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Zahir SO, El Khadir M, Boukhris SA, Benajah DA, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L, El Abkari M, Bennani B. Helicobacter pylori vacA allelic combination, dupA, cagE and cagA genotypes and their associations with gastric diseases among Moroccan population. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024:JJID.2024.061. [PMID: 38945860 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The combination of the four regions of vacA with cagA, cagE, dupA genes and cagA-EPIYA motifs, was studied to find the most likely combination that can be used as a disease determinant marker in Moroccan population. A total of 838 H. pylori positive obtained from consenting patients, that were previously analyzed by PCR to characterize vacA-s -m, -i regions, cagE status and cagA 3' region polymorphism, were used to characterize vacA-d region and to determine dupA gene status. The analysis shows the predominance of the less virulent combination (vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-)cagE(-)cagA(-)), and shows that the risk of gastric cancer is 13.33 fold higher (1.06-166.37)) in patients infected by strains harboring vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(-)cagE(+)cagA(2EPIYA-C) compared to patients with gastritis without lesions and infected by H.pylori strains harboring vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-)cagE(-)cagA(-). The infection with strains harboring vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(+)cagE(+)cagA(1EPIYAC) genotype combination represents a risk factor for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (the Odds Ratio (95% CI) were 16 (1.09-234.24) and 6.54 (1.60-26.69) respectively) compared to patients with gastritis without lesions. These results suggest that the combination of the active form of vacA genotypes, dupA gene status and the number of EPIYA-C motif may be considered helpful markers to discriminate between several gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Oirdi Zahir
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Mounia El Khadir
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
- The Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Morocco
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Laila Chbani
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
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Liu YY, Wu DK, Chen JB, Tang YM, Jiang F. Advances in the study of gastric organoids as disease models. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1725-1736. [PMID: 38764838 PMCID: PMC11099456 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric organoids are models created in the laboratory using stem cells and sophisticated three-dimensional cell culture techniques. These models have shown great promise in providing valuable insights into gastric physiology and advanced disease research. This review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the research advances in culture methods and techniques for adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids, and patient-derived organoids. The potential value of gastric organoids in studying the pathogenesis of stomach-related diseases and facilitating drug screening is initially discussed. The construction of gastric organoids involves several key steps, including cell extraction and culture, three-dimensional structure formation, and functional expression. Simulating the structure and function of the human stomach by disease modeling with gastric organoids provides a platform to study the mechanism of gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter pylori. In addition, in drug screening and development, gastric organoids can be used as a key tool to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in preclinical trials. They can also be used for precision medicine according to the specific conditions of patients with gastric cancer, to assess drug resistance, and to predict the possibility of adverse reactions. However, despite the impressive progress in the field of gastric organoids, there are still many unknowns that need to be addressed, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the reproducibility and consistency of organoid cultures are major challenges that must be overcome. These challenges have had a significant impact on the development of gastric organoids. Nonetheless, as technology continues to advance, we can foresee more comprehensive research in the construction of gastric organoids. Such research will provide better solutions for the treatment of stomach-related diseases and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - De-Kun Wu
- Teaching Experiment and Training Center, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ji-Bing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - You-Ming Tang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- AIDS Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Guzmán J, Castillo D, González-Siccha AD, Bussalleu A, Trespalacios-Rangel AA, Lescano AG, Sauvain M. Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA, iceA and babA Genotypes from Peruvian Patients with Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1476. [PMID: 38672558 PMCID: PMC11047899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored the clinical-stage association of gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared to cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) and its relationship with virulence genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical isolates from patients with dyspepsia in Peru. This study was cross-sectional and included 158 H. pylori clinical isolates; each isolate corresponded to a different Peruvian patient, genotyped by polymerase chain reaction to detect cagA gene and EPIYA motifs, the vacA gene (alleles s1, s2, i1, i2, d1, d2, m1, m2 and subtypes s1a, s1b and s1c), the iceA gene (alleles 1 and 2), and the babA gene (allele 2). We observed that 38.6% presented with IM and that all clinical isolates were CagA positive. The EPIYA-ABC motif was predominant (68.4%), and we observed a high frequency for the vacA gene alleles s1 (94.9%), m1 (81.7%), i1 (63.9%), and d1 (70.9%). Strains with both iceA alleles were also detected (69.6%) and 52.2% were babA2 positive. In addition, it was observed that the cagA+/vacAs1m1 (PR: 2.42, 1.14 to 5.13, p < 0.05) and cagA+/vacAs1am1 (PR: 1.67, 1.13 to 2.45, p < 0.01) genotypes were associated with IM. Our findings revealed the cagA and vacA risk genotypes predominance, and we provided clinically relevant associations between Peruvian patients with H. pylori infection and IM clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guzmán
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Denis Castillo
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anabel D. González-Siccha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru;
| | - Alejandro Bussalleu
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Alba A. Trespalacios-Rangel
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Andres G. Lescano
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Michel Sauvain
- Laboratorio Centinela de Helicobacter pylori, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15024, Peru; (D.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.)
- UMR 152 Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Jarzab M, Skorko-Glonek J. There Are No Insurmountable Barriers: Passage of the Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin from Bacterial Cytoplasm to Eukaryotic Cell Organelle. MEMBRANES 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 38248700 PMCID: PMC10821523 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a very successful pathogen, one of the most commonly identified causes of bacterial infections in humans worldwide. H. pylori produces several virulence factors that contribute to its persistence in the hostile host habitat and to its pathogenicity. The most extensively studied are cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA). VacA is present in almost all H. pylori strains. As a secreted multifunctional toxin, it assists bacterial colonization, survival, and proliferation during long-lasting infections. To exert its effect on gastric epithelium and other cell types, VacA undergoes several modifications and crosses multiple membrane barriers. Once inside the gastric epithelial cell, VacA disrupts many cellular-signaling pathways and processes, leading mainly to changes in the efflux of various ions, the depolarization of membrane potential, and perturbations in endocytic trafficking and mitochondrial function. The most notable effect of VacA is the formation of vacuole-like structures, which may lead to apoptosis. This review focuses on the processes involved in VacA secretion, processing, and entry into host cells, with a particular emphasis on the interaction of the mature toxin with host membranes and the formation of transmembrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Yan L, Wang P, Zhao F, Hu S. The role of toll-like receptors in immune tolerance induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13020. [PMID: 37691007 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerobic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in about half of the world's population. H. pylori infection can lead to various diseases. Chronic infection by H. pylori exposes the gastric mucosa to bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and several toxic proteins. Infected with H. pylori activates the release of pro-inflammatory factors and triggers inflammatory responses that damage the gastric mucosa. As the only microorganism that permanently colonizes the human stomach, H. pylori can suppress host immunity to achieve long-term colonization. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in T-cell activation, promoting innate immune responses and immune tolerance during H. pylori infection. Among the 10 TLRs found in humans, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 have been thoroughly investigated in relation to H. pylori-linked immune regulation. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the various mechanisms employed by different TLRs in the induction of immune tolerance upon H. pylori infection, which will contribute to the research of pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shoukui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sun Q, Yuan C, Zhou S, Lu J, Zeng M, Cai X, Song H. Helicobacter pylori infection: a dynamic process from diagnosis to treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257817. [PMID: 37928189 PMCID: PMC10621068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above, H. pylori has different pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization and virulence factor expression. It is essential to make accurate diagnoses and provide patients with effective treatment to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Detection of H. pylori can be accomplished invasively and noninvasively, with both having advantages and limitations. To enhance therapeutic outcomes, novel therapeutic regimens, as well as adjunctive therapies with probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine, have been attempted along with traditional empiric treatments, such as triple and bismuth quadruple therapies. An H. pylori infection, however, is difficult to eradicate during treatment owing to bacterial resistance, and there is no commonly available preventive vaccine. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of H. pylori infections and to highlight current treatment and diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengzhi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- School of International Education, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houpan Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhu Y, Lin C, Xu H, Xia Z, Yang W, Tang H, Hu X, Jiang T, Liu Z, Shen J. Establishment and Methodological Evaluation of a Method for Rapid Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes Based on CRISPR-Cas12a. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:435-443. [PMID: 36721635 PMCID: PMC9884559 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s398098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than half of the world's people are infected or have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. This infection is related to many diseases, with its pathogenicity related to virulence factors. Therefore, the rapid diagnosis of H. pylori and genotyping of virulence genes play an extremely important role in the clinical treatment and control of transmission. Methods To this end, we developed a molecular detection method based on RPA- CRISPR-Cas12a technology for the specific genes 16S rDNA gene, cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA), and vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) of H. pylori. Results The results of which were displayed by lateral flow strips. Macroscopic observation takes only about 25 minutes and the sensitivity is 2ng/microliter. Discussion The method is simple, convenient to operate and has low costs, and can therefore be applied widely to the detection and typing of H. pylori in various environments such as primary hospitals, community clinics, outdoors, and large medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jilu Shen, Tel +86 151 5515 2963, Email ;
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Li Y, Li T, Chen J, Zheng H, Li Y, Chu F, Wang S, Li P, Lin J, Su Z, Ding X. Manpixiao Decoction Halted the Malignant Transformation of Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer: From Network Prediction to In-Vivo Verification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927731. [PMID: 35991884 PMCID: PMC9389883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manpixiao decoction (MPX), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is mainly used to improve the gastric mucosal pathology and stomach discomfort in patients with gastric precancerous lesions. Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC) refers to intestinal metaplasia and/or dysplasia based on gastric mucosal atrophy. Effective prevention and treatment of PLGC is of great significance to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Because of the complexity of the etiology and pathogenesis of PLGC, there is no unified and effective treatment plan in western medicine. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has shown obvious advantages in the treatment of PLGC and the prevention of its further progression to gastric cancer, relying on its multi-approach and multi-target comprehensive intervention characteristics. This study is designed to examine the protective effect of MPX against PLGC and further to reveal the engaged mechanism via integrating network pharmacology and in vivo experimental evidence. Network pharmacology results demonstrated that inflammation, immune responses, and angiogenesis might be associated with the efficacy of MPX in the treatment of PLGC, in which the PI3K-Akt, cellular senescence, P53 and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were involved. Then, we established a rat model of PLGC using a combination of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), sodium salicylate, irregular fasting, and ranitidine, and observed the effects after MPX treatment. Our result showed that MPX improved the pathological condition of gastric mucosa in PLGC rats and reduced the incidence of gastric cancer. Next, the analysis of serum inflammatory cytokines showed that MPX reduced the inflammation-related cytokines (such as IL-1α, IL-7, CSF-1, and CSF-3) in the serum. Additionally, MPX also had a regulation effect on the “protein/protein phosphorylation-signaling pathway” network in the core region of the PLGC rats. It is showed that MPX can inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT, and downregulates the EGFR, β-catenin, and N-cadherin protein levels. These results indicate that MPX halted the PLGC progression through inhibiting EGFR-PI3K-AKT related epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Spleen and Stomach Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiena Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Li
- Oncology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Spleen and Stomach Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sici Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqi Su
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Spleen and Stomach Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Ding,
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Wang Y, Du J, Wu X, Abdelrehem A, Ren Y, Liu C, Zhou X, Wang S. Crosstalk between autophagy and microbiota in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:163. [PMID: 34895252 PMCID: PMC8665582 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process seen in eukaryotes and is essentially a lysosome-dependent protein degradation pathway. The dysregulation of autophagy is often associated with the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancers, and can not only promote the survival of cancer but also trigger the tumor cell death. During cancer development, the microbial community might predispose cells to tumorigenesis by promoting mucosal inflammation, causing systemic disorders, and may also regulate the immune response to cancer. The complex relationship between autophagy and microorganisms can protect the body by activating the immune system. In addition, autophagy and microorganisms can crosstalk with each other in multifaceted ways to influence various physiological and pathological responses involved in cancer progression. Various molecular mechanisms, correlating the microbiota disorders and autophagy activation, control the outcomes of protumor or antitumor responses, which depend on the cancer type, tumor microenvironment and disease stage. In this review, we mainly emphasize the leading role of autophagy during the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and human cancers and investigate the various molecular mechanisms by which autophagy modulates such complicated biological processes. Moreover, we also highlight the possibility of curing cancers with multiple molecular agents targeting the microbiota/autophagy axis. Finally, we summarize the emerging clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of targeting either autophagy or microbiota as anticancer strategies, although the crosstalk between them has not been explored thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ahmed Abdelrehem
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
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Characterization of East-Asian Helicobacter pylori encoding Western EPIYA-ABC CagA. J Microbiol 2021; 60:207-214. [PMID: 34757586 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic bacterial oncoprotein, CagA shows geography-dependent variation in the C-terminal Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs; East-Asian H. pylori isolates carry the ABD type while Western isolates carry the ABC type. In Western isolates, the EPIYA-C motif is sometimes found in multi-copy and this genotype is associated with disease severity. Interestingly, a small number of East-Asian H. pylori isolates have been found to carry Western ABC-type CagA. To gain a better understanding of these unusual isolates, the genomes of four Korean H. pylori clinical isolates carrying ABC-type CagA were sequenced via third generation (Pac-Bio SMRT) sequencing technology. The obtained data were utilized for phylogenetic analysis as well as comparison of additional virulence factors that are known to show geographic-dependent polymorphisms. Three of four isolates indeed belonged to the hpEastAsia group and showed typical East-Asian polymorphism in virulence factors such as homA/B/C, babA/B/C, and oipA. One isolate grouped to HpAfrica and showed typical Western polymorphism of virulence factors such as cagA, homA/B/C, and oipA. To understand the occurrence of the multi-copy EPIYA-C motif genotype in an East-Asian H. pylori background, the Korean clinical isolate, K154 was analyzed; this strain belonged to hpEastAsia but encoded CagA EPIYA-ABCCCC. Based on DNA sequence homology within the CagA multimerization (CM) sequence that flanked the EPIYA-C motifs, we predicted that the number of C motifs might change via homologous recombination. To test this hypothesis, K154 was cultured for one generation and 287 single colonies were analyzed for the number of EPIYA-C motifs using PCR-based screening and DNA sequencing verification. Three out of 284 (1%) single colony isolates showed changes in the number of EPIYA-C motifs in vitro; one isolate increased to five EPIYA-C motifs, one decreased to three EPIYA-C motifs, and one completely deleted the EPIYA-C motifs. The capacity for dynamic changes in the number of EPIYA-C repeats of CagA may play a role in generating important intraspecies diversity in East-Asian H. pylori.
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El Khadir M, Boukhris SA, Zahir SO, Benajah DA, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L, El Abkari M, Bennani B. CagE, cagA and cagA 3' region polymorphism of Helicobacter pylori and their association with the intra-gastric diseases in Moroccan population. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115372. [PMID: 33813354 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important etiological factor in gastroduodenal diseases development. Its evolution is influenced by several factors, including bacterial virulence genes such as cagA and cagE. This work aimed to evaluate the predictive value of cagE alone and in combination with cagA and CagA-EPIYA-C motifs number as a marker of the infection evolution. A total of 823 H. pylori DNA extracted from biopsies of consenting patients suffering from gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastric cancer. The cagE, cagA status and cagA 3' region polymorphism were determined by PCR. The analysis shows that the risk of duodenal ulcer is 1.97-fold higher (CI = 1.18-3.30) in patients infected by strains cagA+/cagE+. And the risk of gastric cancer is 5.19-fold higher (CI = 1.18-22.70) in patients harboring strains cagE+/2EPIYA-C. The results suggest that cagE in combination with cagA-EPIYA-C motifs number can be used as predictive biomarker of H. pylori infection evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia El Khadir
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Laboratoire de microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FMPF, USMBA
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Laboratoire de microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FMPF, USMBA
| | - Souad Oirdi Zahir
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Laboratoire de microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FMPF, USMBA
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Service d'Hépato gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Service d'Hépato gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
| | - Laila Chbani
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Service d'Hépato gastro-entérologie CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
| | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine Biomédecine et Environnement, Equipe micro-organismes génomique et facteurs oncogènes, Faculté de médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fès, Maroc.; Laboratoire de microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FMPF, USMBA.
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Histomorphological Characteristics and Pathological Types of Hyperproliferation of Gastric Surface Epithelial Cells. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:8828326. [PMID: 33777138 PMCID: PMC7969108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8828326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the histomorphological characteristics and pathological types of hyperproliferation of gastric surface epithelial cells. Methods Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic acid–Schiff, and immunohistochemical staining were performed on biopsy specimens obtained from 723 patients with hyperproliferation of gastric surface epithelial cells and/or hyperplasia of gastric pits. Follow-up gastroscopic reexaminations were performed on 475 patients included. Improvement probability was analyzed using Kaplan-Meyer as well as Cox proportional hazards models. Results Seven different histomorphologies and clinicopathologies of hyperproliferation of gastric surface epithelial cells were identified: (1) common hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which was characterized by focal glandular epithelial hyperplasia of gastric pits with chronic inflammation; (2) drug-induced hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which was characterized by increased hyperplasia of gastric pits and cells arranged in a monolayer; (3) Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection-induced hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which was characterized by the disappearance of oval, spherical, and bounded membrane-enclosed mucus-containing granules in the cytoplasm and on the nucleus together with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; (4) metaplastic hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which was characterized by the coexistence of intestinal metaplastic cells with hyperplastic gastric epithelial cells; (5) atrophic hyperplasia of gastric epithelial cells, which was characterized by the mucosal atrophy accompanied with hyperplasia of gastric pits; (6) low-grade neoplasia of epithelial cells, which was characterized by the mild to moderate dysplasia of gastric epithelial cells; and (7) high-grade neoplasia of epithelial cells, which was characterized by the evident dysplasia of hyperplastic epithelial cells and losses of cell polarity. The different pathological types are associated with different improvement probabilities. Conclusions This study demonstrated the histomorphological characteristics and pathological types, which might guide clinicians to track malignant cell transformation, perform precise treatment, predict the clinical prognosis, and control the development of gastric cancer.
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