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Sugai T, Osakabe M, Uesugi N, Habano W, Yanagawa N, Suzuki H. Comprehensive Analyses of Somatic Copy Number Alterations and Mutations Based on the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23267. [PMID: 39258844 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying molecular alterations in the adenoma and carcinoma components within the same tumor would greatly contribute to understanding the neoplastic progression of early colorectal cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and mutations involved in the adenoma and carcinoma components obtained from the same tumor in 46 cases of microsatellite-stable carcinoma in adenoma, using a genome-wide SNP array and gene mutation panel. In addition, we also performed hierarchical clustering to determine the SCNA frequencies in the tumors, resulting in stratification of the samples into two subgroups according to SCNA frequency. Subgroup 1 was characterized by multiple SCNAs and carcinoma components exclusively, while Subgroup 2 was characterized by a low frequency of SCNAs and both the adenoma and carcinoma components. The numbers of total genes and genes with gains were higher in the carcinoma than adenoma components. The three most frequent gains in both components were located at 1p36.33-1q44, 2p25.3-2q37.3, and 3p26.3-3q29. However, no candidate genes mapped to these regions. APC and KRAS mutations were common in both components, whereas the frequency of TP53 mutations was statistically higher in the carcinoma than adenoma component. However, TP53 mutations were not correlated with SCNA frequency. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that considerable SCNAs and TP53 mutations are required for progression from adenoma to carcinoma within the same intramucosal neoplastic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Carrillo-Perez F, Cramer EM, Pizurica M, Andor N, Gevaert O. Towards Digital Quantification of Ploidy from Pan-Cancer Digital Pathology Slides using Deep Learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608555. [PMID: 39229200 PMCID: PMC11370345 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal DNA ploidy, found in numerous cancers, is increasingly being recognized as a contributor in driving chromosomal instability, genome evolution, and the heterogeneity that fuels cancer cell progression. Furthermore, it has been linked with poor prognosis of cancer patients. While next-generation sequencing can be used to approximate tumor ploidy, it has a high error rate for near-euploid states, a high cost and is time consuming, motivating alternative rapid quantification methods. We introduce PloiViT, a transformer-based model for tumor ploidy quantification that outperforms traditional machine learning models, enabling rapid and cost-effective quantification directly from pathology slides. We trained PloiViT on a dataset of fifteen cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and validated its performance in multiple independent cohorts. Additionally, we explored the impact of self-supervised feature extraction on performance. PloiViT, using self-supervised features, achieved the lowest prediction error in multiple independent cohorts, exhibiting better generalization capabilities. Our findings demonstrate that PloiViT predicts higher ploidy values in aggressive cancer groups and patients with specific mutations, validating PloiViT potential as complementary for ploidy assessment to next-generation sequencing data. To further promote its use, we release our models as a user-friendly inference application and a Python package for easy adoption and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carrillo-Perez
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Stanford, 94304, CA, USA
| | - Eric M Cramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, 97239, OR, USA
| | - Marija Pizurica
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Stanford, 94304, CA, USA
- Internet technology and Data science Lab (IDLab), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noemi Andor
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Stanford, 94304, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science (DBDS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305, CA, USA
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3
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Bastianello G, Kidiyoor GR, Lowndes C, Li Q, Bonnal R, Godwin J, Iannelli F, Drufuca L, Bason R, Orsenigo F, Parazzoli D, Pavani M, Cancila V, Piccolo S, Scita G, Ciliberto A, Tripodo C, Pagani M, Foiani M. Mechanical stress during confined migration causes aberrant mitoses and c-MYC amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404551121. [PMID: 38990945 PMCID: PMC11260125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404551121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Confined cell migration hampers genome integrity and activates the ATR and ATM mechano-transduction pathways. We investigated whether the mechanical stress generated by metastatic interstitial migration contributes to the enhanced chromosomal instability observed in metastatic tumor cells. We employed live cell imaging, micro-fluidic approaches, and scRNA-seq to follow the fate of tumor cells experiencing confined migration. We found that, despite functional ATR, ATM, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) pathways, tumor cells dividing across constriction frequently exhibited altered spindle pole organization, chromosome mis-segregations, micronuclei formation, chromosome fragility, high gene copy number variation, and transcriptional de-regulation and up-regulation of c-MYC oncogenic transcriptional signature via c-MYC locus amplifications. In vivo tumor settings showed that malignant cells populating metastatic foci or infiltrating the interstitial stroma gave rise to cells expressing high levels of c-MYC. Altogether, our data suggest that mechanical stress during metastatic migration contributes to override the checkpoint controls and boosts genotoxic and oncogenic events. Our findings may explain why cancer aneuploidy often does not correlate with mutations in SAC genes and why c-MYC amplification is strongly linked to metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastianello
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Gururaj Rao Kidiyoor
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Conor Lowndes
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Raoul Bonnal
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Godwin
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | | | - Ramona Bason
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Dario Parazzoli
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Mattia Pavani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua35123, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciliberto
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Centro Nazionale Ricerca, Pavia27100, Italy
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore117599, Singapore
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4
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Karbon G, Schuler F, Braun VZ, Eichin F, Haschka M, Drach M, Sotillo R, Geley S, Spierings DC, Tijhuis AE, Foijer F, Villunger A. Chronic spindle assembly checkpoint activation causes myelosuppression and gastrointestinal atrophy. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2743-2772. [PMID: 38806674 PMCID: PMC11169569 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Interference with microtubule dynamics in mitosis activates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to prevent chromosome segregation errors. The SAC induces mitotic arrest by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) via the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). The MCC component MAD2 neutralizes the critical APC cofactor, CDC20, preventing exit from mitosis. Extended mitotic arrest can promote mitochondrial apoptosis and caspase activation. However, the impact of mitotic cell death on tissue homeostasis in vivo is ill-defined. By conditional MAD2 overexpression, we observe that chronic SAC activation triggers bone marrow aplasia and intestinal atrophy in mice. While myelosuppression can be compensated for, gastrointestinal atrophy is detrimental. Remarkably, deletion of pro-apoptotic Bim/Bcl2l11 prevents gastrointestinal syndrome, while neither loss of Noxa/Pmaip or co-deletion of Bid and Puma/Bbc3 has such a protective effect, identifying BIM as rate-limiting apoptosis effector in mitotic cell death of the gastrointestinal epithelium. In contrast, only overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL2, but none of the BH3-only protein deficiencies mentioned above, can mitigate myelosuppression. Our findings highlight tissue and cell-type-specific survival dependencies in response to SAC perturbation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde Karbon
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Schuler
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Z Braun
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Eichin
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Haschka
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathias Drach
- Dermatology, General Hospital, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rocio Sotillo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Geley
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Ghosh D, Mondal M, Singha D, Malakar P. Characterization of polyploidy in cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131706. [PMID: 38643921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Various cancers frequently exhibit polyploidy, observed in a condition where a cell possesses more than two sets of chromosomes, which is considered a hallmark of the disease. The state of polyploidy often leads to aneuploidy, where cells possess an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Recent studies suggest that oncogenes contribute to aneuploidy. This finding significantly underscores its impact on cancer. Cancer cells exposed to certain chemotherapeutic drugs tend to exhibit an increased incidence of polyploidy. This occurrence is strongly associated with several challenges in cancer treatment, including metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and the recurrence of malignant tumors. Indeed, it poses a significant hurdle to achieve complete tumor eradication and effective cancer therapy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of polyploidy related to cancer for developing effective anti-cancer therapies. Polyploid cancer cells confer both advantages and disadvantages to tumor pathogenicity. This review delineates the diverse characteristics of polyploid cells, elucidates the pivotal role of polyploidy in cancer, and explores the advantages and disadvantages it imparts to cancer cells, along with the current approaches tried in lab settings to target polyploid cells. Additionally, it considers experimental strategies aimed at addressing the outstanding questions within the realm of polyploidy in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijonee Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Debopriya Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Meghna Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Didhiti Singha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India.
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6
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Lubachowski M, VanGenderen C, Valentine S, Belak Z, Davies GF, Arnason TG, Harkness TAA. Activation of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Restores Impaired Mitotic Progression and Chemosensitivity in Multiple Drug-Resistant Human Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1755. [PMID: 38730707 PMCID: PMC11083742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) cancer all too often signals the need for toxic alternative therapy or palliative care. Our recent in vivo and in vitro studies using canine MDR lymphoma cancer cells demonstrate that the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is impaired in MDR cells compared to normal canine control and drug-sensitive cancer cells. Here, we sought to establish whether this phenomena is a generalizable mechanism independent of species, malignancy type, or chemotherapy regime. To test the association of blunted APC activity with MDR cancer behavior, we used matched parental and MDR MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of human triple-negative breast cancer. We show that APC activating mechanisms, such as APC subunit 1 (APC1) phosphorylation and CDC27/CDC20 protein associations, are reduced in MCF7 MDR cells when compared to chemo-sensitive matched cell lines. Consistent with impaired APC function in MDR cells, APC substrate proteins failed to be effectively degraded. Similar to our previous observations in canine MDR lymphoma cells, chemical activation of the APC using Mad2 Inhibitor-1 (M2I-1) in MCF7 MDR cells enhanced APC substrate degradation and resensitized MDR cells in vitro to the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX). Using cell cycle arrest/release experiments, we show that mitosis is delayed in MDR cells with elevated substrate levels. When pretreated with M2I-1, MDR cells progress through mitosis at a faster rate that coincides with reduced levels of APC substrates. In our PDX model, mice growing a clinically MDR human triple-negative breast cancer tumor show significantly reduced tumor growth when treated with M2I-1, with evidence of increased DNA damage and apoptosis. Thus, our results strongly support the hypothesis that APC impairment is a driver of aggressive tumor development and that targeting the APC for activation has the potential for meaningful clinical benefits in treating recurrent cases of MDR malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lubachowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Sarah Valentine
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
| | - Zach Belak
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Gerald Floyd Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (C.V.); (S.V.); (T.G.A.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.L.); (Z.B.); (G.F.D.)
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- 320 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, 11207-87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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7
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Jose A, Roy R, Moreno-Andrés D, Stegmaier J. Automatic detection of cell-cycle stages using recurrent neural networks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297356. [PMID: 38466708 PMCID: PMC10927108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is the process by which eukaryotic cells divide to produce two similar daughter cells with identical genetic material. Research into the process of mitosis is therefore of critical importance both for the basic understanding of cell biology and for the clinical approach to manifold pathologies resulting from its malfunctioning, including cancer. In this paper, we propose an approach to study mitotic progression automatically using deep learning. We used neural networks to predict different mitosis stages. We extracted video sequences of cells undergoing division and trained a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to extract image features. The use of RNN enabled better extraction of features. The RNN-based approach gave better performance compared to classifier based feature extraction methods which do not use time information. Evaluation of precision, recall, and F-score indicates the superiority of the proposed model compared to the baseline. To study the loss in performance due to confusion between adjacent classes, we plotted the confusion matrix as well. In addition, we visualized the feature space to understand why RNNs are better at classifying the mitosis stages than other classifier models, which indicated the formation of strong clusters for the different classes, clearly confirming the advantage of the proposed RNN-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Jose
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rijo Roy
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegmaier
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Holl K, Chatain N, Krapp S, Baumeister J, Maié T, Schmitz S, Scheufen A, Brock N, Koschmieder S, Moreno-Andrés D. Calreticulin and JAK2V617F driver mutations induce distinct mitotic defects in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2810. [PMID: 38308077 PMCID: PMC10837458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) encompass a diverse group of hematologic disorders driven by mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. The prevailing working model explaining how these driver mutations induce different disease phenotypes is based on the decisive influence of the cellular microenvironment and the acquisition of additional mutations. Here, we report increased levels of chromatin segregation errors in hematopoietic cells stably expressing CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F mutations. Our investigations employing murine 32DMPL and human erythroleukemic TF-1MPL cells demonstrate a link between CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression and a compromised spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a phenomenon contributing to error-prone mitosis. This defective SAC is associated with imbalances in the recruitment of SAC factors to mitotic kinetochores upon CALRdel52 or JAK2V617F expression. We show that JAK2 mutant CD34 + MPN patient-derived cells exhibit reduced expression of the master mitotic regulators PLK1, aurora kinase B, and PP2A catalytic subunit. Furthermore, the expression profile of mitotic regulators in CD34 + patient-derived cells allows to faithfully distinguish patients from healthy controls, as well as to differentiate primary and secondary myelofibrosis from essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Altogether, our data suggest alterations in mitotic regulation as a potential driver in the pathogenesis in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Krapp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Scheufen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Brock
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Su Y, Lin H, Yu J, Mao L, Jin W, Liu T, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhang S, Geng Q, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Cui Y, Li J, Hou H, Zhou X, Li H. RIT1 regulates mitosis and promotes proliferation by interacting with SMC3 and PDS5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:326. [PMID: 38017479 PMCID: PMC10685607 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a small G protein of Ras family, Ras-like-without-CAAX-1 (RIT1) plays a critical role in various tumors. Our previous study has demonstrated the involvement of RIT1 in promoting malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted in the TCGA LIHC cohort to investigate the underlying biological mechanism of RIT1. Live cell imaging, immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry assays were used to verify biological function of RIT1 in HCC mitosis. Subcutaneous xenografting of human HCC cells in BALB/c nude mice was utilized to assess tumor proliferation in vivo. RNA-seq, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), mass spectrometry analyses, western blot and IF assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which RIT1 regulates mitosis and promotes proliferation in HCC. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that RIT1 plays a crucial role in regulating mitosis in HCC. Knockdown of RIT1 disrupts cell division, leading to G2/M phase arrest, mitotic catastrophe, and apoptosis in HCC cells. SMC3 is found to interact with RIT1 and knockdown of SMC3 attenuates the proliferative effects mediated by RIT1 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RIT1 protects and maintains SMC3 acetylation by binding to SMC3 and PDS5 during mitosis, thereby promoting rapid cell division and proliferation in HCC. Notably, we have observed an upregulation of SMC3 expression in HCC tissues, which is associated with poor patient survival and promotion of HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of RIT1, SMC3, and PDS5. Importantly, HCC patients with high expression of both RIT1 and SMC3 exhibit worse prognosis compared to those with high RIT1 but low SMC3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the crucial role of RIT1 in regulating mitosis in HCC and further demonstrate its potential as a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Saihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, 226200, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Pastor-Sierra K, Espitia-Pérez L, Espitia-Pérez P, Peñata-Taborda A, Brango H, Galeano-Páez C, Bru-Cordero OE, Palma-Parra M, Díaz SM, Trillos C, Briceño L, Idrovo ÁJ, Miranda-Pacheco J, Téllez E, Jiménez-Vidal L, Coneo-Pretelt A, Álvarez AH, Arteaga-Arroyo G, Ricardo-Caldera D, Salcedo-Arteaga S, Porras-Ramírez A, Varona-Uribe M. Micronuclei frequency and exposure to chemical mixtures in three Colombian mining populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165789. [PMID: 37499817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The Colombian mining industry has witnessed significant growth. Depending on the scale and mineral extracted, complex chemical mixtures are generated, impacting the health of occupationally exposed populations and communities near mining projects. Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important link between the development of certain diseases and exposure to complex mixtures. To better understand the effects of exposure to complex mixtures we performed a biomonitoring study on 407 healthy individuals from four areas: three located in municipalities exploiting different-scale mining systems and a reference area with no mining activity. Large, medium, and small-scale mining systems were analyzed in Montelibano (Córdoba), artisanal and small-scale mining (ASGM) in Nechí (Antioquia), and a closed mining system in Aranzazu (Caldas). The reference area with no mining activity was established in Montería (Córdoba). ICP-MS measured multi-elemental exposure in hair, and CIN was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique (MNBN). Exposure to mixtures of chemical elements was comparable in workers and residents of the mining areas but significantly higher compared to reference individuals. In Montelibano, increased MNBN frequencies were associated with combined exposure to Se, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Mg. This distinct pattern significantly differed from other areas. Specifically, in Nechí, Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, and Mg emerged as the primary contributors to elevated frequencies of MNBN. In contrast, a combination of Hg and Ni played a role in increasing MNBN in Aranzazu. Interestingly, Se consistently correlated with increased MNBN frequencies across all active mining areas. Chemical elements in Montelibano exhibit a broader range compared to other mining zones, reflecting the characteristics of the high-impact and large-scale mining in the area. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of exposure to chemical mixtures, underscoring the importance of employing this approach in the risk assessment of communities, especially those from residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pastor-Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia; Programa de doctorado en Salud Pública, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia.
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Ana Peñata-Taborda
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Claudia Galeano-Páez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | | | - Marien Palma-Parra
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia M Díaz
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Trillos
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Briceño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro J Idrovo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Juan Miranda-Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Eliana Téllez
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Jiménez-Vidal
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Andrés Coneo-Pretelt
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Alicia Humanez Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Gean Arteaga-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Dina Ricardo-Caldera
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Shirley Salcedo-Arteaga
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | | | - Marcela Varona-Uribe
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Towards prevention of aneuploidy-associated cellular senescence and aging: more questions than answers? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108474. [PMID: 37866738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss how aneuploidy contributes to the aging process, and to identify plausible strategies for its prevention. After an overview of mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and the major features of cellular senescence, we discuss the link between (i) aneuploidy and cellular senescence; (ii) aneuploidy and aging; and (iii) cellular senescence and aging. We also consider (i) interactions between aneuploidy, micronuclei, cellular senescence and aging, (ii) the potential of nutritional treatments to prevent aneuploidy-associated senescence and aging, and (iii) knowledge and technological gaps. Evidence for a causal link between aneuploidy, senescence and aging is emerging. In vitro, aneuploidy accompanies the entry into cellular senescence and can itself induce senescence. How aneuploidy contributes in vivo to cellular senescence is less clear. Several routes depending on aneuploidy and/or senescence converge towards chronic inflammation, the major driver of unhealthy aging. Aneuploidy can induce the pro-inflammatory Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), either directly or as a result of micronucleus (MN) induction leading to leakage of DNA into the cytoplasm and triggering of the cGAS-STING pathway of innate immune response. A major difficulty in understanding the impact of aneuploidy on senescence and aging in vivo, results from the heterogeneity of cellular senescence in different tissues at the cytological and molecular level. Due to this complexity, there is at the present time no biomarker or biomarker combination characteristic for all types of senescent cells. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the critical role aneuploidy plays in cellular senescence and aging is essential to devise practical strategies to protect human populations from aneuploidy-associated pathologies. We discuss emerging evidence, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that adequate amounts of specific micronutrients are essential for prevention of aneuploidy in humans and that precise nutritional intervention may be essential to help avoid the scourge of aneuploidy-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
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12
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Yurttas AG, Okat Z, Elgun T, Cifci KU, Sevim AM, Gul A. Genetic deviation associated with photodynamic therapy in HeLa cell. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103346. [PMID: 36809810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method that is used in cancer treatment. The main therapeutic effect is the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Phthalocyanines for PDT produce high singlet oxygen with absorbers of about 600-700 nm. AIM It is aimed to analyze cancer cell pathways by flow cytometry analysis and cancer-related genes with q-PCR device by applying phthalocyanine L1ZnPC, which we use as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, in HELA cell line. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of L1ZnPC's anti-cancer activity. MATERIAL METHOD The cytotoxic effects of L1ZnPC, a phthalocyanine obtained from our previous study, in HELA cells were evaluated and it was determined that it led to a high rate of death as a result. The result of photodynamic therapy was analyzed using q-PCR. From the data received at the conclusion of this investigation, gene expression values were calculated, and expression levels were assessed using the 2-∆∆Ct method to examine the relative changes in these values. Cell death pathways were interpreted with the FLOW cytometer device. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Test with Post-hoc Test were used for the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION In our study, it was observed that HELA cancer cells underwent apoptosis at a rate of 80% with drug application plus photodynamic therapy by flow cytometry method. According to q-PCR results, CT values of eight out of eighty-four genes were found to be significant and their association with cancer was evaluated. L1ZnPC is a new phthalocyanine used in this study and our findings should be supported by further studies. For this reason, different analyses are needed to be performed with this drug in different cancer cell lines. In conclusion, according to our results, this drug looks promising but still needs to be analyzed through new studies. It is necessary to examine in detail which signaling pathways they use and their mechanism of action. For this, additional experiments are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Gok Yurttas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Elgun
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ucar Cifci
- Division of Basic Sciences and Health, Hemp Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Turkey
| | - Altug Mert Sevim
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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TANG QINGLING, ATIQ WARDA, MAHNOOR SHAISTA, ABDEL-MAKSOUD MOSTAFAA, AUFY MOHAMMED, YAZ HAMID, ZHU JIANYU. Comprehensively analyzing the genetic alterations, and identifying key genes in ovarian cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 31:141-156. [PMID: 37304238 PMCID: PMC10207953 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Though significant improvements have been made in the treatment methods for ovarian cancer (OC), the prognosis for OC patients is still poor. Exploring hub genes associated with the development of OC and utilizing them as appropriate potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets is highly valuable. In this study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from an independent GSE69428 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset between OC and control samples. The DEGs were processed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING. Later, hub genes were identified through Cytohubba analysis of the Cytoscape. Expression and survival profiling of the hub genes were validated using GEPIA, OncoDB, and GENT2. For exploring promoter methylation levels and genetic alterations in hub genes, MEXPRESS and cBioPortal were utilized, respectively. Moreover, DAVID, HPA, TIMER, CancerSEA, ENCORI, DrugBank, and GSCAlite were used for gene enrichment analysis, subcellular localization analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, exploring correlations between hub genes and different diverse states, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory network analysis, predicting hub gene-associated drugs, and conducting drug sensitivity analysis, respectively. In total, 8947 DEGs were found between OC and normal samples in GSE69428. After STRING and Cytohubba analysis, 4 hub genes including TTK (TTK Protein Kinase), (BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B) BUB1B, (Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1) NUSAP1, and (ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein) ZWINT were selected as the hub genes. Further, it was validated that these 4 hub genes were significantly up-regulated in OC samples compared to normal controls, but overexpression of these genes was not associated with overall survival (OS). However, genetic alterations in those genes were found to be linked with OS and disease-free (DFS) survival. Moreover, this study also revealed some novel links between TTK, BUB1B, NUSAP1, and ZWINT overexpression and promoter methylation status, immune cell infiltration, miRNAs, gene enrichment terms, and various chemotherapeutic drugs. Four hub genes, including TTK, BUB1B, NUSAP1, and ZWINT, were revealed as tumor-promotive factors in OC, having the potential to be utilized as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- QINGLING TANG
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Songjiang District Jiuting Hospital, Shanghai, 20000, China
| | - WARDA ATIQ
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, 42000, Pakistan
| | - SHAISTA MAHNOOR
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, 42000, Pakistan
| | - MOSTAFA A. ABDEL-MAKSOUD
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - MOHAMMED AUFY
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1010, Austria
| | - HAMID YAZ
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - JIANYU ZHU
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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14
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Teh SSK, Halper-Stromberg E, Morsberger L, Bennett A, Bowland K, Skaist A, Cai F, Liang H, Hruban RH, Roberts NJ, Scharpf RB, Zou YS, Eshleman JR. Mechanism of delayed cell death following simultaneous CRISPR-Cas9 targeting in pancreatic cancers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535384. [PMID: 37066222 PMCID: PMC10103988 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
When we transduced pancreatic cancers with sgRNAs that targeted 2-16 target sites in the human genome, we found that increasing the number of CRISPR-Cas9 target sites produced greater cytotoxicity, with >99% growth inhibition observed by targeting only 12 sites. However, cell death was delayed by 2-3 weeks after sgRNA transduction, in contrast to the repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) that happened within 3 days after transduction. To explain this discrepancy, we used both cytogenetics and whole genome sequencing to interrogate the genome. We first detected chromatid and chromosome breaks, followed by radial formations, dicentric, ring chromosomes, and other chromosomal aberrations that peaked at 14 days after transduction. Structural variants (SVs) were detected at sites that were directly targeted by CRISPR-Cas9, including SVs generated from two sites that were targeted, but the vast majority of SVs (89.4%) were detected elsewhere in the genome that arose later than those directly targeted. Cells also underwent polyploidization that peaked at day 10 as detected by XY FISH assay, and ultimately died via apoptosis. Overall, we found that the simultaneous DSBs induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in pancreatic cancers caused chromosomal instability and polyploidization that ultimately led to delayed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Shiqing K. Teh
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eitan Halper-Stromberg
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Morsberger
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Bennett
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Bowland
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyza Skaist
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fidel Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B. Scharpf
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying S. Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R. Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Jandoubi M, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Targeting Proliferation Signals and the Cell Cycle Machinery in Acute Leukemias: Novel Molecules on the Horizon. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031224. [PMID: 36770891 PMCID: PMC9920029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferative signals and cell cycle dysregulation due to genomic or functional alterations are important drivers of the expansion of undifferentiated blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Therefore, they are largely studied as potential therapeutic targets in the field. We here present the most recent advancements in the evaluation of novel compounds targeting cell cycle proteins or oncogenic mechanisms, including those showing an antiproliferative effect in acute leukemia, independently of the identification of a specific target. Several new kinase inhibitors have been synthesized that showed effectiveness in a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range as inhibitors of FLT3 and its mutant forms, a highly attractive therapeutic target due to its driver role in a significant fraction of AML cases. Moreover, we introduce novel molecules functioning as microtubule-depolymerizing or P53-restoring agents, G-quadruplex-stabilizing molecules and CDK2, CHK1, PI3Kδ, STAT5, BRD4 and BRPF1 inhibitors. We here discuss their mechanisms of action, including the downstream intracellular changes induced by in vitro treatment, hematopoietic toxicity, in vivo bio-availability and efficacy in murine xenograft models. The promising activity profile demonstrated by some of these candidates deserves further development towards clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per Scienza ONLUS, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Mouna Jandoubi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
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16
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Prime SS, Cirillo N, Parkinson EK. Escape from Cellular Senescence Is Associated with Chromosomal Instability in Oral Pre-Malignancy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010103. [PMID: 36671795 PMCID: PMC9855962 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An escape from cellular senescence through the development of unlimited growth potential is one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is thought to be an early event in carcinogenesis. In this review, we propose that the molecular effectors of senescence, particularly the inactivation of TP53 and CDKN2A, together with telomere attrition and telomerase activation, all lead to aneuploidy in the keratinocytes from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Premalignant keratinocytes, therefore, not only become immortal but also develop genotypic and phenotypic cellular diversity. As a result of these changes, certain clonal cell populations likely gain the capacity to invade the underlying connective tissue. We review the clinical implications of these changes and highlight a new PCR-based assay to identify aneuploid cell in fluids such as saliva, a technique that is extremely sensitive and could facilitate the regular monitoring of OPMD without the need for surgical biopsies and may avoid potential biopsy sampling errors. We also draw attention to recent studies designed to eliminate aneuploid tumour cell populations that, potentially, is a new therapeutic approach to prevent malignant transformations in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Prime
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (E.K.P.)
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanson Street, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - E. Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (E.K.P.)
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Moreno-Andrés D, Holl K, Antonin W. The second half of mitosis and its implications in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:1-17. [PMID: 36436712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes during cell division. With the entry into mitosis, in human cells the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes rearrange into rod-like structures which are collected and segregated by the spindle apparatus. While these processes in the first half of mitosis have been intensively studied, much less is known about the second half of mitosis, when a functional nucleus reforms in each of the emerging cells. Here we review our current understanding of mitotic exit and nuclear reformation with spotlights on the links to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Lou Y, Ye M, Xu C, Tao F. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of USP44, a potential tumor target (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:455. [PMID: 36380875 PMCID: PMC9650596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 44 (USP44) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family and its functions in various biological processes have been gradually elucidated in recent years. USP44 targets multiple downstream factors and regulates multiple mechanisms through its deubiquitination activity. Ubiquitination is, in essence, a process in which a single ubiquitin molecule or a multiubiquitin chain binds to a substrate protein to form an isopeptide bond. Deubiquitination is the catalyzing of the isopeptide bonds between ubiquitin and substrate proteins through deubiquitylating enzymes. These two processes serve an important role in the regulation of the expression, conformation, localization and function of substrate proteins by regulating their binding to ubiquitin. Based on existing research, this paper summarized the current state of knowledge about USP44. The physiological roles of USP44 in various cellular events and its pathophysiological roles in different cancer types are evaluated and the therapeutic potential of USP44 for cancer treatment is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Ye
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Chaoyang Xu, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Professor Feng Tao, Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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19
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Chen OJ, Castellsagué E, Moustafa-Kamal M, Nadaf J, Rivera B, Fahiminiya S, Wang Y, Gamache I, Pacifico C, Jiang L, Carrot-Zhang J, Witkowski L, Berghuis AM, Schönberger S, Schneider D, Hillmer M, Bens S, Siebert R, Stewart CJR, Zhang Z, Chao WCH, Greenwood CMT, Barford D, Tischkowitz M, Majewski J, Foulkes WD, Teodoro JG. Germline Missense Variants in CDC20 Result in Aberrant Mitotic Progression and Familial Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3499-3515. [PMID: 35913887 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CDC20 is a coactivator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and is essential for mitotic progression. APC/CCDC20 is inhibited by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which prevents premature separation of sister chromatids and aneuploidy in daughter cells. Although overexpression of CDC20 is common in many cancers, oncogenic mutations have never been identified in humans. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified heterozygous missense CDC20 variants (L151R and N331K) that segregate with ovarian germ cell tumors in two families. Functional characterization showed these mutants retain APC/C activation activity but have impaired binding to BUBR1, a component of the SAC. Expression of L151R and N331K variants promoted mitotic slippage in HeLa cells and primary skin fibroblasts derived from carriers. Generation of mice carrying the N331K variant using CRISPR-Cas9 showed that, although homozygous N331K mice were nonviable, heterozygotes displayed accelerated oncogenicity of Myc-driven cancers. These findings highlight an unappreciated role for CDC20 variants as tumor-promoting genes. SIGNIFICANCE Two germline CDC20 missense variants that segregate with cancer in two families compromise the spindle assembly checkpoint and lead to aberrant mitotic progression, which could predispose cells to transformation. See related commentary by Villarroya-Beltri and Malumbres, p. 3432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J Chen
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ester Castellsagué
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics and Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Moustafa-Kamal
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Javad Nadaf
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Somayyeh Fahiminiya
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yilin Wang
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gamache
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caterina Pacifico
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lai Jiang
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics and Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics III, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Dortmund Municipal Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Morten Hillmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Colin J R Stewart
- Department of Histopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, and School for Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ziguo Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - William C H Chao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Barford
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics and Cancer Axis, Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jose G Teodoro
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Khademi NS, Farivar S, Bazrgar M, Hassani SN, Masoudi NS, Haghparast N, Rezaei Larijani M. Aneuploidy Rate and Stemness in Low-Level Mosaic Human Embryonic Stem Cells in the Presence/Absence of Bortezomib, Paclitaxel, and Lapatinib. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 213:17-23. [PMID: 35901725 DOI: 10.1159/000526199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are predisposed to aneuploidy through continual passages. Some reports indicate more sensitivity of aneuploid hESCs cells to anticancer drugs. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of three anticancer drugs (including bortezomib, paclitaxel, and lapatinib) and their effect on aneuploidy rate in hESCs. To create a low-level mosaic cell line, normal hESCs (80%) and trisomic hESCs for chromosomes 12 and 17 (20%) were mixed. The effect of the 3 mentioned anticancer drugs on the chromosomal status was assessed by metaphase spread analysis after selection of the nontoxic conditions. Expression of pluripotency genes was analyzed, and an alkaline phosphatase test was performed to assess pluripotency preservation. Our data showed that treatment with bortezomib, paclitaxel, and lapatinib was nontoxic at 0.01, 0.01, and 0.2 μM concentrations, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase and pluripotency gene expression analyses revealed maintenance of pluripotency following treatment with above-noted nontoxic concentrations. Aneuploid cells were dominant in treated and control groups with a minimum abundance of 70%, with no significant differences between groups. Drug treatments had no negative effect on pluripotency. Insensitivity of aneuploid cells in treatment groups could be related to the specific characteristics of each cell line in response to the drug and the proliferative superiority of cells with trisomies 12 and 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Sadat Khademi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Bazrgar
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sadat Masoudi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Newsha Haghparast
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Rezaei Larijani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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22
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Osadska M, Selicky T, Kretova M, Jurcik J, Sivakova B, Cipakova I, Cipak L. The Interplay of Cohesin and RNA Processing Factors: The Impact of Their Alterations on Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3939. [PMID: 35409298 PMCID: PMC8999970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays important roles in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA replication, chromatin organization, gene expression, transcription regulation, and the recombination or repair of DNA damage. Recently, several studies suggested that the functions of cohesin rely not only on cohesin-related protein-protein interactions, their post-translational modifications or specific DNA modifications, but that some RNA processing factors also play an important role in the regulation of cohesin functions. Therefore, the mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits or alterations in the interactions between cohesin and RNA processing factors have been shown to have an impact on cohesion, the fidelity of chromosome segregation and, ultimately, on genome stability. In this review, we provide an overview of the cohesin complex and its role in chromosome segregation, highlight the causes and consequences of mutations and changes in the expression of cohesin subunits, and discuss the RNA processing factors that participate in the regulation of the processes involved in chromosome segregation. Overall, an understanding of the molecular determinants of the interplay between cohesin and RNA processing factors might help us to better understand the molecular mechanisms ensuring the integrity of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Osadska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Tomas Selicky
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Miroslava Kretova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Jurcik
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Sivakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ingrid Cipakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lubos Cipak
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.O.); (T.S.); (M.K.); (J.J.)
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23
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Druzhinin VG, Baranova ED, Volobaev VP, Ivanov VI, Larionov AV, Minina VI, Smagulova F, Legoff L, Titov VA, Fucic A. The Length of Telomeres and the Baseline Level of Cytogenetic Damage in Leukocytes of Lung Cancer Patients. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Pilling A, Kim S, Hwang C. Androgen receptor negatively regulates mitotic checkpoint signaling to induce docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:182-192. [PMID: 34672379 PMCID: PMC9298324 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite multiple treatment advances for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there are currently no curative therapies and patients ultimately to succumb to the disease. Docetaxel (DTX) is the standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic CRPC; however, drug resistance is inevitable and often develops rapidly, leading to disease progression in nearly all patients. In contrast, when DTX is deployed with androgen deprivation therapy in castration-sensitive disease, more durable responses and improved outcomes are observed, suggesting that aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling accelerates DTX resistance in CRPC. In this study, we demonstrate that AR dysregulates the mitotic checkpoint, a critical pathway involved in the anticancer action of DTX. METHODS Androgen-dependent and independent cell lines were used to evaluate the role of AR in DTX resistance. Impact of drug treatment on cell viability, survival, and cell-cycle distribution were determined by plate-based viability assay, clonogenic assay, and cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry, respectively. Mitotic checkpoint kinase signal transduction and apoptosis activation was evaluated by Western blotting. Pathway gene expression analysis was evaluated by RT-PCR. A Bliss independence model was used to calculate synergy scores for drug combination studies. RESULTS Activation of AR in hormone-sensitive cells induces a rescue phenotype by increasing cell viability and survival and attenuating G2/M arrest in response to DTX. Analysis of mitotic checkpoint signaling shows that AR negatively regulates spindle checkpoint signaling, resulting in premature mitotic progression and evasion of apoptosis. This phenotype is characteristic of mitotic slippage and is also observed in CRPC cell lines where we demonstrate involvement of AR splice variant AR-v7 in dysregulation of checkpoint signaling. Our findings suggest that DTX resistance is mediated through mechanisms that drive premature mitotic exit. Using pharmacologic inhibitors of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and polo-like kinase 1, we show that blocking mitotic exit induces mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and synergistically inhibits cell survival in combination with DTX. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that targeting the mechanisms of dysregulated mitotic checkpoint signaling in AR-reactivated tumors has significant clinical potential to extend treatment benefit with DTX and improve outcomes in patients with lethal prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pilling
- Department of Internal MedicineHenry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Sahn‐Ho Kim
- Department of UrologyHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Clara Hwang
- Department of Internal MedicineHenry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
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25
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Yan X, Liu SM, Liu C. Clinical Applications of Aneuploidies in Evolution of NSCLC Patients: Current Status and Application Prospect. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1355-1368. [PMID: 36388157 PMCID: PMC9662021 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s380016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the first characteristics of cancer cells, chromosomal aberrations during cell division have been well documented. Aneuploidy is a feature of most cancer cells accompanied by an elevated rate of mis-segregation of chromosomes, called chromosome instability (CIN). Aneuploidy causes ongoing karyotypic changes that contribute to tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and treatment failure, which are considered predictors of poor prognosis. Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its genome map shows extensive aneuploid changes. Elucidating the role of aneuploidy in the pathogenesis of LC will reveal information about the key factors of tumor occurrence and development, help to predict the prognosis of cancer, clarify tumor evolution, metastasis, and drug response, and may promote the development of precision oncology. In this review, we describe many possible causes of aneuploidy and provide evidence of the role of aneuploidy in the evolution of LC, providing a basis for future biological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Mei Liu
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 150110, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, People's Republic of China
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26
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Quan M, Oh Y, Cho SY, Kim JH, Moon HG. Polo-Like Kinase 1 Regulates Chromosomal Instability and Paclitaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:178-192. [PMID: 35775700 PMCID: PMC9250878 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chromosomal instability (CIN) contributes to intercellular genetic heterogeneity and has been implicated in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer. In this study, we explored polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as an important regulator of mitotic integrity and as a useful predictive biomarker for PTX resistance in breast cancer. Methods We performed PTX resistance screening using the human kinome CRISPR/Cas9 library in breast cancer cells. In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis assays and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed to determine the effects of PLK1 on breast cancer cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to measure the degree of multipolar cell division. Results Kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identified various kinases involved in PTX resistance in breast cancer cells; among these, PLK1 was chosen for further experiments. PLK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PLK1 silencing sensitized breast cancer cells and mouse xenograft tumor models to PTX cytotoxicity. Silencing of PLK1 induced the formation of multipolar spindles and increased the percentage of multipolar cells. In addition, PLK1 silencing resulted in the downregulation of BubR1 and Mad2 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, PLK1 upregulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival based on the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium databases. Conclusion PLK1 plays an important role in PTX resistance by regulating CIN in breast cancer cells. Targeting PLK1 may be an effective treatment strategy for PTX-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Quan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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TEC kinase stabilizes PLK4 to promote liver cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:70-81. [PMID: 34637843 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aberrated PLK4 expression has been reported in different malignancies and causes centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, and genomic instability. However, the mechanism by which PLK4 is regulated in carcinogenesis remains not fully characterised. Here, we showed that PLK4 was overexpressed in human HCC and overexpression of PLK4 predicted poorer patient prognosis. Unexpectedly, we found that induced expression of PLK4 promotes, but knockdown of PLK4 inhibits, HCC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we found that TEC tyrosine kinase, which also promotes HCC cell migration, stabilizes PLK4 by phosphorylation. TEC directly phosphorylates PLK4 at tyrosine 86 residue, which not only stabilizes the protein but also enhances PLK4-mediated HCC cell invasion. Further investigation by transcriptome sequencing indicated that PLK4 promotes the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase to regulate the focal adhesion pathway in HCC cell migration. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PLK4 plays an important role in HCC metastasis and revealed for the first time the mechanism by which PLK4 promotes HCC metastasis via TEC phosphorylation.
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Aneuploidy, inflammation and diseases. Mutat Res 2022; 824:111777. [PMID: 35358789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how numerical aneuploidy may trigger inflammation in somatic cells and its consequences. Therefore we: i) summarized current knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathological effects of aneuploidy; ii) considered which of these aspects are able to trigger inflammation; iii) determined the genetic and environmental factors which may modulate the link between aneuploidy and inflammation; iv) explored the rôle of diet in prevention of aneuploidy and inflammation; v) examined whether aneuploidy and inflammation are causes and/or consequences of diseases; vi) identified the knowledge gaps and research needed to translate these observations into improved health care and disease prevention. The relationships between aneuploidy, inflammation and diseases are complex, because they depend on which chromosomes are involved, the proportion of cells affected and which organs are aneuploid in the case of mosaic aneuploidy. Therefore, a systemic approach is recommended to understand the emergence of aneuploidy-driven diseases and to take preventive measures to protect individuals from exposure to aneugenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia.
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Wang C, Chen D, Pan C, Wang C. Research progress of Bub3 gene in malignant tumors. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:673-682. [PMID: 34882895 PMCID: PMC9303375 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a highly conserved monitoring system that ensures a fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis. Bub3, a mitotic Checkpoint Protein, is a member of the Bub protein family, and an important factor in the SAC. Abnormal expression of Bub3 results in mitotic defects, defective spindle gate function, chromosomal instability and the development of aneuploidy cells. Aneuploidy is a state of abnormal karyotype that has long been considered as a marker of tumorigenesis. Karyotypic heterogeneity in tumor cells, known as "chromosomal instability" (CIN), can be used to distinguish cancerous cells from their normal tissue counterpart. In this review, we summarize the expression and clinical significance of Bub3 in a variety of tumors and suggest that it has potential in the treatment of cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,1997-09, Woman, Han, Breast cancer
| | - Dating Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,1974-07, Woman, Han, Breast cancer
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Jain B, Atram M, Shivkumar VB. Can Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Aid in Cytological Grading of Breast Cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lee W, Wang Z, Saffern M, Jun T, Huang KL. Genomic and molecular features distinguish young adult cancer from later-onset cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110005. [PMID: 34788626 PMCID: PMC8631509 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adult cancer has increased in incidence worldwide, but its molecular etiologies remain unclear. We systematically characterize genomic profiles of young adult tumors with ages of onset ≤50 years and compare them to later-onset tumors using over 6,000 cases across 14 cancer types. While young adult tumors generally show lower mutation burdens and comparable copy-number variation rates compared to later-onset cases, they are enriched for multiple driver mutations and copy-number alterations in subtype-specific contexts. Characterization of tumor immune microenvironments reveals pan-cancer patterns of elevated TGF-β response/dendritic cells and lower IFN-γ response/macrophages relative to later-onset tumors, corresponding to age-related responses to immunotherapy in several cancer types. Finally, we identify prevalent clinically actionable events that disproportionally affect young adult or later-onset cases. The resulting catalog of age-related molecular drivers can guide precision diagnostics and treatments for young adult cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zishan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Saffern
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tomi Jun
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Londra D, Mastoraki S, Bournakis E, Zavridou M, Thanos A, Rampias T, Lianidou ES. USP44 Promoter Methylation in Plasma Cell-Free DNA in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184607. [PMID: 34572834 PMCID: PMC8467003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Liquid biopsy provides real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and response to therapy through analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). USP44 is a member of family proteins deubiquitinases, and plays an important role in cell growth; however, its accurate role in other cellular networks is under research. In this study, we examined for the first time USP44 promoter methylation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with prostate cancer (early stage n = 32, metastatic n = 39) and 10 healthy donors (HD). USP44 promoter methylation was detected in plasma cell-free DNA by a newly developed highly specific and sensitive real-time MSP method. We report for the first time that detection of USP44 promoter methylation in plasma cell free DNA provides significant prognostic information in metastatic prostate cancer. Abstract Liquid biopsy provides real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and response to therapy through analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). USP44 is a critical gene which plays an important role in cell proliferation; however, its accurate role in other cellular networks is under research. USP44 promoter methylation has been so far reported in colorectal neoplasia and metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined for the first time USP44 promoter methylation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with prostate cancer (early stage n = 32, metastatic n = 39) and 10 healthy donors (HD). USP44 promoter methylation was detected in plasma cell-free DNA by a newly developed highly specific and sensitive real-time MSP method. Our findings indicate that USP44 promoter is methylated in plasma cell-free DNA of metastatic prostate cancer patients and that detection of USP44 promoter methylation is significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (p = 0.008). We report for the first time that detection of USP44 promoter methylation in plasma cell free DNA provides significant prognostic information in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Londra
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (S.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sophia Mastoraki
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (S.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Evangelos Bournakis
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Martha Zavridou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (S.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anastasios Thanos
- Mutual Health Fund of National Bank of Greece Personnel, 11473 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evi S. Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.L.); (S.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7274-311
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Haas OA. Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631946. [PMID: 34422788 PMCID: PMC8373647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term "somatic sex" was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Haas
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Li C, Zhou Y, Deng Y, Shen X, Shi L, Liu W. Development and validation of a risk model for noninvasive detection of cancer in oral potentially malignant disorders using DNA image cytometry. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0531. [PMID: 34018388 PMCID: PMC8330543 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether DNA aneuploidy was an independent discriminator for carcinoma within oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and further establish and validate a risk model based on DNA aneuploidy for the detection of oral cancer. METHODS A total of 810 consecutive patients with OPMD were prospectively enrolled from March 2013 to December 2018, and divided into a training set (n = 608) and a test set (n = 202). Brushing and biopsy samples from each patient were processed by DNA-DNA image cytometry and histopathological examination, respectively. RESULTS DNA aneuploidy of an outside DNA index ≥ 3.5 in OPMD was an independent marker strongly associated with malignant risk [adjusted odds ratio: 13.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.46-31.14]. In the training and test sets, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97), respectively, for detecting carcinoma in OPMD patients. The independent risk factors of lateral/ventral tongue and non-homogenous type combined with a risk model built with a multivariate logistic regression revealed a more favorable diagnostic efficacy associated with the training set (AUC: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.96) and test set (AUC: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). The sensitivity and specificity of carcinoma detection within OPMD was improved to 100% and 88.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale diagnostic study established a risk model based on DNA aneuploidy that consisted of a noninvasive strategy with lateral/ventral tongue and non-homogenous features. The results showed favorable diagnostic efficacy for detecting carcinoma within OPMD, irrespective of the clinical and pathological diagnoses of OPMD. Multicenter validation and longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate community practices and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Iourov IY, Yurov YB, Vorsanova SG, Kutsev SI. Chromosome Instability, Aging and Brain Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051256. [PMID: 34069648 PMCID: PMC8161106 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) has been repeatedly associated with aging and progeroid phenotypes. Moreover, brain-specific CIN seems to be an important element of pathogenic cascades leading to neurodegeneration in late adulthood. Alternatively, CIN and aneuploidy (chromosomal loss/gain) syndromes exhibit accelerated aging phenotypes. Molecularly, cellular senescence, which seems to be mediated by CIN and aneuploidy, is likely to contribute to brain aging in health and disease. However, there is no consensus about the occurrence of CIN in the aging brain. As a result, the role of CIN/somatic aneuploidy in normal and pathological brain aging is a matter of debate. Still, taking into account the effects of CIN on cellular homeostasis, the possibility of involvement in brain aging is highly likely. More importantly, the CIN contribution to neuronal cell death may be responsible for neurodegeneration and the aging-related deterioration of the brain. The loss of CIN-affected neurons probably underlies the contradiction between reports addressing ontogenetic changes of karyotypes within the aged brain. In future studies, the combination of single-cell visualization and whole-genome techniques with systems biology methods would certainly define the intrinsic role of CIN in the aging of the normal and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y. Iourov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-109-03-93 (ext. 3500)
| | - Yuri B. Yurov
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- Yurov’s Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics of the Brain, Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.Y.); (S.G.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia
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Chen J, Liao Y, Fan X. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of BUB1B expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:795-803. [PMID: 33764838 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1908132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal BUB1B expression has been proven to be related to the poor prognosis of various tumors. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the prognostic role of BUB1B in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and two public databases that stored sequencing data were retrieved. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between the BUB1B expression level and clinical characteristics were calculated. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the association between BUB1B expression and survival outcomes. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving 2771 LUAD patients with BUB1B expression were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with older age showed low BUB1B expression. High BUB1B expression was associated with male sex, a smoking history, and an advanced TNM stage. High BUB1B expression was predictive of poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, no publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that BUB1B is a significant biomarker for a poor prognosis and poor clinicopathological outcomes in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Office of Disciplines Construction & Academic Degree, Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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The Significance of Targeting Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 in Pancreatic Cancer for Providing a New Therapeutic Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 33805293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073509.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies focusing on elucidating the effects on cancer progression have enabled the consequent identification of a distinct subpopulation of pancreatic cancer cells with unstable genomic characteristics. Based on this background, deleterious changes by poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP)-1 have been concentrated in oncology. One of the critical functions of PARP-1 is the response to DNA damage, which plays a pivotal role in DNA repair in cancers. PARP-1 also has widespread functions that are essential for the survival and growth of cancer cells. It regulates oxidative stress in mitochondria through the regulation of superoxide and oxidation. PARP-1 is in charge of regulating mitosis, which is a crucial role in tumorigenesis and remodels histones and chromatin enzymes related to transcriptional regulation, causing alterations in epigenetic markers and chromatin structure. Given the significance of these processes, it can be understood that these processes in cancer cells are at the frontline of the pathogenetic changes required for cancer cell survival, and these contributions can result in malignant transformation. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 in pancreatic cancer related to the aforementioned roles, along with the summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in clinical studies targeting pancreatic cancer. This understanding could help to embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which may present the potential to find out a variety of research topics that can be both challenged clinically and non-clinically.
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Jeong KY, Park MH. The Significance of Targeting Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 in Pancreatic Cancer for Providing a New Therapeutic Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073509. [PMID: 33805293 PMCID: PMC8037971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies focusing on elucidating the effects on cancer progression have enabled the consequent identification of a distinct subpopulation of pancreatic cancer cells with unstable genomic characteristics. Based on this background, deleterious changes by poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP)-1 have been concentrated in oncology. One of the critical functions of PARP-1 is the response to DNA damage, which plays a pivotal role in DNA repair in cancers. PARP-1 also has widespread functions that are essential for the survival and growth of cancer cells. It regulates oxidative stress in mitochondria through the regulation of superoxide and oxidation. PARP-1 is in charge of regulating mitosis, which is a crucial role in tumorigenesis and remodels histones and chromatin enzymes related to transcriptional regulation, causing alterations in epigenetic markers and chromatin structure. Given the significance of these processes, it can be understood that these processes in cancer cells are at the frontline of the pathogenetic changes required for cancer cell survival, and these contributions can result in malignant transformation. Therefore, this review addresses the current molecular biological features for understanding the multifactorial function of PARP-1 in pancreatic cancer related to the aforementioned roles, along with the summary of recent approaches with PARP-1 inhibition in clinical studies targeting pancreatic cancer. This understanding could help to embrace the importance of targeting PARP-1 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which may present the potential to find out a variety of research topics that can be both challenged clinically and non-clinically.
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Iegiani G, Gai M, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. CENPE Inhibition Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe and DNA Damage in Medulloblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051028. [PMID: 33804489 PMCID: PMC7957796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective, since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. CENPE is a gene critical for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB cells are very similar to neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In MB cell lines, CENPE depletion induced defects in division and resulted in cell death. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, a specific inhibitor already in clinical trials for other cancer types. GSK923295 induced effects similar to CENPE depletion at low nM levels, supporting the idea that CENPE’s inhibition could be a viable strategy for MB treatment. Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in 25 different genes. Centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) heterozygous mutations cause the MCPH13 syndrome. As for other MCPH genes, CENPE is required for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB shares many molecular features with neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In ONS-76 and DAOY cells, CENPE knockdown induced mitotic defects and apoptosis. Moreover, CENPE depletion induced endogenous DNA damage accumulation, activating TP53 or TP73 as well as cell death signaling pathways. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, an allosteric inhibitor already in clinical trial for other cancer types. GSK923295, induced effects similar to CENPE depletion with higher penetrance, at low nM levels, suggesting that CENPE’s inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
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40
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Uchida KSK, Jo M, Nagasaka K, Takahashi M, Shindo N, Shibata K, Tanaka K, Masumoto H, Fukagawa T, Hirota T. Kinetochore stretching-mediated rapid silencing of the spindle-assembly checkpoint required for failsafe chromosome segregation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1581-1591.e3. [PMID: 33651990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The spindle-assembly checkpoint facilitates mitotic fidelity by delaying anaphase onset in response to microtubule vacancy at kinetochores. Following microtubule attachment, kinetochores receive microtubule-derived force, which causes kinetochores to undergo repetitive cycles of deformation; this phenomenon is referred to as kinetochore stretching. The nature of the forces and the relevance relating this deformation are not well understood. Here, we show that kinetochore stretching occurs within a framework of single end-on attached kinetochores, irrespective of microtubule poleward pulling force. An experimental method to conditionally interfere with the stretching allowed us to determine that kinetochore stretching comprises an essential process of checkpoint silencing by promoting PP1 phosphatase recruitment after the establishment of end-on attachments and removal of the majority of checkpoint-activating kinase Mps1 from kinetochores. Remarkably, we found that a lower frequency of kinetochore stretching largely correlates with a prolonged metaphase in cancer cell lines with chromosomal instability. Perturbation of kinetochore stretching and checkpoint silencing in chromosomally stable cells produced anaphase bridges, which can be alleviated by reducing chromosome-loaded cohesin. These observations indicate that kinetochore stretching-mediated checkpoint silencing provides an unanticipated etiology underlying chromosomal instability and underscores the importance of a rapid metaphase-to-anaphase transition in sustaining mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko S K Uchida
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Minji Jo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Nagasaka
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Shibata
- Division of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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Synthesis of Novel Tryptamine Derivatives and Their Biological Activity as Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030683. [PMID: 33525621 PMCID: PMC7865355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized five novel tryptamine derivatives characterized by the presence of an azelayl chain or of a 1,1,1-trichloroethyl group, in turn connected to another heterocyclic scaffold. The combination of tryptamin-, 1,1,1-trichloroethyl- and 2-aminopyrimidinyl- moieties produced compound 9 identified as the most active compound in hematological cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.57-65.32 μM). Moreover, keeping constant the presence of the tryptaminic scaffold and binding it to the azelayl moiety, the compounds maintain biological activity. Compound 13 is still active against hematological cancer cell lines and shows a selective effect only on HT29 cells (IC50 = 0.006 µM) among solid tumor models. Compound 14 loses activity on all leukemic lines, while showing a high level of toxicity on all solid tumor lines tested (IC50 0.0015-0.469 µM).
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Jiao CY, Feng QC, Li CX, Wang D, Han S, Zhang YD, Jiang WJ, Chang J, Wang X, Li XC. BUB1B promotes extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:63. [PMID: 33431813 PMCID: PMC7801618 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the controversy regarding the expression profile and function of BUB1B in different malignancies still exist. In this project, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of BUB1B in the progression of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). The expression levels of BUB1B in human ECC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR. The role and mechanism of BUB1B in CCA cell proliferation and invasion were investigated in both in vitro and in vivo functional studies. To indicate the clinical significance, a tissue microarray was performed on 113 ECC patients, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression of BUB1B was increased in both human CCA tissues and CCA cells. Results from loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments suggested that the inhibition of BUB1B decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of CCA cells in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of BUB1B achieved the opposite effect. Furthermore, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-c-Jun (JNK)-c-Jun pathway was regulated by BUB1B. BUB1B regulated the proliferation and invasiveness of CAA cells in a JNK-c-Jun-dependent manner. Clinically, ECC patients with BUB1B high expression had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those with BUB1B low expression. Multivariate analysis identified that BUB1B was an independent predictor for postoperative recurrence and overall survival of ECC patients. In conclusion, BUB1B promoted ECC progression via JNK/c-Jun pathways. These findings suggested that BUB1B could be a potential therapeutic target and a biomarker for predicting prognosis for ECC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of surgery, JiangYuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yao Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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The Cytogenomic "Theory of Everything": Chromohelkosis May Underlie Chromosomal Instability and Mosaicism in Disease and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218328. [PMID: 33171981 PMCID: PMC7664247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for somatic chromosomal mosaicism (SCM) and chromosomal instability (CIN) are not completely understood. During molecular karyotyping and bioinformatic analyses of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital malformations (n = 612), we observed colocalization of regular chromosomal imbalances or copy number variations (CNV) with mosaic ones (n = 47 or 7.7%). Analyzing molecular karyotyping data and pathways affected by CNV burdens, we proposed a mechanism for SCM/CIN, which had been designated as “chromohelkosis” (from the Greek words chromosome ulceration/open wound). Briefly, structural chromosomal imbalances are likely to cause local instability (“wreckage”) at the breakpoints, which results either in partial/whole chromosome loss (e.g., aneuploidy) or elongation of duplicated regions. Accordingly, a function for classical/alpha satellite DNA (protection from the wreckage towards the centromere) has been hypothesized. Since SCM and CIN are ubiquitously involved in development, homeostasis and disease (e.g., prenatal development, cancer, brain diseases, aging), we have metaphorically (ironically) designate the system explaining chromohelkosis contribution to SCM/CIN as the cytogenomic “theory of everything”, similar to the homonymous theory in physics inasmuch as it might explain numerous phenomena in chromosome biology. Recognizing possible empirical and theoretical weaknesses of this “theory”, we nevertheless believe that studies of chromohelkosis-like processes are required to understand structural variability and flexibility of the genome.
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P53 clears aneuploid cells by entosis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:818-820. [PMID: 33149274 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Yamazoe T, Mori T, Yoshio S, Kanto T. Hepatocyte ploidy and pathological mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on oncogenesis and therapeutics. Glob Health Med 2020; 2:273-281. [PMID: 33330821 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in the chronic liver inflammation such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. While anti-viral treatment has been significantly improved, the prevalence of HCC remains high and treatment is still challenging. The continuation of hepatocyte death, inflammation, and fibrosis leads to the accumulation of gene alterations, which may trigger carcinogenesis. Hepatocytes are a unique cell type having more than one complete set of 23 chromosomes, termed polyploidy. Due to gene redundancy, hepatocytes may tolerate lethal mutations. Next generation sequencing technology has revealed gene alterations in HCC related to telomere maintenance, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, p53 cell-cycle pathway, epigenetic modifiers, oxidative stress pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway with or without a chromosomal instability. Some type of driver gene mutations accumulates in hepatocytes and breaks the orchestration of excessive copies of chromosomes, which may lead to unfavorable gene expressions and fuel tumorigenesis. Recently, molecular targeted drugs, developed with the aim of interfering with these signaling pathways, are being used for HCC patients in the clinics. Therefore, a deeper understanding of hepatocyte ploidy and genetic or epigenetic alterations is indispensable for the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Yamazoe
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Yoshio
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Department of Liver Disease, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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46
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Guo X, Dai X, Wu X, Cao N, Wang X. Small but strong: Mutational and functional landscapes of micronuclei in cancer genomes. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:812-824. [PMID: 32949152 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei, small spatially-separated, nucleus-like structures, are a common feature of human cancer cells. There are considerable heterogeneities in the sources, structures and genetic activities of micronuclei. Accumulating evidence suggests that micronuclei and main nuclei represent separate entities with respect to DNA replication, DNA damage sensing and repairing capacity because micronuclei are not monitored by the same checkpoints nor covered by the same nuclear envelope as the main nuclei. Thus, micronuclei are spatially restricted "mutation factories." Several large-scale DNA sequencing and bioinformatics studies over the last few years have revealed that most micronuclei display a mutational signature of chromothripsis immediately after their generation and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been dissected extensively. Clonal expansion of the micronucleated cells is context-dependent and is associated with chromothripsis and several other mutational signatures including extrachromosomal circular DNA, kataegis and chromoanasynthesis. These results suggest what was once thought to be merely a passive indicator of chromosomal instability is now being recognized as a strong mutator phenotype that may drive intratumoral genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we revisit the actionable determinants that contribute to the bursts of mutagenesis in micronuclei and present the growing number of evidence which suggests that micronuclei have distinct short- and long-term mutational and functional effects to cancer genomes. We also pose challenges for studying the long-term effects of micronucleation in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Neng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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47
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Su HH, Pan HW, Lu CP, Chuang JJ, Yang T. Automatic Detection Method for Cancer Cell Nucleus Image Based on Deep-Learning Analysis and Color Layer Signature Analysis Algorithm. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4409. [PMID: 32784663 PMCID: PMC7472205 DOI: 10.3390/s20164409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exploring strategies to treat cancer has always been an aim of medical researchers. One of the available strategies is to use targeted therapy drugs to make the chromosomes in cancer cells unstable such that cell death can be induced, and the elimination of highly proliferative cancer cells can be achieved. Studies have reported that the mitotic defects and micronuclei in cancer cells can be used as biomarkers to evaluate the instability of the chromosomes. Researchers use these two biomarkers to assess the effects of drugs on eliminating cancer cells. However, manual work is required to count the number of cells exhibiting mitotic defects and micronuclei either directly from the viewing window of a microscope or from an image, which is tedious and creates errors. Therefore, this study aims to detect cells with mitotic defects and micronuclei by applying an approach that can automatically count the targets. This approach integrates the application of a convolutional neural network for normal cell identification and the proposed color layer signature analysis (CLSA) to spot cells with mitotic defects and micronuclei. This approach provides a method for researchers to detect colon cancer cells in an accurate and time-efficient manner, thereby decreasing errors and the processing time. The following sections will illustrate the methodology and workflow design of this study, as well as explain the practicality of the experimental comparisons and the results that were used to validate the practicality of this algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hao Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Pan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Chuan-Pin Lu
- Department of Information Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
| | - Jyun-Jie Chuang
- Department of Information Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
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48
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Li C, Wu L, Deng Y, Shen X, Liu W, Shi L. DNA aneuploidy with image cytometry for detecting dysplasia and carcinoma in oral potentially malignant disorders: A prospective diagnostic study. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6411-6420. [PMID: 32638539 PMCID: PMC7476813 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence on diagnostic value of aneuploidy with DNA image cytometry (ICM) using brushings for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is limited by sample size and inconsistent classification criteria of aneuploidy. This study aimed to explore the optimal cut-off values of DNA content and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DNA-ICM for detecting dysplasia and/or carcinoma in OPMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 401 consecutive patients with OPMD were enrolled in this prospective diagnostic study. Brushing and biopsy sample form each patient was processed by DNA-ICM and histological examination respectively. RESULTS When the optimal cut-off of at least one aneuploid cell with DNA index (DI) ≥2.3, the area under the curves (AUC) was 0.735 and positive predictive value was 92.7% for detecting dysplasia within OPMD. When the optimal cut-off of at least one aneuploid cell with DI ≥ 3.5, the AUC was 0.851 and negative predictive values was 96.8% for detecting carcinoma within OPMD. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that aneuploidy with DI ≥ 2.3 in OPMD was significantly associated with dysplasia risk (adjusted OR, 5.52; 95%CI, 2.90-10.51; P < .001), and aneuploidy with DI ≥ 3.5 in OPMD was strongly associated with malignant risk (adjusted OR, 21.05; 95%CI, 9.34-47.41; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This largest-scale diagnostic study optimized the criteria of aneuploidy cytology for noninvasive detection of oral dysplasia and carcinoma within OPMD. DNA aneuploidy in OPMD was an independent marker that strongly associated with oral dysplasia/carcinoma. Our findings suggest that DNA-ICM may serve as a useful noninvasive adjunctive tool for oral cancer and OPMD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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49
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Najminejad H, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Dabaghian M, Dezhkam A, Rigi Yousofabadi E, Najminejad R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Karimi MH, Bagheri N, Mahi-Birjand M, Ghasemi N, Mazaheri M, Kalantar SM, Seifalian A, Sheikhha MH. Key Regulatory miRNAs and their Interplay with Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1113-1128. [PMID: 32430354 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the WHO, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Identification of underlying mechanisms in breast cancer progression is the main concerns of researches. The mechanical forces within the tumor microenvironment, in addition to biochemical stimuli such as different growth factors and cytokines, activate signaling cascades, resulting in various changes in cancer cell physiology. Cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration, and, even, resistance to cancer therapeutic agents are changed due to activation of mechanotransduction signaling. The mechanotransduction signaling is frequently dysregulated in breast cancer, indicating its important role in cancer cell features. So far, a variety of experimental investigations have been conducted to determine the main regulators of the mechanotransduction signaling. Currently, the role of miRNAs has been well-defined in the cancer process through advances in molecular-based approaches. miRNAs are small groups of RNAs (∼22 nucleotides) that contribute to various biological events in cells. The central role of miRNAs in the regulation of various mediators involved in the mechanotransduction signaling has been well clarified over the last decade. Unbalanced expression of miRNAs is associated with different pathologic conditions. Overexpression and downregulation of certain miRNAs were found to be along with dysregulation of mechanotransduction signaling effectors. This study aimed to critically review the role of miRNAs in the regulation of mediators involved in the mechanosensing pathways and clarify how the cross-talk between miRNAs and their targets affect the cell behavior and physiology of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najminejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Dabaghian
- Research and Development Department, Razi Vaccine and serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Dezhkam
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | - Reza Najminejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Motahareh Mahi-Birjand
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahta Mazaheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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50
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Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB, Iourov IY. Dynamic nature of somatic chromosomal mosaicism, genetic-environmental interactions and therapeutic opportunities in disease and aging. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32411302 PMCID: PMC7206664 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic chromosomal mosaicism is the presence of cell populations differing with respect to the chromosome complements (e.g. normal and abnormal) in an individual. Chromosomal mosaicism is associated with a wide spectrum of disease conditions and aging. Studying somatic genome variations has indicated that amounts of chromosomally abnormal cells are likely to be unstable. As a result, dynamic changes of mosaicism rates occur through ontogeny. Additionally, a correlation between disease severity and mosaicism rates appears to exist. High mosaicism rates are usually associated with severe disease phenotypes, whereas low-level mosaicism is generally observed in milder disease phenotypes or in presumably unaffected individuals. Here, we hypothesize that dynamic nature of somatic chromosomal mosaicism may result from genetic-environmental interactions creating therapeutic opportunities in the associated diseases and aging. CONCLUSION Genetic-environmental interactions seem to contribute to the dynamic nature of somatic mosaicism. Accordingly, an external influence on cellular populations may shift the ratio of karyotypically normal and abnormal cells in favor of an increase in the amount of cells without chromosome rearrangements. Taking into account the role of somatic chromosomal mosaicism in health and disease, we have hypothesized that artificial changing of somatic mosaicism rates may be beneficial in individuals suffering from the associated diseases and/or behavioral or reproductive problems. In addition, such therapeutic procedures might be useful for anti-aging strategies (i.e. possible rejuvenation through a decrease in levels of chromosomal mosaicism) increasing the lifespan. Finally, the hypothesis appears to be applicable to any type of somatic mosacism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana G. Vorsanova
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri B. Yurov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Y. Iourov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Mental Health Research Center, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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