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de Back TR, van Hooff SR, Sommeijer DW, Vermeulen L. Transcriptomic subtyping of gastrointestinal malignancies. Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00120-1. [PMID: 39019673 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are highly heterogeneous at multiple levels. Tumor heterogeneity can be captured by molecular profiling, such as genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and transcriptomic classification. Transcriptomic subtyping has the advantage of combining genetic and epigenetic information, cancer cell-intrinsic properties, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Unsupervised transcriptomic subtyping systems of different GI malignancies have gained interest because they reveal shared biological features across cancers and bear prognostic and predictive value. Importantly, transcriptomic subtypes accurately reflect complex phenotypic states varying not only per tumor region, but also throughout disease progression, with consequences for clinical management. Here, we discuss methodologies of transcriptomic subtyping, proposed taxonomies for GI malignancies, and the challenges posed to clinical implementation, highlighting opportunities for future transcriptomic profiling efforts to optimize clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R de Back
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje W Sommeijer
- Flevohospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitaalweg 1, 1315 RA, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Pereira BA, Ritchie S, Chambers CR, Gordon KA, Magenau A, Murphy KJ, Nobis M, Tyma VM, Liew YF, Lucas MC, Naeini MM, Barkauskas DS, Chacon-Fajardo D, Howell AE, Parker AL, Warren SC, Reed DA, Lee V, Metcalf XL, Lee YK, O’Regan LP, Zhu J, Trpceski M, Fontaine ARM, Stoehr J, Rouet R, Lin X, Chitty JL, Porazinski S, Wu SZ, Filipe EC, Cadell AL, Holliday H, Yang J, Papanicolaou M, Lyons RJ, Zaratzian A, Tayao M, Da Silva A, Vennin C, Yin J, Dew AB, McMillan PJ, Goldstein LD, Deveson IW, Croucher DR, Samuel MS, Sim HW, Batten M, Chantrill L, Grimmond SM, Gill AJ, Samra J, Jeffry Evans TR, Sasaki T, Phan TG, Swarbrick A, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Pajic M, Parker BL, Herrmann D, Cox TR, Timpson P. Temporally resolved proteomics identifies nidogen-2 as a cotarget in pancreatic cancer that modulates fibrosis and therapy response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1197. [PMID: 38959305 PMCID: PMC11221519 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by increasing fibrosis, which can enhance tumor progression and spread. Here, we undertook an unbiased temporal assessment of the matrisome of the highly metastatic KPC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+) and poorly metastatic KPflC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+) genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer using mass spectrometry proteomics. Our assessment at early-, mid-, and late-stage disease reveals an increased abundance of nidogen-2 (NID2) in the KPC model compared to KPflC, with further validation showing that NID2 is primarily expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using biomechanical assessments, second harmonic generation imaging, and birefringence analysis, we show that NID2 reduction by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in CAFs reduces stiffness and matrix remodeling in three-dimensional models, leading to impaired cancer cell invasion. Intravital imaging revealed improved vascular patency in live NID2-depleted tumors, with enhanced response to gemcitabine/Abraxane. In orthotopic models, NID2 CRISPRi tumors had less liver metastasis and increased survival, highlighting NID2 as a potential PDAC cotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Pereira
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shona Ritchie
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cecilia R. Chambers
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie A. Gordon
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kendelle J. Murphy
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Intravital Imaging Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victoria M. Tyma
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ying Fei Liew
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morghan C. Lucas
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjan M. Naeini
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Genomics and Inherited Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah S. Barkauskas
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- ACRF INCITe Intravital Imaging Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon-Fajardo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna E. Howell
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amelia L. Parker
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xanthe L. Metcalf
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Young Kyung Lee
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke P. O’Regan
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessie Zhu
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela R. M. Fontaine
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- ACRF INCITe Intravital Imaging Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romain Rouet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Immune Biotherapies Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Chitty
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Porazinski
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunny Z. Wu
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elysse C. Filipe
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonia L. Cadell
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Holliday
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Papanicolaou
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth J. Lyons
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Histopathology Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- Histopathology Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Da Silva
- Histopathology Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Yin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alysha B. Dew
- Centre for Advanced Histology & Microscopy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J. McMillan
- Centre for Advanced Histology & Microscopy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonard D. Goldstein
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ira W. Deveson
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Genomics and Inherited Disease Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R. Croucher
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance of SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marcel Batten
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lorraine Chantrill
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R. Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tri G. Phan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Marina Pajic
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Oncology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Pulvirenti A, Barbagallo M, Putignano AR, Pea A, Polidori R, Upstill-Goddard R, Cortese N, Kunderfranco P, Brunelli L, De Simone G, Pastorelli R, Spaggiari P, Nappo G, Jamieson NB, Zerbi A, Chang DK, Capretti G, Marchesi F. Integrating metabolic profiling of pancreatic juice with transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic cancer tissue identifies distinct clinical subgroups. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405612. [PMID: 38988711 PMCID: PMC11234733 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A pancreatic juice (PJ) metabolic signature has been reported to be prognostic of oncological outcome for PDAC. Integration of PJ profiling with transcriptomic and spatial characterization of the tumor microenvironment would help in identifying PDACs with peculiar vulnerabilities. Methods We performed a transcriptomic analysis of 26 PDAC samples grouped into 3 metabolic clusters (M_CL) according to their PJ metabolic profile. We analyzed molecular subtypes and transcriptional differences. Validation was performed by multidimensional imaging on tumor slides. Results Pancreatic juice metabolic profiling was associated with PDAC transcriptomic molecular subtypes (p=0.004). Tumors identified as M_CL1 exhibited a non-squamous molecular phenotype and demonstrated longer survival. Enrichment analysis revealed the upregulation of immune genes and pathways in M_CL1 samples compared to M_CL2, the group with worse prognosis, a difference confirmed by immunofluorescence on tissue slides. Enrichment analysis of 39 immune signatures by xCell confirmed decreased immune signatures in M_CL2 compared to M_CL1 and allowed a stratification of patients associated with longer survival. Discussion PJ metabolic fingerprints reflect PDAC molecular subtypes and the immune microenvironment, confirming PJ as a promising source of biomarkers for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pulvirenti
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Barbagallo
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Putignano
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pea
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery-The Pancreas Institute, Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Polidori
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosie Upstill-Goddard
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Cortese
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Laboratory of Metabolites and Proteins in Translational Research, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia De Simone
- Laboratory of Metabolites and Proteins in Translational Research, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Laboratory of Metabolites and Proteins in Translational Research, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Pathology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gennaro Nappo
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - David K. Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Section of Pancreatic Surgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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4
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Smith H, Arbe-Barnes E, Shah EA, Sivakumar S. Manipulating regulatory T cells: is it the key to unlocking effective immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406250. [PMID: 38873607 PMCID: PMC11170104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rates for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have scarcely improved over the last half-century. It is inherently resistant to FDA-approved immunotherapies, which have transformed the outlook for patients with other advanced solid tumours. Accumulating evidence relates this resistance to its hallmark immunosuppressive milieu, which instils progressive dysfunction among tumour-infiltrating effector T cells. This milieu is established at the inception of neoplasia by immunosuppressive cellular populations, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), which accumulate in parallel with the progression to malignant PDAC. Thus, the therapeutic manipulation of Tregs has captured significant scientific and commercial attention, bolstered by the discovery that an abundance of tumour-infiltrating Tregs correlates with a poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Herein, we propose a mechanism for the resistance of PDAC to anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 immunotherapies and re-assess the rationale for pursuing Treg-targeted therapies in light of recent studies that profiled the immune landscape of patient-derived tumour samples. We evaluate strategies that are emerging to limit Treg-mediated immunosuppression for the treatment of PDAC, and signpost early-stage trials that provide preliminary evidence of clinical activity. In this context, we find a compelling argument for investment in the ongoing development of Treg-targeted immunotherapies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Smith
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Arbe-Barnes
- Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enas Abu Shah
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Cancer Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Delgado-Coka L, Horowitz M, Torrente-Goncalves M, Roa-Peña L, Leiton CV, Hasan M, Babu S, Fassler D, Oentoro J, Bai JDK, Petricoin EF, Matrisian LM, Blais EM, Marchenko N, Allard FD, Jiang W, Larson B, Hendifar A, Chen C, Abousamra S, Samaras D, Kurc T, Saltz J, Escobar-Hoyos LF, Shroyer KR. Keratin 17 modulates the immune topography of pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:443. [PMID: 38730319 PMCID: PMC11087249 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune microenvironment impacts tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and patient survival and may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although never studied as a potential modulator of the immune response in most cancers, Keratin 17 (K17), a biomarker of the most aggressive (basal) molecular subtype of PDAC, is intimately involved in the histogenesis of the immune response in psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, we hypothesized that K17 expression could also impact the immune cell response in PDAC, and that uncovering this relationship could provide insight to guide the development of immunotherapeutic opportunities to extend patient survival. METHODS Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and automated image analysis based on novel computational imaging technology were used to decipher the abundance and spatial distribution of T cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, relative to K17 expression in 235 PDACs. RESULTS K17 expression had profound effects on the exclusion of intratumoral CD8+ T cells and was also associated with decreased numbers of peritumoral CD8+ T cells, CD16+ macrophages, and CD163+ macrophages (p < 0.0001). The differences in the intratumor and peritumoral CD8+ T cell abundance were not impacted by neoadjuvant therapy, tumor stage, grade, lymph node status, histologic subtype, nor KRAS, p53, SMAD4, or CDKN2A mutations. CONCLUSIONS Thus, K17 expression correlates with major differences in the immune microenvironment that are independent of any tested clinicopathologic or tumor intrinsic variables, suggesting that targeting K17-mediated immune effects on the immune system could restore the innate immunologic response to PDAC and might provide novel opportunities to restore immunotherapeutic approaches for this most deadly form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne Delgado-Coka
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Program of Public Health and Department of Preventative Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mariana Torrente-Goncalves
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lucia Roa-Peña
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cindy V Leiton
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sruthi Babu
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Danielle Fassler
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jaymie Oentoro
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ji-Dong K Bai
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Perthera, McLean, VA, USA
| | - Lynn M Matrisian
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalia Marchenko
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brent Larson
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shahira Abousamra
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Dimitris Samaras
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tahsin Kurc
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joel Saltz
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Luisa F Escobar-Hoyos
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Silva LGDO, Lemos FFB, Luz MS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Calmon MDS, Correa Santos GL, Rocha GR, de Melo FF. New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1134-1153. [PMID: 38660642 PMCID: PMC11037047 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases worldwide. However, due to its complexity, it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes, including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, and smoking. Mutations in genes such as KRAS, TP53, and SMAD4 are linked to the appearance of malignant cells that generate pancreatic lesions and, consequently, cancer. In this context, some therapies are used for PC, one of which is immunotherapy, which is extremely promising in various other types of cancer but has shown little response in the treatment of PC due to various resistance mechanisms that contribute to a drop in immunotherapy efficiency. It is therefore clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a huge impact on the resistance process, since cellular and non-cellular elements create an immunosuppressive environment, characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma with cancer-associated fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix, and immunosuppressive cells. Linked to this are genetic mutations in TP53 and immunosuppressive factors that act on T cells, resulting in a shortage of CD8+ T cells and limited expression of activation markers such as interferon-gamma. In this way, finding new strategies that make it possible to manipulate resistance mechanisms is necessary. Thus, techniques such as the use of TME modulators that block receptors and stromal molecules that generate resistance, the use of genetic manipulation in specific regions, such as microRNAs, the modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with T cells, and, above all, therapeutic models that combine these modulation techniques constitute the promising future of PC therapy. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy in PC and new ways of manipulating this process, resulting in a more efficient therapy for cancer patients and, consequently, a reduction in the lethality of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana dos Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lima Correa Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Reis Rocha
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Ye X, Yu Y, Zheng X, Ma H. Clinical immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:64. [PMID: 38430289 PMCID: PMC10908626 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a challenging disease with limited treatment options, resulting in high mortality rates. The predominant approach to managing pancreatic cancer patients continues to be systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite substantial advancements in immunotherapy strategies for various cancers, their clinical utility in pancreatic cancer has proven less effective and durable. Whether administered as monotherapy, employing immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors T cells, or in combination with conventional chemoradiotherapy, the clinical outcomes remain underwhelming. Extensive preclinical experiments and clinical trials in the realm of pancreatic cancer have provided valuable insights into the complexities of immunotherapy. Chief among the hurdles are the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limited immunogenicity, and the inherent heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview and critical analysis of current clinical immunotherapy strategies for pancreatic cancer, emphasizing their endeavors to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Particular focus is placed on strategies aimed at reshaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhancing T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Ultimately, through deeper elucidation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and the refinement of therapeutic approaches, we anticipate breakthroughs that will pave the way for more effective treatments in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongdi Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Delgado-Coka LA, Horowitz M, Torrente-Goncalves M, Roa-Peña L, Leiton CV, Hasan M, Babu S, Fassler D, Oentoro J, Karen Bai JD, Petricoin EF, Matrisian LM, Blais EM, Marchenko N, Allard FD, Jiang W, Larson B, Hendifar A, Chen C, Abousamra S, Samaras D, Kurc T, Saltz J, Escobar-Hoyos LF, Shroyer K. Keratin 17 modulates the immune topography of pancreatic cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3886691. [PMID: 38464123 PMCID: PMC10925455 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3886691/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background The immune microenvironment impacts tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and patient survival and may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although never studied as a potential modulator of the immune response in most cancers, Keratin 17 (K17), a biomarker of the most aggressive (basal) molecular subtype of PDAC, is intimately involved in the histogenesis of the immune response in psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, we hypothesized that K17 expression could also impact the immune cell response in PDAC, and that uncovering this relationship could provide insight to guide the development of immunotherapeutic opportunities to extend patient survival. Methods Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and automated image analysis based on novel computational imaging technology were used to decipher the abundance and spatial distribution of T cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, relative to K17 expression in 235 PDACs. Results K17 expression had profound effects on the exclusion of intratumoral CD8 + T cells and was also associated with decreased numbers of peritumoral CD8 + T cells, CD16 + macrophages, and CD163 + macrophages (p < 0.0001). The differences in the intratumor and peritumoral CD8 + T cell abundance were not impacted by neoadjuvant therapy, tumor stage, grade, lymph node status, histologic subtype, nor KRAS, p53, SMAD4, or CDKN2A mutations. Conclusions Thus, K17 expression correlates with major differences in the immune microenvironment that are independent of any tested clinicopathologic or tumor intrinsic variables, suggesting that targeting K17-mediated immune effects on the immune system could restore the innate immunologic response to PDAC and might provide novel opportunities to restore immunotherapeutic approaches for this most deadly form of cancer.
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9
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Luo W, Wen T, Qu X. Tumor immune microenvironment-based therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: time to update the concept. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:8. [PMID: 38167055 PMCID: PMC10759657 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) formed by interactions among cancer cells, immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and extracellular matrix (ECM) components drives PDAC in a more immunosuppressive direction: this is a major cause of therapy resistance and poor prognosis. In recent years, research has advanced our understanding of the signaling mechanism by which TIME components interact with the tumor and the evolution of immunophenotyping. Through revolutionary technologies such as single-cell sequencing, we have gone from simply classifying PDACs as "cold" and "hot" to a more comprehensive approach of immunophenotyping that considers all the cells and matrix components. This is key to improving the clinical efficacy of PDAC treatments. In this review, we elaborate on various TIME components in PDAC, the signaling mechanisms underlying their interactions, and the latest research into PDAC immunophenotyping. A deep understanding of these network interactions will contribute to the effective combination of TIME-based therapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), adoptive cell therapy, therapies targeting myeloid cells, CAF reprogramming, and stromal normalization. By selecting the appropriate integrated therapies based on precise immunophenotyping, significant advances in the future treatment of PDAC are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
- Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
- Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Greendyk JD, Allen WE, Alexander HR, Beninato T, Eskander MF, Grandhi MS, Kennedy TJ, Langan RC, Maggi JC, De S, Court CM, Ecker BL. Association between SMAD4 Mutations and GATA6 Expression in Paired Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Specimens: Data from Two Independent Molecularly-Characterized Cohorts. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3058. [PMID: 38002058 PMCID: PMC10669842 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular biomarkers have been identified to guide induction treatment selection for localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). SMAD4 alterations and low GATA6 expression/modified "Moffitt" basal-like phenotype have each been associated with inferior survival uniquely for patients receiving 5-FU-based therapies. SMAD4 may directly regulate the expression of GATA6 in PDAC, pointing to a common predictive biomarker. To evaluate the relationship between SMAD4 mutations and GATA6 expression in human PDAC tumors, patients with paired SMAD4 mutation and GATA6 mRNA expression data in the TCGA and CPTAC were identified. In 321 patients (TCGA: n = 180; CPTAC: n = 141), the rate of SMAD4 alterations was 26.8%. The rate of SMAD4 alteration did not vary per tertile of normalized GATA6 expression (TCGA: p = 0.928; CPTAC: p = 0.828). In the TCGA, SMAD4 alterations and the basal-like phenotype were each associated with worse survival (log rank p = 0.077 and p = 0.080, respectively), but their combined presence did not identify a subset with uniquely inferior survival (p = 0.943). In the CPTAC, the basal-like phenotype was associated with significantly worse survival (p < 0.001), but the prognostic value was not influenced by the combined presence of SMAD4 alterations (p = 0.960). SMAD4 alterations were not associated with poor clinico-pathological features such as poor tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), or positive perineural invasion (PNI), compared with SMAD4-wildtype. Given that SMAD4 mutations were not associated with GATA6 expression or Moffitt subtype in two independent molecularly characterized PDAC cohorts, distinct biomarker-defined clinical trials are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Greendyk
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Health, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.G.); (W.E.A.)
| | - William E. Allen
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Health, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.G.); (W.E.A.)
| | - H. Richard Alexander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Toni Beninato
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mariam F. Eskander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Miral S. Grandhi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kennedy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Russell C. Langan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Jason C. Maggi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Subhajyoti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Colin M. Court
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Brett L. Ecker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
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11
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Xu ZJ, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Identification of characteristic markers correlated with Th2 cell infiltration and metabolism molecular subtype in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:3193-3206. [PMID: 36636065 PMCID: PMC9830327 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the deadliest malignant cancer, has gradually become the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Multidisciplinary therapy has been difficult to implement because of the particularity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Research has increasingly indicated the significance of metabolic adaption in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The difference in metabolism may influence immune cell infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Novel immune-related metabolism biomarkers are needed to improve the therapeutic outcomes of existing targeted therapies. Methods We enrolled whole-genome sequencing data and clinical information about 168 pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, other pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples, and clinical information from other cohorts. We used the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) package to calculate feature score, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and randomSurvivalForest package to screen hub genes, the ConsenClusterPlus package to classify subtypes, the pRRopthetic package to evaluate drug sensibility, the maftools package to analyze mutation information and the Seurat package to analyze single cell sequencing data. Results We revealed the prognosis significance of Th2 cell infiltration, classified two subtypes based on hub genes, compared immune cell infiltration, substance metabolism, cellular processes, gene mutation, and copy number variation (CNV) between subtypes and explored the clinical and biological features of Th2 cell infiltration. Conclusions We displayed the poor prognosis significance of Th2 cell infiltration and the significant difference of simple nucleotide polymorphism, CNV, natural killer (NK) CD56 bright cell infiltration, substance metabolism, autophagy and necroptosis between subtypes. Additionally, we discovered the sensitivity difference of chemotherapy drug and the Th2 cell infiltration changes after chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) cell therapy and radiotherapy and explored the differences between normal liver and metastatic liver tissues of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;,Department of Surgery Training Base, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai, China;,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sivapalan L, Kocher HM, Ross-Adams H, Chelala C. The molecular landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2022; 22:925-936. [PMID: 35927150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Surgical resection of early, localised disease provides the only chance for potentially curative treatment; however, most patients with PDAC present with advanced disease and are not suitable for surgery. Genomic analyses of PDAC tumour lesions have identified a small number of recurrent alterations that are detected across most tumours, and beyond that a large number that either occur at a low (<5%) prevalence or are patient-specific in nature. This molecular heterogeneity has presented a significant challenge for the characterisation of tumour subtypes and effective molecular biomarkers, which have not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC. These challenges are compounded by the overall lack of tumour biopsies for sequencing, the invasive nature of tissue sampling and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many PDAC biopsy specimens, which have limited the applications of molecular profiling in unresectable patients and for longitudinal tumour monitoring. Further investigation into alternative sources of tumour analytes that can be sampled using minimally invasive methods and used to complement molecular analyses from tissue sequencing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sivapalan
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H Ross-Adams
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - C Chelala
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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13
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Deborde S, Gusain L, Powers A, Marcadis A, Yu Y, Chen CH, Frants A, Kao E, Tang LH, Vakiani E, Amisaki M, Balachandran VP, Calo A, Omelchenko T, Jessen KR, Reva B, Wong RJ. Reprogrammed Schwann Cells Organize into Dynamic Tracks that Promote Pancreatic Cancer Invasion. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2454-2473. [PMID: 35881881 PMCID: PMC9533012 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nerves are a component of the tumor microenvironment contributing to cancer progression, but the role of cells from nerves in facilitating cancer invasion remains poorly understood. Here we show that Schwann cells (SC) activated by cancer cells collectively function as tumor-activated Schwann cell tracks (TAST) that promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Nonmyelinating SCs form TASTs and have cell gene expression signatures that correlate with diminished survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In TASTs, dynamic SCs form tracks that serve as cancer pathways and apply forces on cancer cells to enhance cancer motility. These SCs are activated by c-Jun, analogous to their reprogramming during nerve repair. This study reveals a mechanism of cancer cell invasion that co-opts a wound repair process and exploits the ability of SCs to collectively organize into tracks. These findings establish a novel paradigm of how cancer cells spread and reveal therapeutic opportunities. SIGNIFICANCE How the tumor microenvironment participates in pancreatic cancer progression is not fully understood. Here, we show that SCs are activated by cancer cells and collectively organize into tracks that dynamically enable cancer invasion in a c-Jun-dependent manner. See related commentary by Amit and Maitra, p. 2240. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laxmi Gusain
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ann Powers
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Marcadis
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yasong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chun-Hao Chen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Frants
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Kao
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Efsevia Vakiani
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Masataka Amisaki
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod P. Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Annalisa Calo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kristjan R. Jessen
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Corresponding Author: Richard J. Wong, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Phone: 212-639-7638; E-mail:
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14
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Pietrasz D, Sereni E, Lancelotti F, Pea A, Luchini C, Innamorati G, Salvia R, Bassi C. Circulating tumour DNA: a challenging innovation to develop "precision onco-surgery" in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1676-1683. [PMID: 35197581 PMCID: PMC9174156 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade. Management of PDAC remains challenging with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis. Liquid biopsy and circulating biomarkers seem to be promising to improve the multidisciplinary approach in PDAC treatment. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is the most studied blood liquid biopsy analyte and can provide insight into the molecular profile and individual characteristics of the tumour in real-time and in advance of standard imaging modalities. This could pave the way for identifying new therapeutic targets and markers of tumour response to supplement diagnostic and provide enhanced stratified treatment. Although its specificity seems excellent, the current sensitivity of ctDNA remains a limitation for clinical use, especially in patients with a low tumour burden. Increasing evidence suggests that ctDNA is a pertinent candidate biomarker to assess minimal residual disease after surgery but also a strong independent prognostic biomarker. This review explores the current knowledge and recent developments in ctDNA as a screening, diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarker in the management of resectable PDAC but also technical and analytical challenges that must be overcome to move toward "precision onco-surgery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pietrasz
- APHP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Sereni
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Lancelotti
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Pea
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Innamorati
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Verona Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
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15
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Hung YH, Chen LT, Hung WC. The Trinity: Interplay among Cancer Cells, Fibroblasts, and Immune Cells in Pancreatic Cancer and Implication of CD8 + T Cell-Orientated Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040926. [PMID: 35453676 PMCID: PMC9026398 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment in tumors is complicated and is constituted by different cell types and stromal proteins. Among the cell types, the abundance of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells is high and these cells work as the “Trinity” in promoting tumorigenesis. Although unidirectional or bidirectional crosstalk between two independent cell types has been well characterized, the multi-directional interplays between cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear. We summarize recent studies in addressing the interaction of the “Trinity” members in the tumor microenvironment and propose a functional network for how these members communicate with each other. In addition, we discuss the underlying mechanisms mediating the interplay. Moreover, correlations of the alterations in the distribution and functionality of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells under different circumstances are reviewed. Finally, we point out the future application of CD8+ T cell-oriented therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
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16
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Cattolico C, Bailey P, Barry ST. Modulation of Type I Interferon Responses to Influence Tumor-Immune Cross Talk in PDAC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816517. [PMID: 35273962 PMCID: PMC8902310 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types. However, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) exhibit poor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors with immunotherapy-based trials not generating convincing clinical activity. PDAC tumors often have low infiltration of tumor CD8+ T cells and a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. These features classify PDAC as immunologically "cold." However, the presence of tumor T cells is a favorable prognostic feature in PDAC. Intrinsic tumor cell properties govern interactions with the immune system. Alterations in tumor DNA such as genomic instability, high tumor mutation burden, and/or defects in DNA damage repair are associated with responses to both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Cytotoxic or metabolic stress produced by radiation and/or chemotherapy can act as potent immune triggers and prime immune responses. Damage- or stress-mediated activation of nucleic acid-sensing pathways triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) responses that activate innate immune cells and natural killer cells, promote maturation of dendritic cells, and stimulate adaptive immunity. While PDAC exhibits intrinsic features that have the potential to engage immune cells, particularly following chemotherapy, these immune-sensing mechanisms are ineffective. Understanding where defects in innate immune triggers render the PDAC tumor-immune interface less effective, or how T-cell function is suppressed will help develop more effective treatments and harness the immune system for durable outcomes. This review will focus on the pivotal role played by IFN-I in promoting tumor cell-immune cell cross talk in PDAC. We will discuss how PDAC tumor cells bypass IFN-I signaling pathways and explore how these pathways can be co-opted or re-engaged to enhance the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Cattolico
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Chen Y, Chen D, Wang Q, Xu Y, Huang X, Haglund F, Su H. Immunological Classification of Pancreatic Carcinomas to Identify Immune Index and Provide a Strategy for Patient Stratification. Front Immunol 2022; 12:719105. [PMID: 35111149 PMCID: PMC8801451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy has produced significant positive clinical effects in a variety of tumor types. However, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is widely considered to be a "cold" cancer with poor immunogenicity. Our aim is to determine the detailed immune features of PDAC to seek new treatment strategies. Methods The immune cell abundance of PDAC patients was evaluated with the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) using 119 immune gene signatures. Based on these data, patients were classified into different immune subtypes (ISs) according to immune gene signatures. We analyzed their response patterns to immunotherapy in the datasets, then established an immune index to reflect the different degrees of immune infiltration through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Finally, potential prognostic markers associated with the immune index were identified based on weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) that was functionally validated in vitro. Results Three ISs were identified in PDAC, of which IS3 had the best prognosis across all three cohorts. The different expressions of immune profiles among the three ISs indicated a distinct responsiveness to immunotherapies in PDAC subtypes. By calculating the immune index, we found that the IS3 represented higher immune infiltration, while IS1 represented lower immune infiltration. Among the investigated signatures, we identified ZNF185, FANCG, and CSTF2 as risk factors associated with immune index that could potentially facilitate diagnosis and could be therapeutic target markers in PDAC patients. Conclusions Our findings identified immunologic subtypes of PDAC with distinct prognostic implications, which allowed us to establish an immune index to represent the immune infiltration in each subtype. These results show the importance of continuing investigation of immunotherapy and will allow clinical workers to personalized treatment more effectively in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yajing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huafang Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Goulart MR, Stasinos K, Fincham REA, Delvecchio FR, Kocher HM. T cells in pancreatic cancer stroma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7956-7968. [PMID: 35046623 PMCID: PMC8678814 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly devastating disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate. PDAC has a complex tumour microenvironment; characterised by a robust desmoplastic stroma, extensive infiltration of immunesuppressive cells such as immature myeloid cells, tumour-associated macrophages, neutrophils and regulatory T cells, and the presence of exhausted and senescent T cells. The cross-talk between cells in this fibrotic tumour establishes an immune-privileged microenvironment that supports tumour cell escape from immune-surveillance, disease progression and spread to distant organs. PDAC tumours, considered to be non-immunogenic or cold, express low mutation burden, low infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes that are localised along the invasive margin of the tumour border in the surrounding fibrotic tissue, and often display an exhausted phenotype. Here, we review the role of T cells in pancreatic cancer, examine the complex interactions of these crucial effector units within pancreatic cancer stroma and shed light on the increasingly attractive use of T cells as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Goulart
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute-A CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stasinos
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute-A CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Elizabeth Ann Fincham
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute-A CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca R Delvecchio
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute-A CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute-A CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Barts and the London HPB Centre, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
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19
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Gutiérrez ML, Muñoz-Bellvís L, Orfao A. Genomic Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Clinical Impact. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4451. [PMID: 34503261 PMCID: PMC8430663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death due to limited advances in recent years in early diagnosis and personalized therapy capable of overcoming tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In the last decades, significant advances have been achieved in the identification of recurrent genetic and molecular alterations of PDAC including those involving the KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53 driver genes. Despite these common genetic traits, PDAC are highly heterogeneous tumors at both the inter- and intra-tumoral genomic level, which might contribute to distinct tumor behavior and response to therapy, with variable patient outcomes. Despite this, genetic and genomic data on PDAC has had a limited impact on the clinical management of patients. Integration of genomic data for classification of PDAC into clinically defined entities-i.e., classical vs. squamous subtypes of PDAC-leading to different treatment approaches has the potential for significantly improving patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the most relevant genomic subtypes of PDAC including the impact of distinct patterns of intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity on the classification and clinical and therapeutic management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Bellvís
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Service of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium-CIBER-CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Adam RS, Blomberg I, Ten Hoorn S, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. The recurring features of molecular subtypes in distinct gastrointestinal malignancies-A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103428. [PMID: 34284100 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and gastric cancer (GC) multiple studies of inter-tumor heterogeneity have identified molecular subtypes, which correlate with clinical features. Our aim was to investigate the attributes of molecular subtypes across three different gastrointestinal cancer types. We performed a systematic search for publications on molecular subtypes or classifications in PDAC and GC and compared the described subtypes with the established consensus molecular subtypes of CRC. Examining the characteristics of subtypes across CRC, PDAC and GC resulted in four categories of subtypes. We describe uniting and distinguishing features within a mesenchymal, an epithelial, an immunogenic and a metabolic and digestive subtype category. We conclude that molecular subtypes of CRC, PDAC and GC display relevant overlap in molecular features and clinical outcomes. This finding encourages quantitative studies on subtypes across different cancer types and could lead to a paradigm shift in future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja S Adam
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Blomberg
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Ten Hoorn
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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21
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Delvecchio FR, Fincham REA, Spear S, Clear A, Roy-Luzarraga M, Balkwill FR, Gribben JG, Bombardieri M, Hodivala-Dilke K, Capasso M, Kocher HM. Pancreatic Cancer Chemotherapy Is Potentiated by Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1543-1565. [PMID: 34252585 PMCID: PMC8529396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) may confer survival benefit to patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in an otherwise immunologically inert malignancy. Yet, the precise role in PDAC has not been elucidated. Here, we aim to investigate the structure and role of TLSs in human and murine pancreatic cancer. METHODS Multicolor immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to fully characterize TLSs in human and murine (transgenic [KPC (KrasG12D, p53R172H, Pdx-1-Cre)] and orthotopic) pancreatic cancer. An orthotopic murine model was developed to study the development of TLSs and the effect of the combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy on tumor growth. RESULTS Mature, functional TLSs are not ubiquitous in human PDAC and KPC murine cancers and are absent in the orthotopic murine model. TLS formation can be induced in the orthotopic model of PDAC after intratumoral injection of lymphoid chemokines (CXCL13/CCL21). Coadministration of systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine) and intratumoral lymphoid chemokines into orthotopic tumors altered immune cell infiltration ,facilitating TLS induction and potentiating antitumor activity of chemotherapy. This resulted in significant tumor reduction, an effect not achieved by either treatment alone. Antitumor activity seen after TLS induction is associated with B cell-mediated dendritic cell activation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides supportive evidence that TLS induction may potentiate the antitumor activity of chemotherapy in a murine model of PDAC. A detailed understanding of TLS kinetics and their induction, owing to multiple host and tumor factors, may help design personalized therapies harnessing the potential of immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Delvecchio
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E A Fincham
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Spear
- Centre for Tumor Micro-environment, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Clear
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Roy-Luzarraga
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Centre for Tumor Micro-environment, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melania Capasso
- Centre for Tumor Micro-environment, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Savino A, De Marzo N, Provero P, Poli V. Meta-Analysis of Microdissected Breast Tumors Reveals Genes Regulated in the Stroma but Hidden in Bulk Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3371. [PMID: 34282769 PMCID: PMC8268805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome data provide a valuable resource for the study of cancer molecular mechanisms, but technical biases, sample heterogeneity, and small sample sizes result in poorly reproducible lists of regulated genes. Additionally, the presence of multiple cellular components contributing to cancer development complicates the interpretation of bulk transcriptomic profiles. To address these issues, we collected 48 microarray datasets derived from laser capture microdissected stroma or epithelium in breast tumors and performed a meta-analysis identifying robust lists of differentially expressed genes. This was used to create a database with carefully harmonized metadata that we make freely available to the research community. As predicted, combining the results of multiple datasets improved statistical power. Moreover, the separate analysis of stroma and epithelium allowed the identification of genes with different contributions in each compartment, which would not be detected by bulk analysis due to their distinct regulation in the two compartments. Our method can be profitably used to help in the discovery of biomarkers and the identification of functionally relevant genes in both the stroma and the epithelium. This database was made to be readily accessible through a user-friendly web interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Savino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Niccolò De Marzo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Center for Omics Sciences, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Poli
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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23
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Sivakumar S, Abu-Shah E, Ahern DJ, Arbe-Barnes EH, Jainarayanan AK, Mangal N, Reddy S, Rendek A, Easton A, Kurz E, Silva M, Soonawalla Z, Heij LR, Bashford-Rogers R, Middleton MR, Dustin ML. Activated Regulatory T-Cells, Dysfunctional and Senescent T-Cells Hinder the Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1776. [PMID: 33917832 PMCID: PMC8068251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses of any human malignancy and leukocyte infiltration is a major prognostic marker of the disease. As current immunotherapies confer negligible survival benefits, there is a need to better characterise leukocytes in pancreatic cancer to identify better therapeutic strategies. In this study, we analysed 32 human pancreatic cancer patients from two independent cohorts. A multi-parameter mass-cytometry analysis was performed on 32,000 T-cells from eight patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis was performed on a cohort of 24 patients. Multiplex immunohistochemistry imaging and spatial analysis were performed to map immune infiltration into the tumour microenvironment. Regulatory T-cell populations demonstrated highly immunosuppressive states with high TIGIT, ICOS and CD39 expression. CD8+ T-cells were found to be either in senescence or an exhausted state. The exhausted CD8 T-cells had low PD-1 expression but high TIGIT and CD39 expression. These findings were corroborated in an independent pancreatic cancer single-cell RNA dataset. These data suggest that T-cells are major players in the suppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Our work identifies multiple novel therapeutic targets that should form the basis for rational design of a new generation of clinical trials in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Enas Abu-Shah
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David J. Ahern
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
| | | | - Ashwin K. Jainarayanan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Bioscience Doctoral Training Program and Exeter College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nagina Mangal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Srikanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Aniko Rendek
- Department of Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Alistair Easton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Elke Kurz
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
| | - Michael Silva
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zahir Soonawalla
- Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (S.R.); (M.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lara R. Heij
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (S.S.); (A.E.); (M.R.M.)
- Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (D.J.A.); (A.K.J.); (E.K.)
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24
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Yao J, Tang YC, Yi B, Yang J, Chai Y, Yin N, Zhang ZX, Wei YJ, Li DC, Zhou J. Signature of gene aberrant alternative splicing events in pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:3164-3179. [PMID: 33976726 PMCID: PMC8100795 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS), as an effective and universal mechanism of transcriptional regulation, is involved in the development and progression of cancer. Therefore, systematic analysis of alternative splicing in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is warranted. The corresponding clinical information of the RNA-Seq data and PAAD cohort was downloaded from the TCGA data portal. Then, a java application, SpliceSeq, was used to evaluate the RNA splicing pattern and calculate the splicing percentage index (PSI). Differentially expressed AS events (DEAS) were identified based on PSI values between PAAD cancer samples and normal samples of adjacent tissues. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association between DEAS and patient clinical characteristics. Unsupervised cluster analysis used to reveal four clusters with different survival patterns. At the same time, GEO and TCGA combined with GTEx to verify the differential expression of AS gene and splicing factor. After rigorous filtering, a total of 45,313 AS events were identified, 1,546 of which were differentially expressed AS events. Nineteen DEAS were found to be associated with OS with a five-year overall survival rate of 0.946. And the subtype clusters results indicate that there are differences in the nature of individual AS that affect clinical outcomes. Results also identified 15 splicing factors associated with the prognosis of PAAD. And the splicing factors ESRP1 and RBM5 played an important role in the PAAD-associated AS events. The PAAD-associated AS events, splicing networks, and clusters identified in this study are valuable for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of AS in PAAD and may facilitate the establishment of therapeutic goals for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yu-Chen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ni Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wei
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - De-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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25
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Sivapalan L, Kocher H, Ross-Adams H, Chelala C. Molecular profiling of ctDNA in pancreatic cancer: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application. Pancreatology 2021; 21:363-378. [PMID: 33451936 PMCID: PMC7994018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Genomic profiling has not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC, due to the lack of available tissues for sequencing and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many biopsy specimens. Increasing focus is now turning to the use of minimally invasive liquid biopsies to enhance the characterisation of actionable PDAC tumour genomes. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is the most comprehensively studied liquid biopsy analyte in blood and can provide insight into the molecular profile and biological characteristics of individual PDAC tumours, in real-time and in advance of traditional imaging modalities. This can pave the way for identification of new therapeutic targets, novel risk variants and markers of tumour response, to supplement diagnostic screening and provide enhanced scrutiny in treatment stratification. In the roadmap towards the application of precision medicine for clinical management in PDAC, ctDNA analyses may serve a leading role in streamlining candidate biomarkers for clinical integration. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the use of ctDNA-based liquid biopsies for PDAC and provide new insights into the technical, analytical and biological challenges that must be overcome for this potential to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sivapalan
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - H.M. Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - H. Ross-Adams
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C. Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK,Corresponding author.
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26
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Link JM, Liudahl SM, Betts CB, Sivagnanam S, Leis KR, McDonnell M, Pelz CR, Johnson B, Hamman KJ, Keith D, Sampson JE, Morgan TK, Lopez CD, Coussens LM, Sears RC. Tumor-Infiltrating Leukocyte Phenotypes Distinguish Outcomes in Related Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00287. [PMID: 34036232 PMCID: PMC8140804 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Link
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shannon M. Liudahl
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Kenna R. Leis
- Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Mary McDonnell
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Carl R. Pelz
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Brett Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kelly J. Hamman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Dove Keith
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jone E. Sampson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Charles D. Lopez
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
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27
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Heij LR, Tan X, Kather JN, Niehues JM, Sivakumar S, Heussen N, van der Kroft G, Damink SWMO, Lang S, Aberle MR, Luedde T, Gaisa NT, Bednarsch J, Liu DHW, Cleutjens JPM, Modest DP, Neumann UP, Wiltberger GJ. Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Microenvironment Are Co-Localized with Lymphoid Aggregates in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030490. [PMID: 33573277 PMCID: PMC7866811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are reported to be important in survival in cancer. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types, and currently, it is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A better understanding of tumor biology is pivotal to improve clinical outcome. The desmoplastic stroma is a complex system in which crosstalk takes place between cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and cancer cells. Indirect and direct cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) drive key processes such as tumor progression, metastasis formation and treatment resistance. In order to understand the aggressiveness of PDAC and its resistance to therapeutics, the TME needs to be further unraveled. There are some limited data about the influence of nerve fibers on cancer progression. Here we show that small nerve fibers are located at lymphoid aggregates in PDAC. This unravels future pathways and has potential to improve clinical outcome by a rational development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Heij
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob N. Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Jan M. Niehues
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Nicole Heussen
- Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Center of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory van der Kroft
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Merel R. Aberle
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.K.); (J.M.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
| | - Drolaiz H. W. Liu
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.H.W.L.); (J.P.M.C.)
| | - Jack P. M. Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.H.W.L.); (J.P.M.C.)
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik P. Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CVK, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Georg J. Wiltberger
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.T.); (G.v.d.K.); (S.W.M.O.D.); (S.L.); (M.R.A.); (J.B.); (U.P.N.); (G.J.W.)
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28
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Mishra NK, Southekal S, Guda C. Prognostic value of biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:615. [PMID: 32566552 PMCID: PMC7290607 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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29
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Somerville TDD, Biffi G, Daßler-Plenker J, Hur SK, He XY, Vance KE, Miyabayashi K, Xu Y, Maia-Silva D, Klingbeil O, Demerdash OE, Preall JB, Hollingsworth MA, Egeblad M, Tuveson DA, Vakoc CR. Squamous trans-differentiation of pancreatic cancer cells promotes stromal inflammation. eLife 2020; 9:e53381. [PMID: 32329713 PMCID: PMC7200154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly aggressive subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas undergo trans-differentiation into the squamous lineage during disease progression. Here, we investigated whether squamous trans-differentiation of human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells can influence the phenotype of non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conditioned media experiments revealed that squamous pancreatic cancer cells secrete factors that recruit neutrophils and convert pancreatic stellate cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express inflammatory cytokines at high levels. We use gain- and loss-of-function approaches to show that squamous-subtype pancreatic tumor models become enriched with neutrophils and inflammatory CAFs in a p63-dependent manner. These effects occur, at least in part, through p63-mediated activation of enhancers at pro-inflammatory cytokine loci, which includes IL1A and CXCL1 as key targets. Taken together, our findings reveal enhanced tissue inflammation as a consequence of squamous trans-differentiation in pancreatic cancer, thus highlighting an instructive role of tumor cell lineage in reprogramming the stromal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Stella K Hur
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Krysten E Vance
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Yali Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Diogo Maia-Silva
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Watson School of Biological SciencesCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Olaf Klingbeil
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | | | | | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
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Wang W, Kandimalla R, Huang H, Zhu L, Li Y, Gao F, Goel A, Wang X. Molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer: Recent progress, new challenges and emerging opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 55:37-52. [PMID: 29775690 PMCID: PMC6240404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to many other malignancies, CRC is a heterogeneous disease, making it a clinical challenge for optimization of treatment modalities in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. A more precise understanding of the biological properties that distinguish patients with colorectal tumors, especially in terms of their clinical features, is a key requirement towards a more robust, targeted-drug design, and implementation of individualized therapies. In the recent decades, extensive studies have reported distinct CRC subtypes, with a mutation-centered view of tumor heterogeneity. However, more recently, the paradigm has shifted towards transcriptome-based classifications, represented by six independent CRC taxonomies. In 2015, the colorectal cancer subtyping consortium reported the identification of four consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), providing thus far the most robust classification system for CRC. In this review, we summarize the historical timeline of CRC classification approaches; discuss their salient features and potential limitations that may require further refinement in near future. In other words, in spite of the recent encouraging progress, several major challenges prevent translation of molecular knowledge gleaned from CMSs into the clinic. Herein, we summarize some of these potential challenges and discuss exciting new opportunities currently emerging in related fields. We believe, close collaborations between basic researchers, bioinformaticians and clinicians are imperative for addressing these challenges, and eventually paving the path for CRC subtyping into routine clinical practice as we usher into the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Raju Kandimalla
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 610, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lina Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 610, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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