the correlation between hepcidin expression levels and the curative effect of interferon-alpha therapy in patients with CHB. METHODS A total of 47 patients with CHB who accepted pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN- α) treatment were recruited. The serum level of hepcidin was estimated by ELISA. The alternation in the gene expression level of hepcidin was detected by RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence cell staining was performed to detect hepcidin peptide. The induction of antiviral proteins was analyzed by Western blotting. The predictive value of early on-treatment variation in serum hepcidin during treatment progress was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS High levels of early on-treatment serum hepcidin were observed in patients who achieved a decline in HBsAg > 1 log10 IU/mL or HBV DNA > 1 log10 IU/mL. In vitro, an elevation of the hepcidin expression in HepG2.2.15 cells induced by PEG-IFN-α treatment was noted. Furthermore, combined treatment with hepcidin and PEG-IFN-α increased the levels of antiviral proteins. The predictive cut-off value of hepcidin for HBsAg decline > 1 log10 IU/mL was 239 pg/mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.73% and 70.97%, respectively. The predictive cut-off value of hepcidin for the decline in HBV DNA > 1 log10 IU/mL was 190.4 pg/mL, and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.73% and 61.11%, respectively. Early-on treatment changes in the hepcidin level signified the predictive value of the PEG-IFN-α curative effect. CONCLUSIONS A higher early-on treatment hepcidin level indicates a higher possibility of HBsAg and HBV DNA decline in patients with CHB during PEG-IFN-α treatment. A high early-on treatment serum hepcidin level is significant in predicting the PEG-IFN-α therapeutic effect in patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhidong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Yao Y, Yang B, Chen Y, Huang D, Liu C, Sun H, Hu X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Pei R, Wen Z, Chen X. RNA-Binding motif protein 38 (RBM38) mediates HBV pgRNA packaging into the nucleocapsid. Antiviral Res 2022; 198:105249. [PMID: 35041910 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The binding of HBV polymerase (Pol) and the epsilon stem loop (ε) on the 5' terminal region of pgRNA is required for pgRNA packaging and HBV replication. Previous research has demonstrated that RNA binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) is involved in pgRNA packaging by mediating the interaction between HBV polymerase (Pol) and the ε element. Here, we demonstrate that RBM38 interacts with ε, pol, RBM24 and HBV core which mediate pgRNA packaging. RBM38 directly binds to the lower bulge of ε via RNA recognition submotifs (RNPs) and interacts with HBV Pol in an RNA-independent manner. RBM38 interacts with RBM24 and forms heterogeneous oligomers, which mediate Pol-ε binding and the formation of the Pol-RBM38/RBM24-ε complex. More important, RBM38 also binds to the HBV core via the C-terminal region (ARD domain), which facilitates the combination of Pol-ε with the HBV core protein. In conclusion, RBM38 facilitates the Pol-ε interaction and mediates Pol-ε in combining with the HBV core, triggering pgRNA packaging for reverse transcription and DNA synthesis. This study provides new insights into pgRNA encapsidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxuan Yao
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Canyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jizheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zhe Wen
- Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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27
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Mehmandoost S, Khezri M, Mousavian G, Tavakoli F, Mehrabi F, Sharifi H, Dolan K, Shokoohi M. Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among incarcerated people in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2022; 203:75-82. [PMID: 35032918 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incarcerated people are at higher risk for HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections. This review systematically summarized the evidence on the prevalence of these infections among incarcerated people in Iran. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo, Iranian databases, including IranMedex, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and IranDoc. A grey literature review was conducted to find unpublished reports from the Ministry of Health and experts throughout the country. Included studies reported data on the prevalence of HIV, HBV, or HCV infections. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence. A meta-regression analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Of 1461 screened records, 23 records were eligible (total participants = 199,855). The pooled prevalence of HIV (17 studies), HBV (6 studies), and HCV (10 studies) was 2.77% (95% CI: 1.96, 3.70), 2.89% (95% CI: 2.28, 3.56), and 21.57% (95% CI: 13.62, 30.76), respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed that HIV (P-value = 0.05) and HCV (P-value = 0.02) were reduced over time using survey year as the interested variable in the model. Also, lifetime history of drug injection had a significant association with the HIV infection (P-value = 0.03). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the prevalences of these infections are relatively considerable among Iranian incarcerated people. These findings support developing interventions to reduce the risk of the acquisition and circulation of these infections among incarcerated people, and continued harm reduction programs among most at-risk incarcerated people, as well as HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mehmandoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Khezri
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - G Mousavian
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Tavakoli
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F Mehrabi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - K Dolan
- Program of International Research and Training, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Shokoohi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Erken R, Zaaijer HL, Willemse SB, Bakker E, Takkenberg BB, Reesink HW, Kootstra NA. Hepatitis B core related antigen in relation to intrahepatic and circulating viral markers, before and after combination therapy. Ann Hepatol 2021; 26:100540. [PMID: 34583061 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA acts as a viral reservoir in the liver of patients with a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and can only be quantified in liver biopsies. Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) levels in plasma/serum have been proposed to reflect intrahepatic cccDNA-levels and may therefore monitor treatment efficacy. This study aimed to validate the relationship between HBcrAg and other intrahepatic and circulating viral markers in CHB patients with high viral load, before and after combination treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma/serum levels of HBcrAg, HBsAg, HBV-DNA, and HBV pregenomic RNA (HBV-pgRNA), and intrahepatic cccDNA and HBV-DNA levels and fibrosis scores were measured in 89 CHB patients with HBV-DNA levels of >100,000 copies/mL (17,182 IU/mL). Measurements were done before and after a 48-week treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and adefovir in a prospective study (ISRCTN77073364). RESULTS Baseline HBcrAg-values correlated strongly with intrahepatic cccDNA (ρ 0.77, p < 0.001), intrahepatic HBV-DNA (ρ 0.73, p < 0.001) and plasma/serum HBV-DNA (ρ 0.80, p < 0.001), HBV-pgRNA (ρ 0.80, p < 0.001), and to lesser extend HBsAg (ρ 0.56, p < 0.001). Baseline HBcrAg-levels could not predict functional cure (FC) but HBcrAg-levels declined more strongly in patients who developed FC or HBeAg-loss. Furthermore, most correlations persisted at the end of treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS HBcrAg reflects cccDNA transcription activity more accurately than HBsAg and may replace HBV-DNA as a marker during future treatment regimens, especially when cccDNA transcription is targeted or nucleot(s)ide analogues are included in the treatment regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Erken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism; Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie B Willemse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism.
| | - Ed Bakker
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Plesmanlaan 125, Amsterdam, the Netherlands..
| | - Bart B Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism.
| | - Henk W Reesink
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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29
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Khaimova R, Fischetti B, Cope R, Berkowitz L, Bakshi A. Serological response with Heplisav-B® in prior Hepatitis B vaccine non-responders living with HIV. Vaccine 2021; 39:6529-6534. [PMID: 34600748 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people living with HIV (PLWH) are at risk for contracting Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), they should be screened for HBV and vaccinated if not immune. Seroconversion rates in PLWH receiving traditional recombinant HBV vaccines (Engerix-B® and Recombivax-HB®) have historically been low with at most 70% achieving immunity. In 2017, a recombinant, adjuvanted HBV vaccine (Heplisav-B®) was approved for use in HIV-negative patients. Heplisav-B® has shown superior seroprotection in this population compared to Engerix-B® and Recombivax-HB®, as well as interim analysis showing higher seropositivity rates in patients undergoing dialysis. However, its efficacy in PLWH is currently unknown. This study evaluates the rate of seroconversion following Heplisav-B® administration in PLWH with previous HBV vaccination failure. METHODS Retrospective, cross-sectional study at The Brooklyn Hospital Center's HIV primary care clinic in Brooklyn, NY. HIV-positive adults who received at least two doses of Heplisav-B® and had previously failed to seroconvert after vaccination with Engerix-B® or Recombivax-HB® were included. The primary outcome is the percentage of PLWH who became seropositive following Heplisav-B®. RESULTS A total of 67 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five (37.3%) PLWH had failed at least 2 courses of recombinant vaccines. Fifty-eight (86.6%) PLWH became seropositive (Anti-HBs > 10 mIU/mL) at least two months after completing Heplisav-B®. For the 9 (13.4%) patients that did not develop immunity, 3 (33%) had a detectable HIV RNA and 3 (33%) had a CD4 count < 200 cells/uL3. CONCLUSIONS Heplisav-B® was highly effective in achieving immunity to HBV in PLWH who failed non-adjuvanted recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Khaimova
- Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Briann Fischetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Rebecca Cope
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Leonard Berkowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Anjali Bakshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
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30
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Makbul C, Kraft C, Grießmann M, Rasmussen T, Katzenberger K, Lappe M, Pfarr P, Stoffer C, Stöhr M, Wandinger AM, Böttcher B. Binding of a Pocket Factor to Hepatitis B Virus Capsids Changes the Rotamer Conformation of Phenylalanine 97. Viruses 2021; 13:2115. [PMID: 34834922 DOI: 10.3390/v13112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: During maturation of the Hepatitis B virus, a viral polymerase inside the capsid transcribes a pre-genomic RNA into a partly double stranded DNA-genome. This is followed by envelopment with surface proteins inserted into a membrane. Envelopment is hypothetically regulated by a structural signal that reports the maturation state of the genome. NMR data suggest that such a signal can be mimicked by the binding of the detergent Triton X 100 to hydrophobic pockets in the capsid spikes. (2) Methods: We have used electron cryo-microscopy and image processing to elucidate the structural changes that are concomitant with the binding of Triton X 100. (3) Results: Our maps show that Triton X 100 binds with its hydrophobic head group inside the pocket. The hydrophilic tail delineates the outside of the spike and is coordinated via Lys-96. The binding of Triton X 100 changes the rotamer conformation of Phe-97 in helix 4, which enables a π-stacking interaction with Trp-62 in helix 3. Similar changes occur in mutants with low secretion phenotypes (P5T and L60V) and in a mutant with a pre-mature secretion phenotype (F97L). (4) Conclusion: Binding of Triton X 100 is unlikely to mimic structural maturation because mutants with different secretion phenotypes show similar structural responses.
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de Souza AJS, Malheiros AP, Chagas AACD, Paiva VLGDS, Lauri LS, Scheffer KC, Mori E, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Pinho JRR, Sá LRMD. Orthohepadnavirus infection in a neotropical bat (Platyrrhinus lineatus). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 79:101713. [PMID: 34634750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype of the Orthohepadnavirus genus and represents an important cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatic cancer in humans worldwide. To verify the occurrence and genetic variability of orthohepadnavirus among neotropical bats, we tested 81 liver samples of New World bats from São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil, collected during 2012. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of Surface/Polymerase and Core viral genes confirmed the occurrence of the first isolate of bat orthohepadnavirus detected in South America. These results may contribute to subsequent studies of the origin, variability, host species, and evolution of bat orthohepadnaviruses in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior Souza de Souza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Vera Lisa Generosa da Silva Paiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liura Sanchez Lauri
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Enio Mori
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (LIM-07) and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (LIM-07) and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Meier MA, Calabrese D, Suslov A, Terracciano LM, Heim MH, Wieland S. Ubiquitous expression of HBsAg from integrated HBV DNA in patients with low viral load. J Hepatol 2021; 75:840-847. [PMID: 34004216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Loss of serum HBsAg is a hallmark of spontaneous and therapy induced resolution of HBV infection, since it generally reflects a profound decrease in viral replication. However, integrated HBV DNA can contribute to HBsAg expression independent of viral replication. The relative contributions of these sources of HBsAg are not well understood. Specifically, it is not known whether actively transcribed HBV integration could spread throughout the entire liver. METHODS The relative distribution of HBsAg and HBV RNA in liver biopsy tissue from HBeAg-negative (HBe-) patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH), respectively. Frozen biopsy tissue was used for molecular analysis of intrahepatic viral RNA, virus-host chimeric transcripts and viral DNA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and ISH analysis revealed HBsAg and HBV RNA positivity in virtually all hepatocytes in the liver of some HBe- patients despite very low viremia. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR and RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed high expression levels of HBV envelope-encoding RNAs. However, the amount of viral transcriptional template (covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA) was too low to support this ubiquitous HBV RNA expression. In contrast, levels of total cellular HBV DNA were consistent with ubiquitous HBV integration. Finally, RNA-sequencing revealed the presence of many HBV-host chimeric transcripts with the potential for HBsAg expression. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptionally active HBV integration can extend to the entire liver in some HBe- patients. This can lead to ubiquitous HBsAg expression independent of HBV replication. In such patients, HBsAg is probably not a clinically useful surrogate marker for viral resolution or functional cure. LAY SUMMARY Loss of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) indicates resolution of HBV infection. However, integrated HBV DNA can contribute to HBsAg production independently of viral replication. We investigated the extent of HBsAg-producing viral integration in the livers of patients with low serum viral loads. Our findings suggest that transcriptionally active HBV integration can extend to the entire liver in some patients, questioning the clinical utility of HBsAg as a surrogate marker for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Meier
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Suslov
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Wieland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland.
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Rattanasupar A, Chartleeraha S, Akarapatima K, Chang A. Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:3293-3298. [PMID: 34711006 PMCID: PMC8858241 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.10.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is beneficial for detecting early-stage HCC. The factors that influence adherence to HCC surveillance and late-stage detection have never been evaluated. We investigated the predictive factors that contribute to patients accessing regular HCC surveillance and their association with the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Hatyai Hospital (Songkhla, Thailand) between 2014 and 2016. HCC surveillance includes performing hepatic ultrasonography with/without serum alpha-fetoprotein 6–12 months before the detection of HCC. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately to examine the relationship between the variables and each endpoint. Results: One hundred ninety-nine HCC patients were enrolled in the study; most patients were of low socioeconomic status, 90.5% had less than a bachelor’s degree, and 69.3% of patients had a monthly income of <10,000 baths (US $312.50). Nearly all (93.5%) patients had cirrhosis, 39.7% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 24.6% had hepatitis C virus infection, and 24.6% had alcohol-related liver disease. The risk of HCC was recognized in 51.8% of patients, and regular HCC surveillance was achieved in 36.2% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a monthly income >10,000 baths (US $312.50) (odds ratio [OR], 4.566; p = 0.013), HBV infection (OR, 0.188; p = 0.001), and recognition of patients at risk of HCC (OR, 130.396; p<0.001) were independent predictive factors for adherence to HCC surveillance. Regular HCC surveillance (OR, 0.215; p = 0.003) and recognition of HBV infection (OR, 0.356; p = 0.040) were independent preventive factors for the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: In Thailand, awareness of patients at risk of developing HCC and the rate of regular HCC surveillance are low. Greater awareness will enable physicians to surveil and detect HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attapon Rattanasupar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Keerati Akarapatima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arunchai Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Mirzaei H, Ramazani A, Makvandi M, Neisi N, Hashemi SJ. Frequency of Hepatitis B Virus infection among Patients before Chemotherapy Treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:2939-2944. [PMID: 34582665 PMCID: PMC8850890 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.9.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important public health problem worldwide. Chronic HBV in patients undergoing chemotherapy and immunosuppressive treatment are at risk of HBV reactivation. The consequence of HBV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients may lead to liver failure and death. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of HBV markers in cancer patients before chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this study cross-sectional, blood samples were collected from 90 cancer patients before chemotherapy. The patient’s sera were tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HBVDNA was tested for patient’s sera using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR). Results: Among 90 patients, 42(46.7%) were males and 48 (53.3%) females, with a mean age of 52.52 ± 11.71 years (range, 25–83 years). Of the 6/90 (6.66%) patients, including 4/42 (9.5%) males and 2/48 (4.1%) females cases were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV DNA, (P=0.31). The frequency of HBV infection in cancer patients was rectal 3(3.33%), breast cancer 2 (2.22%) and prostate 1(1.11%) cases. The sera of 8/84 (9.52%) patients including 5/39 (12.82%) males and 3/45 (6.66%) females tested positive for anti-HBc, but negative for HBsAg and HBV DNA. (P=0.55). The results of phylogenetic tree revealed that four isolated HBV DNA in cancer patients were cluster with genotype D. Conclusions: High frequency of 6.66% HBV infection have been observed in cancer patients before chemotherapy. The sera of 9.52% patients were only positive for anti-HBc IgG which may indicate the past HBV infection or presence of OBI but requires further investigation. To prevent HBV or OBI reactivation, the screening of HBV DNA and anti HBc should be implemented for cancers patients before chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somaya Shokri
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mirzaei
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nilofar Neisi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sayed Jalal Hashemi
- Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of the Digestive System, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Fasola FA, Fowotade AA, Faneye AO. Assessment of hepatitis B surface antigen negative blood units for HBV DNA among replacement blood donors in a hospital based blood bank in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1141-1147. [PMID: 35222576 PMCID: PMC8843254 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the greatest threats to blood safety all over the world. The laboratory algorithm based on only the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) leaves a gap for infected HBsAg negative donors to donate blood during the “window period” (WP) and late stages of infection. Objective To estimate the frequency of the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in HBsAg negative blood units screened using two different assays for HBsAg in a high endemic region. Methods Frozen serum aliquot of 100 replacement blood donors who donated blood units that were HBsAg negative were retrieved and tested for HBV DNA. Sample positive for HBV DNA was sequenced by Sanger's method, genotyped and the viral load was determined. Results One sample (1%) was positive for HBV DNA. The HBV viral load of the sample was 768,000 IU/ml. The partial S-gene of the Hepatitis B virus isolated was genotype E using the NCBI viral genotyping tool. Conclusions There is still a risk of HBV infected blood unit escaping detection when donor testing is limited to HBsAg screening. The use of NAT which can substantially reduce HBV infected blood donors from the donor pool should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluke Atinuke Fasola
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeola A Fowotade
- Department of Medical microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo O Faneye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Lucifora J, Pastor F, Charles É, Pons C, Auclair H, Fusil F, Rivoire M, Cosset FL, Durantel D, Salvetti A. Evidence for long-term association of virion-delivered HBV core protein with cccDNA independently of viral protein production. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100330. [PMID: 34409278 PMCID: PMC8363821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims HBV persists in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes as a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) episome that constitutes the template for viral RNA and protein synthesis. Both HBx and HBc (core) viral proteins associate with cccDNA but, while HBx is required for viral transcription, the role of HBc is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if HBc derived from incoming nucleocapsid can associate with cccDNA before the onset of viral transcription and protein production. Methods Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed in native conditions. In addition, differentiated HepaRG (dHepaRG) cells infected with HBx-deficient HBV were used to investigate if HBc delivered by incoming virions can associate with cccDNA. Results Our results indicate that HBc can associate with cccDNA in the absence of viral transcription and de novo protein synthesis. In dHepaRG cells, this association is stable for at least 6 weeks. Conclusion These results suggest that virion-delivered HBc may participate at an early stage of cccDNA formation and/or transcription. Lay summary The hepatitis B virus genome is released into the nucleoplasm of infected cells after disassembly of the viral nucleocapsids at the nuclear membrane. Herein, we show for the first time that virion-delivered hepatitis B core protein, a component of the viral capsid, can stably associate with integrated viral DNA. The HBV episome (cccDNA) is formed in the nucleus following disassembly of incoming nucleocapsids. Native ChIP analysis indicates that virion-delivered HBc proteins can stably associate with cccDNA. Association of virion-delivered HBc does not require de novo viral protein synthesis. These results suggest that virion-delivered HBc may participate in cccDNA formation and/or transcriptional regulation.
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Key Words
- CAM
- ChIP
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FA, formaldehyde
- H3K27Ac, histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation
- HBVΔX, HBx-deficient HBV
- HBc
- HBc, HBV core protein
- Hepatitis B Virus
- HuHep, liver-humanized mice
- PHHs, primary human hepatocytes
- cccDNA
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- dHepaRG, differentiated HepaRG cells
- rcDNA, relaxed circular DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lucifora
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Past affiliation: INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Florentin Pastor
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Émilie Charles
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Pons
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Past affiliation: INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Héloïse Auclair
- Past affiliation: INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR_5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Fusil
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - David Durantel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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Segeral O, Phirum W, Khan O, Chea H, Sovann S, Nhoeung S, Chhim K, Yin S, Dim B, Yay C, Laurent D, Chhun S, Borand L. In-field Evaluation of SD Bioline HBsAg Whole Blood Rapid Test in Pregnant Women in Cambodia: the ANRS 12345 TA PROHM Study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115452. [PMID: 34243135 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to assess the in-field performance of HBsAg whole blood rapid diagnosis test (RDT) as compared to plasmatic HBsAg RDT to diagnose HBV infection among pregnant women in Cambodia. Blood was collected on EDTA tubes from pregnant woman screened for the TA PROHM - ANRS 12345 study. Whole blood HBsAg RDT results were crossed compared with the plasmatic HBsAg RDT results, which was defined for this study as the gold standard. From December 2018 to May 2019, 4997 pregnant women were screened. The median age was 27.2 years old, 14% were screened in Phnom Penh and 86% in Siem Reap. Whole blood HBsAg RDT perform excellently with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 98.7 - 100) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99.9 - 100). Whole blood HBs Ag RDT is as accurate as plasmatic one and could be used in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ousa Khan
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hyna Chea
- Laboratory Department, Jayavarman VII Hospital, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Saren Sovann
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovann Nhoeung
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kearena Chhim
- Department of Maternity, Hôpital Calmette, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Song Yin
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bunnet Dim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chantana Yay
- Direction Department, Jayavarman VII Hospital, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Denis Laurent
- Direction Department, Jayavarman VII Hospital, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | | | - Laurence Borand
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Yoon JH, Jun CH, Kim JH, Yoon EL, Kim BS, Song JE, Suk KT, Kim MY, Kang SH. Changing Trends in Liver Cirrhosis Etiology and Severity in Korea: the Increasing Impact of Alcohol. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e145. [PMID: 34060260 PMCID: PMC8167404 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis in South Korea. However, alcoholic liver disease has shown an increasing trend. Although the clinical implications surrounding liver cirrhosis have been changing over the years, few studies have recently examined cirrhosis epidemiology. Therefore, we aimed to investigate changes in liver cirrhosis etiology and severity in Korea. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 16,888 records of cirrhotic patients from six tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2008 to 2017. Continuous and non-continuous variables were processed via linear and Poisson regression, expressed as beta (B) coefficients and as exponentiated values of coefficients (Exp[B]), respectively. RESULTS Chronic hepatitis B showed a decreasing trend (Exp[B] = 0.975, P < 0.001), whereas alcohol showed an increasing trend (Exp[B] = 1.013, P = 0.003), occupying the most common etiology in 2017. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and decompensated liver cirrhosis prevalence did not change over the 10-year period. The incidence of variceal bleeding, severe ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis significantly decreased from 12.3% to 7.7%, 7.8% to 4.1%, 1.0% to 0.5%, and 1.9% to 1.1%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). In the subgroup analysis, the chronic hepatitis B group showed improving CTP scores (B = -0.025, P < 0.001) and decreasing decompensated liver cirrhosis rates (Exp[B] = 0.977, P = 0.016), whereas the alcohol group demonstrated increasing CTP class C (Exp[B] = 1.031, P = 0.005) and model for end-stage liver disease scores (B = 0.081, P = 0.005) over 10 years. CONCLUSION The chronic hepatitis B group exhibited improved results, whereas the alcohol group still presented poor liver functions and outcomes. Future national policies and systematic approaches addressing the incidence, prevention, and treatment of alcoholic liver cirrhosis are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Tian Q, Yang R, Wang Y, Liu J, Wee A, Saxena R, Wang L, Li M, Liu L, Shan S, Kong Y, Ma H, Ou X, You H, Zhao X, Jia J. A High Serum Level of Taurocholic Acid Is Correlated With the Severity and Resolution of Drug-induced Liver Injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:1009-1019.e11. [PMID: 32634627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alterations in the serum levels of bile acids are associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We investigated the association between serum levels of bile acids and the severity and outcome of DILI, along with the potential role of variants in the ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11) gene and expression of its product, ABCB11 (also called BSEP). METHODS We performed this prospective study of 95 patients (median age, 53 years; 73.7% female) with DILI from August 2018 through August 2019. Patients were matched for age, gender, and body mass index with healthy individuals (n = 100; healthy controls) and patients with chronic hepatitis B (n = 105; CHB controls). We collected demographic and biochemical data at baseline and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after DILI onset and at the time of biochemical recovery, liver failure or liver transplantation. Serum levels of bile acids were measured using high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. All 27 exons of ABCB11 were sequenced and expression of BSEP was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in liver biopsy specimens. RESULTS Levels of 30 of the 37 bile acids analyzed differed significantly between patients with DILI and healthy controls. Changes in levels of taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate associated with the increased levels of bilirubin and greater severity of DILI, and were also associated with CHB. Cox regression analysis showed that only change in the levels of TCA independently associated with biochemical resolution of DILI. Combination of TCA level (≥ 1955.41 nmol/L), patient age, and DILI severity was associated with abnormal blood biochemistry at 6 months after DILI onset (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.88; sensitivity, 0.69; specificity, 0.81). ABCB11 missense variants were not associated with differences in the serum bile acid profiles, DILI severity, or clinical resolution. However, lower levels of BSEP in bile canaliculi in liver biopsies were associated with altered serum levels of bile acids. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study performed in Chinese patients, we found that the serum levels of TCA were associated with the severity and clinical resolution of DILI. Reduced protein expression of BSEP in liver tissue, rather than variants of the ABCB11 gene were associated with altered serum levels of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Tian
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Shariati M, Vaezjalali M, Sadeghi M. Ultrasensitive and easily reproducible biosensor based on novel doped MoS 2 nanowires field-effect transistor in label-free approach for detection of hepatitis B virus in blood serum. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1156:338360. [PMID: 33781462 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive field-effect transistor (FET) for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) detection in label free approach and easily reproducible setup was reported. The fabricated FET biosensor was materialized by ZnO doped MoS2 nanowires (NWs). This report introduced a novel structure of the MoS2 in bio-sensing approach. Because of unique electrical and structural properties of MoS2, HBV biosensor could demonstrate the high sensitivity and showed the detection limit of 1 fM. The MoS2 NWs fabrication was materialized through ZnO based vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. The fabricated device could measure the DNA targets in a linear concentration range from 0.5 pM to 50 μM. The dynamic response time of FET biosensor was 25 s. The functionality of the NWs biosensor for label-free measurements could be repeated for several times without any significant malfunction and biosensor could retain 96% of its initial response after eight weeks maintenance. The HBV biosensor showed high selectivity by discrimination the complementary DNA oligonucleotides from non-complementary and the mismatch (1, 2 and 3 bases) oligonucleotides. The materialized platform was desirably reproduced for HBV concentrations in human serum. The specificity of the biosensor was evaluated against several different types of DNAs and the fabricated device showed the outstanding performance. In order to optimize the device functionality, the biosensor was checked for two different human samples and device could distinguish the samples from each other in the same manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shariati
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaezjalali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
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Rao S, Hossain T, Mahmoudi T. 3D human liver organoids: An in vitro platform to investigate HBV infection, replication and liver tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:35-44. [PMID: 33675983 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an estimated 400 million people infected worldwide. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying HBV replication and tumorigenesis have remained largely uncharacterized due to the lack of a primary cell model to study HBV, a virus that exhibits stringent host species and cell-type specificity. Organoid technology has recently emerged as a powerful tool to investigate human diseases in a primary 3D cell-culture system that maintains the organisation and functionality of the tissue of origin. In this review, we describe the utilisation of human liver organoid platforms to study HBV. We first present the different categories of liver organoids and their demonstrated ability to support the complete HBV replication cycle. We then discuss the potential applications of liver organoids in investigating HBV infection and replication, related tumorigenesis and novel HBV-directed therapies. Liver organoids can be genetically modified, patient-derived, expanded and biobanked, thereby serving as a clinically-relevant, human, primary cell-derived platform to investigate HBV. Finally, we provide insights into the future applications of this powerful technology in the context of HBV-infection and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, 9 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, 9 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, 9 Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Dowran R, Malekzadeh M, Nourollahi T, Sarkari B, Sarvari J. The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers among Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Adv Biomed Res 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33959564 PMCID: PMC8095257 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_173_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is based on the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Vaccination of newborns is the most effective means of prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of anti-HBs antibody (anti-HBsAb), anti-HB core Ab (anti-HBcAb), HBsAg, and HBV DNA among university students in Fars province, Southern Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 272 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were enrolled. Venous blood (5 mL) was collected from each participant and centrifuged; the sera were stored at -20°C until use. Anti-HBsAb, Anti-HBcAb, and HBsAg were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. HBV DNA load was also measured by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The mean age of the participants was 19 ± 1 years. There were 171 (62.9%) females and 101 (37.1%) males. Anti-HBsAb at a protective level (>10 mIU/mL) were detected in the sera of 104 (38.5%) of the cases. Of the anti-HBsAb seropositive participants, 82 were female and 22 were male; the difference between the gender and seropositivity to anti-HBsAb was statistically significant (P = 0.001, odds ratio: 3.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.89-5.79). Anti-HBcAb was detected in only one participant that was negative for both HBsAg and HBV DNA. Conclusion Findings of the current study show that more than half of the students do not have a protective level of anti-HBsAb and might be susceptible to HBV infection, indicating the necessity of checking the level of anti-HBsAb as well as a booster dose in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Dowran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyar Nourollahi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract
The paper aims to assess the association between Hepatitis B Virus infection and colorectal liver metastasis by conducting a meta-analysis. The relevant studies were searched until 24 July 2020, Studies that assessed the correlation between HBV infection and CRLM were recruited. A random effects model was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). All data analyses were performed by STATA 12.0 software. Ten studies involving 17529 participants were included in the study. The results shown that there was obvious association between HBV infection and CRLM (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.91). The study type and case–control rate may be the main causes of heterogeneity. In addition, HBV infection had no association with extrahepatic metastasis or prognosis of patients with CRLM. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the results were stable, and Egg’s test indicated that there was no publication bias. Patients with HBV infection have the reduced risk of CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingbin Deng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Lin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Dai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Shivlata L, Pacholi S, Chouksey VK, Barde PV. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus reveals circulation of multiple subgenotypes of genotype D with clinically important mutations in central India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:67-72. [PMID: 33515632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. The pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, disease progression and response to antiviral treatment of HBV depend on infecting genotypes and mutations across HBV genome. There is a lack of such information from central India. The present study was planned to identify genotype/subgenotype and epidemiologically important mutation in HBV circulating in the area. METHODS Samples positive for HBsAg by ELISA from 2012 to 2016 were included and analysed in this retrospective study. The amplification of partial S gene (n = 25) and full genome (n = 10) was carried out to determine the genotype/subgenotype and genome wide mutations of HBV. The sequencing data was analysed using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS All 25 sequences belonged to genotype D; subgenotypes D1, D2, D3 and D5 with dominance of D1 were detected in the study subjects. Mutational profiling revealed the presence of nucleotide substitutions in promoter/regulatory/precore region associated with liver disease progressions. The amino acid (aa) changes associated with vaccine escape, immune escape, antiviral resistance and progression to liver cirrhosis (LC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were detected. CONCLUSIONS This maiden molecular study on HBV from central India indicates that the genotype D with subgenotypes D1, D2, D3 and D5 harbouring mutations of clinical and epidemiological importance are in circulation. This study will serve as a baseline for future. Studies with larger sample size may aid in identifying the circulation of more genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shivlata
- Division of Virology and Zoonoses, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur, MP, India.
| | - Sanchita Pacholi
- Division of Virology and Zoonoses, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur, MP, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Chouksey
- Division of Virology and Zoonoses, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur, MP, India.
| | - Pradip V Barde
- Division of Virology and Zoonoses, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur, MP, India.
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Ijoma UN, Meka IA, Omotowo B, Nwagha TU, Obienu O, Onodugo OD, Onyekonwu CL, Okoli EV, Ndu AC, Ugwu EO. Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection: A cross-sectional study of a large population of health care workers in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:38-44. [PMID: 33473023 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_671_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been recognized globally as a major public health challenge necessitating a global call for increased awareness, patients' identification, and development of activities for prevention and control of the disease. Consequently, massive health education campaigns and screening exercises have been mounted globally to mark the World Hepatitis Day (WHD). Aims As part of WHD 2016 activities, we undertook a survey and screening of health care workers in order to raise awareness, identify patients and contribute to the Global Health Strategy goal of eliminating HBV infection by the year 2030. Method This was a cross-sectional analytical study done at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria. Hospital workers voluntarily presented themselves to be screened using a rapid test kit and completing a semi-structured investigator-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 3123 participants were studied. The mean age of the participants was 39.4 ± 9.6 years. The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 2.3%. Most (97.0%) of the participants had previously heard about HBV infection and over two thirds (68.1%) could correctly identify risk factors and modes of transmission of HBV. Twenty-eight and a half percent of the participants knew their hepatitis B virus status prior to the study. Conclusion The seroprevalence of HBV among healthcare workers in Enugu, Nigeria is relatively low compared to figures from other African countries. The healthcare workers have considerable knowledge of the disease. However, the observed knowledge gaps in awareness and screening need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U N Ijoma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - I A Meka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - B Omotowo
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - T U Nwagha
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - O Obienu
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O D Onodugo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - C L Onyekonwu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - E V Okoli
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A C Ndu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - E O Ugwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Zeng QL, Yu ZJ, Ji F, Li GM, Zhang GF, Xu JH, Chen ZM, Cui GL, Li W, Zhang DW, Li J, Lv J, Li ZQ, Liang HX, Sun CY, Pan YJ, Liu YM, Wang FS. Tenofovir Alafenamide to Prevent Perinatal Hepatitis B Transmission: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e3324-e3332. [PMID: 33395488 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few safety and effectiveness results have been published regarding the administration of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) during pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS In this multicenter prospective observational study, pregnant women with HBV DNA levels higher than 200,000 IU/ml who received TAF or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) from gestational weeks 24-35 to delivery were 1:1 enrolled and followed until postpartum month 6. Infants received immunoprophylaxis. The primary endpoint was the safety of mothers and infants. The secondary endpoint was the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive rate at 7 months for infants. RESULTS In total, 116 and 116 mothers were enrolled, and 117 and 116 infants were born, in the TAF and TDF groups, respectively. TAF was well tolerated during a mean treatment duration of 11.0 weeks. The most common maternal adverse event was nausea (19.0%). One (0.9%), 3 (2.6%), and 9 (7.8%) mothers had abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels at delivery and at postpartum months 3 and 6, respectively. The TDF group had safety profiles that were comparable to those of the TAF group. No infants had birth defects in either group. The infants' physical and neurological development at birth and at 7 months in the TAF group were comparable with those in the TDF group. The HBsAg positive rate was 0% at 7 months in all 233 infants. CONCLUSION Antiviral prophylaxis with TAF was determined to be generally safe for both mothers and infants and reduced the MTCT rate to 0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Fan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiang-Hai Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Anyang City, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Lin Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Min Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Mbamalu C, Ekejindu I, Enweani I, Kalu S, Igwe D, Akaeze G. Hepatitis B virus precore/core region mutations and genotypes among hepatitis B virus chronic carriers in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2021; 15:26-38. [PMID: 33708042 PMCID: PMC7934135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed at detecting the prevailing hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and the presence of clinically relevant mutations in the precore/core gene of the HBV DNA, among patients with chronic infection in South-eastern, Nigeria. METHODS A total of 72 participants with chronic HBV infection were enrolled into the study. Plasma samples from those with detectable HBV DNA were subjected to nested Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification using the precore/core specific primers. This resulted to the successful amplification and sequencing of the HBV precore/core region DNA from 16 participants. Mutation analysis on the precore/core region detected the presence of certain HBV precore/core gene mutations. Genotyping was carried out by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The precore region mutation at nucleotide position 1896, which is a G to A change resulting to a nonsense mutation, was detected in 6.25% of the participants. Other HBV precore region mutations that were detected include: G1899A, T1846A, G1862C, G1888A, T1821C, C1826T, A1827C, A1850T, C1858T, precore start codon Kozak sequence mutations and some novel core region mutations such as G/A1951T and G1957A. Genotyping revealed the existence of HBV genotype/subgenotype A1 (87.5%) and D (12.5%) among the participants. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of specific precore/core mutations among the HBV/hepatitis C virus dually infected and HBV mono-infected participants. CONCLUSION The data suggest the likelihood of a more severe outcome of hepatitis caused by HBV in South-eastern Nigeria due to the occurrence of a variety of precore/core mutation, which resulted to HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection among the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Mbamalu
- Medical Laboratory Services, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Address for correspondence: Chinenye Mbamalu, Medical Laboratory Services, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Telephone: +2348068993161. E-mail:
| | - Ifeoma Ekejindu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Enweani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Kalu
- Department of HIV Care, PCR Laboratory Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - David Igwe
- Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria,Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology/Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gloria Akaeze
- Department of HIV Care, PCR Laboratory Unit, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health issue but there are no powerful drugs to eradicate the virus. HBV markers including HBsAg, HBcrAg, HBV RNA, HBcAb, and HBV DNA are becoming promising biomarkers to reflect the natural phases of chronic HBV infection and predict the outcome of anti-HBV treatment. AREAS COVERED The authors summarized the biomarkers of HBV replication and presented the current advances of these biomarkers on predicting the outcome of anti-HBV treatment and identifying the progression of chronic HBV infection. EXPERT OPINION HBsAg, HBcrAg, HBV RNA, HBcAb, and HBV DNA are noninvasive and feasible biomarkers for monitoring the process of anti-HBV therapy and predicting the progress of HBV infection. However, there are still no strong biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for clinical application. Combination of two or more HBV biomarkers, new technique for measuring HBV cccDNA, and searching novel HBV biomarkers are essential for anti-HBV treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cai Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Kai Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China
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Jackson JM, Strowd LC, Peters TR. The Simulated Virology Clinic: A Standardized Patient Exercise for Preclinical Medical Students Supporting Basic and Clinical Science Integration. MedEdPORTAL 2020; 16:10957. [PMID: 32934980 PMCID: PMC7485908 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virology is inherently challenging due to the sheer volume of information medical students are responsible for learning. Cognitive integration of this content is critical for early medical students to practice applying this knowledge to diagnostic problem-solving. Simulation offers learners engaging opportunities to practice cognitive integration. We developed a simulated clinic activity for first-year medical students consisting of standardized patient (SP) encounters representing viral infections. METHODS Student small groups rotated through eight SP encounters during which they collected patient histories, reviewed physical exam findings, and developed a differential diagnosis and diagnostic plan for each case. The instructor debriefed students on the cases afterward. We assessed students' evaluation of the activity through online surveys. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-eight students participated in the simulated clinic in 2018 and 2019. Students rated the activity as very effective for learning about the infections represented and for providing opportunities to integrate clinical skills. Students agreed that the event's instructional design was appropriate for its objectives and that the problem-solving aspect was intellectually stimulating. They indicated that the most effective aspects were solidifying illness scripts for the infections represented, integrating knowledge and skills to diagnose patients in a realistic clinical context, and working collaboratively to problem-solve. DISCUSSION The simulated virology clinic is an effective method for providing students opportunities to integrate microbiology and clinical skills and has been positively received by students. This instructional method offers learners an opportunity to solidify illness scripts for viral infections using an interactive, collaborative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Jackson
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Clinical Skills Curriculum, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Virology Course, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Assistant Dean for Curricular Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Lindsay C. Strowd
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Director, Dermatology Thread, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Timothy R. Peters
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Associate Dean for Educational Strategy & Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Virology Course, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Lak R, Yaghobi R, Garshasbi M. Importance of miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p expression in patients with HBV infection. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:1-8. [PMID: 33040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a small RNA and post-transcriptional modulator are shown to have regulatory effects for different cellular activities and pathways, such as metabolism, virus replication and also cell growth. In addition, miRNAs can regulate the replication of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, the expression profile of miRNAs was evaluated in HBV infected patient groups and healthy controls. The expression levels of following microRNAs (as noninvasive biomarkers) were compared in two experimental (those with various stages of HBV infection) and control groups to evaluate their diagnosis ability: miR-122-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-210-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-372-5p, and miR-1-5p. RNA extraction was performed for 45 serum samples. The miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT-miRNA-PCR system and miRNA PCR panels were used for measuring microRNA expression profiles. To normalize quantitative values, the endogenous reference by UniSp6 expression was used.Serum miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p were significantly higher in patients in different stages of HBV infection (p<0.001) than in controls (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses suggested that serum miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p have significant diagnostic value for HBV infection. A significant difference was not found in terms of serum levels of other miRs (miR-199a-3p, miR-210-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-372-5p and miR-1-5p). Results suggest that miR-125a-5p and miR-122-5p can be used as possible noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring of HBV infection need to confirm in future completed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lak
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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